Academic Word List (AWL)

雅思学术词汇表
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配套习题

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Sublist 1
* analyze [ˈænəlaiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释
* constitute [ˈkɔnstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建⽴, 制定选定, 任命
* establish [isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建⽴, 成⽴安置确定, 证实
* indicate [ˈindikeit] vt.标⽰, 指⽰, 指出象征; 表明或暗⽰…的可能性
* occur [əˈkə:] vi.发⽣; 举⾏; 存在被发现; 想到[起]
* role [rəul] n.作⽤, 职责⾓⾊
* approach [əˈprəutʃ] n.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, ⼊⼜, 途径⽅式, ⽅法 vt.接洽, 交涉; 着⼿处理 vt. &
vi.接近, ⾛近, 靠近
* context [ˈkɔntekst] n.背景, 环境上下⽂, 语境
* estimate [ˈestimeit] n.估计, 估价报价判断 vt. & vi.估计; 评价, 评估
* individual [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个⼈的独特的 n.个⼈⼈
* percent [pəˈsent] n.百分⽐,百分数
* section [ˈsekʃən] n.章节部分部门, 科截⾯, 剖⾯地区, 区
* area [ˈɛəriə] n.⾯积区域, 地区领域, ⽅⾯
* contract [kənˈtrækt] n.契约, 合同 vt.缔结; 订契约 vt. & vi.染上(恶习, 疾病等)缩⼩; 紧缩
* evident [ˈevidənt] adj.明显的, 明⽩的
* interpret [inˈtə:prit] vt.解释; 说明 vt. & vi.⼜译; 翻译
* period [ˈpiəriəd] n.(⼀段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点
* sector [ˈsektə] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形⾯
* assess [əˈses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定
* create [kriˈeit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产⽣
* export [eksˈpɔ:t] n.输出, 出⼜输出[出⼜]物 vt. & vi.出⼜, 输出
* involve [inˈvɔlv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉
* policy [ˈpɔləsi] n.政策, ⽅针策略, 精明的⾏为, 上策保险单
* significant [siɡˈnifikənt] adj.重要的, 重⼤的, 可观的有意义的, 有⽤意的意味深长的
* assume [əˈsju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取
* data [ˈdeitə] n.资料, 材料
* factor [ˈfæktə] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因⼦, 因数
* issue [ˈisju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发⾏物放出, 流出; 发出, 发⾏〈正〉结果, 结局 vi.冒出, 流出;
传出 vt.出版, 发⾏发表, 发布分配, 发给
* principle [ˈprinsəpl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义⼯作原理

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 * similar [ˈsimilə] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的
* authority [ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n.权⼒, 职权官⽅, 当局权威, 专家
* define [diˈfain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定
* finance [faiˈnæns] n.财政, ⾦融财源, 资⾦, 财务情况 vt.为…供给资⾦, 从事⾦融活动
* labour [ˈleibə] n.劳动, 努⼒; ⼯作劳⼯, ⼯⼈分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛 vi.劳动; 努⼒艰难⾏进
* proceed [prəˈsi:d] vi.前进; ⾏进进⾏; 继续下去
* source [sɔ:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源
* available [əˈveiləbl] adj.可⽤的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的
* derive [diˈraiv] vt. & vi.得到源于
* formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.准则, 原则公式, ⽅程式配⽅
* legal [ˈli:ɡəl] adj.法律上的; 合法的; 法定的
* process [ˈprəuses] n.过程, 进程⼯序, 制作法 vi.列队⾏进 vt.加⼯; 处理
* specific [spiˈsifik] adj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的, 特定的仅限于…的; 只发现于…的
n.特效药具体⽅⾯, 细节
* benefit [ˈbenifit] n.益处, 好处救济⾦, 保险⾦ vt. & vi.有益于, 得益
* distribute [disˈtribju:t] vt.分配, 分给散发; 散播; 分布
* function [ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能; 作⽤; 职责函数; 与另⼀事物有密切关系的事物社交集会 vi.⼯作, 运
⾏, 起作⽤
* legislate [ˈledʒisleit] vt. & vi.⽴法; 制定法律
* require [riˈkwaiə] vt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指⽰要求, 规定想要
* structure [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物 vt.组织; 安排; 构造; 制定
* concept [ˈkɔnsept] n.概念; 观念; 想法
* economy [iˈkɔnəmi] n.节约, 节省经济体制, 经济状况
* identify [aiˈdentifai] vt.认出, 识别⽀持, 同情 vt. & vi.等同于; 有关联
* major [ˈmeidʒə] adj.较⼤的; 主要的; 严重的 n.少校专业; 主修科⽬ vi.〈美〉主修, 专攻
* research [riˈsə:tʃ] n.研究; 探讨 vi.做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨 vt.从事…的研究, 为…⽽做研究
* theory [ˈθiəri] n.学说理论, 原理意见, 看法
* consist [kənˈsist] vi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于
* environment [inˈvaiərənmənt] n.环境, 周围状况, ⾃然环境
* income [ˈinkəm] n.收⼊, 所得, 收益
* method [ˈmeθəd] n.⽅法, 办法秩序, 条理
* respond [riˈspɔnd] vi.有反应; 有效果; 有影响 vt. & vi.回答; 回报; 响应
* vary [ˈvɛəri] vi.呈现不同 vt. & vi.(使)变化, 改变

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Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
contract legal period available similar analysis indicates research factor
economy
1. He did an _______________ of the way children learn language for his Master's thesis.
2. He was arrested for drunk driving because he had drunk more than the _______________ limit of
alcohol.
3. The culture of the United States is quite _______________ to that of Canada.
4. The Canadian _______________ is largely based on natural resources.
5. Environmental pollution seems to be an important _______________ in the increase in cancers all
over the world.
6.The apartment will be _______________ on June first.
7. The young popstar became famous while still in high school after winning a _______________ with a
major record label.
8. Your continued lateness for class _______________ to me that you are not really a very serious
student.
9. Living in Berlin during the _______________ when the Berlin Wall was torn down was an
unforgettable experience.
10. Some _______________ into second language learning suggests that oral fluency may increase with
moderate amounts of alcohol.

respond approached legislation financial environment benefit individual policy

source created
11. The government is offering more programs which _______________ low income families.
12. She _______________ her boss about getting a raise.
13. Celebrities generally receive so much fan mail that it is impossible to _______________ to each and
every letter personally.
14. Victoria is generally a safe and friendly _______________ for foreign students to study in.
15. My father's company has been experiencing some _______________ difficulties, so they are going to
have to lay off some staff.
16. Many people over the world are urging governments to pass _______________ limiting the
development of new cloning technologies.
17. In the past 5 years, this government has _______________ 15 new major parks in the province.
18. The refund _______________ at this store allows you to return items for a credit, but not for cash.
19. The main _______________ of jobs for teenagers in Victoria during the summertime is the tourist
industry.
20. Do you believe that _______________ rights are more important than the collective rights of society?

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data majority role interpretations establishment area formulating principles
conceptualize specifically
21. Very young children _______________ ideas of depth, height and size in different ways from adults.
22. Guatemala is the only country in the world where American Indians are a _______________.
23. The _______________ of a U.N. peacekeeping force was supposed to reduce the number of conflicts
internationally.
24. Varying _______________ of the Bible have resulted in the creation of many different religious
groups within Christianity.
25. Penelope is hoping to play the _______________ of the nurse in "Romeo and Juliet."
26. The oranguatan obviously spent a lot of time and effort _______________ his plan for escape from
the zoo.
27. This is the first time that a political party has done advertising _______________ aimed at minority
voters.
28. In April of 1978, Afghanistan's armed forces seized power, and established a government based on
Islamic _______________.
29. There is a large play _______________ for the children near the entrance to the housing complex.
30. Analysis of _______________ is a difficult and complicated process

function consist estimate method involves proceed structure assess define

section
31. We will use the first week of classes to _______________ your speaking ability.
32. The test will _______________ of a series of true or false questions and two essay questions.
33. Nick's job as a salesman _______________ a lot of travelling around the province.
34. The traditional family _______________ has undergone a great many changes in the last few
decades, due to the increase in the divorce rate.
35. The _______________ of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body.
36. The grammar notes appear in the back _______________ of the book.
37. His _______________ for the renovations to our house was $2,250.
38. Attention passengers on flight 514 to Honolulu. Please _______________ to gate 33 where your
plane is now boarding.
40. It can be quite difficult to clearly _______________ abstract ideas such as love or friendship.

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sector process derive evidence constitute assume issues identifies occur
theories
41. About 16% of Americans work in the manufacturing _______________.
42. Current _______________ trace our first human ancestor to Africa about 5 to 7 million years ago.
43. Bananas and coffee together _______________ almost 38% of Costa Rica's export earnings.
44. One can _______________ some important conclusions using the results of a proper set of
experiments.
45. He doesn't have enough _______________ to support his theories just yet.
46. Our response to the controversial social _______________ of our time will determine our future.
47. The music which the world _______________ with Argentina is the music of the tango.
48. It will take a least a month to _______________ your application for a visa.
49. Many people seem to _______________ that Canadians are just the same as Americans.
50. Earthquakes _______________ in the world about once every hour.

income percent contextualize exportation various distribution significantly

requirements labourer authorize
51. You have to _______________ the remark in the overall discussion to fully understand what was
meant.
52. I'm not allowed to _______________ any purchases. You'll have to talk to my boss.
53. The _______________ of raw logs to Asia and the U.S. continues to be one of this province's most
important industries.
54. Highly unequal income _______________ remains a serious problem in Brazil.
55. Denmark has the highest rate of _______________ tax in the world, at 68%.
56. Inflation has risen by less than 1 _______________ this year.
57. Obviously, one of the first _______________ to be a firefighter is that you be in excellent physical
shape.
58. Her English improved _______________ after she got a Canadian boyfriend.
59. He works as a _______________ on a roadbuilding crew for the city.
60. This restaurant has a wonderful buffet with dishes from _______________ countries.

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Sublist 2
* achieve [əˈtʃi:v] vt.取得, 获得实现, 达到, 完成
* community [kəˈmju:niti] n.社区, 社会, 团体⼤众, 公众共有, 共享
* design [diˈzain] n.图样, 设计图设计, 布局⽬的, 打算 vt.计划, 筹划 vt. & vi.设计, 绘制
* institute [ˈinstitju:t] n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院 vt.建⽴, 制定; 开始, 着⼿
* potential [pəˈtenʃəl] adj.潜在的, 有可能的 n.潜⼒, 潜势, 可能性
* restrict [risˈtrikt] vt.限制; 约束
* acquire [əˈkwaiə] vt.获得, 得到, 养成
* complex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj.由许多部分组成的, 复合的复杂的, 难懂的 n.综合体, 集合体〈⼼〉情
结, 夸⼤的情绪反应
* distinct [disˈtiŋkt] adj.截然不同的, 完全分开的清晰的, 明⽩的, 明显的
* invest [inˈvest] vt.授予 vt. & vi.投资; 花费
* previous [ˈpri:viəs] adj.先前的, 以前的过早的, 过急的
* secure [siˈkjuə] adj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的 vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得; 把…弄到⼿
* administer [ədˈministə] vt.管理, ⽀配给予执⾏, 实施
* compute [kəmˈpju:t] vt.计算, 估算
* element [ˈelimənt] n.(化学)元素成分, 要素, 原件⼀伙⼈基础, 纲要, 原理
* item [ˈaitəm] n.⼀项, ⼀件, ⼀条; 项⽬
* primary [ˈpraiməri] adj.⾸要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的
* seek [si:k] vi.企图; 试图 vt.请求, 征求; 求教 vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻
* affect [əˈfekt] vt.影响感动假装
* conclude [kənˈklu:d] vt.得出结论; 断定决定 vt. & vi.结束
* equate [iˈkweit] vt.认为某事物(与另⼀事物)相等或相仿
* journal [ˈdʒə:nl] n.杂志, 期刊⽇志, ⽇记
* purchase [ˈpə:tʃəs] n.购买, 购置买到的东西 vt.购买
* select [siˈlekt] adj.精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的 vt.选择; 挑选
* appropriate [əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的, 恰当的 vt.挪⽤; 占⽤; 盗⽤拨出(款项)
* conduct [kənˈdʌkt] n.举⽌, ⾏为管理(⽅式), 实施(⽅式) vt. & vi.引导, 带领, 担任指挥控制, 管理
传导
* evaluate [iˈvæljueit] vt.评价, 估计, 估价
* maintain [meinˈtein] vt.保持; 继续保养, 维护坚持; 主张供给; 赡养
* range [reindʒ] n.⼀系列变化幅度, 范围射程, 距离(⼭)脉 vi.变化 vt.排列

