efeqtianoba, gacvla

da SedarebiTi
upiratesoba 2
v aWroba dasavlur samyaroSi ZvelTaganve saeWvo reputaciiT sargeblobs. SesaZloa, esaa Se­
degi xalxSi fesvgadgmuli Sexedulebisa, rom, sinamdvileSi, ubralo gacvliT veravin vera­
fers moigebs. soflis meurneoba da mrewveloba mwarmoeblur sferoebad iTvleba – maTSi TiT­
qos iqmneba raRac marTlac axali, vaWroba ki mxolod gadacvlis erT nivTs meoreze. aqedan
gamohyavT, rom vaWari TiTqosda damatebiTi gadasaxadiT begravs sazogadoebas. fermeris an xe­
losnis xelfasi Tu sxva Semosavali ukavSirdeba `maTi Zalisxmevis realur Sedegs~, amitom maT
am Semosavlis miRebis ufleba aqvT, – eseni imas imkian, rac daTeses. amave dros, ise Cans, TiTqos
vaWrebi imkian, magram araferi dauTesavT, maTi moRvaweobiT araferi iqmneba, isini ki jildos
Rebuloben. swored amitom, zogs vaWroba sazogadoebis fuW danaxarjad, aramwarmoeblurobis
sinonimad eCveneba.
rogori Zveli da Rrmad fesvgadgmulic unda iyos Sexeduleba vaWrobis aramwarmoeblurobis
Sesaxeb, igi absoluturad mcdaria. ar arsebobs sityva `mwarmoeblurobis~ romelime ganmarte­
ba, romelic SeiZleba miesadagebodes soflis meurneobas an mrewvelobas, vaWrobas ki ara. gacv­
la mwarmoebluria! igi aseTia, radgan adamianTa did raodenobas gzas uxsnis saWiro produqci­
isken.
kerZo sakuTrebis uflebaTa gacvla sabazro procesebis safuZvelia. am TavSi ganxilulia
mTavari mizezebi imisa, Tu ratom vaWroben nebayoflobiT adamianebi saqonliTa da momsaxure­
biT. Cven giCvenebT, rogor zrdis vaWroba masSi CarTuli mxareebis keTildReobas da mwarmoe­
blurobas. aqve gagacnobT sawarmoo SesaZleblobaTa mruds. grafikebi sasargeblo instrumen­
tia mogebisa da xarjebis Sesadareblad, agreTve, keTildReobis imgvari zrdis asaxsnelad, rac
specializaciiT da gacvliT miiRweva.

miTi materialuri simdidris Sesaxeb

Tuki gvsurs, vaCvenoT, rogor qmnis simdidres vaWroba da, maSasadame, mTlianad sabazro
gacvlebi, Tavidanve unda ganvsazRvroT, rogor gvesmis termini `simdidre~.
risgan Sedgeba simdidre? ra aris Cveni sakuTari simdidre? Cveulebriv, mavanni Tvlian, rom
ekonomikuri sistema awarmoebs iseT `materialur dovlaTs~, rogoricaa, magaliTad, traqtore­
bi, satvirTo avtomobilebi, gitarebi, viski da romanebi hari poteris Sesaxeb. magram TiToeuli
am nivTTagani simdidred mxolod maSin iqceva, roca am nivTebis damfasebel momxmareblamde mi­
aRwevs. ekonomikuri azrovnebis TvalsazrisiT, simdidre isaa, rasac afaseben, Sefaseba ki unda
ganisazRvros imisi SexedulebiT, vinc irCevs.
Cven gvaxsovs, rom budas Tavdapirvelad araferi surda da amitom verc veraferi miiRo. sama­
gierod, rogorc ki mixvda, Tu ra surda, misi simdidre gaizarda – igi ganaTlda. sxvadasxva
adamianebs sxvadasxvagvari simdidris floba surT da floben kidec mas (Tuki amis SesaZleblo­

19
bac gaaCniaT). sarwyavi wyali dovlaTia mravali fermerisTvis, magram ara maTTvis, vinc misisi­
pis wyaldidobiT dazaralda. Tovlis naxevarmetriani safari simdidrea samTo-saTxilamuro
kurortis mflobelisTvis, meezovisTvis ki damatebiTi Tavsatkivaria.

