Effectivity of Citronella Extracted Powder Coating As An Organic Mosquito Repellant

EFFECTIVITY OF CITRONELLA EXTRACTED POWDER COATING AS AN
ORGANIC MOSQUITO REPELLANT
Cadornio, Cllyv Jaren D.
Researcher
Output in Research II
Research Adviser
2022
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SANTIAGO CITY
SANTIAGO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calaocan, Santiago City
(1) PROJECT PROFILE
Project Title: Effectivity-of-Citronella-extracted-powder-coating-as-an-Organic-Mosquito-repellant
Names of Project Proponents: Cllyv Jaren D. Cadornio
Region: 2 Division: Santiago City
School: Santiago City National High School Grade Level: 10
Project Duration (number of months):
Email: cllyvjarencadornio@gmail.com
Contact Number: 09391159881
(2) CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4) THEME
___ Physical Science _____ Food Safety
 Life Science _____ Water Conservation
___ Robotics and Intelligent _____ Renewable Energy
Machines _____ Cyber Security
___ Mathematics and _____ Traffic/Road Congestion
Computational Sciences _____ Health
_____ Disaster Mitigation
 Agriculture and Environment

(3)
_____ Others (pls specify)
 Individual
___ Team
(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (not to exceed 200 words)
ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

TELEPHONE NO.: (078) 305-0110/0917-1241809
EMAIL ADDRESS: 300599@DEPED.GOV.PH
Citronella grass (scientific name: Cymbopogon Nardus) is currently known for its mosquito repelling
traits. Its widely known end products are essential oils, and organic repellants. However, there is a significant
lack of products without synthetic or artificial chemicals into the mix. Specifically, in the paint and coatings
products. Thus, the researchers hope to introduce and test the effectiveness of the Citronella-extracted powder
coating which will have the main function of warding off mosquitoes. The following objectives: 1.) To reduce
the presence of disease carrying mosquitoes; 2.) To aid in reducing cases of mosquito-borne diseases like
dengue and malaria; 3.) To provide an organic and effective alternative for the commercial-bases mosquito
repellant; 4.) And to provide a new application of the mosquito-repelling properties possessed by the
Citronella grass to pave way for new researches and studies. The study intends to have a posttest-only control
group research design which tests the effectivity of the product using an uncoated object as a control group
and a coated duplicate of the said object as the experimental group. Both are intended to be tested on a
controlled environment made by the researcher/s.
(6) INTRODUCTION
(6.1) RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE (not to exceed 300 words)
The Philippines is home to various vector-borne diseases because of its hot and humid climate,
poor and unhygienic environment, and rural environments. According to the World Health Organization
(2020), Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are
transmitted by bloodsucking insects. They account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases, causing more
than 700,000 deaths annually. Amongst the various vector-borne diseases, WHO also identified that Dengue
is the most prevalent viral infection transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes. Not only does it cause medical
problems, but it also puts an economic burden on the community. From 2008 – 2012, dengue is endemic to

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the country. The Department of Health reported an annual average of 117,065 cases placing the Philippines
fourth in dengue burden in southeast Asia. It is stated that the direct medical cost accumulated all over the
country that is associated with dengue is estimated at $345 million; being 54% higher than an earlier estimate
for 2010 from neighboring countries. (Halasa, et al., 2015) On the positive note, dengue and other vector-
borne diseases are preventable, through protective measures and community mobilization (WHO, 2020). This
is why it is important for everyone to be knowledgeable to things and methods involved for the prevention of
these vector-borne diseases. Many products today consist the extracted oil of Citronella grass. Citronella oil is
a naturally occurring insect and animal repellant distilled from two grass varieties. The exact composition
varies from the grass variety but the main components are citronellol, citronellal, and geraniol. (Bond, Buhl &
Stone, 2013). The market is already saturated by citronella-induced products as a mosquito repellant, but there
are only few that applies on the paints and coating industry.
(6.2) SCIENTIFIC BASIS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK,

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MATHEMATICAL THEORY INVOLVED
Extraction (Chemistry) Method
Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix
Common examples include liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. The distribution of a solute
between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how
the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the extracting solvent. The term washing may also be used to
refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.
Essential Oils Theory
Essential oils, also called volatile odoriferous oil, are aromatic oily liquids extracted from different
parts of plants, for example, leaves, peels, barks, flowers, buds, seeds, and so on. They can be extracted from
plant materials by several methods, steam distillation, expression, and so on. Among all methods, for
example, steam distillation method has been widely used, especially for commercial scale production (Cassel
and Vargas 2006; Di Leo Lira and others 2009). Essential oils have been widely used as food flavors
(Burt 2004).
Repellent History
According to Wikipedia insect repellent (also commonly called "bug spray") is a substance applied to
skin, clothing, or other surfaces to discourage insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on
that surface. Insect repellents help prevent and control the outbreak of insect-borne (and other arthropod-

