TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3

Circles and Ratio Proportionality Proportional Relationships

1 Poultry in Motion

2 How Does Your Garden

Grow?

3 Tagging Sharks

4 Complying with Title IX

5 Fish-Inches

6 Minding Your Ps and Qs

LESSON 2

How Does Your Garden Grow? KEY TERMS

proportional
Defining Proportional Relationships relationship
direct variation

Learning Goals
• Use tables and graphs to explore proportional relationships.
• Decide whether two quantities in a table are in a proportional relationship
by testing for equivalent ratios.
• Decide whether two quantities graphed on a coordinate plane are in a
proportional relationship by observing whether they form a straight line
through the origin.

REVIEW (1–2 minutes)

\ Answer each question.

1 A bus travels 18 miles in 15 minutes. 2 A copy machine averages

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At the same rate, what distance will 210 copies in 5 minutes.

the bus travel in 1 hour? At the same rate, how many
copies can the machine
make in 1 minute?

How can you determine

You have learned about the relationship between ratios, a whether a proportional
comparison of two quantities, and proportions. relationship exists between
two quantities?

Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 65

 Getting Activity Talk
Getting Started Proportionality Started 1 2 the Talk
TOPIC 2 LESSON 2

Keep on Mixing!
GETTING STARTED

The students in Mr. Raith’s art class created various quantities of bluish green paint
using pints of yellow and blue paint. The table shows the different mixtures of paint,
in pints, that the students made.

Amount of Bluish Green Paint 3 pt 5 pt 6 pt 12 pt 15 pt 20 pt

Amount of Yellow Paint 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 4 pt 6 pt 8 pt
Amount of Blue Paint 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 8 pt 9 pt 12 pt

1 How many different shades of paint did the students make? How do you know?

2 Some of the shades of the paint are more yellow than others. Which mixture(s) are
the most yellow? Explain your reasoning.

y Amount of Bluish Green Paint

3 Plot an ordered pair for each
bluish green paint mixture. 18
Draw a line connecting each 16
point to the origin. What do
Number of Blue Pints

14
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you notice?
12

10

2
0
x
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Number of Yellow Pints

66 Topic 2  Proportionality
 Getting Activity Talk
ACTIVITY 1 Proportionality Started 1 2 the Talk
TOPIC 2 LESSON 2

Defining Proportional Relationships HABITS OF MIND

ACTIVITY 1

• Model with mathematics.

• Use appropriate tools
strategically.
The Student Government Association (SGA)
at Radloff Middle School is creating an
urban garden at their school for use by their
community. They divided up into groups to
design different parts of the garden and were
asked to:
• Describe their project.
• Create an equation to model part of their
design or to answer a question about

TOPIC 2
their design.
• Sketch a graph of their equation.

1 Isaac, the president of the SGA, mixed up the representations of the projects after
they were submitted to him. Help Isaac match the scenarios, equations, and graphs.

• Cut out the equations and graphs located on

ACTIVITY 1 CUTOUTS

Cutouts for The Urban Garden Project

ACTIVITY 1 CUTOUTS

page 77. y y y

• Match an equation and graph to each scenario

given in the table on the next page. x x x

• Glue the representations into the table on the

y = 1.6x y=
​ x2 y = x + 6​

next page.
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77
77
Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow?

When you connect an equation to a graph, you are

establishing a dependency between the quantities. Remember, the independent
quantity is always represented on the x-axis.

Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 67

 ACTIVITY 1 Continued

The Urban Garden Project

Group A Group B Group C

We plan to include fresh We plan to landscape We plan to create a

herbs grown in circular the perimeter of the rectangular vegetable patch
beds. What is the area of urban garden. We used a that is 5 inches wide for
Scenario

each herb bed given the damaged tape measure every 8 inches in length.
radius of the bed? What are the possible
garden’s dimensions. What lengths of the vegetable
are the actual side lengths patches?
Equation
Graph

x y x y x y
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Table

68 Topic 2  Proportionality
 ACTIVITY 1 Continued

When looking over the submissions from the urban garden working groups, Isaac
notices that there are two different types of graphical relationships represented:
linear and nonlinear.
2 Classify each group’s graph as representing a linear or a nonlinear relationship
between quantities.

Isaac notices that the linear graphs are slightly different, but he doesn’t know why.

