BITUMINOUS MATERIALS & FERROUS AND NONFERROUS METALS

(REVIEWER)

BITUMINOUS MATERIALS- Bituminous materials are dark brown or

black semi-solid or liquid thermoplastic hydrocarbon mixtures formed
from natural or manufactured processes in which hydrocarbon
mixtures lose their volatile components, leaving a heavier residue.
Pitch is a solid or semi-solid byproduct of tar partial evaporation or
fractional distillation.
Coal-tar pitch is the most common material of this kind of pitch.
Bitumen- A thick black mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or
as a byproduct of petroleum distillation. It is used in road surfacing
and roofing.

Bitumen occurs naturally in the mud at the bottom of lakes and other
water sources, can also be found from existing sources of petroleum.
It is primarily used for industrial purposes. It is used as a binder in
asphalt for roads, runways, parking lots and foot paths. Gravel and
crushed rocks are mixed with bitumen and applied to roadways.

ASPHALT
Two types of asphalt:
The natural asphalt obtains naturally.
The residual asphalt occurs by fractional distillation of crude
petroleum oil with an asphalt base.

Asphalt paving cements are employed as binders in the construction

of more expensive asphalt pavements.
Liquid Paving asphalts- Paving with liquid asphalts is a
cost-cuttingmeasure. When gasoline is employed as asolvent, it
produces a fast-curing liquid asphalt;kerosene produces a
medium-curing asphalt;and heavier fuel oils make a slow-curing
asphalt.
Cutback Bitumen- Bitumen mix with a volatile solvent is cutback
bitumen. This enables its applicationconsiderable at low temperature.
Bitumen Emulsion- Liquid product form by mixing molten bitumen
with hot water in the presence of an emulsifying agent. It consists of
soap or resinous bodies.
 FERROUS & NON- FERROUS

Ferrous comes to us from the Latin word ferrum, which means “iron.”
That's also where the Atomic symbol for iron, Fe, comes from.

FERROUS METALS

Steel - a malleable alloy of iron and carbon produced by melting and

refining pig iron and/ or
scrap steel, graded according to the carbon content. Elements such
as manganese and silicon may be included to provide special
properties. Produce by three basic raw materials, iron ore, and
limestone.

Cold Rolled Steel- Has a fine surface finish, tight size tolerance, and
excellent machinability. Therefore, it is widely used in many
applications, including manufacturing, construction, home
appliances, automobiles, machinery, and so on.

Wrought Iron- Is produced when pig iron is melted in such a way as to

remove nearly all of the carbon and other impurities. It is easily
worked and is tough and ductile. It's main use
are for roofing sheets, wire and metal ornaments.Historical uses of
wrought iron were decorative: fences, gates, railings, balconies,
porches, canopies, roof cresting, lamp, grilles, hardware, nails, etc..

Manganese Steel- O ffers great resistance to abrasion and finds

important use in the cutting edges of heavy digging tools.
Because of its self hardening properties, manganese steel has been
used in the mining industry for many years – cement mixers, rock
crushers, crawler treads for tractors, elevator and shovel buckets – as
well as in the rail industry (switches and crossings) and other high
impact environments.

Weathering/Cortez Steel- A recently developed grade of steel. It forms

its own protection against atmospheric corrosion and thus requires
no painting.

Rivets- A type of fastener that is used for permanent assembly of

product or workpiece.

Copper- Has high resistance to corrosion and used for making sheets
and metal lath

Lead- used for roofing, flashing and spandrel wall panels. It is very
easy to cut and work with