Calculus - Lec. 05

‫‪Applications of Differentiation‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪L’HÔPITAL Rule‬‬
‫ده قانون الهدف منه أستخدام الــ ‪ differentiation‬في حل مسائل الـ‪limit‬‬
‫)𝒙(𝒇‬ ‫)𝒙(‪𝒇′‬‬
‫𝐦𝐢𝐥‬ ‫𝐦𝐢𝐥 =‬
‫)𝒙(𝒈 𝒂→𝒙‬ ‫)𝒙(‪𝒙→𝒂 𝒈′‬‬
‫ح نعمل األول تعويض مباشر بالــ"‪ "a‬لو طلع ‪ Defined value‬يبقي هو ده‬ ‫الحل ‪...‬‬
‫الناتج ‪ ..‬ما طلعش ‪ ...‬وطلع ‪ Undefined value‬زي ده‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪, 0 ∞ , ∞ − ∞ , ∞0 , 1∞ , 00‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫∞‬
‫ح نعمل ‪ differentiation‬للفوق وإاللي تحت ‪ ..‬ونعوض تاني لحد ما يطلع ‪... Defined value‬‬
‫طبعا الزم الكالم ده يتعمل في حالة القسمة فقط‬
‫‪Ex. 01‬‬
‫𝟖 ‪𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 −‬‬
‫𝟐 𝐦𝐢𝐥‬
‫𝟐 ‪𝒙→𝟐 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙 −‬‬
‫‪Answer.‬‬
‫‪𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪lim 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜𝐻 ‪𝐿′‬‬
‫‪𝑥→2 3𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2𝑥 + 2 2(2) + 2 6‬‬
‫‪lim‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪𝑥→2 6𝑥 − 5‬‬ ‫‪6(2) − 5 7‬‬
Applications of Differentiation
24
Ex. 02
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟕
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟑 √𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝟐
Answer.
𝑥 3 − 27 0
lim = 𝐿′𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→3 √𝑥 +1−2 0
3𝑥 2 3(3)2
lim = = 108
𝑥→3 1 1
2√𝑥 + 1 2 (2 )
Ex. 03
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟓𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟖𝒙
Answer.
tan 5𝑥 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝒙→0 sin 8𝑥 0
2
5 sec 5𝑥 5
lim =
𝒙→0 8 cos 8𝑥 8
Ex. 04
√𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟑𝒙) − √𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝟑𝒙)
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝟖𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟓𝒙)
Answer.
√1 + tan(3𝑥 ) − √1 − tan(3𝑥 ) 0
lim = 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 8𝑥 + sin(5𝑥 ) 0
1 1
(3 sec 2 (3𝑥 )) − (−3 sec 2 (3𝑥 ))
2√1 + tan(3𝑥 ) 2√1 − tan(3𝑥 )
= lim
𝑥→0 8 + 5cos(5𝑥 )
25
3 3
− (− )
=2 2 = 3
8+5 13
Ex. 05
𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟖𝒙
Answer.
1 − cos 4𝑥 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝒙→0 1 − cos 8𝑥 0
4sin 4𝑥 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝒙→0 8sin 8𝑥 0
16 cos 4𝑥 1
lim =
𝒙→0 64 cos 8𝑥 4
Ex. 06
𝐥𝐧(𝟏 + 𝒙)
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
Answer.
ln(1 + 𝑥 ) 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
1
lim 1 + 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→0 1
Ex. 07
𝟒𝒙 − 𝐥𝐧(𝟏 + 𝟒𝒙)
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝟔𝒙𝟐
Answer.
4𝑥 − ln(1 + 4𝑥 ) 0
𝑥→0 6𝑥 2 0
26
1
4− (4)
= lim 1 + 4𝑥
𝑥→0 12𝑥
4 + 16𝑥 − 4
= lim 1 + 4𝑥
𝑥→0 12𝑥
4 4
= lim =
𝑥→0 3(1 + 4𝑥 ) 3
Ex. 08
𝒙 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
Answer.
𝑥 − tan 𝑥 0 ′
lim = 𝐿 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0
1 − sec 2 𝑥 0 ′
= lim = 𝑙 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥 0
− 2sec 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥
1 sin 𝑥
−2
= lim cos2 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥
−2
= lim = −2
𝑥→0 cos 3 𝑥
Ex. 09
𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
Answer.
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 − 2𝑥 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0
𝑥 −𝑥
𝑒 +𝑒 −2 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥 0
27
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 0
𝑥 −𝑥
𝑒 +𝑒 1+1
lim = =2
𝑥→0 cos 𝑥 1
Ex. 10
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡−𝟏 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
Answer.