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 * site [sait] n.位置, 场所, 地点 vt.使坐落在; 设置
* aspect [ˈæspekt] n.⽅⾯⽅位, 朝向⾯貌, 模样, 神态
* consequent [ˈkɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发⽣的
* feature [ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征, 特⾊⾯貌, 相貌特写, 专题节⽬(电影的)正⽚, 故事⽚
* normal [ˈnɔ:məl] adj.正常的, 平常的正规的; 标准的
* region [ˈri:dʒən] n.地区; 地带; 区域; 范围
* strategy [ˈstrætidʒi] n.战略学, 兵法战略, 策略策略, 计谋
* assist [əˈsist] vt. & vi.帮助, 促进
* construct [kənˈstrʌkt] vt.修建, 建⽴构成, 组成
* final [ˈfainəl] adj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的 n.决赛(⼤学的)期终考试
* obtain [əbˈtein] vi.通⾏; 流⾏ vt.获得, 得到; 买到
* regulate [ˈreɡjuleit] vt.控制, 管理调整; 调节
* survey [səˈvei] n.调查 vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾
* category [ˈkætiɡəri] n.种类, 类别
* consume [kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽⼤吃, ⼤喝烧毁, 毁灭
* focus [ˈfəukəs] n.焦点, 焦距; 中⼼ vt. & vi.(使)集中, (使)聚集调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清
* participate [pɑ:ˈtisipeit] vt. & vi.参加, 参与
* relevant [ˈreləvənt] adj.有关的, 切题的
* text [tekst] n.正⽂, 本⽂原⽂, 全⽂教科书, 课本
* chapter [ˈtʃæptə] n.章, 回, 篇
* credit [ˈkredit] n.赊购; 赊购制度存款; 存款数额借款; 贷款赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳信任, 相信学分 vt.相
信, 信任把…记⼊贷⽅, 存⼊(账户)
* impact [ˈimpækt] n.影响, 作⽤冲击(⼒), 碰撞 vt. & vi.对某事物有影响
* perceive [pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解
* reside [riˈzaid] vi.居住; 定居
* tradition [trəˈdiʃən] n.传统惯例
* commission [kəˈmiʃən] n.授权, 委托委员会佣⾦, 回扣 vt.委任, 委托
* culture [ˈkʌltʃə] n.⽂化休养, 教养, 精神⽂明养殖, 培养, 栽培 vt.培植, 培养
* injure [ˈindʒə] vt.伤害, 损害
* positive [ˈpɔzitiv] adj.确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信⼼和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉
〈电〉正的, 阳性的完全的; 纯粹的 n.〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量, 正数正⽚
* resource [riˈsɔ:s] n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、⽀持或安慰的事物才智; 机敏; 创造精神

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 * transfer [trænsˈfə:] n.转移; 转让; 转录中转, 换乘, 改变路线 vt.转让 vt. & vi.转移; 迁移

Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
achieve obtained computed instituted credit residents evaluated assist primary
site
1. He _______________ a final mark of just over 80%.
2. If I can _______________ you in any way, please let me know.
3. We have to give her a lot of _______________ for our success.
4. The government is looking for a _______________ on which to build a new school in this area.
5. The _______________ reason he has done so well at school is that he works incredibly hard.
6. Firemen had to evacuate the elderly _______________ of a local nursing home after smoke was seen
coming from one of the rooms.
7. If you want to _______________ real progress in your speaking skills, you need to speak English as
often as possible while you are here.
8. The English Program has _______________ many changes over the years in an attempt to provide an
increasingly better program.
9. The results of the poll have now been _______________, and will be distributed to the news media
this afternoon.
10. Every employee's work performance will be _______________ on a yearly basis.

categories invest strategies purchased concluded resources features acquire culture

participates
21. Malaysia's natural resources fall into three basic _______________: agricultural, mineral, and
energy.
22. Parrots, most famous of all talking birds, rarely _______________ a vocabulary of more than twenty
words.
23. The bacteria _______________ that we examined under the microscope was actually quite beautiful
to look at.
24. This company needs to _______________ in new machinery if it wants to survive.
25. Paul Nation has noted that the most successful second language students are those who use several
different vocabulary learning _______________.
26. The landscape of our planet is dominated by _______________ formed by running water.
27. The American Psychological Association has _______________ that viewing violence on TV
promotes aggressive behaviour in children.
28. Our company simply doesn't have the _______________ to take on a project of that size.
29. Everyone who _______________ in the run will receive a free T-shirt.
30. It is said that the island of Manhattan was _______________ from the native people of the area for
about $24 worth of goods.
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ranges survey administration conducted designer restrictions finalize perceive items
chapter
31. The local _______________ of Greenpeace is protesting against water pollution in our area.
32. The Nike swoosh was created by an American _______________ in 1971 for $35.
33. Male Siberian tigers have home _______________ extending up to 1,000 square kilometres.
34. The short-term memory capacity for most people is between five and nine _______________ or
numbers.
35. _______________ teams working in China have spent the past three years searching for signs of
giant pandas in the wild.
36. The _______________ has decided that the only way to cut costs is by reducing the number of
employees.
37. We hope to _______________ details of the agreement over the next couple of days.
38. The most important process in socialization is learning to _______________ one's acts from the
standpoint of other people.
39. _______________ on tobacco advertising and sponsorship are key parts of a global treaty being
organized by the World Health Organization to reduce smoking.
40. Only the most rigorously _______________ research can produce results which are truly meaningful.

commissioned journal distinct affected secure positive regions focus text

consequences
41. He broke the law, and now he has to face the _______________ of his actions.
42. The local government has _______________ a study to see if it is worth trying to save some of the
old historic buildings downtown.
43. Japan covers four _______________ climate zones, from the tropics of Okinawa to the snow country
of the far north.
44. The results of the experiment were published in an important chemistry _______________.
45. Her brother has just tested _______________ for AIDS, so she is very upset.
46. You are trying to do too many things at once. It would be better to just _______________ on one
thing in order to do it properly.
47. The professor's lecture just repeated what is written in our assigned _______________.
48. His job doesn't pay very well, but it is very _______________, so he doesn't really want to give it up.
49. The economy of Canada has been _______________ a great deal by the Asian economic crisis.
50. In some _______________ of Canada, winter lasts more than half the year.

10
consumes transferred aspect normal previous selected injury complex equated
relevant
51. Patricia Chan has been _______________ to represent this company at the New York conference.
52. Politics are too _______________ for me to understand, and I don't even know who to vote for.
53. Teaching students to have realistic expectations is an important _______________ of second
language instruction.
54. An adult grey whale _______________ about 1,100 kilograms of food per day.
55. Please ensure that you attach all the _______________ documents to your application.
56. The African continent is often _______________ with images of starving children, but many of the
people there live quite comfortably.
57. The original inhabitants of New Zealand, the Maori, _______________ their history down the
generations largely by word of mouth.
58. His knee _______________ prevented him from playing professional basketball.
59. Other than the fact that he was born with two heads, he is a fairly _______________ sort of guy.
60. On April 15th, 1865, American president Abraham Lincoln died after being shot in the head the
_______________ night

11
Sublist 3
* alternative [ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] adj.两者择⼀的, 供替代的不寻常的, ⾮传统性的⾮正统的 n.取舍, 抉择,
可供选择的事物选择的余地, 可供选择的机会
* convene [kənˈvi:n] vt. & vi.召开, 召集
* emphasis [ˈemfəsis] n.强调, 重点
* interact [ˌɪntərˈækt] vi.相互作⽤[影响], 互相配合
* philosophy [fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学⼈⽣哲学, ⼈⽣观达观
* sex [seks] n.性别; 性男性; ⼥性性关系性活动, 性⾏为
* circumstance [ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境, 条件, 情况境遇, 经济状况
* coordinate [kəuˈɔ:dineit] adj.同等的, 并列的 n.〈数〉坐标 vt.使协调; 使调和
* ensure [inˈʃuə] vt.确保, 担保担保获得[避免]
* justify [ˈdʒʌstifai] vt.证明…有理; 为…辩护
* physical [ˈfizikəl] adj.⾝体的, ⾁体的物质的⾃然规律的, 按⾃然法则的⾃然(界)的物理学的 n.⾝
体检查, 体格检查
* shift [ʃift] n.转换, 转变轮[换]班轮班⼯⼈计谋, ⼿段切换键 vi.快速⾏进 vt. & vi.改变, 变换, 转
移, 移动去掉; 摆脱掉换挡
* comment [ˈkɔment] n.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评 vt. & vi.评论; 谈论
* core [kɔ:] n.果核核⼼, 精髓, 要点
* exclude [iksˈklu:d] vt.排除; 不包括在内
* layer [ˈleiə] n.层, 层次
* proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n.均衡; 相称, 协调⼀物与他物在数量、⼤⼩等⽅⾯的关系; ⽐例部分;
份⼉
* specify [ˈspesifai] vt.详述指定
* compensate [ˈkɔmpenseit] vt. & vi.补偿, 报酬
* corporate [ˈkɔ:pərit] adj.社团的, 法⼈的
* framework [ˈfreimwə:k] n.构架; 结构
* link [liŋk] n.环, 联系, 纽带 vt. & vi.连接, 联系
* publish [ˈpʌbliʃ] vt. & vi.出版公布
* sufficient [səˈfiʃənt] adj.⾜够的; 充⾜的
* component [kəmˈpəunənt] n.成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件
* correspond [ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd] vi.相符合, 相⼀致相当, 相类似通信
* fund [fʌnd] n.基⾦, 专款现款; 资⾦储备, 蕴藏 vt.为…提供资⾦, 给…拨款

12
 * locate [ləuˈkeit] vt.找出, 指出(地点或位置) vt. & vi.(在…)设置, 坐落于
* react [riˈækt] vi.起反应; 有影响反对; 对抗
* task [tɑ:sk] n.⼯作; 任务; 差事
* consent [kənˈsent] n.准许, 同意, 赞成 vi.同意; 赞成
* criteria [kraɪˈtɪərɪə] n.标准
* illustrate [ˈiləstreit] vt.给…加插图说明, 阐明; 表明
* maximise [ˈmæksimaiz] vt.使(某事物)增⾄最⼤限度最⼤限度地利⽤(某事物)
* register [ˈredʒistə] n.登记(表), 注册(簿)记录器暖⽓, 调风器 vt. & vi.记录; 登记; 注册显出注意到,
记住
* technical [ˈteknikəl] adj.技术的; 应⽤科学的艺术的, ⼯艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的, 使⽤术
语的, 专业的
* considerable [kənˈsidərəbl] adj.相当⼤(或多)的
* deduce [diˈdju:s] vt.推论, 演绎
* immigrate [ˈimiɡreit] vi.移⼊
* minor [ˈmainə] adj.较⼩的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的 n.未成年⼈副修科⽬
* rely [riˈlai] vi.信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠
* technique [tekˈni:k] n.技巧, ⼿法, 技术技能
* constant [ˈkɔnstənt] adj.始终如⼀的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发⽣的忠实的, 忠诚的
* demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] vi.举⾏⽰威游⾏(或集会) vt.说明, 演⽰论证, 证明显⽰, 表露
* imply [imˈplai] vt.暗⽰, 暗指必然包含
* negate [niˈɡeit] vt.取消, 使⽆效否定; 否认
* remove [riˈmu:v] vi.迁移; 移居 vt.移⾛; 排除开除
* technology [tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.科技(总称); ⼯艺; 应⽤科学⼯业技术
* constrain [kənˈstrein] vt.强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束
* document [ˈdɔkjumənt] n.公⽂, ⽂件, ⽂献 vt.证明记录, 记载
* initial [iˈniʃəl] adj.最初的, 开头的
* outcome [ˈautkʌm] n.结果
* scheme [ski:m] n.阴谋, 诡计计划, ⽅案 vt. & vi.策划; 图谋
* valid [ˈvælid] adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效⼒的
* contribute [kənˈtribjut] vi.起促成作⽤ vt. & vi.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出撰稿, 投稿
* dominate [ˈdɔmineit] vt.耸⽴于, 俯临 vt. & vi.控制, ⽀配, 统治在…中占⾸要地位
* instance [ˈinstəns] n.例⼦, 实例

13
 * partner [ˈpɑ:tnə] n.伙伴, 同伙, 合伙⼈, 股东同伴, 搭档配偶, 情⼈ vt.做…的搭档
* sequence [ˈsi:kwəns] n.有关联的⼀组事物, ⼀连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续
* volume [ˈvɔlju:m] n.卷, 册, 书卷体积; 容积, 容量⾳量, 响度

Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
alternative considerable fund documents minor tasks cores scheme proportion
interact
1. He donated $50 to a _______________ to help victims of the fire.
2. International oil and cocoa prices have _______________ impact on the economy of Cameroon.
3. I have to go to my lawyer's to sign some _______________ relating to the sale of our house.
4. His injuries were relatively _______________, so he was released from the hospital within a couple of
hours of being admitted.
5. The animal with the largest brain in _______________ to its size is the ant.
6. Songs and story books are a wonderful way for parents to _______________ with their children.
7. One of the most important _______________ in learning a foreign language is to get over one's fear
of making mistakes.
8. The company that I work at has a _______________ to increase its sales without increasing its costs.
9. Faced with worsening health, and a doctor that didn't seem able to help him, Craig decided to try
_______________ medicine.
10. Stars can exist only as long as energy continues to move from their _______________ to their
surfaces.

