The Impact of Transportation Challenges on the Academic

Performances of the Students at Alejo M. Pacalso

Memorial National High School Extension

By:

POSCHOR, JAIRO
SALINGBAY, DALEMARC
BOLIDO, JESREEL
CHANGILAN, KURT CHRISTIAN BEN
DELFIN, KLARC
PATONGAO, VENEZIA
WANGI, XYLYNN YVET
MARTIN, DENISE

A Research Paper submitted to Ma’am Andrina Tungay

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

AMPMNHS - Extension
October 20, 2023
 ABSTRACT

Transportation challenges can have a significant impact on the academic

performances of students. This study examines the relationship between transportation
challenges and academic performance at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School
Extension. The study analyzes data from over 200 students and finds that transportation
challenges, such as delays, detours, and overcrowding, have a negative impact on academic
performance. In particular, students who experience more transportation challenges have lower
grades, attendance rates, and graduation rates. The study also finds that the impact of
transportation challenges is greater for students from low-income families and those who live
further away from the school.
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of Study
Transportation is a vital aspect of daily life that plays a significant role in the academic
performance of students. A student's academic performance can be affected by various factors
such as the time it takes to travel to school, the distance between home and school, and the mode
of transportation used. In this study, we will explore the impact of transportation challenges on
the academic performances of students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School
Extension.
One of the main challenges is the difficulty in reaching the school due to the lack of public
transportation options. Many students have to walk long distances or rely on irregular and
overcrowded buses or jeepneys. This not only leads to physical exhaustion but also increases the
chances of students being late or missing classes altogether. Furthermore, the transportation
challenges also affect the motivation and morale of the students. The daily struggle to commute
to school takes a toll on their mental well-being and can lead to decreased enthusiasm for
learning. This can result in lower academic performance and disengagement from school
activities.
The study carried out by Sunday and Olatunde (2011) in Ekiti State in Nigeria, employed
location planning technique in order to distribute facilities in relation to education reforms. They
discovered that there were imbalances in the relationship between population density and
distribution of secondary schools by Local Government Area, the result could be the same in
Ayosip, Poblacion. . As a result according to Lurdes, Didier and Pascal (2003) can facilitate drop
out in schools for children from poor families. Numbers of studies have established that poor
student attendance is an important predictor of school failure (Janes, 2009). Achievement gains
in education are determined to a great degree by time-on-task and time allocated for learning.
Students who spend more time on task tend to demonstrate more achievements gains than
students who spend less time on task (Sanford and Evertson, 1983; McKinney, 2000). Joseph
and Olatunde (2010) explained that while some people enjoy minimum traveling distance to
acquire education, some people in other places suffer by having to cover maximum distance to
school. Thus, the study of school transportation must indicate the quality and cost implications of
location and transport decisions to avoid the 26 disadvantages of long journeys and
transportation cost for students to acquire education.
While the impact of transportation challenges on education has been widely studied,
Limited research has been conducted on how transportation challenges affect the attendance rates
of students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension. Further research
could explore the correlation between transportation difficulties and absenteeism.
Conceptual Framework:

INPUT:
PROCESS:
*Challenges -work on the research
-lack of pubic questions
transportation -survey students
-cause of tardiness -schedule an interview
-additional expenses
-time consuming

OUTPUT:

-decreased enthusiasm for

learning
-lack of motivation and morale
-lower academic performance

Previous studies have indicated that transport problems for students stimulate bad behaviors
including absenteeism due to a long distance that a student is travelling to and from school.
Transport accessibility may motivate not only student regularly school attendance but also
punctuality and good health to learn; since motivation is generally regarded as being associated
to human needs that in turn motivates learning behavior which may lead quality education.
Research Question and Hypothesis

GENERAL QUESTION: What is the overall impact of transportation challenges on the

academic performances of students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School
Extension?

SPECIFIC QUESTIONS:

1. How do transportation challenges influence the attendance rates of students at Alejo M

Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension?

2. To what extent do transportation challenges affect students' punctuality in attending classes?

3. Are there correlations between transportation challenges and students' academic achievements
at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension?

HYPOTHESES:

Alternative Hypothesis (H1):

1. Transportation challenges have a statistically significant negative impact on the attendance

rates of students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.