TOPIC 2
He decides to analyze a table of values for each linear graph.
3 Create a table for each linear relationship in the urban garden project.

Isaac knows that simple equations can represent additive or multiplicative relationships
between quantities.
4 Analyze the equations.
a Based on the equations, which graph represents an additive relationship
between the variables and which represents a multiplicative relationship?
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b Which variable represents the independent quantity and which represents the
dependent quantity?

Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 69

 ACTIVITY 1 Continued

One special type of relationship that compares quantities using multiplicative reasoning
is a ratio relationship. When two equivalent ratios are set equal to each other, they form a
proportion. The quantities in the proportion are in a proportional relationship.
You can decide whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship by testing that
y x
all ratios,  ​​_x ​​ or ​​_y ​​, in a table of values are equivalent.
5 Use your tables of values in Question 3 to determine which, if any, of the linear
relationships illustrate a proportional relationship. Show the values of the ratios in
each relationship.

Isaac TAKE NOTE . . .

For a relationship
​ r​​  2​​ represents a
The equation ​y = π to illustrate a
proportional relationship between y and r proportional
relationship, all
because it includes multiplication between y x
the ratios ​​_x ​​ or _
​​ y ​​,
a numeric coefficient and a variable
must represent the
expression. same constant.

y
6 Use a table of values for Group A and corresponding ratios in the form of _
​​x ​​ to explain
why Isaac is incorrect.

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7 Explain to Isaac how the graphs in the urban garden design project are different.
Include the terms linear relationship and nonlinear relationship, proportional
relationship, and equivalent ratios.

70 Topic 2  Proportionality
 Getting Activity Talk
ACTIVITY 2 Proportionality Started 1 2 the Talk
TOPIC 2 LESSON 2
MATHia CONNECTION
• Exploring Proportions

Proportional or Not? HABITS OF MIND

ACTIVITY 2

•  eason abstractly and quantitatively.

R
In this activity, you will analyze three different • Construct viable arguments and
problem situations and then determine which critique the reasoning of others.
represents a proportional relationship.

Bob and his little brother Jake want to build bird feeders to sell at a local farmers
market. They have enough money to buy materials to build 10 bird feeders.

1 Complete a table of values by listing possible ways in which they can divide up the
work. Assume that each brother only makes whole bird feeders.
Then, complete the graph.

TOPIC 2
y Bird Feeders Built by Jake

Bird Bird 10
­Feeders ­Feeders
9
Built by Built by
Bird Feeders Built by Bob

Bob Jake 8

x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bird Feeders Built by Jake
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DID YOU KNOW?

You can draw a
line through your
points to model the
relationship. Then,
decide whether all
the points make
sense in terms
of the problem
situation.

Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 71

 ACTIVITY 2 Continued

2 Describe how the number of bird feeders built by Bob affects the number
Jake builds.

3 What is the ratio of bird feeders that Bob builds to the number that Jake builds?
Explain your reasoning.

4 Dontrell claims that the number of bird feeders Bob builds is proportional to
the number of bird feeders Jake builds. Do you agree with Dontrell’s claim?
Explain your reasoning.

Vanessa is determining how many different rectangles she can construct with an
area of 12 square inches.

5 Vanessa thinks that there are only two: one with a width of 2 inches and a length of
6 inches and another with a width of 3 inches and a length of 4 inches. Is she correct?
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Explain your reasoning.

72 Topic 2  Proportionality
 ACTIVITY 2 Continued

6 Complete a table of values for the width and length of a rectangle with an area of
12 square inches. Then, complete the graph.
y Constructing Rectangles
Width of Length of 20
Rectangle Rectangle
(in.) (in.) 18

16

14

Length (inches)
12

10

TOPIC 2
8

2
0
x
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Width (inches)

7 Describe how the width of the rectangle affects the length of the rectangle.
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8 Do the width and length of a rectangle with an area of 12 square inches form a
proportional relationship? Explain your reasoning.

Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 73

 ACTIVITY 2 Continued

One species of bamboo can grow at an average rate of THINK ABOUT . . .

