Industrial Internship

A Project Report

Submitted by :

Khushi Narendrabhai Monpara

200470111023

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

Electronics & Communication Department

V.V.P Engineering College – Rajkot

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

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Gujarat Technological University [Type text] VVP Engineering College - Rajkot

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Gujarat Technological University [Type text] VVP Engineering College - Rajkot

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V.V.P engineering college

Kalawad Road, Rajkot

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Internship / Project report submitted along with the Internship /
Project entitled industrial internship submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor
of Engineering in Electronics & Communication engineering to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad, is a Bonafide record of original project work carried out by me / us at
VIMOX innovation limited under the supervision of Mr. Pankajbhai Thesia and that no part of
this report has been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source,
without providing due reference.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I would like to thank Mr. Pankajbhai Thesia Director of VIMOX innovation limited, for

giving me the opportunity for an internship in the organization.

I wish to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to my internal guide Prof. Ravin Sardhara,

V.V.P engineering college, Rajkot for his valuable advice and guidance. He have been very

generous and kind in providing the necessary support and guidance for consistent Improvements.

I would like to thank Dr. Paresh Dholakia, Head of Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering, V.V.P engineering college, Rajkot for their support and advice to

get and complete internship in above said organization.

I am extremely great full to my department staff members and friends who helped me in

successful completion of this internship.

Gujarat Technological University [Type text] VVP Engineering College - Rajkot

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ABSTRACT

Industrial training is an important phase of a student life. A well planned, properly executed and

evaluated industrial training helps a lot in developing a professional attitude. It develops an

awareness of industrial approach to problem solving, based on a broad understanding of process

and mode of operation of organization.

The aim and motivation of this industrial training is to receive discipline, skills, teamwork and

technical knowledge through a proper training environment, which will help me, as a student in

the field of, to develop a responsiveness of the self-disciplinary nature of problems

During a training period at VIMOX innovation limited, I was assigned as embedded Intern in

order to execute and coordinate the company’s projects in the field of embedded automation.

Throughout this industrial training, I have worked with Tools such as PCB basics, insulators and

Technologies such as transformer, stepper motor etc. I'm also able to implement what I have

learnt for the past year as an EC engineering student in V.V.P Engineering College, Rajkot.

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List of Figures

Figure – 1
Figure – 2
Figure – 3
Figure – 4
Figure – 5
Figure – 6
Figure – 7
Figure – 8
Figure – 9
Figure – 10
Figure – 11
Figure – 12

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Table of Contents

Sr.no. Topic Page.no.

I Acknowledgement 5
II Abstract 6
III List of Figures 7
IV Table of Contents 9
1 Introduction to Project 10
1.1 Introduction 11
1.2 Internship Summary 12
1.3 Automatic Cut-Off Power Pcb 13
1.4
1.5
2 The solution

Gujarat Technological University [Type text] VVP Engineering College - Rajkot

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Gujarat Technological University [Type text] VVP Engineering College - Rajkot

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CHAPTER: 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1. Introduction:

Farmers are always exposed to various external risks like weather dependence, market prices,
inputs availability etc. Another potent risk for farming is damage to crops by stray/ wild
animals. For Himachal Pradesh more than wild animals the farmers are exposed to risk of crop
damage from monkeys. As per Department of Agriculture and Department of Horticulture
Government of Himachal Pradesh estimates, an area of 1.56 lakh ha is affected by monkey
and wild life menace which annually causes loss of Rs.229 crores to the farmers. The extent
of loss is upto89% of the normal yield of crops in some cases. A study conducted by an NGO,
GyanVigyanSamiti, found that the wild animal menace causes loss of Rs.400 crore to Rs.500
crore every year in the State. Loss in employment/livelihood is over and above these
estimated losses. According to a census conducted in 2004 the population of monkeys in the
state was 3,17,112 but the figure dropped to 226,086 in the last census held in 2012. To
protect crops from monkeys’, state government has devised various strategies like sterilizing
the simians to resolve the problem, however, the problem still persists and needs alternative
methods to protect the crops damages.

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1.2 Internship summary

A printed circuit board, or PC board, or PCB, is a non-conductive material with conductive lines
printed or etched. Electronic components are mounted on the board and the traces connect the
components together to form a working circuit or assembly.A PC board can have conductors on
one side or two sides and can be multi-layer — a sandwich with many layers of conductors, each
separated by insulating layers.

The most common circuit boards are made of plastic or glass-fiber and resin composites and use
copper traces, but a wide variety of other materials may be used. Most PCBs are flat and rigid
but flexible substrates can allow boards to fit in convoluted spaces.

Components are mounted via SMD (surface-mount) or through-hole methods.. PCBs, are the
circuit boards used in most electronic devices. The boards both physically and mechanically
support the device alongside connecting the electronic components. PCBs are typically made
from non-substrate materials with layers of copper circuitry. These layers can range from a
single layer to double or even up to fifty or more layers, meaning there is a wide range of PCBs
to choose from.

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1.3 Automatic Cut-Off Power Pcb:

The common point of the relay is connected to the phase line and from the normal point, it
is connected to the device. The neutral will have a direct line from the main supply.

