LESSON 1:

Research Problem - general expression of what you want to investigate.

Research questions- specific inquiries

Chapter 1 - provides the reader an overview of the research paper ( ATSTCF)

(1) a background of the study

(2) the statement of the problem

(3) significance of the study

(4) the scope and limitations of the study

(5) conceptual framework

(6) definition of terms.

BACKGROUND - provides an overview of the issue

INTRODUCTION - present the issue being investigated

NARRATIVE DEDUCTIVE METHOD

LESSON 2:

Purpose of Citing Literature Sources(TTT)

 To give credit to other writers and researchers

 To support evidence in the researcher’s argument
 To easily locate sources about a certain topic

Citation Style Guides(AMC)

 APA( psychology, education, social sciences.)------PES

 MLA(humanities)------H
 CMOS(business, history, fine arts)--------BHF

Types of Citations( IR)

 In-text citation (appears in-between the researcher’s writing)

 Example of in-text citation(Parents are considered as one of the primary sources of social
support of adolescents. They influence the development of adolescents’ career interests, goals,
intentions, career-related self-efficacy, and outcome expectations (Kenny & Medvide, 2013).
 Reference list(is usually found at the last part of a research paper)
  Example of reference list citation(Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen. Emerging Adulthood: The Winding
Road From the Late Teens Through The Twenties. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004.
“Proportion of Poor Filipinos was Estimated at 16.6 Percent in 2018.” Philippine Statistics
Authority. December 6, 2019. https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases/nid/144752.
Smith, Rebecca Lee, Ann Marie Carroll, and Kathryn T. Callaghan. “Emerging Adulthood: A
College Student, Middle Class Perk?" Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 20, no. 2
(2015): 80-85.)

The two parts of citations are the in-text citation and reference list. Citations vary according to the
style guide (i.e., APA, MLA, or CMOS) used.

APA 7th Edition Basic Rules(IAAA)

 It follows the author and year of publishing format of in-text citation.

 A work by one author
1.APA style is commonly used by psychology majors (Dela Cruz, 2020).
2.According to Dela Cruz (2020), APA style is commonly used by psychology majors.)
 A work by two authors
1.APA style is commonly used by psychology majors (Dela Cruz & Garcia, 2020).
2.According to Dela Cruz and Garcia (2020), APA style is commonly used by psychology majors.
 A work by three or more authors
1.APA style is commonly used by psychology majors (Dela Cruz et al., 2020).
2.According to Dela Cruz et al. (2020), APA style is commonly used by psychology majors.

MLA Style Manual Basic Rules(MNA)

 MLA follows the author-page format of in-text citation.

 notes and bibliography format
example: In writing literature reviews, Plano Clark and Creswell suggest that “a good, rigorous
literature review therefore conveys that the researcher completed a comprehensive review of
the literature, organized, and synthesized this literature”1.
 author-date format
example: In writing literature reviews, Plano Clark and Creswell (2015) suggest that “a good,
rigorous literature review therefore conveys that the researcher completed a comprehensive
review of the literature, organized, and synthesized this literature.”

Reference Citation Guidelines(AMC)

 APA 7th Edition: “References”

 MLA Handbook 8th Edition: “Works Cited”
  Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition: “Bibliography” or “References”

LESSON 3:

Literature review - refers to the process of conducting systematic research

Related literature (PTB)

 Provide background information on a topic.

 Theoretical, conceptual frameworks, model, theories.
 Books, academic journals, newspaper

Related studies(ERR)

 Empirical studies
 Results, findings, and conclusion.
 Report, thesis, dissertation, research paper.

4 Primary Sources Literature - are references that contain information which were observed or
witnessed firsthand by the author. (JVSS)

1. Journal article - scholarly articles

2. Video and Audio Recordings - capture and document phenomena
3. Survey data - summarize information
4. Statistical data - compilation of numerical data
(P)
 peer-reviewed journal articles are considered the most credible.

Secondary Sources Literature - are references that contain information based on primary sources.(RNT)

1. Review article - summarizes and reviews

2. News and magazine Article - reinforce some of the topics
3. Textbook - containing information on from highly specific subjects to broad Science fields.