CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Construction Materials (Spec, Uses, Price)

1. Rebars - used to help concrete withstand tension forces and can be seen during assembly of
columns, slab, beams, etc.
Types:
Deformed Steel Bars – Primarily used to reinforce steel sections that have been encased in
concrete. Along with high tensile strength, these bars are very flexible and easy to weld and
maintain.
Mild Steel Bar – This are plain and round. Often used for columns and road projects, these are in
smaller in size, and very easy to cut and bend. For light and small types of construction these are
recommended.
European Rebar – It is made from manganese, making them very flexible to use. But their
flexibility are not durable enough for earthquakes and hurricanes.
Carbon Steel Rebar – One of the most durable types of rebar. It is light and very flexible, making
them excellent choices for different kinds of construction projects.
Epoxy Coated Rebar – For against corrosion, this is the best rebar option. A standard steel bar
that is reinforced with an epoxy coating that makes it highly resistant to different types of
corrosion, while still having the same tensile strength.
Galvanized Rebar – One of the most durable and corrosion-resistant types of rebar. It is more
expensive than the standard type but provides the best protection from corrosion and natural
events.
Stainless Steel Rebar – Great use for outdoor and exposed areas. Being one of the best types of
metal when it comes to resisting corrosion, stainless steel rebars are highly resistant to various
elements.
Size/s available in the Philippines:
10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, 32mm, 36mm, 40mm, 50 mm
Price/s:
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2. Concrete – is used for many applications, including basic foundations, superstructures,

wastewater treatment facilities, water treatment facilities, parking structures, floor
construction, and exterior surfaces.
Types:

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

It is the most widely used type of cement which is suitable for all general concrete construction. It
is most widely produced and used type of cement around the world with annual global production
of around 3.8 million cubic meters per year. This cement is suitable for all type of concrete
construction.

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

It is prepared by grinding pozzolanic clinker with Portland cement. It is also produced by adding
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pozzolana with the addition of gypsum or calcium sulfate or by intimately and uniformly blending
Portland cement and fine pozzolana.

This cement has high resistance to various chemical attacks on concrete compared with ordinary
Portland cement and thus it is widely used. It is used in marine structures, sewage works, sewage
works and for laying concrete under water such as bridges, piers, dams and mass concrete works
etc.

Rapid Hardening Cement

Rapid hardening cement attains high strength in early days it is used in concrete where formworks
are removed at an early stage and is like ordinary portland cement.

The strength of rapid hardening cement at the 3 days is like 7 days strength of OPC with the same
water-cement ratio. Thus, advantage of this cement is that formwork can be removed earlier which
increases the rate of construction and decreases cost of construction by saving formwork cost.

Rapid hardening cement is used in prefabricated concrete construction, road works, etc.

Quick setting cement

The difference between the quick setting cement and rapid hardening cement is that quick setting
cement sets earlier while rate of gain of strength is similar to Ordinary Portland Cement, while
rapid hardening cement gains strength quickly. Formworks in both cases can be removed earlier.

Quick setting cement is used where works is to be completed in very short period and for
concreting in static or running water.

Low Heat Cement

Low heat cement is prepared by maintaining the percentage of tricalcium aluminate below 6% by
increasing the proportion of C2S. This makes the concrete to produce low heat of hydration and
thus is used in mass concrete construction like gravity dams, as the low heat of hydration prevents
the cracking of concrete due to heat.

This cement has increased power against sulphates and is less reactive and initial setting time is
greater than OPC.

Sulphates Resisting Cement

Sulfate resisting cement is used to reduce the risk of sulphate attack on concrete and thus is used in
construction of foundations where soil has high sulphate content. This cement has reduced
contents of C3A and C4AF.

Sulfate resisting cement is used in construction exposed to severe sulphate action by water and soil
in places like canals linings, culverts, retaining walls, siphons etc.

Blast Furnace Slag Cement

Blast furnace slag cement is obtained by grinding the clinkers with about 60% slag and resembles
more or less in properties of Portland cement. It can be used for works economic considerations is
predominant.