sequence illustrates corporate dominated negated circumstances justified

technical constant published
1. A car travelling at a _______________ speed of 100 kilometres per hour would take more than 48
million years to reach the nearest star.
2. In the 1530s, a printing press was set up in Mexico City, and the country's first newspaper was
_______________ there in 1541.
3. Racist comments against others are totally unacceptable, no matter what the _______________.
4. A proper essay _______________ its ideas clearly and effectively.
5. We feel that animal testing should be reduced to a minimum and carefully _______________ in each
case.
6. The increase in tax revenues has been _______________ by rising costs for the public health system.
7. Top _______________ executives are meeting today to urge the American government to lower taxes.
8. The Book of Genesis in the Bible deals with the _______________ of creation, as seen by the
Christian religion.
9. All _______________ questions should be directed to the staff at the computer help desk.
10. For centuries, Korea was _______________ by its larger and more aggressive neighbours.
14
constraints immigrants commentary techniques reaction emphasizes sexual
outcomes correspondence layers
1. Wearing _______________ of clothing will help you to keep warm in extreme cold conditions.
2. To prepare for an exam, try looking at old tests and analyzing what the professor _______________ in
class.
3. Operations on animals helped to develop organ transplant and open-heart surgery _______________.
4. The DVD of the movie features a special _______________ by the director and the film's stars.
5. The boss has turned down our request to expand the Research and Development Department due to
financial _______________.
6. He is a very rich and famous performer, but he still personally answers all his _______________ from
his fans.
7. I have a lot of admiration for _______________ because I think it takes a lot of courage to move to a
new country, and adapt to a new culture.
8. When using new vocabulary or expressions, be sure to watch for the listeners' _______________, in
order to see if you are using the language properly.
9. Jokes of a _______________ nature are very common in almost every culture.
10. People usually take credit for actions which produce favourable _______________, but blame the
situation when their actions are questionable or lead to failure.

compensate register link ensure shifted partner technology contributes imply

criteria
1. The _______________ between smoking and cancer is too strong to ignore.
2. Much of the modern _______________ used today in wristwatches was developed in Switzerland.
3. He _______________ a lot of time and money to helping people with AIDS.
4. You'd better _______________ that everything the salesman promises is written into the contract.
5. The grizzly bear's amazing sense of smell helps _______________ for its poor eyesight.
6. Over time, the world's human population has _______________ from rural to urban areas.
7. My golf _______________ is really slow, so we had to let a number of people play through.
8. She didn't say she wanted to break up, but she certainly seemed to _______________ it when she said
that it might be good for us to see other people.
9. Students in our program will be graded according to the _______________ described in the course
outline.
10. You'd better _______________ for the course pretty soon before it fills up.

15
valid components locate convened philosophy initial exclude specify deduce
relies
1. Psychologists have observed that most of the process of forgetting occurs soon after _______________
exposure.
2. We didn't have time to finish our discussion of the issue so an additional meeting will be
_______________ tomorrow morning.
3. The various _______________ are manufactured by different suppliers around the world and
assembled in our factory in Mexico.
4. My parking pass is only _______________ for another week.
5. The police say the evidence to this point does not _______________ the possibility that the victim was
murdered.
6. Rescue forces have as yet been unable to _______________ the plane that crashed into the forest
yesterday evening.
7. He doesn't have a car so he always _______________ on his friends to give him a lift when they go
out.
8. Western _______________ was largely founded on the writings of Plato and Aristotle.
9. The detectives were able to _______________ valuable information about the killer through careful
examination of the murder scene.
10. The television report stated that many people had died, but didn't _______________ the exact
number.

framework maximize uncoordinated instances demonstrable consensus volume

physical removable sufficiently
1. The class decided by _______________ what the consequences would be for lateness and
absenteeism.
2. The big bang which created the universe filled the entire _______________ of the universe from the
first moment.
3. I was always kind of _______________ as a kid, and hated playing sports because I did so badly.
4. Your thesis has a number of very serious and _______________ errors that need to be addressed.
5. A constitution provides the essential _______________ for orderly government, and for relations
between people and their government.
6. Several _______________ of late deliveries resulted in a considerable loss of business for the store.
7. The ability of modern science to describe the internal structure of the moon is based on a variety of
_______________ observations.
8. Forgetting material which is stored in long-term memory cannot be _______________ explained by
the simple passage of time.
9. My son wants a pair of roller blades with _______________ wheels so they can double as shoes.
10. There are certain strategies you can utilize in order to _______________ your chances for success in
school.
16
Sublist 4
* access [ˈækses] n.通道, ⼊⼜接近[取得]…的⽅法[权利等] vt.存取(计算机⽂件)
* communicate [kəˈmju:nikeit] vi.通讯; 交际, 交流相连; 相通 vt. & vi.传达; 表达
* error [ˈerə] n.错误过失, 失误
* internal [inˈtə:nəl] adj.内部的国内的, 内政的体内的
* parallel [ˈpærəlel] adj.(指⾄少两条线)平⾏的类似的; 相对应的 n.平⾏线[⾯]极相似的⼈[事物]类
似(点), 相似(之处)⽐较纬线, 纬圈 vt.与…平⾏; 与…相当
* resolve [riˈzɔlv] vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解, 解析(某物) vt. & vi.决定; 决⼼
* adequate [ˈædikwit] adj.充分的, ⾜够的适当的, 胜任的
* concentrate [ˈkɔnsəntreit] vt.浓缩 vt. & vi.专⼼于; 注意集中, 聚集
* ethnic [ˈeθnik] adj.种族的, 部落的某⽂化群体的
* investigate [inˈvestiɡeit] vt.调查; 审查
* parameter [pəˈræmitə] n.(限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数
* retain [riˈtein] vt.保持; 保留⽌住; 容纳
* annual [ˈænjuəl] adj.每年的, 年度的, ⼀年⼀次的 n.⼀年⽣植物年刊, 年报, 年鉴
* confer [kənˈfə:] vi.〈拉〉商谈, 商议 vt.授予, 赋予
* goal [ɡəul] n.球门进球得的分努⼒的对象, ⽬标
* job [dʒɔb] n.职业, 职位(⼀件)⼯作职责, 责任
* phase [feiz] n.阶段, 时期(⽉亮、⾏星的)位相 vt.分阶段计划[安排]
* series [ˈsiəri:z] n.连续的同类事物, 系列串联
* apparent [əˈpærənt] adj.显然的, 明⽩的, 清晰可见的表⾯上的, 貌似(真实)的
* contrast [ˈkɔntræst] n.对⽐, 对照差异, 差别对照物, 明显的对⽐物 vt. & vi.对⽐, 对照
* grant [ɡrɑ:nt] n.补助⾦, 助学⾦, 津贴 vt.准许; 答应给予承认
* label [ˈleibəl] n.标签, 标记称号; 符号; 标⽰ vt.贴标签于把…列为
* predict [priˈdikt] vt. & vi.预⾔; 预测; 预⽰
* statistic [stəˈtistik] adj.统计的,统计学的 n.统计量
* approximate [əˈprɔksimit] adj.近似的, ⼤约的 vt. & vi.近似, 接近
* cycle [ˈsaikl] n.循环, 周期⾃⾏车, 摩托车 vi.骑⾃⾏[摩托]车
* hence [hens] adv.从此时起, 从此处因此, 所以
* mechanism [ˈmekənizəm] n.机械装置构造, 机制办法, 技巧, 途径
* principal [ˈprinsəpəl] adj.最重要的; 主要的 n.负责⼈, 校长资本, 本⾦被代理⼈, 委托⼈
* status [ˈsteitəs] n.⾝份, 地位情形, 状况

17
 * attitude [ˈætitju:d] n.态度, 看法姿态, 姿势
* debate [diˈbeit] n.讨论, 辩论 vt. & vi.辩论, 争论
* hypothesis [haiˈpɔθisis] n.假说, 假设, 前提
* obvious [ˈɔbviəs] adj.明显的; 显⽽易见的
* prior [ˈpraiə] adj.优先的; 在前的; 较早的
* stress [stres] n.压⼒, 紧张强调, 重要性重⼒重⾳ vt.重读强调
* attribute [əˈtribju:t] n.属性, 特性 vt.认为…是; 归因于…认为某作品出⾃某⼈之⼿认为某事[物]
属于某⼈[物]
* despite [disˈpait] prep.不管, 尽管
* implement [ˈimplimənt] n.⼯具, 器具, ⽤具 vt.使⽣效, 贯彻, 执⾏
* occupy [ˈɔkjupai] vt.占领; 占有使从事; 使忙于
* professional [prəˈfeʃənəl] adj.职业的, 专业的内⾏的, 有经验的有意的, 故意的 n.具有某专业资格
的⼈, 专业⼈⼠内⾏, 专家专门职业者, 职业选⼿
* subsequent [ˈsʌbsikwənt] adj.随后的, 继…之后的
* civil [ˈsivl] adj.公民的, 平民的; ⾮军职的, ⾮宗教的; 国民间的, 民⽤的民事的, 民法的⽂明的, 有
教养的
* dimension [diˈmenʃən] n.尺⼨, 度量⽅⾯, 部分规模, 程度
* implicate [ˈimplikeit] vt.牵连, 涉及
* option [ˈɔpʃən] n.选择(的⾃由)可选择的办法附件, 配件买卖选择权, 期权
* project [prəˈdʒekt] n.项⽬, 计划, ⽅案, 课题 vt.规划抛; 投; 射 vt. & vi.伸出, 突出; 表达特点
* sum [sʌm] n.总数, 总和⾦额算术 vt. & vi.合计总结, 归纳
* code [kəud] n.法典, 法规, 章程密码, 电码代号, 编码 vt.将…译成电码
* domestic [dəˈmestik] adj.本国的, 国内的家庭的, 家⽤的驯养的
* impose [imˈpəuz] vi.利⽤, 占便宜; 欺骗 vt.强迫, 强加课税, 惩罚
* output [ˈautput] n.产量输出, 输出功率
* promote [prəˈməut] vt.提升, 提拔筹划, 发起, 创⽴推销〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进
* summary [ˈsʌməri] adj.即刻的, ⽴即的匆忙的, 草率的概括的; 简要的 n.摘要, 概要
* commit [kəˈmit] vt.犯罪; 犯错承诺; 使⾃⼰受约束托付; 交付
* emerge [iˈmə:dʒ] vi.出现; 显出; 暴露
* integrate [ˈintiɡreit] vt.使结合成为整体 vt. & vi.(使)融⼊
* overall [ˈəuvərɔ:l] adj.总体的; 全⾯的; 综合的全⾯考虑的 adv.⼤体上, 总的来说⼀切包括在内,
全部的 n.长罩⾐⼯装裤; ⼯作裤
* regime [reiˈʒi:m] n.政治制度, 政权, 政体
* undertake [ˌʌndəˈteik] vt.担任, 承揽; 保证着⼿, 开始
18
Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
status hence occupy attributed confer internal access promote domestic phase
1. There's something wrong with our Internet connection; I can't _______________ my e-mail account.
2. Karen _______________ the failure of her marriage to her husband's inability to accept her change
from a mother to a businesswoman.
3. The airline has more than 100 _______________ flights a day.
4. The students were well-prepared for the exam, _______________ their high scores.
5. Children need something to _______________ their time; otherwise, they get bored.
6. The Russian president flew to Washington this morning to _______________ with the American
president on the crisis developing in the Middle East.
7. Doctors and lawyers are high _______________ jobs in our society.
8. One of the goals of the United Nations is to _______________ respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms.
9. Most teenagers go through a _______________ in which they argue a lot with their parents.
10. The driver of the car suffered minor _______________ injuries from his seatbelt, but was otherwise
okay.

stress emerged hypotheses adequate contrasted investigating options predict

civil regime
1. The scientific method is the main tool used by psychologists for _______________ both the mind and
behaviour.
2. Martin Luther King, Jr. devoted his life to fighting for the _______________ rights of black
Americans.
3. In December 1978, a large Vietnamese army swept into Cambodia, and overthrew the
_______________ of Pol Pot.
4. You have a number of payment _______________, including credit cards, Interac, personal cheques
or cash in all major currencies.
5. My mom is under a lot of _______________ at work right now, so she gets angry for no reason.
6. The politician's statements before the election _______________ greatly with his actions once he was
in power.
7. Athens _______________ as the political and cultural centre of Greece following the defeat of the
Persians around 480 B.C.
8. Because of the traffic jam, it's hard to _______________ how long it will take to get to the airport.
9. About a quarter of the population of India is too poor to be able to afford an _______________ diet.
10. A number of different _______________ have been put forward to explain the rise in global
temperatures.

