Contents

• Laplacian Edge Detection

• Edge Linking and Boundary Detection

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References

• Gonzalez and Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education,3/E, (2008)

Ch-10
The images in the presentation are taken from slides of Gonzales and Woods
and different internet websites.

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Laplacian Edge Detection
Laplacian of a 2D function is a second derivative:
Laplacian is defined as follows: 2
f 2
f
f 2  2
2

x y

where the partial 1st order derivatives in the x and y directions are:
2 f
 f ( x  1, y )  f ( x  1, y )  2 f ( x , y )
 x
2

2 f
 f ( x , y  1)  f ( x , y  1)  2 f ( x , y )
 y
2

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Laplacian Operator
Laplacian of a 2D function is a second derivative:
Not used for edge detection as
1. It is highly sensitive to noise
2.It produces double edges and is unable to detect edge direction.

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Advanced Edge Detection Techniques
Previous techniques does not take in to account
• image noise and
• nature of edge

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Marr –Hildreth Edge Detector
Marr and Hildreth suggested that Edge Detectors must have 2 salient features
• differential operator (1st or 2nd order)
• Capable of detecting blurry as well as sharply focused fine detail

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Marr –Hildreth Edge Detector
Operator fulfilling these conditions is a filter

• is the Laplacian operator,

• G is the 2D Gaussian function,

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Marr –Hildreth Edge Detector

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Marr –Hildreth Edge Detector

This expression is called the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG)

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Laplacian of Gaussian

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Laplacian of Gaussian

Laplacian of Gaussian (or mexican hat) filter

• uses the gaussian for noise removal and
• Laplacian for edge detection

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Edge Linking and Boundary Detection
Pixels may not characterise edges completely
--due to noise,
--breaks in edges due to non uniform illumination
--other effects that introduce spurious discontinuities in intensity
values

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Edge Linking and Boundary Detection
1. Local processing

Two properties for establishing similarity of edge pixels

Strength of
magnitude
direction of the gradient vector

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Edge Linking and Boundary Detection
1.Local processing

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Edge Linking and Boundary Detection
2. Region
processing

a. Polygon
fitting

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Edge Linking and Boundary Detection
2. Region
processing

a. Polygon
fitting

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Edge Linking and Boundary Detection

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Conclusions
• LoG
• Edge Linking
Local
Region

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