Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition Perry Test Bank

Western Civilization A Brief History
Volume I 11th Edition Perry Test Bank

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/western-civilization-a-brief-history-volume-i-11th-edition-perry-test-bank/
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 10—Intellectual Transformation: The Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
1. Which of the following wrote, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?
a. Locke
b. Hobbes
c. Adam Smith
d. Beccaria
e. Voltaire
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 251
Laissez-Faire Economics
2. Who published The Social Contract?

a. Locke
b. Hobbes
c. Diderot
d. Rousseau
e. Adam Smith
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 247
Rousseau
3. The first successful encyclopedia was published by

a. Denis Diderot.
b. Ephraim Chambers.
c. Chevalier Ramsay.
d. Jean d'Alembert.
e. Voltaire.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 249
Freedom of Conscience and Thought
4. Rousseau's Emile was written about

a. political reforms.
b. slavery.
c. prison reforms.
d. economic reforms.
e. educational reforms.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 248
Epistemology, Psychology, and Education
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1

Name: Class: Date:
5. What was the general thinking of the philosophes in regard to gender?
a. Nature had created equality in regard to gender.
b. Female genius adds to her family and household.
c. Most retained a traditional view in the inferiority of women.
d. Women should strive to improve her mind and appearance.
e. Female emancipation was a natural law.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 251
Humanitarianism
6. Medieval thinkers constructed a coherent picture of the universe that blended the theories of which of the following
ancient Greeks?
a. Aristotle and Ptolemy
b. Plato and Socrates
c. Ptolemy and Socrates
d. Aristotle and Socrates
e. Strabo and Galen
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 231
The Medieval View of the Universe
7. The new model put forth by Copernicus and Galileo that believed that the planets orbited the sun was known as
a. heliocentric model.
b. geocentric model.
c. epicenter model.
d. mathematical model.
e. epicycle model.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 233
Nicolaus Copernicus: The Dethronement of the Earth
8. Modern astronomy began with ____, a Polish astronomer, mathematician, and church canon.
a. Bruno
b. Kepler
c. Brahe
d. Galileo
e. Copernicus
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 233
Name: Class: Date:
9. The element of the American political system that aligns most with Montesquieu is
a. its election of officials by the people.
b. its Constitution established a Supreme Court
c. the core of American political power lies with the executive, legislative and judicial departments.
d. it is based on human rights and natural law.
e. a people have the right to overthrow a despotic government
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 246
Montesquieu
10. Which of the following refused to publish his work due to his concern that it would spark controversy?
a. Copernicus
b. Galileo
c. Kepler
d. Brahe
e. Bruno
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 233
11. Which political thinker would generally support a benevolent dictator?

a. Rousseau
b. Hobbes
c. Locke
d. Montesquieu
e. Thomas Paine
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 245
Seventeenth-Century Antecedents: Hobbes and Locke
12. Which of the following systematically observed the planets and stars and recorded their positions with far greater
accuracy than had ever been done?
a. Copernicus
b. Kepler
c. Brahe
d. Galileo
e. Descartes
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:
REFERENCES: p. 235
Johannes Kepler: Laws of Planetary Motion
13. Copernicus' model of the universe was published in

a. the Almagest.
b. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
c. Heliocentrism and the Heavens
d. On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
e. the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 233
14. The climax of the Scientific Revolution rests with the work of
a. Galileo.
b. Newton.
c. Kepler.
d. Brahe.
e. Copernicus
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 236
The Newtonian Synthesis
15. Achievements of Kepler include proving that

a. orbits of planets are elliptical.
b. planets circle around the sun.
c. planets move at different speeds.
d. there is a mathematical relationship between the time it takes a planet to complete its orbit of the sun and its
average distance from the sun.
e. Each of these was proven by Kepler.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 235
16. Which of the following discovered the three basic laws of planetary motion?
a. Copernicus
b. Kepler
c. Brahe
d. Galileo
e. Newton
ANSWER: b
Name: Class: Date:
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 235
17. It was natural that the Enlightenment would grow directly from the Scientific Revolution because of all of the
following EXCEPT
a. the knowledge of nature was expanded.
b. laws that guided the natural world also are applied to the social world.
c. society's defects are examined according to study and experimentation?
d. deism had separated the spiritual and earthly worlds.
e. religion, government, law, morality and economics be reevaluated according to natural law?
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 242-243
The Age of Enlightenment: Affirmation of Reason and Freedom
18. Who developed the theory of universal gravitation?

a. Kepler
b. Newton
c. Galileo
d. Brahe
e. Copernicus
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 237
19. Which of the following established the inductive method of science?

a. Newton
b. Galileo
c. Bacon
d. Kepler
e. Copernicus
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 238
Frances Bacon: The Inductive Method
20. Who said, "I think therefore I am"?