simdidre isaa, rasac adamianebi afaseben

ekonomikuri zrda gamoixateba ara warmoebuli nivTebis raodenobis, aramed simdidris

zrdiT. materialur sagnebs, ra Tqma unda, Tavisi wvlili SeaqvT gamdidrebis procesSi da,
garkve­uli azriT, warmoebisTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovannic arian. iseTi aramaterialuri subs­
tanciebic ki, rogoricaa janmrTeloba, siyvaruli, sulieri wonasworoba, sabolood raRac ma­
terialurSi gansxeuldeba. miuxedavad amisa, kategoriulad unda uarvyoT nivTebTan simdidris
gaigivebis yvela mcdeloba. aseTi gaigiveba abrkolebs ekonomikuri cxovrebis mravali iseTi
mxaris aRqmas, rogoricaa, magaliTad, specializacia da gacvla – komerciuli sazogadoebis ori
ZiriTadi safuZveli.

vaWroba qmnis simdidres

adamianebi, romlebic vaWrobas undoblad ucqerdnen, jer kidev aristoteles droidan
Tvlid­nen, rom nebayoflobiTi gacvla mxolod Tanabar faseulobaTa gacvlaa. arada, samarT­
liania swored sapirispiro debuleba. ase rom ar iyos, araviTari gacvla ar Sedgeboda. movaWre­
ni urTierTqmedeben sakuTari simdidris gazrdis mizniT. informirebuli da nebayoflobiTi
gacvlis dros TiToeuli monawile cdilobs, miiRos ufro faseuli da gasces nakleb faseuli
produqti. Tuki jeki Tavis sakalaTburTo burTs jimis beisbolis xelTaTmanze cvlis, maSin igi
xelTaTmans ufro afasebs, vidre burTs, jimi ki – piriqiT. Cven vxedavT, rom TiToeuli msxverp­
lad gaiRebs faseul saqonels, raTa miiRos is, rasac kidev ufro metad afasebs. gacvla orive
mxarisTvis araeqvivalenturia, radgan araTanabar­ faseuli produqtis mflobelebi arian.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, isini ar Secvlidnen sakuTrebis uflebas burTze da xelTaTmanze. gacv­
la efeqtiani aRmoCnda imitom, rom man orive monawilis simdidre gazarda.
`sulac ara!~ – ityvis dadarajebuli kritikosi, – `simdidre ar gazrdila~. jims da jeks marT­
lac hgoniaT, rom gamdidrdnen da Tavsac ukeT grZnoben, magram miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin flobs
am nivTebs, kvlavac erTi burTi da erTi xelTaTmani arsebobs.
diax, gacvlis procesSi arasdros araferi uwarmoebiaT, magram ra aris warmoeba? Tvalwin
warmogvidgeba fabrikebi, nedleuli, muSaTa Sroma da oflisRvra, mza produqciis fuTebi... ara­
da, yovelgvari warmoebis safuZvelia ekonomikuri elementi, anu produqtis faseulobis zrda.
es rom gavigoT, Cveuli stereoti­pebisgan unda gavTavisufldeT. vaWrobis procesSi iSviaTi da
faseuli saqoneli kidev ufro faseul saqonelze icvleba. TiToeul monawiles aqvs danaxarje­
bi. SeZenili produqciis Rirebuleba ganpirobebulia im faseulobiT, rac gaviReT, raTa axali
SegveZina. meti gamomsaxvelobisaTvis amas alternatiul danaxarjebs vuwodebT.

jekisTvis: xelTaTmanis Rirebuleba,

gayofili burTis Rirebulebaze, erTze metia.
jimisTvis: burTis Rirebuleba, gayofili xelTaTmanis
Rirebulebaze, aseve erTze metia.
yoveli arCevani garkveul msxverpls da alternatiul
danaxarjebs gulisxmobs.

gacvlis TiToeuli monawile Tvlis, rom misma Semosavalma gadaaWarba danaxarjebs. Ti­
Toeulma moigo, TiToeulis simdidre gaizarda. mwarmoeblur procesSi (gacvlaSi) Sedegad mivi­
ReT meti Rirebuleba; xolo imisaTvis, rom aqtivoba produqtiuli aRmoCndes, sxva arc arafe­
ria saWiro. gacvlam gazarda realuri simdidre – esaa sasurveli dovlaTis meti raodenobis
miRebis efeqtiani meTodi.