sinh−1 𝑥 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
1
( 2
)
lim √1 + 𝑥 =1
𝑥→0 1
Ex. 11
𝟏
𝟏+𝒙 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝐥𝐧 ( )
𝒙→𝟎 𝟏−𝒙
Answer.
1
1+𝑥 𝑥
lim ln ( ) = 1∞
𝑥→0 1−𝑥
1 1+𝑥
lim ln ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥 1−𝑥
ln(1 + 𝑥 ) − ln(1 − 𝑥 )
lim L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑥
1 1
− (−1)
lim 1 + 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 =2
𝑥→0 1
Ex. 12
𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒙)
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒆𝟑𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏
28
Answer.
1 − cos(2𝑥 ) 0
lim 3𝑥 = 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 𝑒 − 3𝑥 − 1 0
2 sin(2𝑥 ) 0
= lim 3𝑥 = 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 3𝑒 −3 0
4 cos(2𝑥 ) 4
= lim =
𝑥→0 9𝑒 3𝑥 9
Ex. 13
𝟏 𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( − )
𝒙→𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒙
Answer.
1 1
lim ( − )=∞−∞
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 − sin 𝑥
lim L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑥 sin 𝑥
1 − cos 𝑥 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 0
sin 𝑥
lim = 𝑍𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑥→0 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥 ) + cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
Ex. 14
𝟒𝒙 − 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙
Answer.
4𝑥 − 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 3𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 0
4 − 2𝑒 − 2𝑒 −2𝑥 0 ′
2𝑥
= lim = 𝐿 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 3 − 3 cos 3𝑥 0
2𝑥 −2𝑥
−4𝑒 + 4𝑒 0
= lim = 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 9 sin 3𝑥 0
2𝑥 −2𝑥
−8𝑒 − 8𝑒 16
= lim =−
𝑥→0 27 cos 3𝑥 27
29
Ex. 15
𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
Answer.
𝑥 sin 𝑥 0
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥 0
𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 0
−𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
lim =2
𝑥→0 cos 𝑥
Ex. 16
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
𝒙→𝟎
Answer.
lim 𝑥 ln 𝑥 = 0 ⋅ ∞
𝑥→0
ln 𝑥
= lim ( ) 𝐿′𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 𝑥 −1
1
= lim 𝑥−2
𝑥→0 −𝑥
= lim (−𝑥) = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑥→0
Ex. 17
𝝅
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝝅
(𝒙 − ) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝒙→ 𝟐
𝟐
Answer.
𝜋
lim𝜋 (𝑥 − ) tan 𝑥 = 0 ⋅ ∞
𝑥→ 2 2
𝜋
(𝑥 − 2 )
= lim𝜋 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→ cot 𝑥
2
30
1 1
= lim𝜋 2𝑥
= − 𝜋 = −1
𝑥→ 2 − csc csc 2
2
Ex. 18
√𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − √𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
Answer.
√1 + sin 𝑥 − √1 − sin 𝑥 0
lim = 𝐿′𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
1 1
⋅ cos 𝑥 − (− cos 𝑥)
1 + sin 𝑥 1 − sin 𝑥
= lim √ √ =2
𝑥→0 1
Ex. 19
𝐥𝐧(𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎+ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
Answer.
ln(𝑒 𝑥 − 1) −∞
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0+ ln 𝑥 −∞
1 𝑥
𝑒 𝑥−1⋅𝑒
= lim
𝑥→0 1
𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 0
= lim 𝑥 = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑒 − 1 0
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 𝑒𝑥
= lim (𝑥 + 1) = 1
𝑥→0
Ex. 20
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 √𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒 − 𝟐
31
Answer.
tan 2𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 √3𝑥 + 4 − 2 0
2 sec 2 2𝑥 8
lim =
1
(3) 3
𝑥→0
2√3𝑥 + 4
Ex. 21
𝐞𝟒𝐱 − 𝟒 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝟓 − 𝟓𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒙)
Answer.
e4x − 4 tan 𝑥 − 1 0 ′
𝑥→0 5 − 5cos(2𝑥 ) 0