19
implementation subsequently annually output cycles job coded principally
unresolved erroneously
1. The information _______________ on DNA must be preserved for the survival of an organism.
2. Harvey is overweight _______________ because he doesn't ever do any exercise.
3. The remark was _______________ attributed to the president, but it was actually the minister of
defence who made the comment.
4. Experts say that as many as 4.6 million people living in Ethiopia need food assistance
_______________.
5. Jim Fox once remarked, "Find a _______________ you love, and you'll never have to work a day in
your life."
6. The manufacturing _______________ of the tiny nation of Andorra consists mainly of cigarettes,
cigars, and furniture.
7. The union and management have agreed on most issues, but the question of contracting out remains
_______________.
8. While we sleep, we experience repeated _______________ of brain activity.
9. Independent for more than 300 years, Iceland was _______________ governed by Norway and
Denmark until 1944.
10. Since the _______________ of the NAFTA agreement in 1994, Mexico's trade with Canada and the
U.S. has tripled.

debate committed retain prior overall labels apparent ethnic sum implicated
1. The leaders of the two major political parties will have a _______________ on television tonight.
2. Police believe the murder was _______________ by two men who were known to the victim.
3. Asians are the fastest growing _______________ group in the United States.
4. It is quite _______________ to me that she is no longer in love with him; she just ignores him
completely.
5. Most adults learning a second language will _______________ their native accent to some degree.
6. Without any _______________ experience as a waitress, it will be hard to find a job in a restaurant in
this town.
7. Information on _______________ for products sold in Canada is written in both English and French.
8. My marks in math are a little low this semester, but _______________ I'm doing quite well.
9. The president himself has been _______________ in a scheme to buy votes in the upcoming election.
10. The _______________ of five plus five is ten.

20
summary series imposed despite parallel professional approximated
mechanisms goals communicate
1. If you want to succeed, you need to set yourself some _______________, and then make plans on
how to achieve them.
2. Studies suggest that over 60 percent of adults in this country believe it may be possible to
_______________ with the dead.
3. I wasn't sure how many people would be coming to the company barbeque, so I just
_______________.
4. When finished a meal in China, it is polite to place your chopsticks in _______________ across your
dish or bowl.
5. There are generally no set hours for a working _______________; you work as much as is required to
get the job done, and you're not paid for overtime.
6. When you write a _______________ of a newspaper article, you should give the essential information,
and leave out minor details.
7. He jumped in the water to save the young girl, _______________ being unable to swim himself.
8. The government has _______________ a wage freeze for the next year in the public sector.
9. Eating is a requirement for living; therefore, there must be _______________ in the body and mind
that make us hungry and interested in eating at regular intervals. 10. We listened to the first episode in
the "Judy's World" soap opera _______________ in our language lab today.

concentrations grant parameters dimensions statistically attitude obviously

integrated undertakes projections
1. The Serengeti National Park has among the greatest _______________ of wildlife on the African
continent.
2. In February of 1996, Princess Diana of Wales announced that she would _______________ Prince
Charles a divorce.
3. A Dutch proverb notes that he who _______________ many things at once seldom does anything
well.
4. The _______________ of the oil find are even greater than originally predicted. 5.
_______________, travelling by air is the safest means of transportation.
6. She really changed her _______________ once she understood how the others felt. 7. The head office
is responsible for defining the _______________ which guide policy decisions at the local level.
8. Emile Durkheim hypothesized that the more _______________ individuals are into their society, the
less likely they are to kill themselves.
9. Our sales _______________ for the next year anticipate a steady growth of at least 5%.
10. She is _______________ in love with him; she stares at him all the time.

21
Sublist 5
* academy [əˈkædəmi] n.专科学校研究院, 学会
* consult [kənˈsʌlt] vt.请教, 咨询; 找(医⽣)诊治翻阅, 查阅顾及, 考虑 vt. & vi.商议, 商量
* evolve [iˈvɔlv] vt. & vi.演变; 进化
* licence [ˈlaisəns] n.许可证, 执照许可, 特许放纵, 放肆
* orient [ˈɔ:riənt] n.东⽅, 亚洲 vt.使熟悉, 使适应使朝向; 使确定位置
* style [stail] n.风格, 格调; ⽂体⾏为⽅式, 作风种类, 类型; 流⾏式样; 款式风度; 格调; ⽓派
* adjust [əˈdʒʌst] vt. & vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正
* contact [ˈkɔntækt] n.接触联系, 联络, 交往社会关系, 熟⼈, 门路触点, 接头 vt. & vi.联系
* expand [iksˈpænd] vt. & vi.使…变⼤, 扩⼤, 扩张伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开
* logic [ˈlɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理⽅法合理的想法
* perspective [pəˈspektiv] n.远景, 景前途; 希望透视透视图观点, 想法
* substitute [ˈsʌbstitju:t] vt. & vi.代替, 替换, 代⽤
* alter [ˈɔ:ltə] vt. & vi.改变, 更改
* decline [diˈklain] n.下降, 减少, 衰退 vi.(太阳)落下 vt. & vi.辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)
* expose [iksˈpəuz] vt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露
* margin [ˈmɑ:dʒin] n.页边空⽩边, 边缘差数, 差额; 余地
* precise [priˈsais] adj.精确的, 准确的恰好的; 正是的周密的, 细密的, 精细的
* sustain [səˈstein] vt.承受, ⽀撑维持长期保持; 使继续经受, 遭受
* amend [əˈmend] vt. & vi.改良; 修改, 修订
* discrete [disˈkri:t] adj.分离的, 不相关联的
* external [eksˈtə:nl] adj.外⾯的, 外部的外观的, 表⾯的外国的
* medical [ˈmedikəl] adj.医学的, 医疗的, 医术的内科的
* prime [praim] adj.⾸要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第⼀流的 n.全盛时期 vt.使准备好, 使完成准
备⼯作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况
* symbol [ˈsimbəl] n.象征, 标志符号, 记号
* aware [əˈwɛə] adj.意识到的, 知道的
* draft [drɑ:ft] n.草稿, 草案, 草图汇票应召⼊伍者; 特遣队 vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 抽调征募,
征召…⼊伍
* facilitate [fəˈsiliteit] vt.使便利, 减轻…的困难
* mental [ˈmentl] adj.精神的, 头脑的, ⼼理的, 智⼒的精神病的
* psychology [saiˈkɔlədʒi] n.⼼理学⼼理; ⼼理特点

22
 * target [ˈtɑ:ɡit] n.(射击的)靶⼦(欲达到的)⽬[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象 vt.瞄准某物
* capacity [kəˈpæsiti] n.容量, 容积才能, 能⼒⾝份, 职位
* enable [iˈneibl] vt.使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]使可能
* fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的 n.基本原则, 基本法则
* modify [ˈmɔdifai] vt.修饰 vt. & vi.修改, 更改
* pursue [pəˈsju:] vt.追捕, 追击追求继续; 从事, 经营
* transit [ˈtrænsit] n.搬运; 载运; 运输
* challenge [ˈtʃælindʒ] n.挑战, 邀请⽐赛怀疑, 质问艰巨的任务 vt.挑战质疑考验
* energy [ˈenədʒi] n.活⼒, ⼲劲, 能⼒精⼒〈物〉能, 能量, 能源
* generate [ˈdʒenəreit] vt.⽣成, 产⽣引起, 导致
* monitor [ˈmɔnitə] n.监视器, 监听器; 检测器(学校)班长; 纠察员 vt.监听, 监视监测, 检测
* ratio [ˈreiʃiəu] n.⽐, ⽐率
* trend [trend] n.趋势, 倾向流⾏
* clause [klɔ:z] n.从句(法律⽂件等的)条款
* enforce [inˈfɔ:s] vt.实施, 执⾏强迫, 迫使
* generation [ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] n.同时代的⼈, ⼀代⼈, ⼀代产⽣, 发⽣
* network [ˈnetwə:k] n.⽹状物(电视与计算机)⽹络, ⽹状系统⼴播⽹, 电视⽹
* reject [riˈdʒekt] n.被拒货品, 不合格产品 vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回舍弃, 排斥, 退掉
* version [ˈvə:ʃən] n.(个⼈对事件的)描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本
* compound [ˈkɔmpaund] n.复合物, 化合物(筑有围墙的)院⼦, (围起来的)场地 vt.使混合, 使合成
使严重; 使恶化
* entity [ˈentiti] n.实体, 独⽴存在体, 实际存在物
* image [ˈimidʒ] n.形象, 概念镜像, 影像, 图像印象酷似的⼈[物], 翻版⽐喻, 引喻, 明喻外形, 外表,
模样
* notion [ˈnəuʃən] n.概念, 观念, 看法突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算
* revenue [ˈrevənju:] n.收⼊, 收益; 财政收⼊, 税收
* welfare [ˈwelfɛə] n.健康, 幸福, 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)
* conflict [ˈkɔnflikt] n.战⽃, ⽃争冲突, 抵触, 争论 vi.抵触, 冲突
* equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的, 相当的
* liberal [ˈlibərəl] adj.⼼胸宽阔的, ⽆偏见的慷慨的, ⼤⽅的开放的; 主张变⾰的⾃由的, 不拘⼀格
的 n.宽容⼤度的⼈⾃由主义者
* objective [əbˈdʒektiv] adj.客观的; 不带偏见的 n.⽬标; ⽬的
* stable [ˈsteibl] adj.稳定的; 安定的沉稳[持重]的
* whereas [hwɛərˈæz] conj.但是, ⽽
23
Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
entity declined logic facilitate academy stable network transit prime challenge
1. Learning a second language is a _______________, but with continued effort you can make continual
progress.
2. You need to apply a proper system of _______________ to solve these problems.
3. A _______________ of volunteers is working to distribute food and blankets to the homeless on this
cold, winter night.
4. One of the poorest countries in the world, Yemen is struggling to build a _______________
government, and a strong economy.
5. His parents sent him to a military _______________, because they thought he was getting a little too
wild.
6. The purpose of the trade deal is to _______________ the exchange of goods between the two
nations.
7. In the last 30 years, the average family size in Ukraine has _______________ from 5 members to 3.
8. Gander, Newfoundland is an important _______________ point for international flights.
9. Rents for _______________ office space in Central Tokyo are the highest in the world.
10. The Soviet Union as a political _______________ ceased to exist in the late 1980s.

generation discrete fundamental notions stylishly margin equivalent

psychological clause adjusting
1. The hockey star had a _______________ inserted in his contract guaranteeing him 50% of his salary
in the event that an injury ended his career.
2. Jack had difficulty _______________ to life on his own after his wife passed away.
3. In 1791, the U.S. Bill of Rights incorporated _______________ of freedom of speech, press, and fair
trial into the new U.S. Constitution.
4. The instruction manual for the software breaks down the installation process into a series of
_______________ steps.
5. Studies show that regular exercise promotes _______________ well-being.
6. One of the _______________ values of democracy is that all people should be treated as equals.
7. A 1995 vote in Ireland resulted in a _______________ of less than 1% in favour of removing the
country's ban on divorce.
8. Americans today use four times as much energy as their grandparents' _______________ did.
9. Women will not be satisfied until their wages are _______________ to those of men doing the same
kind of work.
10. It seems to me that the women in Montreal dress more _______________ than women here on the
West Coast.

24
trend medically objectively redraft generates compounds pursuit substitution
unalterable evolution
1. The contract has already been signed, and the conditions are _______________.
2. Now that we have more information, I think we should _______________ our original plan.
3. The _______________ of the thumb allowed human beings to become tool-makers.
4. The soldiers ran down the street in _______________ of the enemy.
5. Scientists say that since 1970 there has been a marked _______________ in the rise of global
temperatures, due to global warming.
6. A nurse is not _______________ qualified to prescribe drugs.
7. Chemical analysis of chromosomes show that they consist of four basic _______________.
8. Our sun _______________ nuclear energy in its deep interior.
9. _______________ speaking, I would have to say that my son is not the best player on the team.
10. The _______________ of cream instead of milk in the recipe makes for a richer dessert.

sustain version mental ratio enabled images expand amended conflicts orient
1. Using a computer has _______________ me to do my work much more quickly and efficiently.
2. He has been able to _______________ his business through advertising on the Internet.
3. We need food and water in order to _______________ life.
4. It is important for children to learn how to resolve _______________ through discussion.
5. Your little brother told me a different _______________ of the fight that you had with him.
6. The university tennis club has _______________ its rules to allow players to wear grey or light brown
clothing, rather than just white.
7. It will take a few days to _______________ you to the routine in our office.
8. Our handicapped 18-year-old son has a _______________ age of about 3.
9. One of the most important _______________ of the fall of communism in the 1980s was the
destruction of the Berlin Wall.
10. Salad dressing is usually made with an oil to vinegar _______________ of 3 to 1.

25
welfare exposed modified symbol energy reject liberal consult perspective
aware
1. He received a heart transplant, and had to take drugs for the rest of his life so that his body wouldn't
_______________ it.
2. After working all day, she simply didn't have the _______________ to go out dancing in the evening.
3. Be sure to _______________ with your doctor immediately if your condition changes at all.
4. Only insects have true wings; other flying creatures, like bats and birds, fly using legs that are
_______________ to be wings.
5. When Sam lifted up the rock at the beach, he _______________ many different kinds of sea animals
living underneath.
6. Despite the fact that we are no longer consciously _______________ of the external world during
sleep, our minds continue to actively process information.
7. People living in the urban areas of the country generally seem to have more _______________ views
than those in the countryside.
8. The early death of his business partner due to overwork has given him a new _______________ on
life.
9. Denmark's social system is characterized by its extensive government _______________ measures.
10. Pb is the chemical _______________ for lead.

contact unlicensed target enforcement unmonitored whereas capacity revenue

externally precisely
1. When giving a presentation in small groups, it is important to make eye _______________ with your
entire audience.
2. According to the instructions, this medicine is to be used _______________ only. 3. My parents were
both in a serious car accident when they were in their early twenties, but my mother broke her neck,
_______________ my father only received a few cuts and bruises.
4. The daycare centre was _______________ and did not meet the minimum safety and health
requirements.
5. The head of the F.B.I. once observed that no amount of law _______________ can solve a problem
that goes back to the family.
6. Tobacco brings _______________ to government in the form of taxes.
7. If left _______________, the children may hurt themselves.
8. Many living creatures are very _______________ adapted to particular ways of life. 9. The factory
has increased its production _______________ by over 15% to meet the growing demand.
10. The country of Wales was long a _______________ for invaders from Rome, Normandy, and
England.

