Modal -> Auxiliary

1.Present:
can/may/will/shall/must/have to/has to +
Vbase
She can speak English.
2.Past:
could/might/would/should/must/had to +
Vbase
They would come home.
3.Perfect:
could + have +V3
I would have gone home.
Exercise 1
Choose the best answer for these
sentences!
1. It's a hospital. You ..... not smoke.
a. must
b. may
c. will

2. I .... speak Arabic fluently when I was a

child and we lived in Morocco.
a. can
b. could
c. should
3. The teacher said we .... read this book
for our own pleasure as it is optional.
a. can
b. shall
c. will

4. Take an umbrella. It .... rain later.

a. may
b. might
c. would

5. You ...... look at me when I am talking.

a. could
b. should
c. would
Exercise 2
Complete these sentences using
appropriate modal!
1. You really should not be late again.
2. If you don’t start working harder, you
will have to repeat the course next year.
3. I may be able to help you, but I'm not
sure yet.
4. Already as a child Mozart could play the
piano beautifully.
5. May/Can I go to the bathroom, please?
Exercise 3
Choose the most suitable modal verb in
each of the following sentences: these
sentences are not necessarily related to
the article!
1. People who live in New York can / will /
must see the Statue of Liberty.
2. You will / may / must / can pass your
driving test before you will / may / must /
can drive.
3. In 2100, people cannot / will not / must
not be able to use oil as we do today.
4. In 15 years’ time, people must / will
have to / will use more electric cars.
5. I am 15 years old today, so I will / can /
may / must still be alive in the year 2050.
 6. If I buy a lottery ticket, I may / can /
must / will win the jackpot. If I don’t, I
may not / will not.

Exercise 4
Match the symbols with the term!
1) + a. Minus
2) = b. Plus
3) X or * c. Multiplied by
4) - d. Equals / Is
5) / or : e. Divided by

Numbers
 Write decimal points as a point (.), not a
comma (,)
3.5 3,5 = three point five
 After the number, say number
separately
1.25 = one point two five
 American
Before English:
British theEnglish:
pointzero
say
does
and
numbers
not
nought
usetogether
nought.
are used
before
Oh
25.25can and
be used
afterafter
= twenty-fivea point
decimal
thetwo
decimal
point.
five point.
0.03
0.3 ==zero
zeropoint
pointthree
zero or
three or zero
nought point
point
oh three
three
 634 = six hundred and thirty four
 1/2 = one second / one half /a half
 5/6 = five sixths
 1/4 = one fourth /one quarter / a
quarter
 How to say the YEAR in English
Years are normally divided into two parts;
the first two digits and the last two digits.
1984 is divided into 19 and 84 so you would
say nineteen eighty-four.
1. 1066 = ten sixty-six
2. 1652 = sixteen fifty-two
3. 1941 = nineteen forty-one
4. 2017 = twenty seventeen

How to say the years after 2000

For the year 2000 you say (the year) two
thousand.
For the years 2001 to 2010, the most
common way of saying the year is two
thousand and + number.
5. 2001 = two thousand and one
6. 2005 = two thousand and five
7. 2008 = two thousand and eight
For the first years after 2010 you may hear
two different alternatives.
2012 – Some people say
Exercise 5
1. 3.46 = three point four six
2. 23.4 = twenty-three point four
3. 0.8 = zero point eight
4. 1.06 = one point zero six
5. 2001 = two thousand one
6. 755 = seven hundred fifty five
7. 1988 = nineteen and eighty eight
8. 55 = fifty five
9. 17 = seventeen
10. 203 = two hundred three
11. 7/8 = seven eighth
12. 3/4 = three fourth / three quarter
13. 2/3 = two third
14. 33.645 = thirty three point six four five
15. 0.023 = zero point zero two three