High Alumina Cement

High alumina cement is obtained by melting mixture of bauxite and lime and grinding with the
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clinker. It is a rapid hardening cement with initial and final setting time of about 3.5 and 5 hours
respectively.

The compressive strength of this cement is very high and more workable than ordinary portland
cement and is used in works where concrete is subjected to high temperatures, frost, and acidic
action.

White Cement
It is prepared from raw materials free from Iron oxide and is a type of ordinary portland cement
which is white in color. It is costlier and is used for architectural purposes such as precast curtain
wall and facing panels, terrazzo surface etc. and for interior and exterior decorative work like
external renderings of buildings, facing slabs, floorings, ornamental concrete products, paths of
gardens, swimming pools etc.

Colored cement
It is produced by mixing 5- 10% mineral pigments with ordinary cement. They are widely used for
decorative works in floors.

Air Entraining Cement

Air entraining cement is produced by adding indigenous air entraining agents such as resins, glues,
sodium salts of sulphates etc. during the grinding of clinker.

This type of cement is especially suited to improve the workability with smaller water cement ratio
and to improve frost resistance of concrete.

Expansive Cement
Expansive cement expands slightly with time and does not shrink during and after the time of
hardening. This cement is mainly used for grouting anchor bolts and prestressed concrete ducts.

Hydrographic cement
Hydrographic cement is prepared by mixing water repelling chemicals and has high workability and
strength. It has the property of repelling water and is unaffected during monsoon or rains.
Hydrophobic cement is mainly used for the construction of water structures such dams, water
tanks, spillways, water retaining structures etc.

Price/s:
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3. Wood – It can be used to add both aesthetic and support to a home.

Type/s:
Hardwood - can be made into exterior application like for the window frames, walls, floor,
doors, and other durable pieces of furniture.
Examples:

Molave - has a fine texture that makes it smooth to the touch. It is ideal for window frames,
shipbuilding, structural posts, railroad tracks, and other outdoor applications.

Kamagong – a.k.a. ‘Philippine Ebony’, With a black heartwood and gray sapwood, this produces
really dramatic, dark timber hence the name. Kamagong is ideal for small, decorative pieces.

Narra - is a popular tropical wood that has tones that range from yellow to red. Narra is ideal for
furnishings, floor planks, and wall panels because of its fine grain texture. The wood itself is
lustrous and has an attractive odor.

Yakal - This resinous wood with yellow to golden-red tones is another local mahogany type. A
high-grade timber, yakal can tolerate harsh hot and cold weathers.

Tanguile trees - A moderately hard reddish wood, Tanguile is one of the seven local woods often
referred to as Philippine Mahogany. This abundant wood type boasts of fine ribbon or straight
grain. It's relatively soft and easy to work on, but resilient enough for outdoor construction.

Softwood
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Medium Hardwood - refers to a versatile type of wood that subtly varies in terms of colour and
tone. It's often used for interior decorating, often as a type of flooring with a geometric mosaic
or patterns called parquet.

Timber - may either come from hardwood or softwood. It's usually the material used for beams,
planks, and columns.

Veneer - which is a thin layer of wood bonded with other manufactured wood like plywood, the
Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF), or the chipboard. Veneers are often used for more luxurious
pieces of furniture hence their more costly nature.

Artificial wood - It can contain wood byproducts and it can also be made entirely of vinyl,
aluminum, or plastic. People prefer this over natural wood because modern technology has
allowed it to be more insect resistant, maintenance-free, and durable altogether while still
mimicking the beauty of natural wood.

Wood siding - an external application that covers the walls of buildings and houses. It's paneled
design allows water to slide through, insulates the interior, protects the home from harsh
weather, and of course enhance the beauty of residential facades.