4e4x − 4 sec 2 𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 10 sin(2𝑥 ) 0
16e4x − 8 sec 2 𝑥 tan 𝑥 4
= lim =
𝑥→0 20 cos(2𝑥 ) 5
Ex. 22
𝟏 + 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝟐𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟓𝒙
Answer.
1 + 3x 2 − cos2 2𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 𝑥 tan 5𝑥 0
6x + 2 sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 (2) 0 ′
𝑥→0 5𝑥 sec 2 5𝑥 + tan 5𝑥 0
6 + 4(−2 sin 2𝑥 + 2 cos 2 2𝑥 )
2
8
= lim =
𝑥→0 5𝑥 ⋅ 2 sec 2 (5𝑥 ) tan(5𝑥) + 5 sec 2 5𝑥 + 5 sec 2 5𝑥 10
Ex. 23
𝒙 + 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
Answer.
32
𝑥 + 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0 ′
𝒙→0 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0
1 − 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 2
= lim = =2
𝒙→0 − sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 1
Ex. 24
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝒙 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟓𝒙
Answer.
cos 4𝑥 − cos 6𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 𝑥 2 + sin2 5𝑥 0
−4 sin 4𝑥 + 6 sin 6𝑥 0
𝑥→0 2𝑥 + 2 sin 5𝑥 cos 5𝑥 (5) 0
−16 cos 4𝑥 + 36 cos 6𝑥 5
= lim =
𝑥→0 2 + 10(−sin2 5𝑥 (5) + cos 2 5𝑥 (5)) 13
Ex. 25
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝝅
𝒙→ 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
Answer.
sec 𝑥 ∞
lim𝜋 = L′Hopital
𝑥→ 1 + tan 𝑥
2
∞
sec 𝑥 ⋅ tan 𝑥
= lim𝜋
𝑥→ 2 sec 2 𝑥
= lim𝜋 sin 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→
2
Ex. 26
𝒙
√𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝟏 − 𝟐
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙𝟐
Answer.
𝑥
√𝑥 + 1 − 1 − 2 0
lim = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 𝑥2 0
33
1 1
−
2 𝑥+1 2 0
= lim √ = L′ Hopital
𝑥→0 2𝑥 0
1
(𝑥 + 1)−2 − 1
= lim
𝑥→0 4𝑥
1 3
−2
− (𝑥 + 1) 1
= lim 2 =−
𝑥→0 4 8
Ex. 27
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙𝟑
Answer.
sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 0
lim 3
= 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
cos 𝑥 − 1 0
= lim 2
= 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 3x 0
sin 𝑥 0
𝑥→0 6x 0
cos 𝑥 1
= lim =
𝑥→0 6 6
Ex. 28
𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝝅
𝒙→ 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒙
Answer.
1 − sin 𝑥 0 ′
lim𝜋 = 𝐿 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→ 2 1 + cos 2𝑥 0
cos 𝑥 0
= lim𝜋 = 𝐿′𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→ 2 sin 2𝑥 0
2
− sin 𝑥 1
= lim𝜋 =
𝑥→ 4 cos 2𝑥
2
4
Ex. 29
34
𝐥𝐢𝐦[𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙]
𝒙→𝟎
Answer.
lim [csc 𝑥 − cot 𝑥 ] = ∞ − ∞
𝑥→0
1 cos 𝑥
= lim [ − ]
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
1 − cos 𝑥
= lim 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥
sin 𝑥 0
= lim = =0
𝑥→0 cos 𝑥 1
Ex. 30
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙𝟑
Answer.
tan 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 𝑥3 0
2
sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 3𝑥 2 0
2
2 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 0 ′
𝑥→0 6𝑥 0
2 2 2
2 sec 𝑥 ⋅ sec 𝑥 + 4 sec 𝑥 ⋅ tan 𝑥 ⋅ tan 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 1
= lim =
𝑥→0 6 2
35
‫ إللي بتكون علي الشكل ده‬LIMIT‫في مسائل الـــ‬ ... ‫خلي بالك‬
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒙→𝒂 [𝒖(𝒙)]𝒗(𝒙)
‫ وفي نهاية الحل‬.. lim (ln 𝑦) ‫في الحالة ده ح نخلي )𝑥(𝑣]) 𝑥(𝑢[ = 𝑦 وبعدين ناخد 𝑛𝑙 الطرفين ونحسب‬
... ln ‫ناخد 𝑒 عشان نخلص من‬
Ex. 31
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝝅
(𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙)𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒙→ 𝟐
Answer.
lim𝜋(tan 𝑥 )cos 𝑥 = ∞0
𝑥→ 2
Let 𝑦 = (tan 𝑥 )cos 𝑥 , then ln 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ⋅ ln tan 𝑥
lim ln 𝑦 = lim𝜋(cos 𝑥 ⋅ ln(tan 𝑥 ))