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borne) diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, dengue fever, bubonic plague, river blindness, and West Nile
fever. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include insects such as flea, fly, and mosquito;
and ticks (arachnids).
Some insect repellents are insecticides (bug killers), but most simply discourage insects and send them flying
or crawling away. Nearly any would be fatal upon reaching the median lethal dose, but classification as an
insecticide implies death even at lower doses.
Powder Coating Method
Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. Unlike conventional
liquid paint which is delivered via an evaporating solvent, powder coating is typically applied electrostatically
and then cured under heat or with ultraviolet light. The powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermoset
polymer. It is usually used to create a hard finish that is tougher than conventional paint. Powder coating is
mainly used for coating of metals, such as household appliances, aluminium extrusions, drum hardware,
automobiles, and bicycle frames. Advancements in powder coating technology like UV curable powder
coatings allow for other materials such as plastics, composites, carbon fiber, and MDF (medium-density
fibreboard) to be powder coated due to the minimum heat and oven dwell time required to process these
components
Theoretical Framework

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Citronella Grass Repellent History
Extracting Method Powder Coating Method
Essential Oils Theory Tapioca Maltodextrin

Powder
Citronella Extracted Powder Coating
(6.3) OBJECTIVES
Scope and Delimitation
Generally, the objective of this proposal is to provide a long lasting mosquito repellant. It aims also
for the safety of every person on the country because of the dengue spreading worldwide. It can benefit the
society by providing the people their safety and health.
Moreover, the study seeks the answers to the following questions:
1. Will it really extends the effectivity of the mosquito repellant if it’s a powder coating method?
a. Yes
b. No

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c. Maybe
2. Is there significant difference between normal mosquito repellant and powder coated repellant?
a. Powder coated repellant last longer than a normal mosquito repellant.
b. Normal mosquito repellant better than powder coated repellant.
c. Both needs a thoroughly observation.
This research aims for a better repellant that will last longer its span than the current repellant that last only
longer than 3 hours. This investigation will determine whether the efficacy of the newly method of applying
mosquito repellant will last longer in method of Control Group Observation.
(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Powder Coating
This process puts a coating on an item electrostatically, which is then cured by heat. The finish is
harder and tougher than conventional paint. The process is useful for coatings on metal used in many
household appliances, aluminum products and automotive parts.
Because powder coating does not have a liquid carrier, it can produce thicker coatings than conventional
liquid coatings without running or sagging, and powder coating produces minimal appearance differences
between horizontally coated surfaces and vertically coated surfaces. Because no carrier fluid evaporates away,

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the coating process emits few volatile organic compounds (VOC). Finally, several powder colors can be
applied before curing them all together, allowing color blending and bleed special effects in a single layer.
Extraction (Chemistry)
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an extractive technique by which compounds that are dissolved or
suspended in a liquid mixture are separated from other compounds in the mixture according to their physical
and chemical properties. Analytical laboratories use solid phase extraction to concentrate and purify samples
for analysis. Solid phase extraction can be used to isolate analytes of interest from a wide variety of matrices,
including urine, blood, water, beverages, soil, and animal tissue
Tapioca maltodextrin
Tapioca maltodextrin is a type of food starch derived from tapioca that is used as a food additive to
add bulk to and stabilize certain substances. It is a versatile, food-grade dextrose that comes in the form of a
very fine powder and is used to replace fats in cheese products, puddings, ice cream, and desserts. With the
additive, the volume of these materials increases without adding extra calories or sugar. Its most exciting use
is in the area of molecular gastronomy, where it is used by chefs to transform high-fat ingredients into light
powders that can be sprinkled on food to give it an exotic taste. Found in sauces, sports drinks, and baby food
in various industries, it is also utilized as a base for milk shakes, health drinks, and soups.
Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon Nardus)
Cymbopogon nardus , common name citronella grass, is a species of perennial aromatic plant