26
Sublist 6
* abstract [ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的抽象派的 n.抽象, 抽象概念, 抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要, 梗概 vt.
提取, 抽取做…的摘要
* capable [ˈkeipəbl] adj.有能⼒的, 有技能的
* exceed [ikˈsi:d] vi.(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先 vt.超过; 超越
* incidence [ˈinsidəns] n.发⽣率, 影响范围
* migrate [maiˈɡreit] vi.迁移; 移往
* recover [riˈkʌvə] vi.恢复健康(体⼒、能⼒等) vt.恢复; 重新获得, 找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或
位置)
* accurate [ˈækjurit] adj.精确的, 准确的正确⽆误的
* cite [sait] vt.引⽤, 举例表彰, 嘉奖传唤, 传讯
* expert [ˈekspə:t] adj.专家的, 内⾏的, 熟练的 n.专家, 能⼿
* incorporate [inˈkɔ:pəreit] vt.包含, 加上, 吸收把…合并, 使并⼊组成公司
* minimum [ˈminiməm] adj.最低的, 最⼩的 n.最低限度, 最⼩量
* reveal [riˈvi:l] vt.显⽰; 露出泄露; 透露
* acknowledge [əkˈnɔlidʒ] vt.承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢
* cooperate [kəuˈɔpəreit] vi.合作; 配合, 协助
* explicit [iksˈplisit] adj.详述的, 明确的, 明晰的直⾔的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露⾻的
* index [ˈindeks] n.索引标志, 象征; 量度(物价或⼯资的)指数〈数〉指数, 幂 vt.给…编索引, 指⽰
出
* ministry [ˈministri] n.(政府的)部
* scope [skəup] n.余地, 机会(处理、研究事务的)范围
* aggregate [ˈæɡriɡit] n.〈正〉数, 总计 vt.总计达… vt. & vi.(使)聚集
* discriminate [disˈkrimineit] vi.歧视, 有差别地对待 vt. & vi.分别, 辨别, 区分
* federal [ˈfedərəl] adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的
* inhibit [inˈhibit] vt.阻⽌; 抑制
* motive [ˈməutiv] n.动机, ⽬的
* subsidy [ˈsʌbsidi] n.补贴, 津贴, 补助⾦
* allocate [ˈæləkeit] vt.分配, 分派把…拨给
* display [disˈplei] n.陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等 vt.陈列, 展览显⽰, 显露
* fee [fi:] n.费, 酬⾦
* initiate [iˈniʃieit] vt.开始, 着⼿传授; 使初步了解接纳新成员, 让…加⼊

27
 * neutral [ˈnju:trəl] adj.中⽴的, 不偏不倚的中⽴(国家)的暗淡的; ⾮彩⾊的(化学中)中性的不带电
的 n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置中⽴⼈⼠; 中⽴国
* tape [teip] n.带⼦录⾳磁带; 录像带 vt.⽤带⼦捆起来 vt. & vi.录⾳
* assign [əˈsain] vt.分配; 交给指派, 选派指定, 订出
* diverse [daiˈvəs] adj.不同的, 多种多样的
* flexible [ˈfleksəbl] adj.易弯曲的, 柔韧的灵活的, 可变通的
* input [ˈinput] n.输⼊, 投⼊〈电〉输⼊端输⼊的数据 vt.把…输⼊电脑
* nevertheless [ˌnevəðəˈles] adv.仍然, 然⽽, 不过 conj.尽管如此, 然⽽
* trace [treis] n.踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹极微的量 vt.追踪; 追溯发现; 找到描绘; 标出 vt. & vi.缓慢⽽困难
地书写
* attach [əˈtætʃ] vt. & vi.贴上; 系; 附上
* domain [dəuˈmein] n.范围, 领域版图, 领⼟地产, 产业
* furthermore [ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:] adv.⽽且, 此外
* instruct [inˈstrʌkt] vt.命令, 指⽰教, 指导通知
* overseas [ˌəuvəˈsi:z] adj.(在)海外的, (在)国外的(向或来⾃)外国的 adv.在[向]海外; 在[向]国外
* transform [trænsˈfɔ:m] vt. & vi.改变
* author [ˈɔ:θə] n.著作家, 作者创造者, 创始⼈; 发起⼈
* edit [ˈedit] vt.剪辑(电影、录⾳磁带、⽆线电或电视节⽬、书等) vt. & vi.编辑
* gender [ˈdʒendə] n.〈语〉性
* intelligent [inˈtelidʒənt] adj.聪明的; 理解⼒强的
* precede [ˌpriˈsi:d] vt. & vi.在…之前, 先于
* transport [trænsˈpɔ:t] vt.运送; 流放使万分激动
* bond [bɔnd] n.联系, 关系连接, 接合, 结合有息债券合同, 契约, 票据 vt.使粘结, 使结合
* enhance [inˈhɑ:ns] vt.提⾼, 增加, 加强
* ignorant [ˈiɡnərənt] adj.⽆知的, 愚昧的
* interval [ˈintəvəl] n.间隔时间幕间休息
* presume [priˈzju:m] vi.冒昧地做某事; 错⽤⾃作主张, 放肆 vt.以为; 假定
* underlie [ˌʌndəˈlai] vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因); 引起
* brief [bri:f] adj.短暂的, 短时间的简洁的, 简短的 n.概要, 摘要 vt.向…介绍基本情况, 作…的摘
要
* estate [isˈteit] n.⼟地, 地区庄园, 种植园地产, 财产; 遗产
* incentive [inˈsentiv] n.激励某⼈做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机
* lecture [ˈlektʃə] n.演讲; 讲课冗长的训斥[谴责] vt.责备, 教训, 训斥 vt. & vi.(向…)演讲; (给…)讲
课
* rational [ˈræʃənl] adj.神智清楚的理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的
* utilize [ˈju:tilaiz] vt.利⽤, 使⽤
28
Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
tape abstract flexible incidence presumed cooperate attach instructed enhance
ministered
1. Be sure you _______________ a recent photo to your passport application.
2. There has been a noticeable drop in the _______________ of crime in the area since the teen centre
opened up.
3. If we all _______________, I'm sure we'll be able to finish on time.
4. It can be quite difficult to really define _______________ ideas, such as love or friendship.
5. My wife is quite _______________ because she practises yoga, and she does all these poses to stretch
her muscles.
6. A group of volunteers _______________ to the needs of the victims of the tornado. 7. I
_______________ she was talking to me because she was looking right at me when she said it.
8. The boss _______________ him to send the report out as soon as it was completed. 9. Reading in
English is an excellent way to _______________ your vocabulary. tape abstract flexible incidence
presumed cooperate attach instructed enhance ministered
10. We made a _______________ of our baby's first sounds to send to my parents.

accurate exceeding motivated incorporate authors furthermore intelligence

discriminate trace rational
1. Tara was fined $75 for _______________ the speed limit.
2. The witness gave an _______________ description of the criminal - she even knew his eye colour!
3. Seeing the film about Guatemala _______________ Charlie to travel there during his holidays.
4. Perico is much more _______________ than Anatole, so his co-workers value his advice a lot more.
5. This new drug is able to _______________ between healthy cells and cancerous cells, and only attacks
the cancerous cells.
6. The _______________ of the study hope their research findings will help prevent others from dying
of the disease.
7. If you don't do your homework, you will get a zero, and _______________, you may be asked to leave
the program.
8. It is difficult to measure the _______________ of dolphins, but we do know that they have very large
brains.
9. Cars of the future will likely _______________ more than one type of fuel system.
10. Current scientific theories _______________ our first human ancestors to Africa about 5 to 7 million
years ago.

29
expertise bonds acknowledging indexed interval transformation gender recovery
neutralising display
1. Atoms form _______________ with each other by sharing or exchanging electrons.
2. Doctors believe my mother's quick _______________ from her illness was partly due to her desire to
see her grandchildren again.
3. Studies show that almost all animal societies _______________ clear patterns of territorial,
hierarchical, and sexual inequality.
4. Drinking milk is an effective way of _______________ the burning feeling caused by eating spicy
food.
5. Our company has built up a great deal of _______________ in creating successful web-sites.
6. In 1215, Britain's King John was forced by his lords to sign the Magna Carta _______________ that
free men are entitled to judgment by their peers, and that even a sovereign is not above the law.
7. The longest _______________ between the birth of two children on record is 41 years; a Welsh
woman had a girl in 1956, and then a boy in 1997.
8. According to scientists, oysters can change from one _______________ to another and back again
depending on which is best for mating at a given moment.
9. China has undergone an incredible economic _______________ in the last 20 years. 10. Books in the
library are _______________ by author, title, subject, and key word.

aggregate inhibited revealed nevertheless explicit ignorant transported brief

diverse lecture
1. I'm not really interested in history, but the lecture was quite interesting _______________.
2. A lot of people seem to be happily _______________ of the real threat of global warming.
3. Our chemistry _______________ was so boring today that I fell asleep in class.
4. Let's try to keep this discussion _______________; everyone is tired, and wants to go home.
5. African religions were brought to Cuba by the thousands of slaves _______________ to the island by
the Spanish.
6. With Internet technology nowadays, photos and films of _______________ sex are just a mouse click
away on the home computer.
7. The young woman was so shy that it _______________ her ability to make friends.
8. Just before she died, his grandmother _______________ to him that she had had a lifelong love affair
with her neighbour.
9. Montreal has beaten Toronto three times this season, with an _______________ score of 10 - 6.
10. Canadian society today is quite culturally _______________, with immigrants from all over the
world.

30
initiated federal domain preceding overseas allocate capable scope migrate
incentive
1. I'm already at the top of my pay scale at work so I don't really have any economic _______________
to work harder.
2. The human brain is _______________ of recording over 86 million bits of information daily.
3. The _______________ parliament in Canada consists of the House of Commons and the Senate.
4. Chimpanzees in the wild have been observed using different objects to make tools, a skill previously
thought to be the exclusive _______________ of humans.
5. The language in the text is beyond the _______________ of all but those who are experts in the field.
6. James Watt _______________ the Industrial Revolution in 1769 with the invention of the steam
engine.
7. Cancer cells can _______________ throughout the body and produce additional tumours.
8. After Cortez brought chocolate back from Mexico to King Charles V's royal court in 1528, it became
a profitable industry for Spain, which planted cocoa trees in its _______________ colonies.
9. A plan has been outlined to _______________ a sizeable portion of the land under development to
the construction of low-cost housing.
10. People dream an average of five times a night, and each subsequent dream is longer than the one
_______________ it.

input edit utilized fees reassigned minimum estates citation subsidizes

underlying
1. Old railway beds are now _______________ as bicycle paths in many cities.
2. Cultural insiders are often unconscious of the _______________ meanings of their own cultural
categories.
3. The policeman was given a _______________ for bravery after saving a child from a burning car.
4. In December of 1972, the government of Uganda nationalized 41 foreign-owned farms and tea
_______________.
5. The union is asking the teachers for their _______________ as to what they would like to see
negotiated during the next contract talks.
6. With a computer, it is very easy to _______________ and update your documents.
7. The policeman has been _______________ to a desk job until the investigation into charges of
brutality is complete.
8. In ancient China, doctors would only receive _______________ for their services if the patient stayed
in good health.
9. A reasonable used car will cost you about $1,500, _______________.
10. Studies show that women's unpaid labour directly and indirectly _______________ men's paid
labour.

