Introduction to

Philippine
contemporary arts in
the region
Presented and Prepared by:
Mary Claire Cardona
For G12
Learning Competency:

•Describes the various contemporary art forms and

their practices from the various region
Learning Ojectives:

• You can explain the different contemporary art

forms and practices from the various regions of the
Philippines with authenticity and realiability of
information by writing a reflection paper.
Learning Topics:

• Definition of Arts and Contemporary Arts

•Contemporary Arts Vs. Traditional Arts
•An Overview about Various Contemporary Art
Forms in Different Region
 Pre- Assessment
1. What is art?
2. Give the meaning of Contemporary Arts
3. What is the difference between Modern art and Contemporary
Arts?
4. Give an example of Modern and Contemporary art and explain what
is the different.
5. What are the three major of Philippine Art?
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 What is Art ?
❖ It is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination,
producing works to be appreciated primarily works to appreciated primarily
for their beauty or emotional power
 #ThrowbackDefinition

❖ It is a form of creative activity such as PAINTING, MUSIC,

LITERATURE, and DANCE.
Art History

• Prehistoric Medieval Neoclassic

•Civilizations Renaissance Romantic
•Continental Baroque Modern
ARTS
IN THE FUTURE
PRESENT
Arts Through the Ages
NEW ART FORMS

Self Expression

Fine Arts
CONTEMPORARY
Genius and Design PERIOD
MODERN
Craftsmanship ROMANTI PERIOD
C
Skills RENAISSAN PERIOD
CE
Techniques CHRISTIA PERIOD
N
ROMAN PERIOD
PERIOD
GREEK
PERIOD
 Contemporary Arts

❖ CONTEMPORARY ARTS is the art that springs out of the present-day

events and passion of the society
 Contemporary Arts

❖ It is the NEWEST FORM OF ART, amusing people from the

late 1960s or early around 1970s up to this very minute
 Characteristics of Contemporary
Arts

o This art functions in a global society that is culturally diverse

and technology-oriented.
 Characteristics of Contemporary
Arts

o It has become a collaborative process and the audience plays

an active role in reacting and constructing meaning about the
work of art
 Why study Contemporary Arts?

❖ Contemporary arts is essential to you not only because it

belongs to your time but is also serves a form of expression of
the people’s present feelings and longings
 Why study Contemporary Arts?

❖ Contemporary works of art are the means through which the

artists of today communicate their sentiments
#Quickrecap
 Contemporary Arts in the Philippines
SOCIAL REALISM

National Identity

Orientalizing
CONTEMPORAR
Secular Form of Art Y
MODERN PERIOD
Faith and Catechism ERA
JAPANES
Geometric Design ERA
AMERICAN
Integral to Life ERA
SPANISH
ERA
ISLAMIC
ART
ETHNIC
ART
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines

The development of Philippine Art comes in three major traditions. These

are the Ethnic Tradition, Spanish Colonial Tradition, and the American
Colonial and Contemporary Traditions.
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines

Before colonization, the Philippines already has its indigenous art. The
ethnic art forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and
the experiences of the Filipinos.
For instance, the dances in the country during the pre-colonial times vary
depending on the area where our ancestors thrive.
In the highlands, dance steps were imitations of the movements of certain
animals like birds while the choreography of the Filipinos near the sea
were mimics of the movement of the Fishes.
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
In terms of visual arts, pottery, weaving, wood carving, and metal crafting
were dominant during the pre-colonial period making use of the available
materials surrounding them.
• Painting
The ancient Filipinos had expressed paintings through tattoos and cave
carving
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
The Pintados (painted ones), inhabitants of the Visayan Islands as
described by the first Spaniards to set eyes upon them
They used sharp metal instruments previously heated over fire
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
• Petroglyphs
The Angono Petroglyphs is the oldest known artwork in the Philippines
There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall
dating back 3000 BC
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines

• Sculpture
The ancient Filipinos had attained a high artistic level through pottery,
jewelry, and wood carving
BUL UL
• Are carved Anito figures of the Ifugaos,
• Represents Ancestral Spirits and Granary gods,
• BUL UL’S are places in rice granaries as “Guardians of
the Harves ”

Manuggul Jar
• Depicts on its lid two boatmen riding a banca on their
way to the great divide
• Used for burial rites by ancient people in Palawan
890-710 BC
Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
SARIMANOK
• Most well known of the old design
• Represents a fowl with wings, feathered tail, and a head decorated with ornaments of
scrolled and painted motif of leave, spirals and feather-like forms
• Usually perched a top a bamboo pole, stands among decorative flags during weddings
and other festive occasion

HAGABI
• Wooden chair of the ifugaos
• Made in Narra or Ipil signifies royalty and power
• Only the rich people can have this chair together with the rituals celebrated after
chair has been made
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines

• Jewelry
used by the people belonged in upper class or royal family

BOAYA
• Bontoc Warrior’s Head Hunting Necklace
• Made of Shell, boar tusk, rattan, fiber and bone

BAWISAK EARRINGS
• Traditional Ifugao tribe bead and shell earring
• The bottom shell design have been described as either
representing butterflies or a certain item of male
generative anatomy
Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines

ARCHITECTURE
The early Filipinos used local materials such as ANAHAW, BAMBOO, COGON, CANE, RATTAN
and other light materials in constructing structures since these were accessible in their area.