20
efeqtianoba da faseulobebi
leqsikonSi `efeqtianoba~ ganmartebulia, rogorc meqanizmis mier Sesrule­buli namuSevrisa
da daxarjuli energiis fardoba. oRond unda gvaxsovdes, rom cneba `Sesrulebuli namuSevari~
damokidebulia imaze, Tu risi miReba gvsurs. aris Tu ara orTqlmavali nakleb efeqtiani, vidre
dizeli? mravali wlis winaT sarkinigzo kompaniebis umravlesobam gadawyvita, rom es asea da qva­
naxSirze momuSave orTqlmavlebi navTobze momuSave dizeluri lokomotivebiT Secvala.
efeqtianoba yovelTvis SefasebiTi kategoriaa. igi dakavSirebulia Sedegisa da danaxarjebis
faseulobaTa TanafardobasTan. efeqtianobaSi aucileblad monawileobs obieqturi komponen­
ti: Cveni simpaTia-antipaTia sulac ar gansazRvravs saTbobis erTeulis TboSemcvelobas, an man­
Zils, romelzec energiis mocemul raodenobas garkveuli wona gadaaqvs, magram, TavisTavad, fi­
zikuri parametrebi verasdros gansazRvraven efeqtianobas.
danaxarjebis Sedegebad gardaqmnis efeqtianoba SeiZleba gaizomos mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
dadgenili iqneba amgvari gardaqmnis obieqtTa subieqturi Rirebuleba. avtomobilis Zravis
efeqtianoba ganisazRvreba dadgenili subieqturi mizandasa­xulobiT, magaliTad, avtomobilis
moZraobis siCqariT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia CavTvaloT, rom nebismieri Zravis efe­
qtianoba 100 procentia, raki mTliani Semavali energia srulad daixarjeba avtomobilis gada­
adgilebis, detalebis xaxunis da mravali sxva formiT.

Sedegis Rirebulebis Sefardeba danaxarjebis RirebulebasTan

efeqtianobis gazomvis erTaderTi meTodia

aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom nebismieri procesis efeqtianoba Sefasebebis cvlilebasTan er­

Tad icvleba. navTobis mniSvnelovanma gaZvirebam SeiZleba ise Secvalos fardobiTi efeqtiano­
ba, rom qvanaxSirze momuSave orTqlmavali dizelis lokomotivze efeqtiani aRmoCndes. Tu, ma­
galiTad, eleqtroenergiis fasi katastro­ fulad gaizrdeba, sabeWdi manqana efeqtianobiT
IBM-is uaxles nouTbuqs gauswrebs.

rogor gacvales gasma da harim mZime samuSao

modiT, simdidrisa da efeqtianobis Cveni gageba warmoebisa da gacvlis gamartivebuli magaliTis
ganxilvisTvis gamoviyenoT. warmovidginoT, rom gasi da hari Cikagoeli mezoblebi arian da TiToeu­
li maTganis ezo didi molisa da yvavilnarisgan Sedgeba. SabaTobiT mezoblebi sakuTar ezoebSi mu­
Saoben – gazons kreWen da yvavilnars uvlian. gasi yovelTvis ufro adre amTavrebs samuSaos, Tumca
ezoebi zusti aslebiviT hgavs erTmaneTs. igi gazons 40 wuTSi kreWs, yvavilnaris movlas ki 80 wuTs
andomebs, maSin, roca haris TiToeul am operaciaze 120 wuTi exarjeba.