31
Sublist 7
* adapt [əˈdæpt] vt.改编, 改写 vt. & vi.(使)适应, (使)适合
* contrary [ˈkɔntrəri] adj.相反的, 相违的 n.相反, 反⾯, 对⽴⾯
* empirical [emˈpirikəl] adj.以观察或实验为依据的
* identical [aiˈdentikəl] adj.同⼀的
* phenomenon [fiˈnɔminən] n.现象特殊的⼈[事物]
* submit [səbˈmit] vi.屈服, 认输 vt.提交, 呈递〈正〉建议, 主张, 申辩
* adult [ˈædʌlt] adj.成熟的成年⼈的, 适宜于成年⼈的 n.成年的⼈或动物
* convert [kənˈvə:t] vt. & vi.(使)转变, (使)转化皈依, 改变(信仰)
* equip [iˈkwip] vt.装备, 配备使有能⼒, 使胜任
* ideology [ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi] n.思想(体系), 思想意识
* priority [praiˈɔriti] n.优先权, 重点优先考虑的事
* successor [səkˈsesə] n.接替的⼈或事物, 继任者, 继承⼈
* advocate [ˈædvəkeit] n.提倡者, 拥护者辩护律师, 辩护⼈ vt.提倡, 主张
* couple [ˈkʌpl] n.⼀对, ⼀双⼀些, ⼏个夫妻, 情侣 vt.连接, 联结, 联系
* extract [iksˈtrækt] n.摘录, 引⽤提炼物, 浓缩物 vt.(费⼒地)拔出, 抽出提取, 榨出
* infer [inˈfə:] vt.推断, 推知
* prohibit [prəˈhibit] vt.禁⽌; 阻⽌
* survive [səˈvaiv] vi.幸存, 活下来 vt.⽐…活得长, 经历…之后还存在
* aid [eid] n.帮助, 援助, 救助助⼿, 辅助物, 辅助⼿段 vt.帮助, 援助
* decade [ˈdekeid] n.⼗年, ⼗年间
* file [fail] n.⽂件夹, 公⽂箱卷宗, ⽂件; 计算机⽂件纵列 vi.排成纵队前进 vt.把…归档提交(申请
等), 呈递⽤锉锉
* innovate [ˈinəuveit] vi.改⾰, 创新
* publication [ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən] n.发表, 公布出版, 刊⾏, 发⾏出版物, 书刊
* thesis [ˈθi:sis] n.论题, 命题, 论点论⽂, 毕业(或学位)论⽂
* channel [ˈtʃænl] n.海峡通道; ⽔沟, ⽔渠渠道, 途径频道
* definite [ˈdefinit] adj.明确的, 确切的⼀定的, 肯定的
* finite [ˈfainait] adj.有限的, 有限度的〈语〉限定的
* insert [inˈsə:t] n.添⼊物(尤指⼀页印刷品图中插⼊或套印的⼩图) vt.插⼊, 嵌⼊
* quote [kwəut] vt.提到…以⽀持某论点报(价); 开(价) vt. & vi.引⽤, 援引
* topic [ˈtɔpik] n.题⽬, 论题, 话题

32
 * chemical [ˈkemikəl] adj.化学的 n.化学药品
* deny [diˈnai] vt.否认知情拒绝
* foundation [faunˈdeiʃən] n.建⽴, 设⽴, 创办基础, 基本原理, 根据地基基⾦(会)
* intervene [ˌɪntəˈvi:n] vi.⼲涉, ⼲预; 调解⼲扰, 阻碍
* release [riˈli:s] n.释放, 排放, 解除释放令公映的新影⽚, 发布的新闻[消息] vt.释放; 放开发布; 发
⾏; 发售
* transmit [trænzˈmit] vt.传播, 传染传导 vt. & vi.发射, 播送, ⼴播
* classic [ˈklæsik] adj.(著作, 赛事等)最优秀的, (可作)典范的(病例等)典型的, 标准的(⾐服, 设计等)
传统式样的, 典雅的(因为时已久)著名的; 传统的 n.⽂豪, ⼤艺术家; ⽂学名著, 经典作品, 杰作优秀
的典范
* differentiate [ˌdifəˈrenʃieit] vi.区别对待 vt. & vi.区分, 区别, 辨别
* globe [ɡləub] n.地球, 世界球体; 球状物地球仪
* isolate [ˈaisəleit] vt.使隔离, 使孤⽴, 使脱离
* reverse [riˈvə:s] adj.相反的, 颠倒的, 反向的 n.相反钱币的反⾯[背⾯]失败, 挫败 vt. & vi.(使)反转;
(使)颠倒; (使)翻转推翻, 取消使倒退, 逆转
* ultimate [ˈʌltimit] adj.最后的, 最终的基本的, 根本的最⼤的, 极限程度的
* comprehensive [ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj.⼴泛的, 综合的
* dispose [disˈpəuz] vt.布置使愿意或准备做 vt. & vi.处理; 处置
* grade [ɡreid] n.(官阶、质量)等级, 品级, 阶段, 程度〈尤美〉 (考试或作业的)分数, 评分等级〈尤
美〉 (学⽣受测试的)技巧⽔平(尤指⾳乐⽅⾯)〈美〉 年级; (按年级划分的)⼩学⽣
* media [ˈmi:djə] n.媒体
* simulate [ˈsimjuleit] vt.假装模仿, 模拟
* unique [ju:ˈni:k] adj.独⼀⽆⼆的, 仅有的, 惟⼀的异常的, 特有的, 少见的
* comprise [kəmˈpraiz] vt.包含, 包括, 由…组成组成, 构成
* dynamic [daiˈnæmik] adj.有活⼒的, 强有⼒的不断变化的动⼒的, 动态的
* guarantee [ˌɡærənˈti:] n.保证, 保障; 保证书; 保⽤期担保, 担保⼈担保品, 抵押品 vt.保证; 担保使
(事情)可能发⽣
* mode [məud] n.⽅式, 样式样式, 风格
* sole [səul] adj.单独的, 惟⼀的专有的, 独占的
* visible [ˈvizəbl] adj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的明显的, 可察觉到的
* confirm [kənˈfə:m] vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认使巩固, 加强批准; 认可
* eliminate [iˈlimineit] vt.消除, 排除忽略淘汰〈⼜〉⼲掉

33
 * hierarchy [ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n.等级制度统治集团, 领导层
* paradigm [ˈpærədaim] n.(⼀词的)词形变化表范例; 样式; 模范
* somewhat [ˈsʌmhwɔt] adv.稍微, 有点, 达到某种程度
* voluntary [ˈvɔləntəri] adj.⾃愿的, 志愿的义务的, ⽆偿的

Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
isolated topics classics dynamic sole adapt couple prohibits finite identical
1. Disney's early cartoon features are now considered _______________ in the field of animation.
2. Victoria has enacted a new bylaw which _______________ smoking in all public buildings.
3. The better your English language skills, the more you are able to talk about difficult
_______________.
4. _______________ twins develop from the equal division of a fertilized egg.
5. After the birth of her little brother, Sophie was shocked to find that she was no longer the
_______________ object of her parents' affection.
6. The _______________ economy of the U. S. is the envy of the world.
7. Our oil and gas reserves are _______________, so we must take steps to develop alternative energy
sources.
8. In April of 1932, after 5 years of research, an American science professor _______________ vitamin
C.
9. It has taken my family a long time to _______________ to the cold of Canada.
10. I'll be ready in a _______________ of minutes.

eliminating publication ideology decades foundation comprehensive media

adulthood transmitted somewhat
1. We need to do a _______________ review of the plan before putting any large amounts of money
into the idea.
2. Capitalist _______________ does not necessarily have to mean that the poor are left entirely on their
own.
3. When we are born, we have 300 bones, but by _______________, we have only 206.
4. American Airlines saved $40,000 in 1987 by _______________ one olive from each salad served in
first-class.
5. Studies show that the world's governments spent $21,000 billion on the military in the three
_______________ from 1960 to 1990.
6. Participation by the citizenry is the _______________ of democracy.
7. Author Stephen King's _______________ of his novel as a serialization on the Internet was a
miserable failure.
34
8. She likes to mix different _______________, such as paint, plastic and sound in her art works.
9. The planet Mars has a surface which is _______________ similar to that of our moon. 10. The
concert was _______________ by satellite to over 100 different countries.

submitted ultimate empirical quoted globe mode infer comprises definite

advocate
1. Scientists estimate that hydrogen _______________ around 90 to 99 percent of all matter in the
universe.
2. Scientific knowledge accumulates through _______________ observations of the world around us.
3. The first _______________ to show America was made in 1519.
4. The fastest _______________ of transportation in London is the Underground.
5. Personally, I do not _______________ the death penalty under any circumstances.
6. They were able to _______________ from her sad look that she didn't get the job.
7. Visiting the wreck of the Titanic on the ocean floor is the _______________ deep sea diving
adventure.
8. The essay must be _______________ by the end of the month.
9. The mayor was _______________ in the newspaper as being against the proposal.
10. I'm afraid I won't be able to give you a _______________ answer until we have a bit more
information.

graded unique successor denied paradigm innovative confirmed released

equipped aid
1. Everest was not _______________ as the highest mountain peak on Earth until 1863.
2. A black bear was captured in the city and later _______________ in a forested area about 100 miles
from here.
3. The apples have been _______________ according to size, colour and taste.
4. In many developing countries, girls are marginalized and disadvantaged, and are _______________
access to a quality education.
5. Seat belts are necessary even if your car is _______________ with airbags.
6. The new _______________ for a successful business is to encourage more input from the workers.
7. Boris Yeltsin prepared Vladimir Putin to be his _______________ as the leader of Russia.
8. Bennetton's _______________ advertising techniques brought them a great deal of attention, both
positive and negative.
9. While penguins cannot fly, they do flap their wings under water to _______________ in swimming.
10. The meanings of _______________ symbols, rituals, and institutions can be difficult to explain to
different cultures.

35
survived guarantee reverse channel phenomena visible inserting extracted
differentiate contrary
1. In order to get an accurate reading of your temperature, you should close your mouth for a minute or
so before _______________ the thermometer.
2. The ocean is just barely _______________ from our house.
3. You should learn some contextual clues to help you _______________ between the various parts of
speech for English vocabulary which is unfamiliar to you.
4. Citric acid which is _______________ from fruits such as oranges and lemons can be used to make
powerful cleaning products.
5. _______________ to popular belief, drinking moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis can
actually be somewhat beneficial to your health.
6. We _______________ that if you're not completely satisfied with our product, you'll get your money
back, no questions asked.
7. The boys were able to swim across the _______________ between the two islands in just under 30
minutes.
8. I didn't realize the car was in _______________, and I accidentally backed into the wall.
9. Science does not yet have all the answers to explain the _______________ of black holes in space.
10. She _______________ a car accident in which both her parents were killed.

prioritize conversion intervention simulations filed thesis voluntarily chemicals

hierarchical disposable
1. In Vietnam, the emperor Bao Dai _______________ gave up his throne to show his support for that
nation's independence.
2. A study done a few years ago discovered that women's _______________ razors are more expensive
than men's, even though the only difference is colour.
3. The _______________ notions of the traditional culture clash with the democratic principles of
increasing numbers of the population.
4. The _______________ of Eastern European factories into modern facilities since the fall of
communism has been an expensive process.
5. Nicaragua _______________ a claim against Honduras in 1999 over a disputed maritime boundary.
6. You have a lot of different things to do in this job, so it is important to _______________ your tasks to
make sure the most important things are done first.
7. In Hungary in 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a
massive military _______________ by the Soviet Union.
8. Many people feel that scientific tests could be done using computer _______________ instead of live
animals.
9. Greg is defending his _______________ this Thursday.
10. In 1969, the Cuyahoga River in Ohio was so full of oil and _______________ that it actually caught
fire.
36
Sublist 8
* abandon [əˈbændən] n.放任; 纵情 vt.离弃, 丢弃遗弃, 抛弃放弃
* clarify [ˈklærifai] vt. & vi.使清楚; 澄清
* deviate [ˈdi:vieit] vi.偏离; 越轨
* induce [inˈdju:s] vt.引诱, 劝导〈正〉引起, 导致
* plus [plʌs] adj.正的⽐所⽰数量多的附加的, 称⼼的, 有利的 n.加号, 正号 prep.(表⽰包容)外加;
另有(表⽰运算)加, 加上(表⽰数⽬)在零(度)以上, 正
* tense [tens] adj.拉紧的肌⾁绷紧的神经紧张的 n.〈语〉(动词的)时态 vt.(使某⼈或某物)变得紧张
* accompany [əˈkʌmpəni] vt.陪伴, 陪同伴随…同时发⽣伴奏
* commodity [kəˈmɔditi] n.商品, 货物有⽤的东西
* displace [disˈpleis] vt.替换, 取代移⾛
* inevitable [inˈevitəbl] adj.不可避免的, 必然发⽣的〈⾮正〉总会发⽣的, 照例必有的, 惯常的
* practitioner [prækˈtiʃənə] n.习艺者, 实习者从业者(尤指医师)
* terminate [ˈtə:mineit] vt. & vi.结束; 使终结
* accumulate [əˈkju:mjuleit] vt. & vi.堆积; 积累
* complement [ˈkɔmplimənt] n.补充, 互为补充的东西需要的或允许的数额补⾜语 vt.补⾜, 补充
* drama [ˈdrɑ:mə] n.戏剧, 剧本戏剧⽂学[艺术]戏剧性事件[场⾯]
* infrastructure [ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə] n.基础设施; 基础结构
* predominant [priˈdɔminənt] adj.占主导地位的, 显著的
* theme [θi:m] n.主题, 主旨, 题⽬
* ambiguous [æmˈbiɡjuəs] adj.引起歧义的; 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的
* conform [kənˈfɔ:m] vi.遵守, 符合顺应, ⼀致
* eventual [iˈventjuəl] adj.(事件)最终发⽣的; 结果的
* inspect [inˈspekt] vt.检查, 检验视察
* prospect [ˈprɔspekt] n.景象, 景⾊前景; 前途可能成为主顾的⼈; 有希望的候选⼈ vi.勘探; 勘察
* thereby [ˈðɛəbai] adv.由此; 因⽽
* append [əˈpend] vt.附加
* contemporary [kənˈtempərəri] adj.当代的同时代的, 同属⼀个时期的 n.同代⼈, 同龄⼈
* exhibit [iɡˈzibit] n.展览品, 陈列品在法庭提出的证物 vt.显⽰, 显出 vt. & vi.陈列; 展览
* intense [inˈtens] adj.强烈的, 剧烈的; 极端的热情的, 热切的紧张的, 认真的
* radical [ˈrædikəl] adj.根本的, 基本的; 彻底的, 完全的激进的, 激进派的
* uniform [ˈju:nifɔ:m] adj.全都相同的, ⼀律的, 清⼀⾊的 n.制服