Price/s:
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4. Stone - used in buildings for flooring, roofing, masonry, paving roads and also as aggregates for
concrete.
Type/s:
Basalt
Granite
Sandstone
Slate
Limestone
Laterite
Marble
Gneiss
Quartzite
Travetine
Price/s:
Php 400-450 (Basalt)
Php 5,000-50,000 (Granite)
Php 3,500 (Sandstone)
Php 8,000/sq.m (Marble)
Php 5,000-15,000 (Quartz)
5. Scaffolding – temporary platform used to elevate and support workers and materials during the
construction, repair, or cleaning of a structure.
Type/s:
Suspended Scaffolds
Supported Scaffolds
Aerial Lifts
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Price/s:

6. Metals - The most common kind of metal in Philippine construction is steel. This is because steel
can be produced quickly and in big batches, which makes it ideal for local construction
businesses. Steel in the Philippines is mostly used to support walls, roofs, and the base of
structures.
Type/s:

Aluminium - is one of the primary engineering materials used. It is not only durable, but it’s also
functional and lightweight.

Stainless steel - is primarily made of carbon and iron, and it generally contains 10 to 30 per cent
chromium.

Copper - is used in things like wiring and electronics so much is that it conducts electricity and
heat thoroughly.

Brass - It is primarily a combination of copper and zinc, usually used as decorations.

Mild steel - carbon steel that consists of a low amount of carbon

Price/s:
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7. Nails – used for fastening one or more objects to each other.

Type/s:
Common Nails
Framing Nails
Box Nails
Sinker Nails
Deck Nails
Roofing Nails
Masonry Nails
Siding Nails
Joist Hanger Nails
Duplex Nails
Pole Barn Nails
Connector Nails
Cap Nails
Trim Nails
Finish Nails
Brad Nails
Pin Nails
Drywall Nails
Panel Board Nails
Flooring Nails
Furniture Nails
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Price/s:
Per Box ranges from Php 120 – Php250
8. Aggregates – Used in strengthening foundation and the structure itself.
Type/s:
Coarse Aggregates - refer to irregular and granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed
stone, and are used for making concrete.
Fine Aggregates – consist of natural sand or any crushed stone particles that are ¼” or smaller
Price/s:
Coarse – 440/cu.m
Fine – 465/cu.m
9. Waterproofing – improves the durability of many different surfaces in construction.
Type/s:
Cementitious Waterproofing - This type of waterproofing is used for indoor areas, which means
the cemented area is not touched by sunlight and external weathering.
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Liquid Waterproofing Membrane - begins with a liquid membrane sprayed or applied by the use
of a brush or roller on the surface. The end product is a thick joint-free membrane on the
concrete surface which fills in the cracks creating a protective vapor barrier system.  
Bitmunious Waterproofing Membrane - A layer of bituminous waterproof membrane laid over
any structural flooring should act as a shield or defense against the seepage of water.
Bitmunious Coating - is a type of coating used to create a vapor-proof and flexible protective
coat that takes its formulation and polymerization grade.
Polyutherane Liguid Membrane - One of the benefits of polyurethane liquid application is that it
does not emit any solvent odors. This makes it highly suitable for buildings and establishments
that prohibit the use of odor-emitting solvents.
Price/s:
Php 2,799 (Cemetitious Waterproofing)

10. Glass – is used in various methods during construction projects with an exact form and type. The
most familiar glass forms are fiberglass products that are being used for insulation and
translucent panels, transparent blocks, and windows.

Type/s:

Soda Lime Glass or Float Glass - is a mixture of sodium silicate and calcium silicate. It is smooth at
low temperature, and it can be blown or welded easily when infusion condition. It is colorless and it
is mainly used for windowpanes and for the laboratory tubes and other apparatus.

Potash Lead Glass - A type of glass with a mixture of potassium silicate and lead silicate. Its
properties possess bright luster and great refractive power. It is mostly used in the manufacturing
of artificial gems, electric bulbs, and lenses.

Common Glass - A mixture of sodium, calcium, and iron silicate. It is brown, green, and yellow in
color and mainly used for in manufacturing medicine bottles.

Shatterproof Glass - It is used for windows, skylights, floors etc. Some type of plastic polyvinyl
butyral is added in the making process so it cannot form sharp-edged pieces when it breaks.

Double Glazed Units - This type of glass is made by providing an air gap between two glass panes to
reduce heat loss and gain.