gasi hari
gazoni 40 wuTi 120 wuTi
yvavilnari 80 wuTi 120 wuTi

ra Tqma unda, haris surs drois dazogva da neil deimondis musikis mSvidad mosmena, gasic
siamovnebiT uyurebda beisbolis matCs nacvlad imisa, rom ezoSi emuSava. karga xnis fiqris Sem­
deg, hari mezobels mimarTavs winadadebiT, romlis mixedviTac TviTon mzadaa mouaros gasis
yvavilnaris sam meoTxeds, Tu mezobeli, Tavis mxriv, mis gazons mTlianad gakreWs. ramdenime
wuTis fiqris Semdeg gasi Tanxmobas acxadebs, radgan, aseTi gadanawilebis dros, igi sakuTar
ezoSi erT saaTs (gazoni _ 40 wT da yvavilnari _ 20wT.), xolo haris ezoSi 40 wuTs (gazoni) imu­
Savebs, riTac 20 wuTs dazogavs. moigebs haric, romelic sakuTar ezoSi 120 wuTs (yvavilnari) da
gasis ezoSi (yvavilnaris sami meoTxedi) saaTnaxevars imuSavebs, riTac, sabolood, naxevar saaTs
(240wT. – 210wT.=30wT.) dazogavs. garigebiT orivem moigo. movlili ezoebis garda, orives gauCn­
da damatebiTi upiratesoba Tavisufali drois saxiT.
- ki magram, rogor? – ismis xma bolo merxidan – rogor moigo gasmac, Tu hari gacilebiT uaresad
muSaobs? saidan gaCnda damatebiTi Tavisufali dro da, ese igi, damatebiTi simdidre? gadaikiTxeT
es istoria kidev erTxel da yuradRebiT gaaanalizeT cifrebi, Tumca, iqneb sjobdes Semdeg maga­
liTze gadavideT da, paralelurad, sawarmoo SesaZleblobaTa mrudebs gavecnoT.

21
Ggacvlis arsi, warmoebis alternatiuli danaxarjebis Sedareba
jonsi elmstritze ori saxeobis luds xarSavs – Rias da muqs. yovel kvartalSi mas SeuZlia 10
galoni Ria ludis, an 5 galoni muqi ludis moxarSva. dasaSvebia am SesaZleblobaTa garkveuli
proporciiT SeTavsebac. yovelive es asaxulia 2-1 naxazze, sadac warmodgenilia jonsis sawar­
moo SesaZleblobebi, anu Ria da muqi ludis is maqsimaluri raodenobrivi kombinaciebi, romel­
Ta warmoeba SesaZlebelia jonsis xelT arsebuli resursiT.
amave dros, qalbatoni braunic oukstritze ori saxeobis luds xarSavs. yovel kvartalSi mas
SeuZlia 3 galoni Ria, an 4 galoni muqi ludis moxarSva. dasaSvebi maqsimaluri kombinaciebi am
SemTxvevaSic 2-1 naxazzea warmodgenili sawarmoo SesaZleblobaTa Sesabamis mrudze.
erTis mxriv, jonsi orive saxeobis luds ufro efeqtianad amzadebs. oRond, metis damzadebis
unari TavisTavad ar niSnavs efeqtianobas. Cven unda SevadaroT, ra unda gaviRoT Sedegis misaR­
wevad, raki ufasod araferi gveZleva. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, unda SevadaroT jonsis da braunis
alternatiuli danaxarjebi.
baci ludi

