副詞子句

副詞子句的功能
• 副詞子句之功能相當廣泛，表達以下概念：
• 時間、伴隨發生 (contingency) 、地點、條件、
讓步 (concession) 、對比、例外、理由、目的、類比
(similarity and comparison)、比例、偏好、註解

• 副詞子句的種類與可能性相當之多，在我們學中文的時候，其實
是透過無數的照樣造句學會的。
• 因為…所以…
• 一…就…
• 如果…
• 雖然…可是…
副詞子句的構成
• 由一從屬連接詞或介係詞連接一子句。
• I met an old friend while I was walking down the street.
• I met an old friend while walking down the street.
• He left before you came.
• Whether right or wrong, the decision is made.

• 由無限動詞子句，甚至省略主詞與動詞之子句直接構成之副詞子句。
• Walking down the street, I met an old friend.
• Right or wrong, the decision is made.

• 有些連接詞表達一個抽象的概念，故我們將會常常看到同一連接詞
在不同句子中表達不同的意思。
副詞子句的標點
• 副詞子句可置於句首或句尾，置於句首時需在副詞子句後加逗號，
而置於句尾時則不需逗號。
• （Ｏ）When he opened the door, the smoke came in.
• （Ｏ）The smoke came in when he opened the door.
• （Ｘ）The smoke came in. When he opened the door.
時間副詞子句
• 表達時間主要子句與副詞子句之事物之先後順序。

• 表達之前的連接詞：
• until, till, before
• 表達同時的連接詞：
• as, as long as, so long as, while, whilst
• when, whenever, now that
• 表達之後的連接詞：
• after, as soon as, once, since, when, whenever, now that
• （英）directly, immediately
伴隨發生之副詞子句
• 表達時間、地點、抽象概念上，經常、反覆伴隨發生之事物。
• 連接詞：
• when/whenever
• Let us know when/whenever it is necessary.
• once
• Once you catch a cold, you need to rest.
• where/wherever
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Wherever there is a rule, there is an exception.
• if
• If it is possible, do your best.
地方副詞子句
• 表達位置、或方位。
• 連接詞：
• where（特定地點）
• I’ll go where you want me to go.
• wherever（不特定地點）
• I’ll go wherever you go.
條件副詞子句
• 表達以下意思：
• 主要子句所敘述的事情會伴隨其條件發生。主要子句所敘述的事情
確實有可能會發生。
• 其條件不曾也不會發生，故主要子句所敘述的事情不曾也不會發生。
• 表達委婉、對用詞或內容的不確定性、間接請求或提議。
• 常見的連接詞：
• if, unless
• 次常見的連接詞：
• as long as, so long as, assuming (that), given (that), in case, in
the event that, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that),
supposing (that), just so (that)（非正式）
• 其餘如伴隨發生的連接詞、與一些時間連接詞都帶有條件的意思。
• 前二用法有時亦被統稱為假設語氣。
條件副詞子句
• unless 為反面的 if，表示除非的意思。
• I’ll take a break if I am tired.
• I won’t take a break unless I am tired.

• if 可加上 only 表示此條件為唯一條件。

only 放句首時須將助動詞提前。
• I’ll take a break only if I am tired.
• Only if I am tired will I take a break.
條件副詞子句
• 主要子句所敘述的事情會伴隨其條件發生。
• If you turn right on the next intersection, you will see a movie
theater.
• Unless you turn right on the next intersection, you will not see
a movie theater.
• If it is not raining, we will go out.

• 其條件不曾也不會發生，故主要子句所敘述的事情不曾也不會發生。
• If it were not raining, we would go out.
• If it had not been raining, we would have gone out.

• 這個部分就是所謂的假設語氣，未來的投影片內會再做詳細說明。
條件副詞子句
• 表達委婉、對用詞或內容的不確定性、間接請求或提議。
• If I may say so, I don’t think your application is going be
approved.
• Getting the task done in time is impossible, if you know what
I mean.
• If I understand the class policy correctly, we can turn in
homework late.
• If you are going to the post office, drop off this package for me.
• If you are thirsty, I’ll get you a cup of water.
條件副詞子句
• in case (that), in the event that 表示說者認為發生機會不大。
in the event that 較為正式。
• Please let me know in case (that) you have any questions.
• Please let me know in the event that you have any questions.
讓步副詞子句
• 表達結果與預料相反，有時結合條件。

• 表達與預料或常理推理相反之連接詞：
• although, though（非正式）, even though, when, whereas,
while, whilst
• 帶有條件意思者之連接詞：
• even if, whether…or, wh-ever
讓步副詞子句
• 表達與預料或常理推理相反之連接詞：
• although, though 最為廣用。
• Although/Though it was raining, we went out.
• even though 的 even 強調 though。
• Even though it was raining, we went out.
• while/whereas 亦用在表示對比的副詞子句。
• My sister is rich, while I am poor.
讓步副詞子句
• 帶有條件意思之連接詞：
• even if 表示不管條件為何，主要子句都會或曾發生。帶有條件
的意思。
• Even if it rains, we will go out.
• if 時常連接無動詞子句。
• The new camera is as good as the old one, if not better.
• whether…or
• Whether you agree or not, the decision is made.
• wh-ever
• Whatever I do, I can’t prevent it from happening.
對比副詞子句
• 表達兩件類似，但有不同之處的事情。

