S.

2 Integrate Science
Chapter 8 Quiz Notes
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Through 1st Exam Notes (Ch. 8.1-8.3)
8.1 Simple circuit
P.77: Open circuit and closed circuit
A circuit with a complete path is called a closed circuit. An incomplete circuit is called an open circuit
Conditions of the circuit necessary for an electrical appliance to work:
• it has a source of electrical energy; and
• it is a closed circuit.

P.79: materials conduct electricity or not

Metrial Cotton thread Rubber band Aluminium strip
Does it conduct electricity?   
Wooden chopstick Iron nail Copper wire
  
Materials that conduct electricity are electrical conductors
Materials that do not conduct electricity are electrical insulator

P.81-82: Circuit symbols

*No resource given*

8.2 Current
P.76:
Basic of current
In a closed circuit with a cell, the circuit flows from the positive terminal of the cell to the negative
terminal through the circuit
Measuring current
We use an ammeter to measure the size of a current.
The unit of current is the ampere (A).

P.89: current as a flow of chargers

source of electrical Circus is a flow of electric charger
energy (e.g. cell)

electrical appliance
(e.g. bulb)
P.92: Heating effect
When a current passes through a conductor, the temperature of the conductor increases
Some electrical energy is changed to thermal energy.

P.93: Magnetic effects

When a current passes through a coil of wire wound around an iron nail, the coil and the nail work like a
magnet.

8.3: Voltage
P.96: Circuit diagram of Votage
It's red knob (+) should be connected to the positive terminal of the cell and it's
black knob (-) to the negative terminal

P.99: relationship between voltage and current

P.100: Result
Reading of voltmeter (V) Reading of ammeter (A)
1.3 0.15
2.4 0.25
3.8 0.3

The higher the voltage, the larger the current flowing through the circuit.
More cells → Higher Votage → Large Current → Blub brighter
Chapter 8.4: Resistance
 Residence shows the opposition of a material to the flow of current.
 It's unit is the ohm (Ω ¿.
 A resistor is a circuit component that has a certain value of resident
 If a resistor with a higher resistance is connected to a cell, it will result in a smaller
current in the circuit.
 Resistor are used to control the size of current in the circuit.
Circuit symbol for a resistor:

Chapter 8.5: Electrical circuits

In Series circuits:
 The current is the same at all points.
 The sum of the voltage across each electrical appliance is equal to the voltage of energy
source.
 If a series circuit is broken at any point, current will not flow in the circuit
In parallel circuit:
 the current in the main loop is equal to the sum of the current in the branches
The relationship:

A1=A2=A3 V1=V2+V3

In parallel circuit:
 The current in the main loop is equal to the sum of the
current in the branches
 The current flowing in the branch with higher resistance is smaller
 the voltage across each branch is the same
 If a parallel circuit is broken at any branch, current will still flow in other branches
The relationship:

A3=A1+A2 V1=V2=V3
Chapter 8.6: Household electricity
 The main voltage in Hong Kong is 220V
Three-pin plugs and the colour coding of wires
--- Earth Neutral Live
Hole Up Left Right
pin Up Left Right
wire Green & yellow Black Brown
 Electricity is supplied to our homes through the live wire and the neutral wire
 When the number of branches increase, the current flowing through the cell decrease
 Overloading is dangers
Chapter 8.7: Power and efficiency
Energy = E Power = P Time = T
Kilowatt-hour = KWh = Energy
1000Watt = 1 Kilowatt = kW = Power
1 Hour = 60 seconds = Time
Method:
1. E=Pt
2. Efficiency= useful power
power input

--End of the notes--