1.3 Draw sketches showing the main components of an ICE.

[1 Mark]

1.4 What are the main functions of the following Systems? [2 Mark]
a. Cooling System
b. Lubrication System
c. Transmission System
d. Braking System
e. Steering System
a. Cooling System
● Removes excess heat from the engine.
● Maintains the engine operating temperature where it works most
efficiently.
● Brings the engine up to the right operating temperature ASAP.

b. Lubrication System
• Controlling Corrosion and Acids
• Handling Contaminants
• Reducing Engine Wear

c. Transmission System
● The purpose of the transmission or transaxle is to use gears of various sizes
to give the engine a mechanical advantage over the driving wheels.

d. Braking System
• Braking systems are essential for roadworthiness,
• And safe operation of a motor vehicle in road traffic conditions.

e. Steering System
• Turn the front wheels.
• In some cases, it also turns the rear wheels.
3.3 For Motronic engine management answer the following: [5 Marks]
i.How could Motronic System realise the value of excess-air factor λ

● The air/fuel mixture λ, which should be in a range extending

from λ = 0.75:1.3.

ii. List two methods for Air mass metering in a Motronic system
● · Hot Film
● · Hot wire
iii. What is the role and theory of operation of the injection valve?
Fig.2
Role:
The purpose of injection valves is to precisely inject the fuel
quantity calculated by the control unit in all engine operating
states.
Theory of Operation:
Injection valves are actuated electromagnetically.

Iv. Explain the role of the knock sensor in spark advance angle
settings.Fig.3
They are basically vibration sensors that detect the “Knock” in
case of uncontrolled combustion. It then converts the “Knock”
into an electric signal and sends it to the ECU.
The ECU then counteracts the “Knock” by adjusting the ignition
angle.

V. How a faulty pressure regulator will affect the injected amount

of fuel in the Motronic system. Fig.4
It will give off faulty readings to the ECU. This would cause an
incorrect amount of fuel injection.
 2.3 Fow a
4- stroke

engine has the following specs: [4 Marks]

No. of Cylinders = 4
Max Power = 100 [HP] at 4000 [rpm]
Max torque = 150 [N.m] at 2000 [rpm]
Answer the following:
a. What is the engine power at the max engine torque and what is the
engine torque at the max engine power?

b. How many times any inlet valve of the engine opens in one min at
the max engine power?
4 Strokes = 2 Revolutions = 1 Cycle
The inlet valve opens once per cycle.
Therefore, at maximum engine power:
Inlet Open = 4000/2 = 2000 (open/min)

c. How many cycles per hour does the engine at the max torque?
4 Strokes = 2 Revolutions = 1 Cycle
Therefore, at maximum torque:
Number of cycles / min = 2000/2 =1000 (cycle/min)
1000/60 = 16.3 cycles/hour

D. How many rpm does the flywheel do in case of max engine power?
4000 RPM
2.4 Calculate the fuel economy of the following vehicle once when it travels
at max engine power and at the max engine torque per 100 [km]: [2 Marks]
● Maximum power 77 [kW] at 400 [rpm]
● Engine Capacity 1900 [c.c]
● Air density = 1.22 [kg/m3]
● Gasoline Density = 840 [kg/m3]
● Stoichiometric Ratio A/F Ratio = 14.7:1
● Volumetric Efficiency = 0.8