baci ludi
b-ni jonsi q-ni brauni

10

0 3 5 muqi ludi 0 1 4 muqi ludi

nax. 2.1

rogoria jonsis danaxarjebi? Tu jonsi moindomebs mxolod Ria ludis gamoSvebas, igi moxar­
Savs 10 galons, magram xelidan gauSvebs 5 galoni muqi ludis warmoebis SesaZleblobas. Ria lu­
dis TiToeuli galonis gamosaSvebad jonsi msxverplad wiravs 0,5 galon muq luds. swored ase­
ve, muqi ludis yovel galonze igi msxverplad wiravs 2 galon Ria luds.
Tu brauni xarSavs mxolod muq luds, igi miiRebs 4 galons, magram dakargavs 3 galoni Ria ludis
warmoebis SesaZleblobas. amrigad, muqi ludis TiTo galoni mas Ria ludis sami meoTxedi galoni
ujdeba da, piriqiT, 1 galoni Ria ludi misTvis 1,3 galoni muqi ludis danaxarjis tolfasia.
axla ki SegviZlia, mTavari kiTxvac davsvaT – vin awarmoebs bac luds ufro iafad? gaangariSe­
bebi gviCvenebs, rom esaa jonsi, romelsac am produqtis erTi galoni mxolod naxevari galoni
muqi ludi ujdeba maSin, roca braunis danaxarji 1,3 galonia. amrigad, jonsis alternatiuli
danaxarji naklebia, anu mas aqvs Ria ludis warmoebis `SedarebiTi upiratesoba~. samagierod,
muqi ludis warmoebisas, es upiratesoba braunis mxares gadadis, radgan misi alternatiuli da­
naxarji ufro naklebia, vidre jonsis danaxarji.
aq ufro naTlad gamoikveTa is, rac gasis da haris magaliTSi nawilobriv uTqmeli darCa. ra
moxdeba, Tu TiToeuli mewarme specializdeba ufro efeqtian saqmianobaze da amis Semdeg ivaW­
rebs? vTqvaT, maT moilaparakes da saqme ase aawyes: jonsi awarmoebs mxolod bac luds, brauni –
muqs, mere ki produqcias cvlian – jonsi cvlis Tavisi ludis 3 galons braunis ludis 3 galonze.
kvartlis bolos aRmoCndeba, rom orive mewarmes aRmoaCndeba sxvadasxva saxeobis ludis iseTi
kombinacia, romelic sWarbobs sawarmoo SesaZleblobaTa zRvars. jonsma miiRo mosalodnelze
meti, radgan mas mieca 7 galoni Ria da 3 galoni muqi ludis gayidvis saSualeba. braunis simdid­
rec gaizarda, radgan man miiRo 3 galoni Ria da erTi galoni muqi ludi. vercerTi mewarme aseT
maCvenebels damoukideblad ver miaRwevda.

22
ratom specializacia?
specializacia sxvagvarad SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT, rogorc `SedarebiTi upiratesobis ga­
moyeneba~. adamianebi imitom specializdebian, rom ase sakuTar simdidres amravleben. mewarmeebs
imisi saSualeba eZlevaT, rom ganavrcon sakuTari SesaZleblobebi warmoebuli saqonlis gacv­
liT iseT saqonelze, romlis warmoeba maT ufro Zviri daujdebodaT. SesaZleblobaTa aseTi
gafarToebis meTodika imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom ekonomistebi saubroben `SedarebiTi upira­
tesobis kanonze“.

specializacia da gacvla afarToeben sawarmoo SesaZleblobebs

es kanoni adgens specializaciis stimuls da aRwers ekonomikuri zrdis process, romelic am

faqtoriTaa gamowveuli. kanoni xsnis, Tu ratom uaryofen adamianebi universalur ostatobas
da ratom irCeven ZiZis, buRaltris, stomatologis, maswavleblis da sxva profesiebs. adamianebi
cdiloben sakuTari simdidris gamravlebas im sferoSi specializaciiT, sadac maTi azriT, Se­
darebiTi upiratesoba gaaCniaT. Tuki erTxel mainc gifiqriaT imaze, Tu vin gsurT gamoxvideT,
maSin Tqven gicdiaT sakuTari SedarebiTi upiratesobis gansazRvra.

specializacia sakuTari SedarebiTi upiratesobis

gamo­yenebis SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs

individualuri vaWrobidan saerTaSoriso vaWrobamde da piriqiT

vfiqrob, davrwmundiT, rom gacvliT batonma jonsmac da qalbatonma braunmac ixeires. maT,
albaT, arasodes smeniaT `SedarebiTi upiratesobis kanonis~ Sesaxeb, Tumca mis Zalas eqvemdeba­
rebian. SegveZlo gveTqva, rom jonsi axorcielebda Ria ludis `eqsports~ da muqi ludis `im­
ports~, xolo brauni piriqiT iqceoda. mcirediT win Tu waviwevT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom orive
mxare importis safasurs eqsportiT ixdis. ganvaviTaroT es azri – ra moxdeboda, jonsi rom kan­
zasSi cxovrobdes, brauni ki – pensilvaniaSi? SegveZlo Tu ara, gveTqva, rom kanzasSi axorcie­
lebs muqi ludis imports pensilvaniidan? xom cxadia, rom jonsi vaWrobs braunTan da meti
araferi xdeba! mxolod adamianebi vaWroben, uwevT ra, am dros, qalaqis, olqis da Statis saz­
Rvrebis gadakveTa.