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from the family Poaceae, originating in tropical Asia. It is the source of an essential oil known as citronella
oil, which is widely used for its natural insect-repelling properties.
Essential Oils
Essential oils are concentrated liquids of complex mixtures of volatile compounds and can be
extracted from several plant organs. Essential oils are a good source of several bioactive compounds, which
possess antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. In addition, some essential oils have been used as
medicine. Furthermore, the uses of essential oils have received increasing attention as the natural additives for
the shelf-life extension of food products, due to the risk in using synthetic preservatives. Essential oils can be
incorporated into packaging, in which they can provide multifunctions termed “active or smart packaging.”
Those essential oils are able to modify the matrix of packaging materials, thereby rendering the improved
properties. This review covers up-to-date literatures on essential oils including sources, chemical
composition, extraction methods, bioactivities, and their applications, particularly with the emphasis on
preservation and the shelf-life extension of food products.
(8) METHODOLOGY
Materials:
 Citronella plant will serve as the main ingredients of the study.
 White cooking oil.
 Containers of varying sizes

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 Mortar and Pestle
 Organic Tapioca Maltodextrin for powder base of the main ingredients.
 Powder Coating Gun
 Oven
 Test objects (two duplicates of any small item that can clearly be observed from a camera)
 High Definition Camera
Methods
Making. There are three main steps into making the citronella extracted powder coating to repel disease
carrying mosquitoes. These main steps are listed and further specified below:
1. Citronella Oil Extraction
Firstly, harvest a considerable amount of citronella grass, cut them horizontally into fine
pieces, and place them all into one container. Secondly, using a pestle, pound the pieces repeatedly to
further press it into a bunch. After that, add any white oil into the container. 1:1 mix ratio is the ideal
mix. Push down the citronella pieces using a fork to further soak them into the oil. Next, put a layer of
fabric on top of the container and cover it with a lid. Excess fabric is advised to tie it with the lid cover
to prevent moisture build up in the mixture. Afterwards, using a stove, boil a small amount of water.
When the water boiled, place the mixture in a way that the water does not touch the mixture. Steam
the mixture in a low-heat setting in at least 3 hours before taking it out. Lastly, let it cool down for a

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moment before separating the oil extract from the citronella grass using a strainer.
2. Converting Citronella Oil into Powder
To convert the citronella oil extract into powder, an organic tapioca maltodextrin is a key
ingredient. Simply add the oil and the maltodextrin into a container and mix it using a whisk until the
mixture reached homogeneity. Using a blender is another easy option in doing so. The mix ratio would
be 2 grams of oil extract for every gram of maltodextrin. Afterwards, further refine the homogenic
mixture using a mortar and pestle. Store the powder in room temperature for the next process.
3. Mixing powdered citronella into commercial powdered coating
When finally conducting the experiment, the powdered citronella is now mixed with the
commercial powdered coating in the coating canister of the powder coating gun that is to be used in
applying the citronella extracted powder coating on an object. Afterwards, the canister is then closed
and shook. Usual spray testing to achieve desired level of consistency is applied.
Applying. In finally conducting the experiment, an object is to be applied with the citronella
extracted powder coating to test its effectivity on mosquito repelling. A powder coating gun is
required to apply the said powder coating on a test object. Using the gun, spray the coating gently on
the test object until it fully covers the surface area of the object. After that, it is then heated using an
oven for 10-15 minutes at 200-degree Celsius. The specific settings for the oven depend on the
commercial powder coating used for the study.

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Testing. In testing the Citronella extracted powder coating, a posttest-only Control group true
experimental research design is applicable to test its effectivity. A controlled environment where
mosquitoes usually reside is then imitated for simulation. The environment is a dark and moist box
large and spacious enough for observation. One side of the box is to be made transparent for the
necessary data gathering. This will be the test environment for both the control group and the
experimental group. The control group or object without the said coating is placed in the environment
in a considerable amount of time. The researcher/s will then gather data from the control group.
Afterwards, the experimental group or the object with the coating is then placed for the researchers to
gather data from. The data gathered will be analyzed using inferential statistics to find the results of
the experiments and provide a conclusion for the experiment.
(9) EXPECTED OUTPUT AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS
The expected outcome of this output is to provide cheap and long lasting mosquito repellant. It also
affect the whole country to provide a safe and healthier surroundings to people. The advantage of this study Is
to provide an organic mosquito repellant to avoid any harm,
This also can benefit the following:

TELEPHONE NO.: (078) 305-0110/0917-1241809
Community. This project is to provide the citizens to my surroundings a better and good health. And to
lessen the mosquito that breeding anywhere.
Environment. It will help the farmers to grow this plant that can provide this to the society for the project.
Future Researcher/ Learners. I hope the future can carry on this research of mine for the safety of everyone.

