Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal

DJJ10033
WORKSHOP
TECHNOLOGY
Pn Nurazlinda Binti Yahya
HAND TOOLS
FITTING WORK
 What are Hand Tools?

A hand tool is any tool that is powered by hand rather

than a motor. Categories of hand tools
include wrenches, pliers, cutters, files, striking tools,
struck or hammered tools, screwdrivers, vises,
clamps, snips, saws, drills, and knives.
COMMON HAND TOOLS
COMMON HAND TOOLS
 Hacksaw
● used for cutting materials by hand
Hacksaw
There are two types of hack saw frames:

Solid hacksaw frame Adjustable hacksaw frame

only one particular standard different standard lengths of
length of blade can be blades can be fitted to
used with this frame this frame.
Cutting with the hacksaw:
When cutting, move
your body rather
than just your arms.

Apply pressure only

during the forward
stroke (cutting
Hold the hacksaw The saw blade is to stroke).
properly at an angle be clamped so that
of 30 the teeth are The usual cutting
showing into the speed is from 40 to
pushing direction. 50 strokes per
minute.
Safety and Care of Hacksaw
 The cutting action is carried on the forward action
only. So the blade must be mounted with its teeth
pointing forward.
 Suitable tension should be applied on the blade to
avoid breakage or loosen.
 Change the blade if some teeth are broken.
 Avoid rapid and erratic strokes of cut.
 Avoid too much pressure.
 Workpiece must be hold firmly.
 FILES
used to cut, smooth, or shape parts, usually metal

Grade - the spacing

Shape - the cross-
and pitch of the
sectional profile.
teeth.

categorized

Length - measured
Cut - the patterns of
from the shoulder to
cutting edge
the tip.
Parts of the files

01
File Types
File Types
 Grade
 The grade of cut of a file refers to the spacing of
the teeth and determines the coarseness or
smoothness of the file.

 Three standard grades of cut in common use

Bastard cut - medium teeth for general purposes,
specially suitable for mild steel.
Second cut - finer teeth for cutting hard metals.
Smooth cut - fine teeth for finishing.
Grade of Cut
 Filling work
Filing is a two-handed
operation

1. to grip the file

correctly
2. to stand correctly
at the vice.
3. pressure is applied
Safety and Care of Files
 Never throw files on top of each other in a drawer,
as the teeth may be chipped.
 Never knock the file on its edge to get rid of filings
in the teeth – use a file brush.
 Do not exert too much pressure when using a new
file
 avoid using a new file on rough surfaces of
castings, welds or hard scale.
 Always use a properly fitted handle of the correct
size
 Hammer
● a tool meant to deliver blows
to an object.
● The most common uses are for
driving nails, fitting parts, and
breaking up objects.

● Hammers are often designed

for a specific purpose, and
vary widely in their shape and
structure. Usual features are a
handle and a head, with most
of the weight in the head.
 Types of Hammer

Cross Peen Hammer

Stretching Hammer
Ball Peen Hammer

Soft Hammer or
Straight-peen Claw hammer
Mallet
hammer
 Using a Hammer
Always use a hammer
It should be held near which is heavy enough
the end of the handle to deliver the required
with the face of the force but not too
hammer parallel to the heavy to be tiring in
work. use.

A grip just tight

Keep the hands and
enough to control the
the hammer handle
blow is best.
free from grease and
oil
 Chisel
A tool with a
characteristically shaped
cutting edge (such that wood
chisels have lent part of their
name to a particular grind) of
blade on its end, for carving
or cutting a hard material
such as wood, stone, or
metal by hand, struck with a
mallet, or mechanical power
Tap and Die
 Tap
● used to cut the internal
screw threads. Taps
are made of hardened
High Carbon Steel or
High Speed Steel
 Die
● used for cutting external threads on round bar or
tubes. Dies are made of Hardened High Carbon
Steel or High Speed Steel.

Split Die Die nuts

or Button
Die
Measurement tools
 Vernier caliper
● give a direct reading of the distance measured with
high accuracy and precision. They are functionally
identical, with different ways of reading the result.
 Digital caliper

Vernier Height
Dial caliper Gauge
Parts of Vernier Calipers
Parts of Vernier Calipers
How to read
 Micrometer
● a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely
used for precise measurement of components[1] in
mechanical engineering and machining as well as
most mechanical trades
Types Of Micrometer
Parts - Inside Micrometer
Parts - Outside Micrometer
Parts – Depth Micrometer
How to read
How to read
How to read
How to read
How to read
Metric Micrometer
How to read
Metric Micrometer
Try
Answers
Try
THANKS