CHEMISTRY FOR

ENGINEERS

BY: ENGR. VINCENT T. VASQUEZ, RMP

 TOPICS
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

• CHEMISTRY: THE STUDY OF MATTER

• PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTER

• PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• CHANGES IN MATTER

• PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES

• ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

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• NAMES AND CHEMICAL SYMBOLS OF THE ELEMENTS
 1.1 CHEMISTRY: THE STUDY OF MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

• Chemistry is the field of study concerned with the characteristics, composition, and transformations
of matter.
• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. The term mass refers to the amount of matter
present in a sample.
• Matter includes all naturally occurring things—both living and non-living—that can be seen (such as
plants, soil, and rocks), as well as things that cannot be seen (such as air and bacteria).
• The scope of chemistry is extremely broad, and it touches every aspect of our lives. An iron gate
rusting, a chocolate cake baking, the production in a laboratory of an antibiotic or a plastic
composite, the diagnosis and treatment of a heart attack, the propulsion of a jet airliner, and the
digesting of food all fall within the realm of chemistry.

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 1.2 PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

Three physical states exist for matter: solid, liquid, and gas. The classification of a given
matter sample in terms of physical state is based on whether its shape and volume are definite or
indefinite.

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 1.3 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

A property is a distinguishing characteristic of a substance that is used in its

identification and description. Each substance has a unique set of properties that
distinguishes it from all other substances. Properties of matter are of two general
types: physical and chemical.

• A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed

without changing the basic identity of the substance. Common physical
properties include color, physical state (solid, liquid, or gas), melting point,
boiling point, and hardness.

• A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that describes the way

the substance undergoes or resists change to form a new substance. For
example, copper objects turn green when exposed to moist air for long periods
of time (Figure 1.3); this is a chemical property of copper

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 1.3 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

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 1.3 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

ANSWER KEY:

Chemical
Physical
Chemical
Physical

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 1.3 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

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 1.3 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

ANSWER KEY:

Physical
Chemical
Physical

Chemical

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 1.4 CHANGES IN MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

Changes take place when food is digested, paper is burned, and a pencil is
sharpened. Like properties of matter, changes in matter are classified into two
categories: physical and chemical.

• A physical change is a process in which a substance changes its physical

appearance but not its chemical composition. A new substance is never formed
as a result of a physical change. A change in physical state is the most
common type of physical change. Melting, freezing, evaporation, and
condensation are all changes of state.

• A chemical change is a process in which a substance undergoes a change in

chemical composition. Chemical changes always involve conversion of the
material or materials under consideration into one or more new substances,
each of which has properties and a composition distinctly different from those
of the original materials.
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 1.4 CHANGES IN MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

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 1.4 CHANGES IN MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

ANSWER KEY:

Physical

Chemical
Physical

Chemical

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 1.4 CHANGES IN MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

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 1.4 CHANGES IN MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

ANSWER KEY:

Chemical
Physical

Chemical
Physical

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 1.4 CHANGES IN MATTER
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

ANSWER KEY:

Chemical
Physical

Chemical
Physical

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 1.5 PURE SUBSTANCES VS MIXTURES
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

In addition to its classification by physical state (Section 1.2), matter can also be classified in terms
of its chemical composition as a pure substance or as a mixture.

• A pure substance is a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of
matter by any physical means. All samples of a pure substance contain only that substance
and nothing else. Pure water is water and nothing else. Pure sucrose (table sugar) contains
only that substance and nothing else.

• A mixture is a physical combination of two or more pure substances in which each

substance retains its own chemical identity. Components of a mixture retain their identity
because they are physically mixed rather than chemically combined.

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 1.5.1. PURE SUBSTANCES
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

Matter falls into two basic classes: pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance can be either
an element or a compound.

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 1.5.2. MIXTURES
CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERSS

Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous

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 CHEMISTRY FOR

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ENGINEERSS
 1.6 NAMES AND CHEMICAL SYMBOLS OF THE
CHEMISTRY FOR

ELEMENTS
ENGINEERSS

• Each element has a unique name that, in most cases, was selected by its discoverer. A wide
variety of rationales for choosing a name have been applied. Some elements bear geographical
names, named for planets. Some elements carry names that reflect specific properties of the
element or of the compounds that contain it.

• Abbreviations called chemical symbols also exist for the names of the elements. A chemical
symbol is a one- or two-letter designation for an element derived from the element’s name.

• An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the
element. A sample of any element is composed of atoms of a single type, those of that element.

• A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are
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 CHEMISTRY FOR

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ENGINEERSS
 CHEMISTRY FOR

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ENGINEERSS
 CHEMISTRY FOR

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ENGINEERSS
THANK YOU

“STUDY EFFECTIVELY”