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Lesson Title: Tracking the Circulatory System and

Nervous System
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COR 007: Earth and Life Science
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Module #20

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Lesson Title: Tracking the Circulatory System and Nervous System
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Learning Targets:
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At the end of the module, students will be able to:
1. Differentiate each of the major parts and functions of the
circulatory and nervous system
2. Trace the flow of blood in the human body

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Circulatory System (Transport System)

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It consists of the heart and
blood vessels. It also includes
about 5.5 liters of blood that
your heart transports through
your blood vessels.

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Heart- it is a muscular organ that
rhythmically contracts to force blood
around the body.
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o Atrium- the upper chamber of the
heart; receive blood returning to the
heart from the body.
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o Ventricles- the lower chamber of heart;
pump blood from heart to the body.
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o Valve- controls the flow of blood
through the heart by opening and
closing during the contractions of the
heart.
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Blood flow sequence- (Blood:
Deoxygenated) Vena Cava
(Superior/Inferior) → Right
Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right
Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery →
Lungs (Capillaries) → (Blood:
Oxygenated) Pulmonary Vein →
Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left
Ventricle → Aortic Arch (carotid,
axillary, aorta) → Organs
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Blood Vessels- tubes transporting blood around the
bodies of many animals, which together with the
heart, make up the transport system.
o Arteries- thick in size; take oxygen-rich blood away
from your heart.
o Veins- thin in size; take blood back toward your
heart.
o Arterioles- are tiny branches of arteries that lead to
capillaries.
o Venules- a very small vein, especially one collecting
blood from the capillaries.
o Capillaries- are very tiny blood vessels that form a
connection between arteries and veins; facilitate the
transfer of oxygen, nutrients and wastes in and out of
your body.
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Blood- it carries water, nutrients, waste products and oxygen to and from your body
cells. A young person will have up to a gallon of blood, whereas an adult will have
about 5 quarts of blood.
o Red Blood Cells - take oxygen from your lungs and transport it to the rest of your
bodycells. After delivery, it gathers up the carbon dioxide and delivers it back to your
lungs.
o White Blood Cells - these blood cells play a role in fighting off germs (phagocytosis)
o Platelets – it helps stop bleeding. When you cut yourself, platelets start accumulating
at the opening and plug up the hole to stop bleeding.
o Plasma - made in the liver, it is the liquid part of your blood; it helps maintain blood
pressure and regulates body temperature.
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Nervous System

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it enables the body to respond quickly
to changes in the environment by
accomplishing the following
functions:
1.) gather information;
2.) transmit information to processing
areas in brain and spinal cord;
3) process the information
4.) send information to muscles,
glands, and organs.
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Neurons
– it is the functional units of structure and function of the nervous system
– it carries information through the nervous system in the form of nerve impulses.
– Parts: cell body, dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal.
o Sensory Neurons (afferent)- receive initial stimuli from sense organs.
o Interneurons (connector)- connect sensory neuron, motor neuron, and other interneurons.
o Motor Neuron (efferent)- conducts impulses away from CNS, towards organs and muscles.
o Nerve Impulse- is a wave of chemical and electrical change that is conducted along the
membrane of a neuron, which is basically from sensory neuron to interneuron to motor
neuron.

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Central Nervous System- process the information and respond by sending nerve
impulses.
o Brain- exert centralized control over the other organs of the body.
– Cerebrum
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the largest region of the brain (85%) where learning, intelligence, and judgment occur. It also controls
all our voluntary (under your control) activities, plus the attitude, emotion and personality.
– Cerebellum
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coordinates the actions of the muscles to maintain balance, equilibrium, and posture, resulting to
smooth, steady, and efficient movements.
– Brain Stem
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coordinates many survival functions of the brain such as breathing, heart rate, sleep, and wakefulness.
(midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus)
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– Brain Stem
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coordinates many survival functions of the brain such as breathing, heart rate, sleep,
and wakefulness. (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus)
– Spinal Cord
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relays nerve impulses to and from the brain; sometimes, bypassing the brain to
create “shortcut”, automatic responses known as reflexes.

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Peripheral Nervous System
– it is the link between CNS to the rest of the body. It gathers and delivers information to and
from the CNS.
o Somatic Nervous System – stimulates skeletal muscles under our conscious
control.
o Autonomic Nervous System – stimulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and
glands (involuntary)
– Parasympathetic
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it keeps the body functioning even it is not active; it is most active under normal conditions.
– Sympathetic
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it dominates in times of physical or emotional stress, especially “fight- or-flight” situations
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CHECK

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Exercise 3: The following are the events that happen during cardiac cycle. I want you to arrange these
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events (1-9) in the correct order starting from the one given below.
_____ The left ventricle contracts and blood flows along the aorta to the body
_____ The blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
_____ Oxygenated blood flows along the pulmonary veins into the left atrium
_____ The blood passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle
_____ The left atrium contracts
_____ Deoxygenated blood flows from the inferior and superior vena cava into the right atrium.
_____ The deoxygenated blood picks up oxygen
_____ The right atrium contracts
_____ The right ventricle contracts and blood flows along the pulmonary artery to the lungs
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LESSON WRAP-UP

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1) A high fat diet could result in the clogging of artery walls. How could this
affect circulation?
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The narrower your arteries are, the greater the risk that they could become
blocked.
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If an artery bursts or becomes blocked, the part of the body that gets its
blood from that artery will be starved of the energy and oxygen it needs and
the cells in the affected area will die.
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If the burst artery supplies a part of the brain then the result is a stroke.
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If the burst artery supplies a part of the heart, then that area of heart muscle
will die, causing a heart attack.
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2) Are there any bad habits that can hurt the brain? What are they?
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Yes, bad habits contribute a lot in hurting the brain. Researchers include the following list:
• Missing out sleep;
• Having too much alone time;
• Eating too much junk food;
• Blasting headphones;
• Not moving enough (no regular exercise);
• Smoking;
• Overeating; and
• Staying in the dark too much.
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