TINDUGAN, JOLINA MAE CALI STEM 12 Y1-6

LESSON 1: What is Contemporary Art? ARTURO LUZ • Painted “Musikero” series,

“Art is an imitation of an imitation.” – Plato depicting roving ragtag bands of
medicant street musicians carrying
“Art is a mirror of reality around us and within us.” – cymbals and horn, clarinet, and
Aristotle drum, playing a cacophony of
ART sounds.
• “It wasn’t the subject as such that
- Is a tool for communication. interested me, but the shapes, the
- Every artwork reflects the artists and their linear structure:
society. “Musicians”
ART IS A FORM OF:
HISTORICAL AND STYLISTIC CONTEXT
1. Self-Expression 4. Inspiration
2. Therapy 5. Motivation VICTORIO
3. Aesthetic 6. Awareness EDADES • Father of Philippine Modern Art
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: • Initiating the Modern Art
(PH ART) movement that challenged the
Neoclassic style.
• One of a long line of OFWs who
had immigrated to the US to work.
• He discovered Cezanne, Gauguin
and Diego Rivera there.

Neoclassic Style

• 1920
• “The Palay
Maiden”
WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY ART? • By Fernando
Amorsolo
Modern Art

- Arts created sometime between 1860s (some Modern Art

say 1880s) and the late 1960s (some say only
• 1950
through the 1950s)
• “Mora Girl”
Contemporary Art • By Victorio
Edades
- Arts as of the moment

Modern Art (Past)

• 1960’s
NEOCLASSIC ART
• “The Contrast”
• By Hernando
Current - Depicts reality as closely as possible and
R. Ocampo idealizes it
• 2000’s - Beautiful and pastoral
• “Man in Stairs”
MODERN ART:
• By Xyza Cruz
Bacani
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TINDUGAN, JOLINA MAE CALI STEM 12 Y1-6

- Depict what might be thought of as “ugly” and • Aside from style, it is also very useful to know
unpleasant. where the artists are coming from and the

NEOCLASSIC STYLE MODERN ART

• creates illusions • they change
of depthness, colors and
nearness and flatten the
farness picture instead
• familiar and of new looking
comfortable and shocking
• “academic” as it • Do not aim to
was and copy and
continues to be idealize reality. situation of making and disseminating their art.
taught in school • “Traditional”
(UP FINE ARTS) compared to
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ART:
where Fernando contemporary
• SITE-SPECIFIC – they cannot be experienced in
Amorsolo and arts.
Guillermo the same way if removed from their original
Tolentino are places of exhibit whether in the gallery, out on
influential. the streets, in the forest, on the internet, etc.
• PROCESS BASED – integrate various medium
and art forms.
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF CONTEMPORARY
AND MODERN ART • COLLABORATIVE AND INTERACTIVE – the art is
never complete without the audience’s active
input.
Modern Art
NOTES:
• 1949
• “Man and Carabao” 1. Contemporary Art is distinguishable from
• By H.R Ocampo Modern Art in historical, stylistic, and cultural
terms.
Contemporary 2. Contemporary Art is never fixed, but open to
many possibilities.
• 1982
3. To study & appreciate the contemporary is to
• “Morning Dance”
experience and understand art is a window to
• By Cesar Legaspi
the Philippine contemporary life.
• Social Realist of the 70s are considered heirs of LESSON 2: HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ART
Neo-realist.
• Contemporary art is influenced by Social I. Pre Conquest
Realism. - In art historical terms, “pre-conquest”
- In stylistic terms, “indigenous”
IMELDA CAJIPE-ENDAYA - In cultural terms, “pre-colonial”
- A social realist but the style and medium of ART BEFORE – are everyday expressions and were
installation is markedly different. all integrated within rituals.

