MAINTENANCE OF AN

ORCHARD OR PLANTATION
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

WEED CONTROL

- Weed control can be classified into four main

categories:
- Mechanical
- Competitive
- Biological
- Chemical
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

WEED CONTROL

1. Mechanical
- Pulling by hand
- Hoeing
- Cultivation
- Mowing
- Burning
- Tillers (animals, tractors)
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

WEED CONTROL

2. Competitive
The control of weeds by competitive means
is possible in some circumstances and where
practical and less expensive alternative. Weeds
are minimal because germinating weeds tends to
succumb by competition.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

WEED CONTROL

3. Biological
- the use of plants and animals to control the
growth of unwanted plants
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

WEED CONTROL

4. Chemical
involves chemicals called herbicides

for certain characteristics

- chemical structure
- selectivity
- contact or translocated herbicides
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

FERTILIZER OR NUTRIENT APPLICATION

achieved by proper timing and rate of

application, gives assurance of better yield.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

WATER MANAGEMENT

- better control of soil moisture

- attempts to maximize the proper use of water

through controlled and even application

- reduced water loss

 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

TWO SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION

1. Gravity – a system of irrigation that requires to

direct the water to a stream.

2. Pumping – a system of irrigation that uses a pump

to draw water either by a nearby
stream or a ground water supply.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

1. Surface Irrigation – the water is applied on the

surface of the soil either in furrows or by
flooding. This is the most economical method
of irrigation.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

2. Sprinkler Or Overhead Irrigation – water is

applied in the form of spray or artificial rain.
This method uses water efficiently and the
operation is flexible.

3. Drip Irrigation – water is applied through pipes at

calibrated pressures.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

PRUNING

1. Heading Back – cutting back the terminal portion

of the plant
- development of lateral buds usually directly
below the cut

2. Thinning Out – the complete removal of the

branch
- suppresses the development of future
lateral buds into branches
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

PRUNING TOOLS and their USES

1. Hand pruner. For cutting small branches with a

maximum size about that of a pencil.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

PRUNING TOOLS and their USES

2. Lopping Shears. To remove branches from pencil

size up to 3.8 cm.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

PRUNING TOOLS and their USES

3. Prunning Saw. For branches that exceed 3.8 cm

in diameter.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

PRUNING TOOLS and their USES

4. Head Shears. For trimming hedges and certain

evergreens.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

1. Prune as little as possible

- avoid over pruning
- remove unproductive branches
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

2. Prune with a purpose

a. Restore proper balance between root and top
growth at the time of transplanting
b. To remove injured or dead parts
c. To improve production, i.e., flowers, fruits
or timber
d. To control size and attain the desired
appearance
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

2. Prune with a purpose

e. To improve or decrease shade, whichever is
desired
f. To allow certain plants more growing space by
thinning out other plants, e.g. timber
production
g. To rejuvenate old plants.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

3. Control Size
- the yield per plant are compensated by the
increase in number of plants per unit area so that
the total yield for the whole area remains the
same.
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

4. Developing a Strong and Open Framework

- the following should be removed:
a. inward growing branches
b. downward growing branches
c. Dropping branches
d. Shoots growing at right angles to the
main branch
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

5. Improve productivity
- pruning will induce the formation of more
bearing surfaces or branches
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

6. Making pruning cuts

- there is no stub or projecting end of the cut
- cut should be smooth and so a sharp tool is
necessary
- use proper tools in cutting
- pruned surface should be coated with some
substance
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

GENERAL RULES in PRUNING

7. Time of pruning
- prune at the time of growth
- pruning should be done after the flowering
and fruiting season
- prune at the time of full growth
 MAINTENANCE OF AN ORCHARD OR PLANTATION

END….