Public administration

Welfare states means more government functions.

In three world countries , government involves in many sectors of social life-economic,cultural etc.

This is necessary for social economic leadership from government unlike west.

Public administration-public welfare.

Just as society has economic and political systems , public administration systems-system of
organization and action orientated- are too.
(more likely an instrument to realize the goals of the government)

Political systems
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Objectives
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Done by public administration
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As action parts.

Tracing through the times.

-Kautilya’s arthashashtra , mahabharata , ramayan contain insightful organization and working of

government.

-Aristotle’s politics , Machiavelli's the prince , contribute many ideas in this field.

-Not a long history , as a field of systematic study.

German scholars in western Europe.

Interested in academic inquiry.

Two systems
-anglo americans
-french

Anglo americans
Leonard white pointed out , “based on a deep-seated preference for self-government in local
communities, wide citizen participation,dispersion of authority, well-established responsibility of the
administrative system to the legislative body and the responsibility of officials to the ordinary civil
courts at the instance of the private courts”

In contrast , the french system

-formulated by napoleon has been , “ based on the concentration of executive power, on the
dominance of national over local authorities, on the professionalization of the public service and its
psychological separation from the body of citizens and on the responsibility of officials to a separate
set of administrative courts”.

Democratic and industrial change brought these two contrasting views to merge into a mixed view.
Started by Germans,
United states , keenly regulated to fulfill the need.
Target - better management of public affairs throughout scientific advancements.

Woodrow willson, anonymous article , 1887

Quoted - there should be a science of administration which shall seek to straighten the paths of
government, to make its business less business like, to strengthen and purify its organization and to
crown its duties with dutifulness.

Four interlinked indicators

-science of administration
-emphasis on the special nature of administration
-apparent predilection for private or business administration
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