ART BEFORE COLONIZATION

EARLIEST FORMS OF THEATER/RITUALS

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TINDUGAN, JOLINA MAE CALI
1. Mayvanuvanua (BATANES) – ritual that opens
the fishing season of dibang (flying fish)
Dibang (Flying Fish) – migrate during rayong (dry
season) and used as bait to catch dorado.
2. Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative
Region) – officiated by a shaman or mumbaki.
- Invoves animal sacrifice where the entrails are
read through a process of divination.
3. Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao)
- Ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting
and harvesting.
4. Tagbanwa (Palawan)
- Shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting
and dancing and are believed to be taken over
the goddesses themselves.
ETHNIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
1. Kudyapi – 3 stringed guitar
- Also used for courtship among the Lumad and
the Bangsamoro groups.
2. Kulintang – an array of bossed gongs
- Used for celebratory occasions such as festivals,
weddings, engagement, parties, and baptisms,
as well as musical competitions.
3. Gangsa – flat gong
- Is a percussion instrument used in the Cordillera
region during gatherings, celebrations, and even
rituals.
4. Agong (Agung) – large bossed gong
- Heard in various occasions like weddings, water
baptism, called paigo, sa ragat and curing rites
called kapagipat.
- Also played alone to announce an emergency
and to mark the time of the day.
NATIVE DANCE FORMS
1. Pangalay (Sulu) – mimetic dance of seabirds.
- To retain the feeling of close relationship with
the environment through movement of palm,
ocean waves, sea birds.
2. Kinabua of Mandaya
- Performs swooping movements imitating the
movements of eagle.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY -VALENZUELA
STEM 12 Y1-6
3. Banog-banog (Binanog-Banog) of the Higaonon
and B’laan – courtship dance that portrays the
flight of the birds.
4. Man—manok (Bagobos) – imitate the
movemets of predatory birds.
5. Talip (Ifugaos) – courtship dance mimetic of the
movements of wild fowls.
6. Inamong of Matigsulugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli)
- Represent the comedic movement of monkey.
7. Tinikling (Tagalog) – crane balancing itself on
stilt-like legs or flitting away from the clutches of
bamboo traps.
- Represents the attempts of Filipinos rice
farmers to catch and prevent the Tikling bird
from stealing ripe rice grains from the fields.
CONTEMPORARY PH ARTS FROM THE REGION
Carving
1. Bulul (Cordillera) – granary God that plays
important role in rituals.
- Anthromorphic bulul appears in containers
bowls and spoons.
- Carved wooden statue that the Ifugao people of
Northern Luzon used to guard their rice crop.
2. Hagabi (Ifugao) – wooden bench that marks
socio-economic status of the owner.
- Only Ifugao of the Cadangyan (wealthy) class
were allowed to have hagabi.
3. Sarimanok – stylized design of a bird holding a
fish in its beak and/or standing on a based in
the shape of a fish.
- Legendary bird of the Maranao people.
- Sari means “various”
- Manok means “bird/chicken”
4. Naga – has the form of an elaborate mythical
serpent or dragon with a vigorous S-curve and
numerous curvilinear motifs to suggests its
scales.
5. Pako Rabong – a stylized growing fern with a
broad base gracefully tapering upwards.
6. Torogan – posts of the large sultan’s house
7. Panolong – where sarimanok and naga are
found alongside on the extended floor beam,
and the interior beam.
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8. Manunggul Jar – excavated in Manunggul cave
Lipunan Point in Palawan is dated to the late
Neolithic Period (890-710).
- It has 2 anthromorphic or human forms at top
of the lid.
- Mostly used as jar for remains of dead, as the 2
humans at top will accompany the soul to
afterlife.
- During the Metal Age (5 BC-225 AD) another
type of anthromorphic jars was produced the
human figure is more pronounced with lid as
the head and base as the body.
9. Palayok – clay pot used for cooking
10. Banga and Tapayan – clay pot for storing liquids
11. Santos – carved by Christianized communities in
Laguna and Pampanga
12. Okir – woodcarving curvilinear decorations in
Southern Philippines
TEXTILES
- According to Dr. Norma Respicio, “textile
weaving has a long history, Philippine
ethnolinguistic groups have a rich textile
weaving tradition.”
- This are not only functional they also impart
knowledge about people’s belief system: the
reverence for spirits and nature criteria for
beautiful and the sociopolitical structure.
FOOT LOOM BACKSTRAP LOOM
PIC SYABIT – a headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu
MALONG – has pretty tapestry panels called langkit
woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur
TEPO MAT – colorful double layered mat of Sama of
Tawi-Tawi made of pandan leaves.
OVALOID BASKETS – made of nito and bamboo are used
as head sling to carry harvest.
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STEM 12 Y1-6
BUBO – fish straps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the
Ilocos Region
TATTOOS - Visayas “Islas de Los Pintados”
- Can be observed in Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy
and Ifugao groups
JEWELRY – the T’boli in particular are known for wearing
brass chain bells and colorful beads
LOTOANS – betel nut boxes of various shapes
- Functional containers
- Textured design of rhombuses, spirals, circles,
and tendrils swarm over the exterior
BRASS KENDI AND GADUR – used in ceremonies and
cherished as status symbols or as heirloom pieces
II. ISLAMIC COLONIAL (13TH CENTURY TO THE
PRESENT)
- Islam was already well entrenched in Southern
Philippine where it continues to be culturally
dominant.
ISLAM – gained significant grounding in Sulu as early
as 13th century.
- Has Quran (bible) and Madrasah (people)
- Tausug – Maranao – Maguindanaoan – Yakan –
Sama- Badjao – and some areas in Palawan
Sayyid Abubakar – from Arabia, married Princess
Piramisuli daughter of Rajah Baguinda.
- Succeeded the throne and established the
Sultane of Sulu
How is art influenced by Islam?
- Notion of Tawhid or Unity with God emphasizes
the impermanence of nature and the
incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being.
1. Interior of mosques are covered with elaborate
patterning in the form of reliefs.
2. Abstract forms and patterns.
3. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche
and the Qibla wall are oriented toward the west
4. Bulbous Dome expresses all levels of comic
existence. Octagonal base symbolizes the spirit
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while the four-sided main base refers to the

earth or material world.
5. The courtyard or Ka’bah a black shrine believed
to be built by Prophet Muhammad himself.
6. The area of water supply serves as the function
of ablution or cleansing
7. The gardens within the Mosque compound or
even outside homes
8. Islamic forms are incline to project, grow or
have an upward orientation
9. Luhul or canopy that takes inspiration from the
tree of life.

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