TELEPHONE NO.: (078) 305-0110/0917-1241809
(10) WORKPLAN AND TARGET DELIVERABLES
In the completion of this research work, the following activities will be undertaken:
Objective Strategies Activities Resources Timeline Result
Materials Financial
1. Craft the Make draft Conducting a Paper, 0 September Done

research proposal of the research about laptop, pens 26 – research
research the topic October 13, proposal
proposal 2022
2. Check the Present the Discussion of Paper, laptop 0
research proposal Research the parts of
by advisers and Proposal to the Research
coordinators the Proposal with
Research the Research
Adviser Adviser
3. Defend the Reviewing Making Laptop 0
research proposal the Powerpoint
to the division Research Presentation
panelist Proposal
4. Collect the Identify the Prepare the Citronella
Citronella grass collected materials grass
in the garden materials needed
5. Citronella Preparation Prepare the Citronella
grass extraction of materials main grass,
that will be objectives Tapioca
needed in Maltodextrin,
extraction Containers,
White
cooking oil,
6. Creating the Prepare the Extracted oil,
powder coating materials Powder
repellant needed in coating gun,
mixing mortar and
pestle

TELEPHONE NO.: (078) 305-0110/0917-1241809
7. Analyze and
interpret data
8. Make a
conclusion and
recommendation
(11) REFERENCES
https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1750-3841.12492#:~:text=Essential%20oils%2C%20also
%20called%20volatile,%2C%20expression%2C%20and%20so%20on.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon_nardus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-phase_extraction
https://www.delightedcooking.com/what-is-tapioca-maltodextrin.htm
https://www.delightedcooking.com/what-is-tapioca.htm
https://www.delightedcooking.com/what-is-maltodextrin.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_coating

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Effectivity of Citronella Extracted Powder Coating As An Organic Mosquito Repellant

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EFFECTIVITY OF CITRONELLA EXTRACTED POWDER COATING AS AN

ORGANIC MOSQUITO REPELLANT

Cadornio, Cllyv Jaren D.

(1) PROJECT PROFILE

Project Title: Effectivity-of-Citronella-extracted-powder-coating-as-an-Organic-Mosquito-repellant

Names of Project Proponents: Cllyv Jaren D. Cadornio

Region: 2 Division: Santiago City

School: Santiago City National High School Grade Level: 10

Project Duration (number of months):

Contact Number: 09391159881

(2) CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4) THEME

___ Physical Science _____ Food Safety

 Life Science _____ Water Conservation

___ Robotics and Intelligent _____ Renewable Energy

Machines _____ Cyber Security

___ Mathematics and _____ Traffic/Road Congestion

Computational Sciences _____ Health

_____ Disaster Mitigation

 Agriculture and Environment

(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (not to exceed 200 words)

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

controlled environment made by the researcher/s.

(6.1) RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE (not to exceed 300 words)

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

(6.2) SCIENTIFIC BASIS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK,

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

MATHEMATICAL THEORY INVOLVED

Extraction (Chemistry) Method

Essential Oils Theory

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

and ticks (arachnids).

insecticide implies death even at lower doses.

Powder Coating Method

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

Citronella Grass Repellent History

Extracting Method Powder Coating Method

Essential Oils Theory Tapioca Maltodextrin

Citronella Extracted Powder Coating

Scope and Delimitation

society by providing the people their safety and health.

Moreover, the study seeks the answers to the following questions:

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

a. Powder coated repellant last longer than a normal mosquito repellant.

b. Normal mosquito repellant better than powder coated repellant.

c. Both needs a thoroughly observation.

mosquito repellant will last longer in method of Control Group Observation.

(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE

household appliances, aluminum products and automotive parts.

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

including urine, blood, water, beverages, soil, and animal tissue

Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon Nardus)

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

oil, which is widely used for its natural insect-repelling properties.

preservation and the shelf-life extension of food products.

 Citronella plant will serve as the main ingredients of the study.

 White cooking oil.

 Containers of varying sizes

ADDRESS: SICAT RD., CALAOCAN, SANTIAGO CITY 3311

 Mortar and Pestle

 Organic Tapioca Maltodextrin for powder base of the main ingredients.

 Powder Coating Gun

 High Definition Camera

_ Physical Science ___ Food Safety

_ Robotics and Intelligent ___ Renewable Energy

_ Mathematics and ___ Traffic/Road Congestion