a. Trismegistus
b. Descartes
c. Galen
d. Atwood
e. Newton
Name: Class: Date:
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 238
Rene Descartes: The Deductive Method
21. ____ argued that passages from the Bible had no authority in questions involving nature.
a. Galen
b. Copernicus
c. Harvey
d. Paracelsus
e. Galileo
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 235
Attack on Authority
22. Which of the following ended the medieval division of the cosmos into higher and lower worlds with different laws
operating in each realm?
a. Aristotelian physics
b. Ptolemaic physics
c. The geocentric theory
d. Newtonian physics
e. The epicycle theory
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 237
23. Of the following, who expressed the most interest in using science to advance trade, industry, and the condition in
which human beings live?
a. Galileo
b. Bacon
c. Toland
d. Harvey
e. Descartes
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 238
Frances Bacon: The Inductive Method
24. Which French mathematician and philosopher is regarded as the founder of modern philosophy?
a. Bacon
b. Descartes
c. Bruno
Name: Class: Date:
d. Newton
e. Brahe
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 238
25. ____ searched for an absolute truth that could serve as the first principle of knowledge.
a. Galen
b. Paracelsus
c. Descartes
d. Boyle
e. Bruno
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 238
26. Which of the following was a recognized leader of the French Enlightenment?
a. Voltaire
b. Hobbes
c. Locke
d. Paine
e. Beccaria
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 243
Christainity Assailed: The Search for a Natural Religion
27. Voltaire attributed many of the ills of French society to which of the following?
a. Muslim extremists
b. The clergy
c. The deists
d. The atheists
e. Established Christianity
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 243
Christianity Assailed: The Search for a Natural Religion
28. That "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains" was the stirring pronouncement of
a. Rousseau.
b. Frederick II.
c. Diderot.
Name: Class: Date:
d. Jefferson.
e. Voltaire.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 247
Rousseau
29. Who wrote the Leviathan?

a. Voltaire
b. Beccaria
c. Diderot
d. Hume
e. Hobbes
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 245
30. The philosophes' concern for liberty did not lead them to embrace democracy with the notable exception of
a. Voltaire.
b. Rousseau.
c. Locke.
d. Paine.
e. Diderot.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 247
Rousseau
31. Which of the following statements about Mary Wollstonecraft is correct?

a. Wollstonecraft's work was remarkable because she had little contact with well-known Enlightenment thinkers.
b. Although hardly mainstream Enlightenment thought, Wollstonecraft's writings grew from circulating
arguments on liberty and rights.
c. Wollstonecraft successfully argued for women's suffrage.
d. Wollstonecraft's work was remarkable both because she had little contact with well-known Enlightenment
thinkers and Wollstonecraft defended not only women, but principles of human rights in general.
e. Wollstonecraft accepted the position of women without question.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 251
32. Enlightenment philosophes generally approved of Thomas Hobbes's

a. advocacy of absolutist monarchy.
Name: Class: Date:
b. contract theory of government.
c. refusal to bring God into his political theories.
d. Deism.
e. outlook on education.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 245
Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
33. salons
ANSWER: Answer not provided.
POINTS: 1
34. Diderot
POINTS: 1
35. John Locke

POINTS: 1
36. Montesquieu
POINTS: 1
37. Inductive Approach

POINTS: 1
38. Thomas Hobbes

POINTS: 1
39. Jean Jacques Rousseau

POINTS: 1
40. Adam Smith

POINTS: 1
41. Mary Wollstonecraft

Name: Class: Date:
POINTS: 1
42. Candide
POINTS: 1
43. enlightened despotism

POINTS: 1
44. Cesare Beccaria

POINTS: 1
45. "the century of genius"

POINTS: 1
46. Johannes Kepler

POINTS: 1
47. Nicolaus Copernicus

POINTS: 1
48. Aristotelian-Ptolemaic System

POINTS: 1
49. Galileo
POINTS: 1
50. William Harvey

POINTS: 1
51. Encyclopedia
POINTS: 1
52. Discourse on Method


Name: Class: Date:
POINTS: 1
53. elliptical
POINTS: 1
54. the Congregation of the Index

POINTS: 1
55. "I think, therefore I am."

POINTS: 1
56. experimental physics

POINTS: 1
57. Platonic ideas

POINTS: 1
58. universal gravitation

POINTS: 1
59. epicycles
POINTS: 1
60. Deism
POINTS: 1
61. heliocentric theory

POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:
Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
62. On a blank map of Europe, locate the following areas where there was considerable Enlightenment disputation: Paris,
Berlin, Moscow, Budapest, London, and the Hague.
POINTS: 1
63. Show the widespread nature of the Scientific Revolution by locating on a map of Europe some areas where significant
achievements occurred. List the place and the achievement.
POINTS: 1
64. On a blank map of Europe, show where the following individuals worked: Isaac Newton, Tycho Brahe, Galileo
Galilei, Nicholas Copernicus, and René Descartes.
POINTS: 1
65. Which characteristics of the philosophes illustrate a new way of looking at the world? List three major philosophes
and comment upon their major contributions.
POINTS: 1
66. How did the philosophes view the place and role of women in society?
POINTS: 1

