WALLAGA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPT : MENG

COURSE:FLUID POWER
SYSTEM

DATE :NOV,2023
 Chapter 2
hydraulic pump and regulation
Objective
 Define the pump
 Understand the pump types and principles
Describe how select the pump and its efficiency
including connection
 HYDRAULIC PUMPS
• It converts mechanical energy in to hydraulic energy.
• The basic principle is that Due to mechanical action, the pump created partial vacuum at its
inlet.
• This permits atmospheric pressure to force the fluid through the inlet line and in to the
pump, then pump pushes the fluid into the hydraulic system.

• Provide the Flow needed to transmit power from a prime mover to a hydraulic actuator.

These are mainly classified into two categories:

a. Non-positive displacement pumps (Hydrodynamic/Rotodynamic)
b. Positive displacement pumps (Hydrostatic)
 a.Non-positive displacement pumps
• In these pumps the fluid is pressurized by the rotation of the propeller and the fluid
pressure is proportional to the rotor speed.
• It can not withstanding high pressures.
• It used for low-pressure and high-volume flow applications.
• These pumps are primarily used for transporting fluids and find little use in the
hydraulic or fluid power industries.
common example:
1) Centrifugal pump – radial flow
2) Propeller pump- Axial flow
3) Jet pump - mixed flow
1.Centrifugal pump – radial flow

• The fluid enters the pump impeller along the rotating axis and is
accelerated by the impeller ,flowing radially outward through the pump
casing, from where it exists into the discharge piping.
• Flow dependent on speed and outlet pressure
• Primarily fluid transfer
Classified as:
 single-stage
Double-stage or
Multi-stage
Figure.1
2.Propeller pump
• It transforms the rotary power of the engine into forward thrust.
• The propeller pump develops most of its head by the lifting action of
the impeller, with the flow entering axially, and discharging nearly
axially into a guide case.
• pressure head is developed mostly by the propelling or lifting action
of the propeller blades on water.
• It has high efficiency under low head, specially within 2 meters.
 3.Jet pump

• Jet pump also known as *ejectors* are device of capable of

transporting of all motive fluid like steam.
• It essentially comprises a nozzle and a diffuser assembly.
• It is used to transfer momentum from high velocity primary
stream to secondary stream .
• A stream of high pressure of water from delivery pipe of
the pump or from the independent supply reservoir is allowed to
flow through the nozzle section.
2.Postive displacement pumps

• A positive displacement (PD) pump moves a fluid by repeatedly

enclosing a fixed volume and moving it mechanically through the
system.
• The pumping action is cyclic and can be driven by pistons, screws,
gears, rollers, diaphragms, or vanes.
• It add energy to a fluid by applying force to the liquid with a
mechanical device
such as a piston or plunger.
Types of Positive displacement pumps

Classified as :
Fixed Displacement
Flow varies only with shaft speed
Good for constant flow and pressure applications
Typically less expensive than variable pump systems
Typical types Gear Pumps and Vane Pumps
Variable Displacement
– Flow can be varied at a given shaft speed
– Typically more energy efficient because flow and pressure ( Horsepower) more
closely matches load.
 1.Gear pumps (fixed displacement)

a. External gear pumps – when driver gear mesh with driven

gear externally and used for increasing pressure of oil, it is
known as External gear pumps .

Fig.2 external Gear pumps

Advantages and disadvantages of gear pumps
The advantages are as follows:
1.They are self-priming.
2.They give constant delivery for a given speed.
3. They are compact and light in weight.
4. Volumetric efficiency is high.

The disadvantages are as follows:

1. The liquid to be pumped must be clean, otherwise it will damage pump.
2. Variable speed drives are required to change the delivery.
3. If they run dry, parts can be damaged because the fluid to be pumped is used as
lubricant.
Fig.3 internal Gear pumps
 b) Internal gear pumps
They consist of two gears: An external gear and an internal gear.
The crescent placed in between these acts as a seal between the suction and discharge.
When a pump operates, the external gear drives the internal gear and both gears rotate in
the same direction.
The fluid fills the cavities formed by the rotating teeth and the stationary crescent. Both
the gears transport the fluid through the pump.
The crescent seals the low-pressure pump inlet from the high-pressure pump outlet.
The fluid volume is directly proportional to the degree of separation and these units may
be reversed without difficulty.
 The major use for this type of pump occurs when a through shaft is necessary, as in an
automatic transmission.
These pumps have a higher pressure capability than external gear pumps.
 1.Gear pumps (fixed displacement)
• A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement.
• One of the gear is connected to the drive shaft connected to hydraulic motor.
• The second gear is driven as it meshes with the driver gear.
• As the gears rotate they separate on the intake side of the pump, creating a
void and suction which is filled by fluid.
• The fluid is carried by the gears to the discharge side of the pump, where
the meshing of the gears displaces the fluid.
• They are one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid
power applications.

Fig.4 two different Gear pumps

2.Lobe Pumps
 Lobe pumps have both elements externally driven and don't contact each other quieter
than gear pump.
 Lobe contact is prevented by external timing gears located in the gearbox.
 Pump shaft support bearings are located in the gearbox, and because the bearings are out
of the pumped liquid, pressure is limited by bearing location and shaft deflection .

Fig.5 lobe Gear pumps

 3.Screw pump
• Three-spindle screw pumps are used for the transport of viscous fluids with
lubricating properties.
• They are suited for a variety of applications such as fuel injection, oil burners,
boosting, hydraulics, fuel, lubrication, circulating, feed, and so on.

Fig.6 screw Gear pumps

 4.Vane pump

There are two types of vane pumps:

1. Unbalanced vane pump
2. Balanced vane pump
The main components of the pump are the cam surface and the rotor.
The rotor contains radial slots splined to drive shaft.
The rotor rotates inside the cam ring. Each radial slot contains a vane, which is free
to slide in or out of the slots due to centrifugal force .
Cont…
During the first half of the rotor rotation, the volume of these
chambers increases, thereby causing a reduction of pressure.
 This is the suction process, which causes the fluid to flow through the
inlet port.
During the second half of rotor rotation, the cam ring pushes the vanes
back into the slots and the trapped volume is reduced.

Fig.7 vane Gear pumps

5.Piston pump[ (fixed or variable)

Fig.7 piston Gear pumps

 What causes cavitation ?
• Pumps handle liquids.
• when vapor phase is formed in the liquids, the performance
of the pump is affected.
• Cavitation too is caused due to the formation of the vapor
phase in the liquid.
• Air bubble formed due to low pressure collapsed in inlet
region when reached in high pressure discharge region.
• This produce high velosity explosive force that highly eroded
pump parts.
Fig.8 cavitation in different part of pump
Why cavitation damage your pump ?

Fig.9 damage pumps

Fig.10 cavitation
 Pump selection
1. select the actuator (hydraulic cylinder or motor)based on load
2. Determine flow rate requirements
3. Determine pump speed and select the prime movers
4. Select pump type based on applications
5. Select system pressure
6. Select reservoir and other components
7. Calculate overall cost of the system
8. Consider factors as noise level ,horse power loss, need of
heat exchanger, schedule maintenance.
Working principle
Fig.11 valve of pumps
Pump connection
Pump connection

Fig.12 pump connection

 problems
1.