37
 * appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieit] vt.感激, 感谢欣赏, 赏识, 重视意识到, 体会 vt. & vi.(使)增值, 涨价
* contradict [ˌkɔntrəˈdikt] vt.与…发⽣⽭盾, 与…抵触 vt. & vi.反驳, 否认…的真实性
* exploit [iksˈplɔit] n.业绩, 功绩, 功勋, 事迹 vt.开采; 开发剥削
* manipulate [məˈnipjuleit] vt.熟练控制[操作]
* random [ˈrændəm] adj.任意的; ⽆计划的(统计)随机的
* vehicle [ˈvi:ɪkl] n.交通⼯具, 车辆传播媒介, ⼿段
* arbitrary [ˈɑ:bitrəri] adj.随意的, 主观的专横的, 独断专⾏的
* crucial [ˈkru:ʃəl] adj.决定性的, 紧要关头的
* fluctuate [ˈflʌktjueit] vi.波动, 涨落, 起伏
* minimise [ˈminimaiz] vt.把…减⾄最低数量[程度]对(某事物)作最低估计; 极⼒贬低(某事物)的价
值[重要性]
* reinforce [ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s] vt.增强; 加强
* via [ˈvaiə] prep.(表⽰⽅式)通过(某⼈), 凭借(某种⼿段)(表⽰关涉)经由, 经过
* automate [ˈɔ:təmeit] vt. & vi.(使)⾃动化
* currency [ˈkʌrənsi] n.通货, 货币流通, 通⽤, 流⾏
* guideline [ˈɡaidlain] n.指导⽅针, 准则
* nuclear [ˈnju:kliə] adj.核的, 原⼦核的使⽤或⽣产核能的
* restore [riˈstɔ:] vt.归还; 交还使恢复修复; 重建
* virtual [ˈvə:tjuəl] adj.实质上的, 事实上的, 实际上的
* bias [ˈbaiəs] n.偏见, 偏⼼, 偏袒 vt.使倾向于
* denote [diˈnəut] vt.为…的符号; 为…的名称指⽰; 指出
* highlight [ˈhailait] n.最精彩的部分, 最重要的事情 vt.强调, 突出, 使显著
* offset [ˈɔfset] vt.抵消, 补偿
* revise [riˈvaiz] vt.修订, 修改 vt. & vi.复习
* visual [ˈviʒuəl] adj.视觉的, 看得见的
* chart [tʃɑ:t] n.图表航海图唱⽚的每周流⾏榜 vt.绘制地图, 在图上标出跟踪; 记述
* detect [diˈtekt] vt.发现; 发觉, 查明
* implicit [imˈplisit] adj.不⾔明[含蓄]的⽆疑问的, 绝对的
* paragraph [ˈpærəɡrɑ:f] n.段落短篇报道
* schedule [ˈʃedju:əl] n.时间表, ⽇程安排表清单, 明细表 vt.排定, 安排
* widespread [ˈwaidspred] adj.分布⼴的; 普遍的, ⼴泛的

38
Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
uniform predominant revising minimize complements arbitrarily induced
abandoned exhibits denotes
1. Greenwich was _______________ established in 1884 as longitude 0 degrees.
2. Aristotle believed that the heavenly bodies moved only in circular orbits at a _______________ speed.
3. Ginger really _______________ the flavour of the vegetables in a stir fry.
4. English is the _______________ language in two of the six inhabited continents.
5. Careful planning can help to _______________ the damage which may occur during an earthquake.
6. The Royal British Columbia Museum features beautiful _______________ of native Indian artwork.
7. The house has looked _______________ since the Bates family moved away 2 years ago.
8. We cannot always anticipate the ways in which natural systems will adjust to changes
_______________ by the activities of modern society.
9. A longer nail on the baby finger of a Chinese man often _______________ a background of wealth
and privilege.
10. We are _______________ the report to include additional information received in the last couple of
weeks.

conform vehicle automated nuclear exploit prospects detecting inevitable

accompanied scheduled
1. Northcote Parkinson once suggested that the chief product of an _______________ society is a
widespread and deepening sense of boredom.
2. _______________ regularities in behaviour through observation is an important part of the scientific
method as applied in the field of psychology.
3. It was _______________ that Sam would be fired because he was always coming to work late and
leaving early.
4. The vast majority of people in this world _______________ to the values and traditions of their own
particular culture.
5. The _______________ family is becoming the standard in more and more countries of the world.
6. Bicycles are the most popular _______________ on the planet, with over a billion riders worldwide.
7. The wind was _______________ by a mixture of snow and rain.
8. His _______________ for finding a better job are much greater now that he has a bit of experience.
9. Final exams have now been _______________ for the last week of June.
10. The development of tools increases people's capacity to _______________ their environment.

39
accumulates fluctuating radical offset contemporary tense biased infrastructure
via deviated
1. When sampling a population, researchers may end up with an unrepresentative or _______________
sample unless the proper precautions are taken.
2. The countries of Eastern Europe went through some fairly _______________ changes after the fall
of communism.
3. Most students feel _______________ before the speaking test.
4. The value of the Canadian dollar has been _______________ between 80 and 82 cents American for
the last few months.
5. When she was 6 years old, Josie decided to become a doctor, and she never once _______________
from the pursuit of that goal.
6. Despite its high economic growth rate, Laos remains a country with a primitive _______________; it
has no railroads, a simple road system, and limited external and internal telecommunications.
7. The U.S. government has promised a large aid package to _______________ the cost of repairing the
damage caused by the war.
8. The Vancouver Art Gallery has an excellent exhibit of paintings by _______________ Canadian
artists.
9. Scientific knowledge _______________ through empirical observations of the world around us.
10. They flew to Japan _______________ Hawaii.

random inspected contradict paragraph guidelines terminate chart virtual

displaced ambiguous
1. His answer to our question was somewhat _______________, so I don't really know what he's going to
do.
2. The results of his experiment seem to _______________ the findings of earlier studies.
3. We are doing a reading course at school that lets us _______________ our progress.
4. Dating, mating and the sexual act are all governed by rules and _______________ which are specific
to a given culture.
5. Tourism has _______________ fishing as this province's principal source of revenue.
6. Summarize the main idea of each _______________ in your own words.
7. The young woman decided to _______________ her pregnancy when she realized that her boyfriend
had no intention of helping her raise the child.
8. Restaurants must be _______________ on a regular basis to ensure standards of cleanliness are met.
9. A big shopping mall is a _______________ heaven for my teenage daughter.
10. Some psychologists believe that dreaming is simply a consequence of _______________ activity in
the brain.

40
highlighted visually clarify intense reinforces crucial theme dramatically plus
appended
1. Let me _______________ what I meant by putting it another way.
2. The media often _______________ stereotypes regarding minorities.
3. The number of young people starting smoking dropped _______________ when the government
raised taxes on cigarettes by over 10%.
4. There are over 20 pages of grammar notes _______________ to the dictionary.
5. The twin attributes of language and culture have been _______________ in enabling the human
species to adapt to a wide range of conditions and environments.
6. Four people have died in the _______________ cold which has hit Southern Ontario and Quebec
this past weekend.
7. Peace is the dominant _______________ in Islam; peace with Allah, with one's soul, with family
and friends, and with all living creatures.
8. The ability to speak a foreign language is a real _______________ in today's job market.
9. Crocodiles and alligators sometimes communicate _______________ through body language.
10. The opposition leader's speech _______________ the need for an increase in health care
spending in our province.

thereby currency commodity eventually practitioner implicit appreciable

manipulated widespread restoration
1. In the dry country of Botswana, the name of the national _______________, the pula, means "rain."
2. Uruguay has neither coal nor petroleum in _______________ quantities.
3. In 1660, the English parliament called for the _______________ of the monarchy, and invited
Charles II to return from France.
4. In modern society, men generally have primary responsibility for _______________ production.
5. His wife works as a massage _______________ in a medical office downtown.
6. Solon, the ruler of Attica (639-559 B.C.), made it illegal to export figs out of Greece,
_______________ making sure there were plenty available for his own citizenry.
7. Indonesians traditionally believe that everyone will _______________ get married, so even a 60-year-
old man, when asked if he is married, will answer "Not yet."
8. In 1739, nearly 500,000 people died in Ireland due to the _______________ crop failure of potatoes.
9. Easily _______________ and exploited, children are often forced into serving as soldiers in some
countries.
10. _______________ in the government's agreement to reduce taxes for the company is a promise to
provide more jobs for local workers.

41
Sublist 9
* accommodate [əˈkɔmədeit] vt.容纳向…提供住处使适应, 顺应
* commence [kəˈmens] vt. & vi.〈正〉开始
* duration [djuəˈreiʃən] n.持续, 持续的时间, 期间
* mature [məˈtjuə] adj.成熟的, 成年⼈的深思的; 慎重的 vi.成熟, 长成
* preliminary [priˈliminəri] adj.初步的, 预备的, 开端的 n.准备⼯作, 初步⾏动
* sphere [sfiə] n.球(体)(兴趣或活动的)范围, 领域
* analogy [əˈnælədʒi] n.类似, 相似类推, 类推法
* compatible [kəmˈpætəbl] adj.可以并存的, 相容的, 协调的
* erode [iˈrəud] vt. & vi.侵蚀, 腐蚀
* mediate [ˈmi:dieit] vi.调停, 调解, 斡旋 vt.居间促成
* protocol [ˈprəutəkɔl] n.礼仪; 外交礼仪(外交条约的)草案, 草约; (尤指)议定的条款, 议定书
* subordinate [səˈbɔ:dinit] adj.级别或职位较低的, 下级的次要的, 附属的
* anticipate [ænˈtisipeit] vt.先于…⾏动预感, 期望
* concurrent [kənˈkʌrənt] adj.同时存在(发⽣、完成)的
* ethic [ˈeθik] n.道德规范,伦理
* medium [ˈmi:djəm] adj.中等的, 适中的 n.媒介, ⼿段, ⽅法, ⼯具折中, 中间物⽣活条件, 环境通
灵的⼈
* qualitative [ˈkwɔlitətiv] adj.定性的, 性质(上)的; 质量的
* supplement [ˈsʌpliment] n.补遗, 补编 vt.增补l
* assure [əˈʃuə] vt.使相信; 使确信保险
* confine [kənˈfain] n.界限, 范围 vt.限制; 局限于禁闭; 管制; 关起来
* format [ˈfɔ:mæt] n.设计, 安排格式, 样式, 版式 vt.使格式化, 编排格式
* military [ˈmilitəri] adj.军事的, 军⽤的; 军⼈的 n.军⼈; 军队, 武装⼒量
* refine [riˈfain] vt.精炼; 精制; 使纯净使⽂雅⾼尚; 使去掉粗俗⾔⾏; 使变得完善
* suspend [səˈspend] vt.暂停, 终⽌悬, 挂, 吊
* attain [əˈtein] vt. & vi.实现, 达到, 得到
* controversy [ˈkɔntrəvə:si] n.公开辩论, 论战
* found [faund] vt.创办, 成⽴; 建⽴
* minimal [ˈminiməl] adj.〈正式〉最⼩的; 极少的
* relax [riˈlæks] vt. & vi.(使)轻松(使)松弛; 放宽
* team [ti:m] n.队, 组 vi.(与某⼈)⼀起⼯作, 合作

