Behaviorism

 Behaviorism deals with measurable, observable behavior.

 Behaviorist did not test for thinking because it was not
possible to measure those things at that time. For them,
control of behavior is in the environment (external), and
learning (conditioning) occurs when there is a change of
behavior.
Overview
Classical Conditioning. This involves association or
pairing of stimuli and involuntary behavior.
( Ivan Pavlov)

Overview
Operant Conditioning - this type of conditioning
involves voluntary behavior.
(B.F. Skinner)

Overview
Reinforcement increases behavior.
Positive Reinforcement - presented after a response,
strengthens the response like giving the child a reward.
Negative Reinforcement - when removed after a
response. Taking away or removing an upsetting
stimulus.

Overview
Punishment decreases behavior.
Positive Punishment - adding or giving something.
Negative Punishment - removing or taking away
something.

Overview
Cognitivism - is the acquisition of knowledge and
skill by mental or cognitive processes.

Overview
sensorimotor
Pre-operational Stage
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Overview
Adaptation Process in Learning Something New
Assimilation - new information to what is already known.
Accommodation - revising our existing schemas,
perceptions and understanding in order to incorporate new
information.
Equilibration - state when a child’s existing schemas can
explain what it can perceive around it.

Overview
Three-step process (Jerome Bruner)
Enactive - learn through movement
Iconic - learn through images or icons
Symbolic - learn through abstract symbols