Name: Class: Date:
67. Compare the ideas of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau about the manner in which the state
was formed. What was the relationship of the citizen to the state according to each of these men?
POINTS: 1
68. Discuss why capitalists could find a champion in Adam Smith. Would Adam Smith have wanted to be such a
champion? Can some issues that interested Adam Smith have a relationship to contemporary ones?
POINTS: 1
69. In what ways was the Enlightenment a threat to the old regimes in Europe?
POINTS: 1
70. Explain how Enlightenment ideas, in breaking with the medieval worldview, had an impact on the modern intellectual
perspective.
POINTS: 1
71. How did the new scientific approach to nature raise some concerns among the Roman Catholic hierarchy? How would
you typify their response?
POINTS: 1
72. Discuss the relationships of both Copernicus and Galileo to the Roman Church.
POINTS: 1
73. Central to the practice of modern science is the experimental method of investigation and testing scientific theories.
Who were some of the pioneers of experimental method in the Scientific Revolution and what were their achievements?
POINTS: 1
74. How did the Scientific Revolution cause a reorientation in Western thought?
POINTS: 1
75. Discuss the contributions of Montesquieu to modern political theory.

POINTS: 1
76. All of the following were examples of enlightened despots except

a. Catherine the Great
b. Maria Theresa
c. Louis XVI
d. Charles III
Name: Class: Date:
e. Frederick the Great
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 253
Enlightened Despotism
77. Laissez-Faire is best defined as

a. governments should not interfere with the market
b. all is fair in love and war
c. democracy is the best form of government
d. courts should treat all citizens equally
e. childhood should be unrestrained
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 251
Laissez-Faire Economics
78. Which thinker wrote Candide

a. Rousseau
b. Locke
c. Diderot
d. Voltaire
e. Hobbes
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 250
79. In his work On Crimes and Punishments, Beccaria wrote of torture

a. that it suited religious critics
b. that it was inhuman and fit for cannibals
c. that it was necessary for the security of the state
d. that it should only be used in emergencies
e. that it was part of human nature
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 250
Humanitarianism
80. All of the following are true of the Encyclopedia except

a. it was condemned as a threat to royal authority
b. it included the works of over 150 writers
c. it was attacked by Pope Clement XIII
d. it finally completed in 1772
Name: Class: Date:
e. all of these choices are correct
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 249
81. ______________ wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding.

a. Locke
b. Hobbes
c. Hume
d. Bacon
e. Smith
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 248
82. Which enlightenment thinker argued that humans are born with a mind that was a blank slate?
a. Descartes
b. Hume
c. Rousseau
d. Locke
e. Hobbes
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 248
83. Who wrote that people are "born neither good nor wicked; education, example, the government into which he is
thrown....determines him to virtue or vice."?
a. Rousseau
b. Diderot
c. Hume
d. Voltaire
e. Hobbes
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 248
Social and Economic Thought
84. Hobbes and Locke would have both agreed that

a. humans were rational by nature
b. humans are essential good
c. absolute monarchy protects people from our own selfish impulses
Name: Class: Date:
d. governments exist in order to ensure security
e. humans are antisocial
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 245
85. Deists would have most agreed with which statement

a. there is no God.
b. religion had nothing teach society
c. the essence of religion is morality
d. God had existed but had died
e. God interceded in the universe to restore energy in the cosmos
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 244
Christianity Assailed: The Search for a Natural Religion
86. Why did many Philosophes reject democracy and prefer an enlighted despot?
POINTS: 1

Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition Perry Test Bank

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition Perry Test Bank

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Western Civilization A Brief History

Volume I 11th Edition Perry Test Bank

2. Who published The Social Contract?

3. The first successful encyclopedia was published by

4. Rousseau's Emile was written about

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1

11. Which political thinker would generally support a benevolent dictator?

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3

13. Copernicus' model of the universe was published in

15. Achievements of Kepler include proving that

18. Who developed the theory of universal gravitation?

19. Which of the following established the inductive method of science?

20. Who said, "I think therefore I am"?

29. Who wrote the Leviathan?

31. Which of the following statements about Mary Wollstonecraft is correct?

32. Enlightenment philosophes generally approved of Thomas Hobbes's

35. John Locke

37. Inductive Approach

38. Thomas Hobbes

39. Jean Jacques Rousseau

40. Adam Smith

41. Mary Wollstonecraft

43. enlightened despotism

44. Cesare Beccaria

45. "the century of genius"

46. Johannes Kepler

47. Nicolaus Copernicus

48. Aristotelian-Ptolemaic System

50. William Harvey

52. Discourse on Method

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 10

54. the Congregation of the Index

55. "I think, therefore I am."

56. experimental physics

57. Platonic ideas

58. universal gravitation

61. heliocentric theory

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12

75. Discuss the contributions of Montesquieu to modern political theory.

76. All of the following were examples of enlightened despots except

77. Laissez-Faire is best defined as

78. Which thinker wrote Candide

79. In his work On Crimes and Punishments, Beccaria wrote of torture

80. All of the following are true of the Encyclopedia except

81. ______________ wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding.

84. Hobbes and Locke would have both agreed that

85. Deists would have most agreed with which statement

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 16

You might also like