LITERATURE
Our ancestors already have their folk literature which came in the forms of FOLK SPEECHES,
SONGS, and NARRATIVE
 Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
Example of literature during pre colonial time
1. BIAG NI LAM-ANG
of the Ilocano's narrates the adventures of the prodigious epic hero, Lam-ang
who exhibits extraordinary powers at an early age. At nine months he is able to go to
war to look for his father’s killer. Then while in search of lady love, INES KANNOYAN,
he is swallowed by a big fish, but his roster and his friends bring him back to life
2. THE AGYU AND OLAHING
of the Manobo’s three part epic that starts with the pahmara (invocation) then
the kepu’unpuun (a narration of the past) and the sengedurog (an episode complete in
itself) All three parts narrate the exploits of the hero as he leads his people who have
been driven out of their land to Nalandangan, a land of utopia where there are no
landgrabbers and oppessors
Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
3. SANDAYO
of the SUBANON tells of the story of the hero with the same name, who is born
through extraordinary circumstances as he fell put of the hair of his mother while she
was combing it on the ninth stroke. Thence, he leads his people in the fight against
invaders of their land and waterways

4. ALIGUYON OR THE HUDHUD

of the Ifugao’s tells of the adventures of Aliguyon as he battles his arch enemy,
Pambukhayon among the rice fields and terraces and instructs his people to be
steadfast and learn the wisdom of warfare and of peacemaking during harvest seasons
Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
5. LABAW DONGGON is about the passionate exploits of the son of a goddess
Alunsina, by a mortal, Datu Paubari. The polygamous hero battles the huge monster
Manluntad for the hand of Abyang Ginbitinan; then he fights Sikay Padaloglog, the
giant with a hundred arms to win Abyang Doronoon and confronts the lord of darkness,
Saragnayan, to win Nagmalitong Yawa Sinagmaling, Diwata

Others epics known to most Filipinos are the IBALON OF BIKOL,DARANGAN which is
a Muslim epic, THE KUDAMAN OF PALAWAN, THE ALIM OF THE IFUGAO,
BANTUGAN OF THE MARANAO, THE HINILAWOD OF PANAY and THE TUWAANG
OF MANOBOS
Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines

The TAGALOGS pride their MYTH OF BERNARDO CARPIO, a folk hero said to hold
the mountains of San Mateo apart with his powerful arms to prevent them from
colliding
There are shorter narratives that tell the origins of the people, the stars, the sky and
the seas.
A famous story that tells of the origin of man and woman is that of MALAKAS AND
MAGANDA who came out of a bamboo after being pecked by a bird. This and other
stories of equal birthing of man and woman throughout the archipelago assert a
woman’s equal position with a man within the tribal systems
Historical Background of Arts in the
Philippines
THEATER ARTS
Tribal presentations and rituals were the early theatrical performances depicting
their beliefs

MUSIC
Our ancestors also have their indigenous musical instruments like bamboo flutes
and brass gongs
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

Spaniards who tend to replace the Philippines indigenous arts with Western Art Forms
RELIGION and SECULARIZATION greatly influenced the art in the Philippines under
the Spanish regime. The friars were the ones supervising the practice of arts in the
country with their agenda of propagating Christianity and maintaining the power of the
colonizers .

LITERATURE
the literary works could be classified into religious and secular prose and poetry.
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi. Literature started to flourish during this time. The spurt continued
unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872.

