‫)‪Repair Oil and Gas Pipelines (4‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ – ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫‪ -9‬ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )‪(Full Encirclement Split Sleeve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻫﻨﮕﺮﻱ )‪ (Forging‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻱ )‪ (Cast Steel‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ) ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ( ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )‪ (F.E.S.S‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻼﺱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ) ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ‪ANSI‬‬
‫‪ ( Flange Pressure Class‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ؛ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﺤﺎﻅ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ؛ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ" ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎ ﺁﺗﺶ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺯﻧﮕﺰﺩﮔﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﺵ )‪ ، (Spatter‬ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻟﻜﻪ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ" ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ 6‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )‪(Welding Full Encirclement Sleeve‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ )ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ( ﺭﻭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ )‪ (Not Anchored‬ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ )‪ (Anchored‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻼﺱ ‪ ANSI 600‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ )‪ 10 MPa (1440PSI‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ؛ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺟﻮﺵ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 1/4‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ )‪ (1.4 × t of Pipeline‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺗﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ" ﺁﭼﺎﺭﻛﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺩﺭﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ )‪ (Nuts‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - -6‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺋﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ )‪ (Low Hydrogen E7018‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫)ﭘﺎﺱ ﺩﻭﻡ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 5‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 10‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫)ﻏﻼﻑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ( ‪Full Split Sleeve‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﭻ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬

‫)ﻏﻼﻑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﺯ( ‪Local Made Full Split Sleeve‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ‬

‫ﺍ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ 6‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺩﻭﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﭻ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Pipeline‬‬ ‫‪Leak Point‬‬

‫‪L/2 + 6 mm‬‬

‫‪L: Length of Full Split Sleeve‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻀﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -3‬ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ‬

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‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻏﻼﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ" ﺁﭼﺎﺭﻛﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻏﻼﻑ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻴﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ؛ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ )‪ 12‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ(ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ )‪ (Stud Bolts‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺟﺖ )‪ (Grinding Machine‬ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪................................................. Split Sleeve with Branch Connection ...............................................‬‬

‫‪ -10‬ﺯﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ )‪(Full Encirclement Saddle‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ )‪ (Nipple‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪2‬ﻭ‪ -3‬ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ )‪ (Saddle‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺏ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺯﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ ﺯﻳﻦ‬

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 ‫‪ -11‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‪(Pipe Replacement / Cutout Repair‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮﺍﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﮔﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ )‪ (Shut Down‬ﻭ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Pipe Replacement Repair‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﮔﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ )‪(Rubber Plug‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ )‪(Weld+End‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ )ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪ ( 3‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ 12‬ﻭ ‪ 13‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣـّﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ )‪(Shut Down‬ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺧـﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷـﻨﺎﺳﺎـﺌﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺧﻂ ﺭﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -5‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺂﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﭘﻜﺮﺍﻧﻲ )‪ (Pigging‬ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -9‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ )‪ (Cold Cut‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )‪ (Depressurized‬ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ )‪ (Hot Tap‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻨﺠﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ 7‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ( ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺮﺩ )‪(Cold Cut‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -11‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪(Up Stream and Down‬‬
‫)‪ Stream‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮔﺎﺯ )‪ (Gas Test‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ ؛ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ )‪ (Gas Test‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -13‬ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -14‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺦ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ )‪ (Bevel‬ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ؛ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -15‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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