To adjust VR1 and VR2, you have to take the help of a manual voltage stabilizer. First, adjust
the manual voltage stabilizer so that its output gives 160 volts. Then adjust VR1 so that the
relay goes to the exciting position. Now adjust the manual voltage stabilizer to give an
output of 250 volts. Then adjust VR2 so that the relay just goes to the exciting position.

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1.4 Parts list of automatic cut off circuit

Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon unless stated otherwise)

R1, R5 = 47 KΩ

R2, R3, R6, R7 = 150 Ω

R4 = 100 Ω, 0.5W

VR1, VR2 = 68 KΩ

Semiconductors

T1, T3 = BC158 (General Purpose silicon PNP transistor)

T2, T4 = BC148 (General Purpose silicon PNP transistor)

D1 – D4 = 1N4148 (Small Signal Diode)

D4 = 1N4007 (Rectifier Diode)

ZD1 = 9V, 1W

Miscellaneous

RL1= 6V, 300 Ω Relay

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1.4 Transformer

Transformer, device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or
more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage.
Transformers are employed for widely varying purposes; e.g., to reduce the voltage of
conventional power circuits to operate low-voltage devices, such as doorbells and toy electric
trains, and to raise the voltage from electric generators so that electric power can be transmitted
over long distances.

Transformers change voltage through electromagnetic induction; i.e., as the magnetic lines of
force (flux lines) build up and collapse with the changes in current passing through the
primary coil, current is induced in another coil, called the secondary. The secondary voltage is
calculated by multiplying the primary voltage by the ratio of the number of turns in the
secondary coil to the number of turns in the primary coil, a quantity called the turns rati0

Air-core transformers are designed to transfer radio-frequency currents—i.e., the currents used
for radio transmission; they consist of two or more coils wound around a solid insulating
substance or on an insulating coil form. Iron-core transformers serve analogous functions in the
audio-frequency range.

Impedance-matching transformers are used to match the impedance of a source and that of its
load, for most efficient transfer of energy. Isolation transformers are usually employed for
reasons of safety to isolate a piece of equipment from the source of power.

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CHAPTER: 2
SOLUTION

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2.1 The Solution

While number of alternatives are practiced by farmers and government to protect the crops from
damage by monkeys and wild animals, none of these assure 100% success in crop protection. A
new technique of power fencing is seen as ultimate solution. The solar powered fenceelectrifies
the fence with pulsating current and these pulses are the “shock” felt by an animal that touches
an electrified fence. Unlike a conventional fence, an electric fence is a psychological barrier such
that animals learn to respect the fence. Any periphery can be solar fenced, though the cost differs
with respect to the area to be fenced.

The fence is like barbed wire fencing with multiple strands of plain wires and metal/cement/
wooden posts to hold the strands in position. The wires carry high voltage current. The Solar
Power Fence gives a sharp, short but a non-lethal shock to the intruder and creates
psychological fear, against any tampering. The alarm incorporated in the system gets
activated and alert the inmates of the protected area. These are tailor made fences and can
be designed according to customer needs and site condition. The following diagram describes
the solar fencing system:

Gujarat Technological University [Type text] VVP Engineering College - Rajkot

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2.2 Advantages of fancing

a. Human and Animal safety

The electric shock is completely safe and non-lethal for human and animals. The animal /
human touching the fence will keep himself away from the fence. As current is pulsating (not
live) and passing at every 1 to 1.2 second and only for amilli-second (1000th of second) of
time,the animal gets enough time to get away from the fence. The pulsating current will not
grab the animal which generally happens in continuous current which causes contraction of
muscles / cramps and prevent the animal from moving away from the fence leading to
electrocution. In solar fencing, even if an animal is trapped in the fence, after 10 consecutive
shocks the system will trip and hooter will sound so that farmer can intervene and no death
causes. Further, the wire used in the fencing is plain (not barbed wire) the animals will not be
trapped in the fence. Further, on touching the fence by any animal a hooter will sound to alert
the farmer so that human intervention can be made to free the animal. A warning board is
placed at 10 m interval to caution the human about power fencing. If someone cuts the fence
wire a security alarm will sound to alert the farmer for intervention. Two alarms are provided
to ensure sounding of alarms in case one is failed. Before installing the system on its farm, Dr.
YSPUHF, Nauni, Solan had obtained a certificate from Medical College, Bangalore to the effect
that the shock from solar fencing is safe. All the safety features need to insisted from the
company installing the fencing. Certificates from competent authority regarding human/
animal safety of energizer may be insisted from the executing company.

b. Lower cost
Electric fencing requires less set-up and material than conventional fences (barbed or woven
wire). Animals are less likely to damage the electric fence as they usually don’t touch it more
than once which reduces maintenance. It is important to invest in quality components for
fewer maintenance problems and greater fence life-expectancy, increasing value for money

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CHAPTER: 3
ZATKA MACHINE
AND FANCING

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3.1 FENCING ON FIELD

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3.2 ZATKA MACHINE

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