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CHP 17
CHP 17
CHAPTER 17
As the path difference is an odd multiple of /2, there will be a dark fringe at point P0.
21. a) Since, there is a phase difference of between direct light and
reflecting light, the intensity just above the mirror will be zero. Screen
S1
b) Here, 2d = equivalent slit separation
D = Distance between slit and screen.
y 2d
We know for bright fringe, x = = n 2d
D
But as there is a phase reversal of /2.
y 2d y 2d D S2
+ = n = n – y = D
D 2 D 2 4d
17.3
2 n d 2 10 3 0.5 10 3 2 2
n = 10 6 m 103 nm
(2n 1) D 2n 1 0.5 (2n 1) (2n 1)
If n = 1, 1 = (2/3) 1000 = 667 nm
If n = 1, 2 = (2/5) 1000 = 400 nm
So, the light waves of wavelengths 400 nm and 667 nm will be absent from the out coming light.
b) For strong intensity (bright fringes) at the hole
nnD y d
yn = n n
d nD
yn d 10 3 0.5 10 3
When, n = 1, 1 = = 10 6 m 1000nm .
D 0.5
1000 nm is not present in the range 400 nm – 700 nm
y d
Again, where n = 2, 2 = n = 500 nm
2D
So, the only wavelength which will have strong intensity is 500 nm.
26. From the diagram, it can be seen that at point O.
Path difference = (AB + BO) – (AC + CO)
= 2(AB – AC) [Since, AB = BO and AC = CO] = 2( d2 D2 D)
P
For dark fringe, path difference should be odd multiple of /2.
B x
So, 2( d2 D2 D) = (2n + 1)(/2)
d
d2 D2 = D + (2n + 1) /4 C O
2 2 2 2 2 A
D + d = D + (2n+1) /16 + (2n + 1) D/2
2 2 D D
Neglecting, (2n+1) /16, as it is very small
D
We get, d = (2n 1)
2
D
For minimum ‘d’, putting n = 0 dmin = .
2
17.4
2 2 2 2 D
n (X + D ) = 4D = X = 4 n2
n
st
when n = 1, x = 3D (1 order)
n = 2, x = 0 (2nd order)
When X = 3 D, at P there will be maximum intensity.
29. As shown in the figure,
2 2 2
(S1P) = (PX) + (S1X) …(1)
(S2P) = (PX) + (S2X)2
2 2
…(2) P
From (1) and (2),
2 2 2 2
(S1P) – (S2P) = (S1X) – (S2X) R
= (1.5 + R cos )2 – (R cos – 15 )2 S1 1.5 O S2 x
= 6 R cos
6R cos
(S1P – S2P) = = 3 cos .
2R
For constructive interference,
2
(S1P – S2P) = x = 3 cos = n
cos = n/3 = cos–1(n/3), where n = 0, 1, 2, ….
= 0°, 48.2°, 70.5°, 90° and similar points in other quadrants.
30. a) As shown in the figure, BP0 – AP0 = /3 C
2 2
(D d ) D / 3 d
B
2 2 2 2
D + d = D + ( / 9) + (2D)/3 d
2
d= (2D) / 3 (neglecting the term /9 as it is very small) A
P0
x D
b) To find the intensity at P0, we have to consider the interference of light
waves coming from all the three slits.
Here, CP0 – AP0 = D2 4d2 D
17.5
1/ 2
8 D 8
= D2 D D 1 D
3 3D
= D 1 8
3D 2
...... D 4
3
[using binomial expansion]
So, the corresponding phase difference between waves from C and A is,
2x 2 4 8 2 2
c = 2 …(1)
3 3 3 3
2x 2
Again, B = …(2)
3 3
So, it can be said that light from B and C are in same phase as they have some phase difference
with respect to A.
So, R = (2r)2 r 2 2 2r r cos(2 / 3) (using vector method)
2 2 2
= 4r r 2r 3r
IP0 K( 3r )2 3Kr 2 3I
As, the resulting amplitude is 3 times, the intensity will be three times the intensity due to individual slits.
–3 –7 2
31. Given that, d = 2 mm = 2 10 m, = 600 nm = 6 10 m, Imax = 0.20 W/m , D = 2m
For the point, y = 0.5 cm
yd 0.5 10 2 2 10 3
We know, path difference = x = = 5 10–6 m
D 2
So, the corresponding phase difference is,
2x 2 5 10 6 50 2 2
= 16 =
6 10 7 3 3 3
So, the amplitude of the resulting wave at the point y = 0.5 cm is,
A= r 2 r 2 2r 2 cos(2 / 3) r 2 r 2 r 2 = r
I A2
Since, [since, maximum amplitude = 2r]
Imax (2r)2
I A2 r2
2 2
0.2 4r 4r
0.2 2
I 0.05 W/m .
4
I 1
32. i) When intensity is half the maximum
Imax 2
4a2 cos2 ( / 2) 1
4a2 2
cos2 ( / 2) 1/ 2 cos( / 2) 1/ 2
/2 = /4 = /2
Path difference, x = /4
y = xD/d = D/4d
I 1
ii) When intensity is 1/4th of the maximum
Imax 4
4a2 cos2 ( / 2) 1
2
4a 4
2
cos ( / 2) 1/ 4 cos( / 2) 1/ 2
/2 = /3 = 2/3
Path difference, x = /3
y = xD/d = D/3d
17.6
At S4, intensity at S4 = 0 I2 = 0
At P, path difference = 0 Phase difference = 0. d P
O z
I = I1 + I2 + I1I2 cos 0° = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 Intensity at P = 0.
S2
D S4
b) Given that, when z = D/2d, intensity at P = I D
Here, OS3 = OS4 = y = D/4d
2x 2 yd 2 D d
= . [Since, x = path difference = yd/D]
D 4d D 2
Let, intensity at S3 and S4 = I
At P, phase difference = 0
So, I + I + 2I cos 0° = I.
4I = I I = 1/4.
17.7
17.8
620 10 4 20 10 2 –9 –6
R = 1.22 = 1891 10 = 1.9 10 m
8 10 2
–6
So, diameter = 2R = 3.8 10 m
17.9