Introductory Section

Periodic Table
1A 8A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
Alkali metals /‫فلزات قلوية‬
Alkali earth metals /‫فلزات قلوية ترابية‬
‫العناصر االنتقالية‪Transition metal/‬‬
‫هالوجينات‪Halogens/‬‬
‫غازات نبيلة أو خاملة‪Noble gases/‬‬
 Atomic
Number Symbol

Element
Atomic Name
Mass
Atomic Number Is the # of
protons found
in the nucleus
of every atom
of that atom

Atomic Number = # of proton = # of electrons

 The mass of an atom of a
chemical element. It is
Atomic Mass approximately equivalent to
the number of proton and
neutrons in the atom.

= # of Proton + # of neutrons
# of electron = 1
# of proton = 1
# of electron = 1
Electron configuration
1st Shell Chemical Symbol
Contains 2e- (Na, Ca, Cl,…)
(electrons 1-2)

2nd Shell
Contains 8e- nucleus

(contains 3-10)

3rd Shell
Contains 8e-
(electrons 11-18)
Electron configuration of Li:
Atomic number

3 3
Electrons Protons
Li

1st Shell (Maximum of 2 electrons)

Electron configuration of Be:
Electron configuration of B:
Electron configuration of Ca:
Electron configuration of Al:
Molecular weight
➢ Find the molecular weight of
Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
Atomic Mass of Na= 22.989

Atomic Mass of Cl= 35.453

Answer:
M(NaCl)= (1*22.989)+(1*35.453)
M(NaCl)= 58.443 g/mol
➢ Find the molecular weight of
Lactose (C12H22O11).
➢ Find the molecular weight of
Glucose (C6H12O6).
 Metals
Physical Chemical
Properties Properties

✓ Lustrous (shiny) ✓ Have 1-3 electrons in the outer

✓ Good conductor of heat and
electricity
✓ High melting point
✓ High density (heavy for their size)
✓ Malleable (can be hammered)
✓ Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
✓ Usually solid at room temperature
shell of each metal atom and lose
electrons readily
✓ Corrode easily (e.g., damaged by
oxidation such as tarnish or rust)
✓ Lose electrons easily
✓ Have lower electronegativity
✓ Are good reducing agents
➢ The table shows the properties of some metals:
Metals Density (g/ml) Boiling Point (℃)
AL 2.7 660
Cu 8.9 1084
Au 18.9 1064
Fe 7.9 1540
Pb 11.3 327
Hg 13.6 -39
Na 0.97 98
1. Which metal has higher density?................................................
2. Which metal has lower density? ………………………………
3. A piece of gold was dropped into a container containing mercury (Hg).
Does the Gold (Au) piece float or sink? Explain your answer.
Word Meaning
Periodic Table ‫الجدول الدوري‬
Metal ‫فلز‬
Non-metal ‫ال فلز‬ Word Meaning
Semimetal/ metalloids ‫اشباه فلزات‬ Density ‫الكثافة‬
Shell/ Orbet ‫مدار‬ Boiling Point ‫درجة الغليان‬
nucleus ‫نواة‬ higher ‫مرتفع‬
electron ‫الكترون‬ lower ‫منخفض‬
Proton ‫بروتون‬ properties ‫خصائص‬
Electron Configuration ‫التوزيع االلكتروني‬ Atomic number ‫العدد الذري‬
Neutrons ‫نيوترون‬ Atomic mass ‫ الكتلة الذرية‬/‫العدد الكتلي‬
Element ‫عنصر‬
compound ‫مركب‬
Molecular mass ‫ الكتلة الجزيئية‬/‫الكتلة المولية‬