Special Glasses - Some properties of glasses can be suitably altered by changing basic ingredients
and adding a few more ingredients. It is now emerged as a versatile material to meet any special
requirement in engineering.

Price/s:
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11. Plumbing Pipes – for water supply, drainage, waste disposal made of different materials.
Type/s:
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Price/s:
Ranges from Php 60 to Php 800
12. Sealant – to prevent fluids and other substances from passing through material surfaces, joints,
or openings.
Type/s:
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Price/s:
Ranges from Php 150 to Php 400
13. Roofing – serving to protect against rain, snow, sunlight, wind, and extremes of temperature.
Type/s:
Asphalt Shingles
Metal Roofing
Tile Roofing
Wood Roofing
Price/s:
Ranges from Php 350 to Php 800
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14. Bricks - are usually formed from clay and are good for dry climates. These are easy to use as
there are already pre-shaped bricks that can be easily stacked.
Type/s:
Facing bricks
Engineering bricks
Common bricks
Price/s:
Php 1000 - Php 1600/sq.m
15. Tie wire – used in tying reinforcement bars and reinforcing mesh.
Type/s:
GI Wires
Price/s:
Php 80/kg
16. Foam – used for its lightweight, durable properties in sealing and thermal insulation
applications. Its flexibility and non-fibrous properties make it an ideal thermal and acoustic
insulator.
Type/s:

Foam board or rigid foam

Structural insulated panels (SIPs)

Sprayed foam and foamed-in-place

Insulating concrete forms (ICFs)

Price/s:
Ranges from –
Php 150 to Php 500 (Foam Board)
Php 2340 (SIPs)
Php 1528 (Sprayed foam)
Php 1071 (ICFs)
17. Hollow blocks - Used for building internal and external walls
Type/s:
Aerated concrete
Hemp block
Unfired clay block
Insulated concrete form (ICF) blocks
Price/s:
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18. Plastic – used for seals, profiles (windows and doors), pipes, cables, floor coverings, and
insulation.
Type/s:
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polypropylene

Polycarbonate

Composite

Acrylic

Price/s:
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19. Paint – for visual appeal, surface durability, chemical protection and pest protection
Type/s:
Flat Latex – Ceiling, sidings
Gloss - Wall
Semi-Gloss - Wall
Enamel – For wood and metal
Price/s:
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20. Ceramic Tiles - are usually found in kitchens and bathrooms. This is because ceramic is water
resistant, which makes any stains easy to clean. Ceramic is also popular as there are a number of
different designs customers can choose from depending on the style of their home.
Type/s:

Glazed

Unglazed

Porcelain

Price/s:

Price ranges from Php 80 to 1499

Reference/s:

https://www.philippineminingclub.com/13-types-of-cement-and-their-uses-in-concrete-construction/

https://www.theprojectestimate.com/ready-mix-concrete-price-list/

https://reganindustrial.com/blog/homemade-commonly-used-construction-materials-philippine-
houses/

https://www.realliving.com.ph/home-improvement/building-renovating/6-types-of-local-hardwood-for-
your-home

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1947/06/27/executive-order-no-66/

https://www.homify.ph/ideabooks/2894378/7-types-of-wood-you-can-use-for-your-house

https://philconprices.com/category/glass-price-philippines/

https://www.aluminiumwarehouse.co.uk/blog/common-metals-in-the-construction-industry/
#:~:text=There%20are%20a%20wide%20variety,some%20of%20the%20most%20common.

http://www.magkano.com/construction/hardware.htm
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https://www.foam-expo.eu/about/fme-construction#:~:text=In%20the%20building%20and
%20construction,ideal%20thermal%20and%20acoustic%20insulator.

https://www.baumerk.com/blog/what-are-the-waterproofing-materials

https://flooringsolutions.ph/waterproofing-philippines/

https://www.theprojectestimate.com/scaffolding-price-list/

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sealants_in_construction#:~:text=Sealants%20are%20used
%20in%20construction,acting%20as%20a%20firestopping%20component.

https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/philippines-roofing-market#:~:text=The
%20three%20most%20common%20types,(cedar)%2C%20and%20metal.