Structure of Atom

Matter
• Everything around us that has mass and occupies space is
called matter.
• All matter is composed of atoms, i. e. atoms are the building
blocks of matter.

Atom

Atom Atom
John Dalton's Atomic Model
• All matter is made up of tiny
Indivisible particles called atom.
• An atom can neither be created
nor destroyed.
• All atoms on an element are
identical in shape, size, etc but
atoms of di erent elements di er
in properties.
• Atoms combine in the ratio of
whole numbers to form compounds.
J. J. Thomsan's Model of an Atom
• An atom is considered to be a sphere
of uniform positive charge and
electrons are embedded into it.
• The total positive charge is equal to
the total negative charge and thus
an atom is electrically neutral.
• This model of an atom is also known
as Plum Pudding Or watermelon
model of atom.
 Rutherford's Alpha Particle
Scattering Experiment
• Rutherford bombarded high energy
alpha particles on a thin sheet of gold
foil and observed their trajectories.
• Conclusion
➢ Most of the space inside the atom is
empty .
➢ The central part of an atom is heavy
and positively charged . This central
part called nucleus is very small and
entire mass of atom is embedded into
it.
Rutherford's Model of an atom
• An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus which is
sorrunded by negatively charged electrons. The electrons
keep revolving around the nucleus in fixed path called orbits.
• The electrons and nucleus are held together by an
electrostatic force of attraction.
 Bohr's Model of atom
• Electrons revolve around the nucleus in certain definite circular
paths called orbits or shells.

• Each shell or orbit corresponds to definite energy and hence they

are also known as energy levels or energy shells.

• The orbits are characterised by an integer 'n' called quantum

number of the respective orbit.(n can have values 1,2,3,.... and the
orbits are also designated as K, L, M, N... etc.)

• When an electron is in lowest energy level it is said to be in ground

state. The electron can move to higher or lower energy levels by
gaining or losing energy respectively.
Matter - Water
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