mxolod adamianebi akeTeben arCevans

mainc ras vgulisxmobT, roca vambobT, rom aSS vaWrobs fineTTan, germaniasTan, kanadasTan an
aziasTan? es mxolod imas niSnavs, rom aSS-is moqalaqeni am qveynebis moqalaqeebTan vaWroben. ra
Tqma unda, mosaxerxebelia aSS-fineTis vaWrobaze saubari, magram ar unda daviviwyoT, rom esaa
adamianTa (maT Soris garkveul organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebis) didi raodenobis mier ganxor­
cielebuli gacvliTi operaciebis jami.

transaqciuli danaxarjebi
axla Cven gadavdivarT sakmaod rTul Teoriul sakiTxebze, SemdgomSi ki saerTaSoriso
gacvle­bis ganxilvis SesaZlebloba mogvecema. am SemTxvevaSi, sawyisi debuleba ucvlelia – ne­
bayoflobiTi gacvla urTierTxelsayrelia; kerZo sakuTrebis sistemaSi adamianebs uCndebaT
specializaciis stimuli, radgan SedarebiTi upiratesoba ganapirobebs simdidris dagrovebas.
Cven ukve vimsjeleT warmoebis alternatiul danaxarjebze, Tumca ar unda dagvaviwydes is
xarjebic, romelic savaWro partnioris ZiebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
magaliTebSi Segnebulad CavTvaleT, rom es xarjebi mcirea, – gasi da hari mezoblebi arian,
jonsi da brauni erT mrevls ekuTvnian. am ukanasknelT sxvadasxva qalaqebSi rom ecxovraT, ga­
cvlis SesaZleblobas ase advilad ver aRmoaCendnen. manZili da informaciis uqonloba vaWrobas
aZnelebs. swored amas vuwodebT transaqciul danaxarjebs. esaa dainteresebul mxareTa konta­

23
qtebze da SeTanxmebaze gaweuli danaxarji. roca mxareebi erTmaneTisgan moSorebiT cxovroben,
maTTvis Znelia internetis gareSe vaWrobis SesaZleblobis gamoZebna, amdenad, interneti efeq­
tianad amcirebs transaqciul danaxarjebs. Suamavlebi – es yvelasgan aTvalwunebuli adamianebi
– erTmaneTs axvedreben gamyidvelebs da myidvelebs, riTac spoben barierebs SeTanxmebisken mi­
maval gzaze. Suamavals aqvs sakuTari SedarebiTi upiratesoba – igi informacias dabali dana­
xarjebiT awarmoebs.

transaqciuli danaxarjebi xSirad xels gviSlis

urTierTxelsayrel gacvlaSi

sabazro aRmoCenebi
ekonomistebi Tvlian, rom TiTqmis yovelTvis (an absoluturad yovelTvis), SedarebiTi upira­
tesoba mxolod gacvlis sabazro procesSi gamovlindeba. adamianebi cdiloben sakuTari Sedarebi­
Ti upiratesobis realizacias imiT, rom irCeven maqsimalurad mimzidvel variantebs. amerikelebi
yiduloben aziur sportul tansacmels, iaponelebi ki – amerikul xorbals mxolod imitom, rom
aseT qmedebas sasurveli Sedegis miRebis saukeTeso gzad miiCneven. sakuTrebaTa gacvlis sabazro
procesSi Cven aRmovaCenT SedarebiT upiratesobebs da maTgan warmoqmnil efeqtianobas.
sabaziso informacias, umravles SemTxvevaSi, fasebi gvawvdian. magaliTad, studentebs surT
gaigon, rogori SesaZleblobebi iSleba maT winaSe karieris Tval­sazrisiT, an ra SemzRudavi faq­
torebi iCens Tavs, Tuki isini politologiis, medicinis an filosofiis magistris diplomebs
miiReben. sulac ar gvinda vTqvaT, TiTqosda adamianebi mxolod fasebs aqcevdnen yuradRebas,
magram, sxva Tanabar pirobebSi, fardobiTi fasebi marTlac warmarTaven maTs qcevas. roca, maga­
liTad, iaponeli fermerebi xels iReben xorblis warmoebaze, raki sakuTar produqcias ameriki­
dan eqsportirebulze iafad ver gayidian, isini ise iqcevian, TiTqos miznis miRwevis yvelaze
iafi xerxi yvelaze efeqtianic iyos. amasTan, mudmivad xdeba TanamSromlobis da urTierTSegue­
bis procesebis waxaliseba, razec Sendeba kidec yovelgvari ekonomika.