SPANISH INFLUNECES ON THE PHILIPPINES LITERATURE

1. ALIBATA
2. CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE
3. SPANISH LANGUAGE BECAME THE LITERARY LANGUAGE THIS TIME
4. EUROPEAN LEGENDS AND TRADITION
5. ANCIENT LITERATURE WAS COLLECTED AND TRANSLATED TO TAGALOG
6. GRAMMAR BOOKS WERE PRINTED IN Filipino
7. RELIGIOUS TONE
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

THE FIRST BOOKS

1. Ang Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine)

2. Nuestra Senora del Rosario
3. Libro de Los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre
4. Ang Barlaan at Josephat
5. The Passion
6. Urbana at Felisa
7. Ang mga Dalit kay Maria
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

Literary composition

1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog language)
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog Language)
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua (Tagalog Vocabulary)
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango Vocabulary)
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary)
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The art of the Ilocano Language)
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The art of the Bicol Language)
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

THEATER ARTS
Secular and Religious Plays like the “KOMEDYA”

There were many recreational plays perfomed by Filipinos during the Spanish
times. Almost all of them were in poetic form

CENAKULO OR SINAKULO

Dramatic performance of the passion and death of Christ

 SPANISH COLONIZATION

THEATER ARTS
Secular and Religious Plays like the “KOMEDYA”

There were many recreational plays perfomed by Filipinos during the Spanish
times. Almost all of them were in poetic form

CENAKULO OR SINAKULO

Dramatic performance of the passion and death of Christ

SPANISH COLONIZATION

ZARZUELA

The father of drama, a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which death with
men’s passion and emotion like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some political
problem

LAGAYLAY

A special occasion for the pilarenos of sorogon during maytime to get together
SPANISH COLONIZATION

TIBAG

Dramatic performance for the purpose of manifesting devotion for the holy cross

PANULUYAN

Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating the whole family’s search for a place to
stay on Bethlemen for Jesus Christ’s birth through songs

SALUBONG

Dramatizes the reunion of the risen Christ and his mother

 SPANISH COLONIZATION

CARILLO

A form of dramatic entertainment perform on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark
nights after a harvest

THE MORO-MORO

Like cenakulo, the Moro-Moro is presented also on a special stage. This is performed during
town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind of their Christian Religion

KARAGATAN

This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person
SPANISH COLONIZATION

BALAGTASAN

This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue

THE DUNG-AW

This is a chant free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the
corpse of the dead
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

AWIT

• is in do decasyllabic verse
•Are fabricated stories from writers’ imagination although the setting and characters are
European
• refers to chanting

Example:
FLORANTE AT LAURA
SPANISH COLONIZATION

CORRIDO

• is in octosyllabic verse
• were usually on legends or stories from European countries like France, Spain,
Italy and Greece
• refers to narration

EXAMPLE:

IBONG ADARNA
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

Dance
Religious dances commonly performed to venerate patrons and saints proliferated

There were also secular dances performed in social functions like valse, fandango,
polka, and minuet.

MUSIC
The Spaniards introduced the PIANO and other Western Instruments. Bands and
Orchestra multiplied zarzuelas and operas became prevalent

VISUAL ARTS
Spaniards introduced painting and sculpture which mostly depicted religious subject
matters
 SPANISH COLONIZATION

ARCHITECTURE
Stone and Bricks were predominantly used in constructing buildings like churches,
houses and government offices. Western influence was evident in architecture, the
exterior and interior of the buildings were embellished with wood carvings or metal
works with intricate decorative designs. However despite the strong influence of the
Spaniards, the artists in the country did not result in pure Western art but a mix of
western and indigenous art. Filipino artists still put Filipino touches on their art pieces.

After more than 300 years of Spanish colonization, the Americans took over the
country which led to the declaration on Independence on June 12, 1898.
 AMERICAN COLONIZATION

The American brought about many changes in the Politics, Economy, Education and
Culture of the Philippines.

EDUCATION
There are Filipinos who went abroad to study, some studied under the tutelage of
the American educators, and some learned through observation and personal
experiences. Those who went abroad to study came back to the country carrying the
concept of modern art. Modern art refers to the practice of art in the 1860’s-1960’s It
was during these years that the western world was significantly developing. The
Urbanization, consumerism, rise the middle class, change the political system,
secularization, the emergence of new technology affected the way of art making in that
period. Due to the technological innovations, the experimental approaches in
developing art rose above triggered in nature.
 AMERICAN COLONIZATION

Modern art continuously develops even after WWII, Which led to the contemporary
way of art making today. Contemporary art refers to the recent and current practice of
art ranging from the 1970’s up the present. It mirrors the society and culture of the
present times. It uses a combination of different methods, materials, and ideas that
transcend the traditional way of art making. All Philippines art forms had a different
twist as the American way of life became a part of lives of the Filipinos. The art forms
and art practices in the country broadened. Artists experimented with different
materials and methodologies and produced non-conventional artworks with a
wide-range of themes.
 GAINING INSIGHT

• CAN YOU NOW DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT

ART TRADITIONS

•DO YOU ALREADY KNOW WHAT CONTEMPORARY ART IS?

•FOR YOU, IN WHAT TRADITION DO YOU THINK HAVE THE GREAT OR BIGGEST
CONTRIBUTION IN OUR COUNTRY. EXPLAIN