42
 * behalf [biˈhɑ:f] n.⽅⾯, 利益, 赞同
* converse [kənˈvə:s] adj.相反的, 逆的 n.逻辑上的事物; 反⾯说法 vi.交谈, 谈话
* inherent [inˈhiərənt] adj.固有的; 内在的
* mutual [ˈmju:tʃuəl] adj.相互的, 彼此的共同的, 共有的
* restrain [risˈtrein] vt.抑制, 遏制; 管制, 克制, 约束
* temporary [ˈtempərəri] adj.临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的
* bulk [bʌlk] n.(巨⼤)物体, (⼤)块, (⼤)团主体, 绝⼤部分 vt. & vi.变得越来越⼤(或重要)
* device [diˈvais] n.装置, 设备, 器具⼿段, 策略
* insight [ˈinsait] n.洞察⼒, 洞悉, 深刻的见解领悟, 顿悟
* norm [nɔ:m] n.标准, 规范准则, ⾏为模式
* revolution [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən] n.⾰命彻底改变, 重⼤变⾰旋转; 运⾏, 公转
* trigger [ˈtriɡə] n.(枪)扳机 vt.引发, 引起(连锁反应)
* cease [si:s] vt. & vi.停⽌, 终⽌, 结束
* devote [diˈvəut] vt.把…奉献(给), 把…专⽤(于)
* integral [ˈintiɡrəl] adj.构成整体所必需的
* overlap [ˌəuvəˈlæp] n.重叠的部分 vt. & vi.部分重叠
* rigid [ˈridʒid] adj.刚硬的; 僵硬的; 不弯曲的严格的; 死板的; 不变的
* unify [ˈju:nifai] vt.使联合, 统⼀使相同; 使⼀致
* coherent [kəuˈhiərənt] adj.条理清楚的, 连贯的; 前后⼀致的
* diminish [diˈminiʃ] vt. & vi.(使)减少; 缩⼩减弱…的权势
* intermediate [ˌɪntəˈmi:djət] adj.中间的; 中级的
* passive [ˈpæsiv] adj.被动的; 消极的; 不抵抗的冷漠的, 不关⼼的
* route [ru:t] n.路, 路途, 路线, 路程
* violate [ˈvaiəleit] vt.违反, 违背亵渎侵犯, 妨碍
* coincide [ˌkəuinˈsaid] vi.同时发⽣相符, ⼀致
* distort [disˈtɔ:t] vt.歪曲, 曲解扭曲, 使变形
* manual [ˈmænjuəl] adj.⽤⼿的, ⼿⼯的 n.⼿册, 指南
* portion [ˈpɔ:ʃən] n.⼀部分, ⼀份 vt.把…分成份额, 分配
* scenario [siˈnɑ:riəu] n.(电影、戏剧等的)剧情说明; 脚本(⾏动的)⽅案, 纲要; (对可能出现的情况
的)描述, 推测
* vision [ˈviʒən] n.视⼒, 视觉想像(⼒), 幻想, 幻觉, 梦想

43
Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
found diminish route bulk norm concurrent team accommodate mature qualitative
1. The _______________ of India's thriving movie industry is based in Bombay.
2. The little boy forgot to deliver a newspaper to one of the houses on his _______________, so he had
to go back after supper.
3. He was really disappointed after his _______________ lost the game 10 - 1.
4. My grandfather helped _______________ this company over 75 years ago.
5. With people having fewer kids these days, the local school can easily _______________ all the
children in the area.
6. Human speech is a vast _______________ expansion over animal communication systems.
7. Cooking and freezing do not _______________ the spicy heat of a hot pepper.
8. Kate is only 7 years old, but she is very _______________ for her age, and is often mistaken for a 10-
year-old.
9. Falling to sleep to the sounds of bombs and gunfire has become the _______________ for many
children living in war-torn countries.
10. The murderer is serving two _______________ life-sentences.

temporary scenarios confines refined ceased mediate distort analogy overlapping

inherent
1. Among some American Indian tribes, it was customary to give newborn males _______________
names; these names were changed later as the boys developed character and showed courage in
manhood.
2. In March of 1848, Niagara Falls _______________ flowing for the first time in recorded history, when
an ice jam in the Niagara River caused the water to stop moving.
3. Vehicles may be closer than they appear in your car mirrors because the glass used to make these
mirrors can _______________ your view.
4. The gas that surrounds a star acts as a blanket that _______________ the star's internal heat.
5. After having a fight with the boss, Kareem asked one of the other managers to _______________
their dispute.
6. Inequities of wealth and power were _______________ features of the traditional Chinese state.
7. Isaac Newton _______________ Kepler's model of planetary motion, but did not perfect it.
8. The management team looked at a number of different _______________ for how the company
could expand over the next five years.
9. Men and women live out their lives in social worlds that are separate at some points and
_______________ at others.
10. When my students worry that they aren't improving, I use the _______________ of my children's
growth: I'm not aware of how much they've grown because I see them every day, but friends who see
them infrequently certainly notice the change.
44
relaxation unanticipated controversial medium duration triggers passively
incoherent sphere insightful
1. The more he drank, the more _______________ his speech became.
2. My mother practised some _______________ techniques to help her deal with the pain she suffered
as a result of having cancer.
3. When studying for a test, it is important to review actively, not _______________.
4. English is used as a _______________ of instruction in more and more countries around the world.
5. Research suggests that a common cold will delay a child's growth for the _______________ of the
illness.
6. During our book club meeting, Joan made a number of _______________ comments that really
helped me to understand the novel better.
7. Research has shown that sex, angry outbursts, and strenuous tennis are among the _______________
identified as responsible for 17 percent of all heart attacks.
8. Throughout history, men have increasingly assumed dominance in the public _______________.
9. We often discuss _______________ topics in class because these topics always get people thinking.
10. Your budget should include a certain percentage for _______________ costs.

unified erode coincide integral military restrain converse assure subordinate

portion
1. Airline seat sales rarely _______________ with peak travel times.
2. Heavy rainfall in mountainous areas can _______________ large zones in a short time.
3. The children _______________ with their mother in Japanese, and with their father in French.
4. The Internet has become an _______________ part of many companies' advertising campaigns
nowadays.
5. China was _______________ under the Qing dynasty in 221 B.C.
6. I'm sorry I'm late with my homework. I _______________ you, it won't happen again.
7. Feminism seeks to change the traditionally _______________ position of women.
8. I put a _______________ of my salary into a savings account each month to use for our summer
vacation.
9. In some countries, young men have to do 1 or 2 years _______________ service beginning around the
age of 18.
10. Grace grabbed her friend by the arm to _______________ him after someone tried to start a fight
with him in the bar.

45
violates preliminary commencing minimal intermediate device supplement
ethics revolution attained
1. The winning car in the race _______________ speeds in excess of 200 kilometres per hour.
2. In geological terms, Mars represents an _______________ phase in planetary development which is
transitional between a body like our moon and a planet like Earth.
3. Forty percent of the world's population lack access to even the most _______________ of toilet
facilities.
4. Based on the _______________ findings of the study, researchers now say that the disease is quite
different from what they had originally suspected.
5. Handicapped residents of the housing complex receive a _______________ to help with rent costs.
6. Sales tax in this province will be increased _______________ next month.
7. Hospitality is an important part of the Nigerian code of _______________.
8. Psychologists label behaviour as abnormal if it _______________ accepted standards of society.
9. In 1876, a spokesman for Western Union suggested that the telephone was a _______________ of no
value.
10. Since Neptune's discovery in 1846, it has made about three-quarters of one _______________
around the sun.

rigidity manually format behalf devoted protocol mutually incompatible vision

suspension
1. Mahatma Gandhi once said that honesty is _______________ with the making of a large fortune.
2. More than 10% of Kenya's total land area is _______________ to national parks and wildlife reserves.
3. We'll need to change the _______________ of our presentation, because they don't have the software
to support a presentation of this kind in the meeting room.
4. George Orwell wrote that people sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand
ready to do violence on their _______________.
5. Belief in religion requires a _______________ of rational thought which I am not prepared to make.
6. There are numerous dialects spoken in Madagascar, but they are all _______________
understandable.
7. The _______________ of these structures makes them vulnerable to cracks in the event of an
earthquake.
8. The accepted _______________ that one is expected to follow when there is an ambulance
approaching is to pull over to the side of the road, and stop.
9. We need someone who has a _______________ of where this company should be headed for the
future.
10. They _______________ moved over a ton of rock from their back yard to make a garden.

46
Sublist 10
* adjacent [əˈdʒeisənt] adj.邻近的
* enormous [iˈnɔ:məs] adj.巨⼤的, 极⼤的, 庞⼤的
* odd [ɔd] adj.奇怪的; 古怪的单的奇数的临时的余下的; 零头的
* albeit [ɔ:lˈbi:ɪt] conj.尽管, 即使
* forthcoming [fɔ:θˈkʌmiŋ] adj.即将到来的现成的, 唾⼿可得的
* ongoing [ˈɔnˌɡəuiŋ] adj.继续进⾏的; 不断前进[发展]中的
* assemble [əˈsembl] vt.装配, 组合 vt. & vi.集合, 收集
* incline [inˈklain] n.斜坡, 斜⾯ vt. & vi.(使)倾斜, (使)偏向(使)认为, (使)倾向
* panel [ˈpænəl] n.专门⼩组⾯; 板控制板, 仪表盘
* collapse [kəˈlæps] n.倒塌, 崩溃 vi.倒塌, 塌下崩溃, 突然失败
* integrity [inˈteɡriti] n.正直; 诚实, 诚恳完整, 完全, 完善
* persist [pəˈsist] vt. & vi.坚持, 固执
* colleague [ˈkɔli:ɡ] n.同事, 同僚
* intrinsic [inˈtrinsik] adj.固有的, 内在的, 本质的
* pose [pəuz] n.姿势, 姿态装腔作势, 伪装 vt.提出 vt. & vi.使摆姿势; 以…⾝份出现
* compile [kəmˈpail] vt.收集; 编辑, 编制
* invoke [inˈvəuk] vt.援引, 援⽤; ⾏使(权利等)祈求救助恳求; 乞求
* reluctance [riˈlʌktəns] n.不愿意；勉强
* conceive [kənˈsi:v] vt. & vi.想出, 构想, 设想怀孕
* levy [ˈlevi] n.征收; 征税 vt.征收(税收等)
* so-called [ˈsəʊˈkɔ:ld] adj.所谓的,号称的
* convince [kənˈvins] vt.使相信; 使明⽩
* likewise [ˈlaikwaiz] adv.同样地, 照样地也, 又
* straightforward [streitˈfɔ:wəd] adj.(⼈或其态度)正直的, 坦率的; ⽼实的简单的; 易懂的
* depress [diˈpres] vt.压下; 推下; 拉下使愁苦; 使沮丧使跌价; 使萧条
* nonetheless [ˌnʌnðəˈles] adv.虽然如此,但是
* undergo [ˌʌndəˈɡəu] vt.经历, 承受
* encounter [inˈkauntə] n.突然遇到 vt.遇到, 遭遇偶然碰到, 邂逅
* notwithstanding [ˌnɔtwiθˈstændiŋ] adv.尽管如此; 仍然; 然⽽ prep.(表⽰让步)〈正〉尽管
* whereby [hwɛəˈbai] adv.靠那个; 凭那个; 借以

47
Exercise
填空练习，选择恰当的词填⼊句⼦中
nonetheless adjacent invoking conceive straightforward pose collapsing inclined
ongoing encounter
1. Firefighters had to abandon their efforts to fight the fire, because the building was in danger of
_______________.
2. If you _______________ a bear while hiking, the best thing to do is to back away quietly.
3. There is a beautiful little park _______________ to the house we're going to buy.
4. I usually find that Jasper doesn't really know what he's talking about; however, I'm _______________
to agree with him on this point.
5. By _______________ a clause in the contract guaranteeing a fixed price, management was able to
avoid paying for the increase in fuel costs. r
6. I didn't need any help. The instructions were pretty _______________.
7. American politician Jesse Jackson once said, "If my mind can _______________ it, and my heart can
believe it, I know I can achieve it."
8. I lost the game, but I told myself that I had improved a lot _______________.
9. She was offered over a million dollars to _______________ nude in a magazine, but she refused.
10. There is an _______________ dispute between the two countries regarding fishing rights off the
coast.

enormous integrity undergo panel colleagues albeit notwithstanding convincing

reluctant levy
1. Back trouble _______________, Henderson had his best game of the season.
2. Janet and I were _______________ when I worked in the Department of National Defence.
3. He sent his girlfriend an _______________ bunch of flowers on her birthday.
4. The premier announced an additional _______________ on gasoline to pay for road maintenance.
5. She made a profit, _______________ a very small one, on her first investment in the stock market.
6. The students gave a _______________ argument for doing their presentations in groups rather than
individually.
7. After the news tonight, we'll hear from a _______________ of experts on the effects of the
government's new legislation.
8. _______________ in your business dealings means that you consider the needs of your client before
your desire to make a profit.
9. In the past, many companies were _______________ to hire women professionals because they feared
the women would quit when they got married.
10. Any animals brought into the country must _______________ a thorough examination to make sure
they are not bringing any disease with them.

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so-called likewise intrinsically disassembly whereby oddly depression
compilation forthcoming persistence
1. Oliver, usually the biggest talker, was _______________ silent at yesterday's meeting.
2. Since 1951, 67,500 nuclear missiles have been built, of which 8,750 are currently active, and 1,250 are
awaiting _______________.
3. Scientists have found chocolate has a chemical that helps fight _______________.
4. His wife is taking some silly course in this _______________ institute where they claim to teach people
to read minds.
5. Research into second language learning suggests that _______________ is one of the most important
learning strategies.
6. His latest album is a _______________ of some of his personal favourite, though lesser-known songs.
7. My boss told me that additional funds for the project would be _______________ within a few days.
8. The two countries have come to an agreement _______________ they will share the revenues from oil
discovered in the disputed territory.
9. I believe that people are _______________ good, but may become bad due to a difficult childhood.
10. If you ever need any help, give me a call, and _______________, if I need some assistance, I'll let
you know.

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