dava faseulobaTa Sesaxeb

ra ufro efeqtiania – meddis diplomi Tu filosofiis doqtoris xarisxi? mobiluri tele­
foni Tu telefonavtomati? tyis mTliani gaCexva Tu SerCeviTi gamoxSirva? aseTi formulire­
biT, am kiTxvebs azri ar gaaCnia. efeqtianobis da araefeqtianobis Cveneuli xedva ganisazRvreba
imiT, Tu Tavad ras vafasebT. sakiTxavi is ki araa, Tu ra aris sinamdvileSi efeqtiani, aramed is,
Tu vis aqvs ufleba, daadginos efeqtianobis kriteriumebi. saZile tomridan gamoZvroma da
mwvervalze asvla mravalTaTvis saSinlad araefeqtiani saqcielia, Tumca aseT midgomas aqtiu­
rad gaaprotesteben alpinizmis moyvarulebi. am winaaRmdegobas imitom ar mivyavarT sazoga­
doebriv konfliqtamde, rom yvelani adamianis pirad arCevans pativs vcemT – kargad gamoiZinos
Tu mwvervalze aZvres. usagno dava mxolod maSin iwyeba, roca uflebebis sakiTxSi SeTanxmebas
ver vaRwevT. roca sakuTrebis uflebebi zusti, stabiluri da ucvlelia, SezRudul resursebs
edeba fuladi fasi, romelic maTs fardobiT iSviaTobas asaxavs. is, vinc gadawyvetilebas iRebs,
am fass iyenebs, rogorc informaciis wyaros. imis Tqma, rom fasebi `arasworia~ da ver asaxavs
garkveuli produqtis realur Rirebulebas, am fasebis warmomqmneli sabazro principebis uar­
yofis tolfasia. esaa ara efeqtianobis, aramed sakuTrebis uflebis da am uflebis momcveli zo­
gadi TamaSis wesebis kritika.

mokled gavimeoroT

efeqtianoba Sefasebebzea damokidebuli. Tumca fizikuri da teqnologiuri parametrebi

gaTvaliswinebulia efeqtianobis gansazRvrisas, magram es faqtorebi TavisTavad ver ganapiro­

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beben alternatiuli procesebis efeqtianobas. efeqtianoba ganisazRvreba, rogorc Sedegis Se­
fasebisa da danaxarjTa Sefasebis fardoba.
simdidre, am sityvis ufarToesi gagebiT, niSnavs imas, rasac adamianebi afaseben. adamianebi
mxolod imitom cvlian sakuTrebis uflebebs, rom amgvar gacvlas piradi simdidris gamravlebis
efeqtian saSualebad miiCneven. nebayoflobiTi gacvla yovelTvis gulisxmobs naklebad fase­
ulze uaris Tqmas ufro faseulis sanacvlod. gacvla iseTive mwarmoebluri procesia, rogorc
mrewveloba an soflis meurneoba.
SedarebiTi upiratesoba alternatiuli RirebulebiT ganisazRvreba. adamianebi specializ­
debian, raTa ivaWron da gamdidrdnen. isini irCeven im specialobebs, romlebic maTi SedarebiTi
upiratesobebis gamoyenebis asparezad gamodgeba. simdidris mateba aRiwereba sawarmoo SesaZ­
leblobaTa mrudebiT.
sakuTrebis uflebebze da gacvlis minimalur SezRudvebze dafuZnebuli sazogadoebrivi siste­
ma xels uwyobs adamianebs imis gagebaSi, Tu ra mimarTulebiT unda eZebon sakuTari SedarebiTi upi­
ratesobebis gamoyenebis perspeqtiva. ase imitom xdeba, rom, xsenebuli tipis sistemebSi, sabazro
procesebi da Tavisufali faswarmoqmna informaciis mopovebis efeqtian meqanizmad yalibdeba.
dava imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad efeqtiania esa Tu is procesi, Tavisi arsiT, aris dava TamaSis
wesebisa da garkveul resursebze sakuTrebis uflebis Sesaxeb.

