Objectives

 Definition of a Joint

Joints 


Classification of Joints
Stability of Joints
 Nerve Supply of Joints

Dr Alsayed

Articulation between two or more bones.

1 2
Definition of a Joint 1

2 3 Elbow Joint
Shoulder Joint
 JOINTS

Anatomical position.
Classification of Joints
Anatomical
(1)-Fibrous
joints
planes.
(2)-Cartilagenous
joints
(3)-Synovial
joints

‫مـفـصـل ثـا بـت أو غـيـر مـتـحـرك‬ ) ‫مـفـصـل ( قـلـيـل الـحـركـة‬ ‫مـفـصــل مـتـحـرك‬
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
1-Suture 1-Primary. Several

Bone.
2-Syndesmosis. 2-Secondry (symphysis). classifications

3-Gomphosis.
*For each joint:-
1.Characters.
2.Types.

1- Sutures
1- Attached by fibrous tissue 2- Ossify at certain age 3- No or very limited movement

I- Fibrous Joints
 2- Syndesmosis 3- Gomphosis
1- Attached by Strong Ligaments 2- Never ossify

Syndesmosis
Inferior tibio-fibular joint

Fibrous membrane

Syndesmosis

II- Cartilagenous Joints

Bones are united by cartilage
1- Primary (not mobile) 2- Secondary (some mobility)
(synchondrosis) (Symphysis)

II- Cartilagenous Joints

Epiphyseal
cartilage

Epiphysis
1- They lie in the median plane
2- Connected by fibrocartilage Symphysis Pubis
Epiphyseal 3- No capsule
cartilage 4- Strengthened by strong ligament
5- Have some range of movement
First Sternocostal joint
 III- Synovial Joints
Characters of Synovial Joints

Blood vessels and nerves Blood vessels

of Synovial membrane of Synovial membrane

Capsular thickenings
Articular hyaline cartilage (Ligaments)
Fibrous capsule Cancellous bone
Synovial membrane Extracapsular thickenings
(Ligaments)
Joint cavity
Bursa
(filled with synovial fluid)
Intra-articular meniscus

The Capsule is perforated

by
Blood vessels and Nerves
Cancellous bone arteries
of Synovial membrane
Capsular thickenings
(Ligaments)
 Shoulder Joint

Structures which may present inside

Synovial Joints
Fibrous Capsule

Capsular Ligaments

Extra-Capsular
Ligaments

A- Cartilagenous structures may be inside Joint cavity

3- Meniscus
1- Disc 2- Labrum

Disc inside sternoclavicular joint

Labrum inside Hip joint

B- Tendon of a muscle may be inside Joint cavity
C- Ligaments may be inside Joint cavity

Tendon of long head of biceps muscle

inside shoulder joint Tendon of popliteus muscle
inside knee joint
Cruciate ligaments inside knee joint

A- According to number of articulating bones

Types of Synovial Joints
1- Simple 2- Compound 3- Complex
Disc Knee
Joint

B- According to number of axes of movement

Sternoclavicular
Joint

Meniscus

Elbow
Joint

1- Uniaxial 2- Biaxial
a- Hinge Joints b- Pivot Joints a- Ellipsoid Joints b- Bicondylar Joints
Atlas Fibrous ring

Knee
joint

Radiocarpal
joint
Axis

Interphalangeal

Oval convexity Metacarpo-phalangeal

Superior radio-ulnar
joint

Oval concavity
 3- Polyaxial
c- Saddle Joints
a- Ball-and-Socket Joints b- Plane
Carpo-metacarpal
Calcaneo-cuboid
Joint of the thumb
Inter-tarsal
joints

Head of the Femur

Cup shaped concavity

(acetabulum)

1- Temporo-mandibular 2- Sternoclavicular joint 3- The Ulnocarpal Joint:

joint joint

The Articular Disc

Disc inside sternoclavicular joint

 1- Shape of bones 2- Muscles 3- Ligaments

Stability of Joints

A branch to supply the joint

Nerve Supply of Joints

(Hilton’s Law)

A branch to
supply the skin
over the joint

Motor nerve to muscle

Thank You