Aircraft General Knowledge

Engines
Lesson 19: Gas Turbine Lubrication
The Oil System
• Reduces friction and wear.
• Most gas turbine oil systems are self-
contained and have their own oil tank.
• Oil is gathered by scavenge pumps and
returned through filters and coolers to the
oil reservoir.
Rolls Royce Example
Oil System Components

• A gear type pump draws oil through a coarse filter and

then a fine filter.
• Oil is then pumped to individual shaft bearings.
• Oil is sprayed through oil jets into the external gearbox.
• Larger capacity scavenge pumps collect the oil and return
it to the reservoir.
Oil System Components

• A fuel-cooled oil cooler (FCOC) or fuel oil heat exchanger

(FOHE) cools the oil and heats the fuel.
• Oil pressure is higher than fuel pressure
• In case of leakage, oil leaks into the fuel system
Oil Breather
Magnetic Chip Detector

•
Chip Detector Indicator
Labyrinth Seals
• Use high pressure bleed air for sealing. The oil inside them become very hot.

• Labyrinth seals use high pressure bleed air and a groove and thread system
to block any oil escape.

• Bearing housing pressure is controlled by venting the housing.

• Results in aerated oil which needs to be conditioned before it can be reused.

• Air is separated from the oil using a centrifugal breather.

Type of Gas Turbine Oil System
• Pressure relief valve system.

• Powerful pump provides oil pressure to the bearing chambers. The

pressure is controlled by a pressure relief valve.

• Works well for low bearing chamber pressure.

• Unsuitable for modern engines.

Type of Gas Turbine Oil System
• Full flow oil system.

• Oil flow and bearing housing pressures are directly

proportional to engine speed.

• Permits higher bearing pressures and ensures an optimum

flow at all engine speeds.
Gas Turbine Engine Oils
• Engine oil can experience -40ºC to 250ºC in
one flight.
• Low viscosity (thin) synthetic oils must be
used.
 Oil System Monitoring
• Oil temperature, pressure and quantity
displayed in the cockpit.
• An excessive pressure drop across the HP filter or
scavenge oil filter could indicate debris in the
system and an impending engine failure.
• If the main oil filter of a gas turbine engine becomes
clogged , oil to the main bearings is still assured ;
• a) if breather pressure in the main
compartments is increased to ensure positive
lubrication of the bearings.
• b) if a higher engine rpm is seected to increase
oil pressure.
• c) because fuel upstream of the oil filter will be
mixed with oil to allow easier passage throug the filter.
• d) because the oil filter bypass valve opens.
• In a gas turbine engine lubrication system , the
oil to fuel heat exchanger provides ;
• a) automatic controlled fuel heating by
engine oil to prevent icing in the fuel filter.
• b) fuel cooling to prevent vapour locking
interrupting the fuel supply to the nozzles.
• c) fuel heating as required whenever fuel
filter clogging is detected.
• d) oil cooling through thermal exchange
with the fuel.
• Labyrinth seals in the lubrication system of a gas
turbine engine are designed to provide a seal that is ;
• a) completely tight , allowing some axial
movement between rotating and static parts.
• b) completely tight , allowing no movement
between rotating and static parts.
• c) not completely tight , allowing only some radial
movement between rotating and static parts.
• d) not completely tight , allowing some
movement between rotating and static parts.
• The most important oil system instrument
indication during gas turbine engine start is
;
• a) oil pressure.
• b) oil temperature.
• c) oil filter clogged warning signal.
• d) ol quantity.
• Hydraulic fluid , entering the hydraulic
pump , is slightly pressurised to ;
• a) ensure sufficient pump output.
• b) prevent overheating of the pump.
• c) prevent vapour locking.
• d) prevent cavitation in the pump.
If it doesn’t seat correctly, oil
pressure can not increase
since oil is returned back to
reservoir continuously.

Eğer yuvasına tam

oturmazsa, basınçlı yağ
sürekli yağ deposuna geri
kaçar bu yüzden yağ
basıncı hep düşük kalır.
 After HP fuel pump, fuel
flows into the oil
reservoir through the
exchanger and oil level
rises!!!
Dikkat Tuzak:
Normalde yağ basıncu daha yüksek olduğu için yağ kaybı
olur ve yağ seviyesi düşer.
Ancak soruda eğer HP fuel pump tan sonra
takılırsa ne olur diye soruyor!!!
Expected rising time
30 seconds.
Hemen artmazsa
yetersiz yağlanma
sonucu yatak sarma
tehlikesi!!!
TANK KAPALI OLURSA İÇİNDE SICAK YAĞDAN DOLAYI YÜKSEK BASINÇ OLUŞUR.
SCAVENGE PUM YAĞI İTEMEZ!