sakiTxebi gansjisaTvis

1. xuliganma jeks TavSi Caartya da axali xelTaTmani waarTva. vin moigo? vin waago?
2. bevrs moswons orTqlmavlis Sesaxedaoba.
a) unda CavrToT Tu ara aseTi esTetikuri siamovneba orTqlmavlis sasargeblo Tvise­
baTa nusxaSi, gadasazidi tvirTis moculobasTan erTad?
b) Tuki rkinigzis mflobelebi gamonaxaven gadasaxadis akerfis xerxs maTTvis, visac
orTqlmavlis Sesaxedaoba moswons, CarTavdnen Tu ara esTetikur siamovnebas
orTqlmavlis sasargeblo TvisebaTa nusxaSi?
g) gaizrdeboda Tu ara orTqlmavlis efeqtianoba am SemTxvevaSi?
3. ra ufro efeqtiania – 1956 wlis gamoSvebis `Fender~-is cnobili gitara, Tu 2003 wlis gamoSve­
bis `EL Cheapo~-s iafi eleqtrogitara? Seicvleba Tu ara Tqveni pasuxi, Tu SeityobT, rom
`Fender~ Tavis gitaras 12,000 dolarad yidis, `EL Cheapo~-s gitara ki 175 dolari Rirs?
4. efeqtiania Tu ara ojaxis naxevarfabrikatebiT gamokveba? ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gadaiqces
es Zviri produqtebi ojaxuri sadilis momzadebis umcires danaxarjebad? iqneb cdeba is,
vinc naxevarfabrikatebis myidvelebs uyairaTobaSi adanaSaulebs da Tvlis, rom es ukanas­
knelni `normalurze~ orjer Zvirs xarjaven?
5. mravali amerikeli, sazogadoebrivi transportis gamoyenebis an kolegebTan kooperirebis
da ramdenime adamianisTvis erTi avtomanqanis gamoyenebis nacvlad, samsaxurSi sakuTari
avtomobiliT dadis.
a) SeiZleba Tu ara erTdroulad efeqtiani iyos im mZRolis moqmedeba, romelic pikis
saaTis dros sakuTari avtomobiliT marto gadaadgildeba da im adamianis moqmede­
bac, romelic sazogadoebriv transports iyenebs?
b) sinamdvileSi ras gulisxmoben, roca Tvlian, rom amdeni adamiani, romelic samsaxur­
Si sakuTari avtomobiliT midis, araefeqtianad iqceva?
6. advokati fudi qveyanaSi yvelaze cnobili iuristia. amas garda, igi fenomenalurad flobs
sabeWd manqanas – wuTSi 120 sityvas beWdavs. uRirs Tu ara fuds naSromebis sakuTari xeliT
beWdva, Tu saukeTeso mdivani, romlis daqiravebac SeuZlia, wuTSi mxolod 60 sityvas beWda­
vs? daamtkiceT, rom fudi naklebefeqtiani mbeWdavia, vidre misi mdivani.
7. cdilobda ra daemtkicebina, rom mosaxleobis zrda sasoflo-sameurneo resursebs amowur­
viT emuqreba, Worldwatch Institute aRniSnavda, rom 1998 wels, pirvelad istoriaSi, aSS-Si moixma­
res ufro meti sakvebi produqti, vidre awarmoes.

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