• 表示對比之連接詞：
• while, whereas, whilst（英）
• Tom is rich, while Mary is poor.
• Tom is rich, whereas Mary is poor.
例外副詞子句
• 表達主要子句所描述的事情的例外。

• 常見連接詞為：
• but that（正式）, except (that)
• 少見連接詞為：
• excepting (that), save that（正式）

• except (that), excepting (that), save (that) 用法相似

• I will tell you the truth, except I know nothing about it.
• but that 之主要子句必須在其前，且為否定句。
• I will not tell you anything but that I am permitted.
理由副詞子句
• 表達因果關係。

• 常見者連接詞為：
• because, ‘cause（口語）, since
• 其餘連接詞為：
• as, for（正式）
• seeing (that), as long as, with, now (that), in that, inasmuch as
（非正式）
理由副詞子句
• because/’cause 描述理由
• I drank some water because/’cause I was thirsty.

• since, seeing that, as long as 表達一個事實作為理由。

• Since it is raining, I’m not going.

• now that 表示 because now

• Now that I graduated, I’m looking for a job.

• with 接名詞子句
• With the weather being so bad, I decided not to go.
理由副詞子句
• in that 除說明理由，亦結合觀點。
• English is useful in that there is a great deal of knowledge
written in English.

• as/for 表示理由
• I didn’t go to school as I was sick.
• I didn’t go to school for I was sick.
目的副詞子句
• 表達主要子句的目的。

• 接不定詞子句之連接詞：
• in order to, so as to
• I went to Japan in order to learn Japanese.
• 接有限子句之連接詞：
• so that, so, in order that 主要子句需加助動詞。
• I went to Japan so that I can learn Japanese.
• 表達負面目的之連接詞：
• so as not to, in order not to, in order that…not, for fear that
• I started to do my homework for fear that I will not finish in time.
目的副詞子句
• 接不定詞子句者經常直接使用不定子句表達目的。
• I went to Japan (in order) to learn Japanese.
• 有時亦可使用介係詞 for 表達目的
• He stopped to buy a drink.
• He stopped for a drink.
• be used for 與 be used to 的差異：
• be used for 表示一般狀況。
• A knife was used for cutting fruit.
• be used to 表示某特定事件。
• The knife was used to cut the fruit you gave me.
• be used to 亦有習慣的意思，這邊的 to 是一個介係詞。
• I am used to sleeping late.
結果副詞子句
• 表達主要子句造成的結果。
• 表示結果之連接詞：
• so that（正式）, so

• 目的與副詞子句與結果差別在：
• 目的副詞子句接有限子句時都會使用助動詞。
• Everyone did well on the exam so that the teacher would
be happy.
• 結果目的子句則接有限子句。
• Everyone did well on the exam, so (that) the teacher was happy.
類比副詞子句
• 將主要子句之事物用其副詞子句類比說明。
• 表示「猶如」之連接詞：
• as, like（非正式）
• I cleaned the floor as you did
• （？）I cleaned the floor like you did.
• as if, as though
• She talked to me as if we knew each other for a long time.
• She talked to me as though we knew each other for a long time.
比例副詞子句
• 表達主要子句的程度隨著其副詞子句正比或反比地改變。
• 表達比例之連接詞：
• as …, (so)
• As I became older, (so) I understood more about life.
• the…, the
• The older I became, the more I understood about life.
理由副詞子句
• 為什麼 Because I was sick, so I didn’t go to school. 是錯的？
偏好副詞子句
• 表達寧願…也不的意思。
• 表達偏好之連接詞：
• rather than
• Rather than you help me, I’d do it myself.
• sooner than
• I’d go home sooner than stay at the office.
• 注意：rather than, sooner than 其後接原形動詞子句。

• 助動詞 would 加上 rather 表達一樣的意思。

• I would rather do it myself than you help me.
• I would sooner go home than stay at the office.
註解副詞子句
• 註解副詞子句主要分為四種
• 一個完整而缺少受詞的子句，以其主要子句為受詞。表達自己
的肯定程度與態度。
• Their food is the best, I believe, in this city.
• What is the best choice, I wonder?
• 以 as 連接子句，猶如一修飾主要子句之關係子句。
• Their food is the best, as you said.
• 由 wh-名詞子句表示
• What is more surprising, he dropped out of school.
• 利用不定詞或是分詞表示語氣。
• To be honest, I don’t think you will fail.
• Frankly speaking, I don’t think you will pass.
參考資料
• Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and using English
rammar, Third Edition, 2006, Longman
• Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar,
First Edition, 1996, Oxford University Press
• Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the
English Language, 1985, Longman Group Limited