60 centimeters per day. Why do you think
this problem says
“average rate”
9 Complete a table of values using the given growth rate of the instead of just rate?
bamboo plant. Then, complete the graph.
y Growth of a Bamboo Plant
Time Height of 2000
(days) Bamboo (cm)
1800

1600

1400
Height (cm)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200
0
x
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
Time (days)

10 Describe how the time affects the height of the bamboo plant.

11 Is the number of days of growth proportional to the height of the bamboo plant?
Explain your reasoning.
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TAKE NOTE . . .
You can describe
the quantities of
A situation represents a direct variation if the ratio between the a direct variation
​y​-value and its corresponding ​x​-value is constant for every point. relationship as
If two quantities vary directly, the points on a graph form a straight directly proportional.
line, and the line passes through the origin.

74 Topic 2  Proportionality
 Getting Activity Talk
TALK the TALK Proportionality Started 1 2 the Talk
TOPIC 2 LESSON 2

All in a Perfect Row

TALK THE TALK

\ Go back and examine the graphs in this lesson. Do you see a pattern?
1 How are all the graphs that display proportional relationships the same?

TOPIC 2
2 Sketch a graph that displays a proportional relationship.

y
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Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 75

 TALK the TALK Continued

3 Which tables display linear relationships? Which display proportional relationships?

Explain your reasoning.
a b
​x​ ​y​ ​x​ ​y​

1 10 0 0

2 11 1 6

4 13 3 18

5 14 4 24

c ​x​ ​y​ d ​x​ ​y​

0 4 1 30
1 8 2 15
2 12 4 10
3 16 5 5

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76 Topic 2  Proportionality
 ACTIVITY 1 CUTOUTS

Cutouts for The Urban Garden Project

ACTIVITY 1 CUTOUTS

y y y

x x x

​y = 1.6x​ ​y = 
​ x​​  2​​ ​y = x + 6​
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Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 77

Why is this page blank?
So you can cut out the graphs and equations on the other side

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78 Topic 2  Proportionality
 LESSON 2 ASSIGNMENT
 Use a separate piece of paper for your Journal entry.

REMEMBER
ASSIGNMENT

JOURNAL

Explain the relationship For a graph to represent a proportional relationship,

between these terms. the points of the graph must form a straight line and
• linear relationship pass through the origin of the graph.

• proportional relationship For a table of values to represent a proportional

relationship, all the ratios of corresponding ​x​- and
• equivalent ratios ​y​-values are constant.
• direct variation
PRACTICE

1 Analyze each table shown. Determine whether the relationship is proportional. If the
relationship is proportional, state the constant ratio for the relationship.
a 7th-Grade Plays b 8th-Grade Cell
Total Total
Class Sports Class Phones
Room A 25 75 Room A 190 210
Room B 30 120 Room B 152 168

2 Match each scenario with the appropriate graph. Then, state whether the
relationship is linear. If it is a linear relationship, state whether it is proportional.
a Vanessa and Michelle must decide b The area of a square is calculated
how to divide 16 marbles by squaring the length of one side
among themselves. of the square.

c The perimeter of a square is 4 d When Tara, a nurse, works on

times the length of one side of Saturdays, she is paid a $30 bonus
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the square. plus $40 per hour worked.

Graph A Graph B Graph C Graph D

y y y y

100 100 20 200

90 90 18 180

80 80 16 160

70 70 14 140

60 60 12 120

50 50 10 100

40 40 8 80

30 30 6 60

20 20 4 40

10 10 2 20

0 0 0 0
x x x x
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Go to LiveHint.com for help

on the PRACTICE questions. Lesson 2  How Does Your Garden Grow? 79
 LESSON 2 ASSIGNMENT Continued

3 In 2010, Chevrolet produced 12,194 Corvettes. That means they made about
34 Corvettes per day.
a Create a table to represent b Use the data from your table to
this relationship. create a graph of the total number
of Corvettes produced over time.
Time Number of
Corvette Production
(days) Corvettes y

1080
960

Number of Corvettes
840
720
600
480
360
240
120
0
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 x

Time (days)

c Use the table to determine d Does the number of Corvettes vary

whether this situation represents a directly with the number of days?
proportional relationship. Explain using the graph.

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STRETCH Optional

Another way to classify Number of Number of Width of Length of

varying quantities is as Hours People Rectangle Rectangle
an inverse variation, or 2 6 2 18
inversely proportional. The
tables shown represent 3 4 12 3
inverse variations. 1
​​_ 0.5 72
12 ​​ 144

1 Study the tables of values and make a conjecture about the relationship between the
quantities that illustrate an inverse variation.

80 Topic 2  Proportionality