𝜋
𝑥→ 𝑥→
2 2
ln(tan 𝑥 )
= lim𝜋 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→ 2 sec 𝑥
1
⋅ sec 2 𝑥
= lim𝜋 tan 𝑥
𝑥→ sec 𝑥 ⋅ tan 𝑥
2
sec 𝑥
= lim𝜋
𝑥→ 2 tan2 𝑥
cos 𝑥 0
= lim𝜋 = =0
𝑥→ 2 sin2 𝑥 12
Hence,
lim𝜋(tan 𝑥 )cos 𝑥 = 𝑒 0 = 1
𝑥→ 2
36
Ex. 32
𝟑
𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) 𝒙
𝐥𝐧
𝒙→𝟎
Answer.
3
lim (sin 𝑥 )ln 𝑥 = 00
𝑥→0
3
3 3(sin 𝑥)
Let 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥 )ln 𝑥 , then ln 𝑦 = ln sin 𝑥 =
ln 𝑥 ln 𝑥
3 ln(sin 𝑥 )
lim ln 𝑦 = lim 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 ln 𝑥
1
⋅ cos 𝑥
= 3lim sin 𝑥
𝑥→0 1
𝑥
𝑥 ⋅ cos 𝑥 0
= 3lim = 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 0
𝑥 ⋅ (− sin 𝑥 ) + cos 𝑥 (1)
= 3lim =3
𝑥→0 cos 𝑥
3
lim (sin 𝑥 )ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 3
𝑥→0
Ex. 33
𝟏
𝟐 𝒙
𝒙 +𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( )
𝒙→∞ 𝒙 + 𝟏
Answer.
1
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 1 𝑥 2 +1
Let 𝑦 = ( ) . Hence, ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln ( 𝑥+1 )
𝑥+1
ln(𝑥 2 + 1) − ln(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥
2𝑥 1
2 −
𝑥+1
= lim 𝑥 + 1 =
𝑥→∞ 1
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 1
= lim 2 = 𝑍𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑥→∞ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)
37
1
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥
Hence, lim ( ) = 𝑒0 = 1
𝑥→∞ 𝑥+1
Ex. 34
𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝝅
(𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝒙→ 𝟐
Answer.
ln(1+cos 𝑥)
Set (1 + cos 𝑥 )tan 𝑥 = 𝑦 → ln 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 ln(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) =
cot 𝑥
Hence,
ln(1 + cos 𝑥 ) ′
lim𝜋 ln 𝑦 = lim𝜋 𝐿 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→ 𝑥→ cot 𝑥
2 2
1
(− sin 𝑥 )
= lim𝜋 1 + cos 𝑥
𝑥→ − csc 2 𝑥
2
sin3 𝑥
= lim𝜋 =1
𝑥→ 1 + cos 𝑥
2
Ex. 35
𝟐 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟏 − )
𝒙→∞ 𝒙
Answer.
2 𝑥
lim (1 − ) = 1∞
𝑥→∞ 𝑥
2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2
Let 𝑦 = (1 − ) , then ln 𝑦 = ln (1 − ) = 𝑥 ln (1 − )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2
lim ln 𝑦 = lim 𝑥 ln (1 − )
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥
38
𝑥−2
= lim 𝑥 ln ( )
𝑥→∞ 𝑥
ln(𝑥 − 2) − ln 𝑥
= lim 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 −1