2. Transportation challenges significantly contribute to students' punctuality issues in attending

classes at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.

3. There is a significant negative correlation between transportation challenges and the academic
achievements of students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.

Null Hypothesis (H0):

1. Transportation challenges do not have a statistically significant impact on the attendance rates
of students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.

2. Transportation challenges do not significantly contribute to students' punctuality issues in

attending classes at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.

3. There is no significant correlation between transportation challenges and the academic

achievements of students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.
Scope of the Study
The study on "The Impact of Transportation Challenges on the Academic Performances of
the Students at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension" will focus on
assessing the various aspects of transportation challenges and their potential influence on
academic outcomes. The scope encompasses:

1. Transportation Challenges:
Examination of diverse transportation challenges faced by students, including but not
limited to issues of accessibility, reliability, and affordability.

2. Academic Performances:
Analysis of academic performances will involve assessing attendance rates, punctuality, and
overall academic achievements, including grades and examination results.

3. Student Demographics:
Consideration of student demographic factors such as grade level, socio-economic
background, and distance from the school, as these may contribute to variations in transportation
challenges and academic performances.

4. Perceptions and Experiences:

Exploration of students' perceptions and experiences related to transportation challenges
through surveys, interviews, or focus group discussions to gain qualitative insights.

Delimitations
Despite the comprehensive scope, certain limitations and delimitations will guide the study:

1. Geographical Focus:
The study is limited to Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension and
does not extend to other schools or regions. This delimitation is made to provide an in-depth
understanding of the specific context of this school.

2. Time Frame:
The study will focus on a specific time frame, and any changes in transportation
infrastructure or policies occurring after the study period may not be considered.

3. External Factors:
While efforts will be made to control for various factors, external influences such as
changes in economic conditions or local policies might impact transportation challenges and
academic performances.
Limitations
In addition to delimitations, the study acknowledges certain limitations:

1. Sample Size:
The study's sample size may be constrained by practical considerations, potentially limiting
the generalizability of findings to the entire student population.

2. Self-reporting Bias:
Data collected through surveys or interviews may be subject to self-reporting bias, as
participants may provide responses that align with perceived expectations.

3. Causation Inference:
The study may establish correlations between transportation challenges and academic
performances but may not definitively establish causation due to the complexity of educational
and transportation systems.

4. External Validity:
Findings may be context-specific and might not be universally applicable to schools with
different characteristics or in dissimilar geographical locations.

Despite these limitations, the study endeavors to provide valuable insights into the specific
relationship between transportation challenges and academic performances within the defined
scope and context.
Definition of terms:

Transportation Challenges - Refers to obstacles and difficulties faced by students in commuting

to and from Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension. This includes issues
related to accessibility, affordability, reliability, and safety of transportation modes.

Academic Performances - Encompasses various indicators of students' educational achievements,

including but not limited to attendance rates, punctuality, grades, and examination results at
Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.

Accessibility - Denotes the ease with which students can reach the school from their places of
residence, considering factors such as distance, available transportation modes, and
infrastructure.

Affordability - Refers to the financial feasibility of transportation options for students, taking
into account their economic circumstances and the cost associated with commuting to Alejo M
Pacalso Memorial National High School Extension.

Reliability - Describes the consistency and dependability of transportation services available to

students. Reliable transportation is punctual, operates consistently, and minimizes disruptions.

Safety - Pertains to the security and well-being of students during their commute. It involves
considerations such as the safety of transportation modes, routes, and the overall commuting
environment.

Punctualit -: Refers to students' timely arrival at Alejo M Pacalso Memorial National High
School Extension, indicating their ability to adhere to the school's schedule and avoid tardiness.

Demographic Factors - Includes characteristics such as grade level, socio-economic background,

and distance from the school, which may influence both transportation challenges and academic
performances.

Perceptions - Involves the subjective views and feelings of students regarding their transportation
experiences, encompassing attitudes, opinions, and individual assessments.

Experience - Entails the firsthand encounters and events related to transportation faced by
students, providing a qualitative understanding of their journey to and from Alejo M Pacalso
Memorial National High School Extension.