1 1
−
= lim x − 2−2 𝑥
𝑥→∞ −𝑥
x − (x − 2)
(x − 2)x
= lim
𝑥→∞ −𝑥 −2
−2x ∞
𝑥→∞ (x − 2) ∞
−2
= lim = −2
𝑥→∞ 1
Hence,
2 𝑥
lim (1 − ) = 𝑒 −2
𝑥→∞ 𝑥
Ex. 36
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( )
𝒙→∞ 𝒙 − 𝟏
Answer.
𝑥+2 𝑥
lim ( ) = 1∞
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 1
𝑥+2 𝑥 𝑥+2 𝑥
Let 𝑦 = ( ) , then ln 𝑦 = ln (𝑥−1 ) = 𝑥 (ln(𝑥 + 2) − ln(𝑥 − 1))
𝑥−1
ln(𝑥 + 2) − ln(𝑥 − 1)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 −1
1 1
−
= lim x + 2 −2
𝑥−1
𝑥→∞ −𝑥
39
(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 + 2)
−(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)
= lim
𝑥→∞ −𝑥 −2
3𝑥 2 ∞
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2 = 𝐿′ 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2 ∞
3
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 =3
𝑥→∞ 1 2
1+ − 2
𝑥 𝑥
Hence,
𝑥+2 𝑥
lim (
𝑥−1
) = 𝑒3
𝑥→∞
Ex. 37
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒙+𝟏
𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( )
𝒙→∞ 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒
Answer.
2𝑥 + 3 𝑥+1
lim ( ) = 1∞
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 + 4
2𝑥+3 𝑥+1
Let 𝑦 = ( ) , then
2𝑥+4
2𝑥 + 3 𝑥+1
ln 𝑦 = ln ( ) = (𝑥 + 1)(ln(2𝑥 + 3) − ln(2𝑥 + 4))
2𝑥 + 4
ln(2𝑥 + 3) − ln(2𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→∞ 𝑥→∞ (𝑥 + 1)−1
1 1
(2 ) − (2)
= lim 2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 4
𝑥→∞ −(𝑥 + 1)−2
2(2𝑥 + 4) − 2(2𝑥 + 3)
(2𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 4)
= lim
𝑥→∞ −(𝑥 + 1)−2
2
(2𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 4)
= lim
𝑥→∞ −(𝑥 + 1)−2
40
−2(𝑥 + 1)−2
= lim
𝑥→∞ (2𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 4)
−2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2 ∞
= lim = ÷ 𝑥2
𝑥→∞ 4𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 12 ∞
4 2
−2 − − 2 1
𝑥 𝑥
= lim =−
𝑥→∞ 14 12 2
4+ + 2
𝑥 𝑥
Hence,
2𝑥 + 3 𝑥+1 −
1
lim ( ) =𝑒 2
𝑥→∞ 2𝑥 + 4

Calculus - Lec. 05

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Calculus - Lec. 05

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‫‪Applications of Differentiation‬‬

‫‪𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

Let 𝑦 = (tan 𝑥 )cos 𝑥 , then ln 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ⋅ ln tan 𝑥

lim ln 𝑦 = lim𝜋(cos 𝑥 ⋅ ln(tan 𝑥 ))

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