Chapter 9: The Gaseous State

1. Which of the following is not a property of gases?

A) Gases are compressible.
B) Gases expand to fill their containers.
C) The density of a gas is similar to that of a liquid.
D) Gas particles move about rapidly.
E) If one property, such as pressure or volume, or a gas changes, one or more other
properties must change as well.
Ans: C

2. Which of the following is not a property of gases?

A) Gases consist of particles that are relatively far apart.
B) Gases can be compressed in a container.
C) Gas particles collide with one another.
D) When gas particles collide, attractive forces keep them attached to one another.
E) When gases are stored under pressure, their densities increase.
Ans: D

3. Which physical characteristic does not apply to a gas?

A) It can be compressed.
B) Its molecules are separated by large distances.
C) It occupies the total volume of its container.
D) It has a high density.
E) It can be formed by the evaporation of its liquid state.
Ans: D

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) Warm air is less dense than cold air.
B) Warm air rises above cold air.
C) When gases are heated, they expand.
D) The properties of gases are very similar to the properties of liquids.
E) Many properties of gases are the same, regardless of the chemical makeup of the
gases.
Ans: D

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5. The “Before” image in the figure shows the initial condition of a gas at a certain
temperature in a container with a movable piston. Which of the images represents
the condition of the gas when the temperature of the gas is increased, and the external
pressure is held constant?

A) image I B) image II C) image III D) image IV E) None of the images

Ans: E

6. Which of the following statements regarding gas pressure is correct?

A) Gas pressure is commonly measured in units of pounds per square foot.
B) The pressure of air on the outside of a metal can with a low internal pressure is
sufficient to crush the can.
C) If the volume of a container filled with a gas increases at constant temperature, the
pressure will also increase.
D) If the temperature of a gas sample increases while the gas is held at a constant
volume, the pressure will decrease.
E) When the volume of a container of a gas increases, the gas particles will stay
together in the bottom of the container.
Ans: B

7. The figure shows a “Before” image of gas atoms at a certain temperature. If the volume
of the container increases, and the temperature remains constant, which of the images
represents the final condition of the gas?

A) image I B) image II C) image III D) image IV E) None of the images

Ans: E

8. Convert 689 torr to atm.

A) 0.689 atm B) 0.760 atm C) 0.906 atm D) 1.10 atm E) 9.98 × 107 atm
Ans: C

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9. Convert 723 torr to atm.

A) 7.32 × 107 atm B) 0.723 atm C) 0.760 atm D) 0.951 atm E) 1.05 atm
Ans: D

10. Convert 705 torr to atm.

A) 7.01 × 107 atm D) 1.08 atm
B) 0.705 atm E) 5.36 × 105 atm
C) 0.928 atm
Ans: C

11. Convert 1.13 atm to torr.

A) 1.13 × 103 torr D) 1.16 × 10−3 torr
B) 1.14 × 105 torr E) 1.49 × 10−3 torr
C) 859 torr
Ans: C

12. Convert 1.28 atm to mm Hg.

A) 1.28 × 103 mm Hg D) 972.8 mm Hg
B) 1.30 × 105 mm Hg E) 1.03 × 10−3 mm Hg
C) 1.68 × 10−3 mm Hg
Ans: D

13. According to kinetic-molecular theory, in which of the following gases will the average
speed of the molecules be the highest at 400°C?
A) HF B) Cl2 C) H2 O D) SF6 E) SO2
Ans: C

14. Convert 0.157 atm to mm Hg.

A) 119 mm Hg D) 0.157 mm Hg
B) 8.38 × 10−3 mm Hg E) 1.59 × 104 mm Hg
C) 2.07 × 10−4 mm Hg
Ans: A

15. Convert 6.25 × 104 Pa to mm Hg.

A) 0.617 mm Hg D) 82.2 mm Hg
B) 469 mm Hg E) 625 mm Hg
C) 4.75 × 107 mm Hg
Ans: B

16. Convert 986 mm Hg to Pa.

A) 1.30 Pa D) 9.99 × 107 Pa
B) 1.01 × 103 Pa E) 7.49 × 105 Pa
C) 1.31 × 105 Pa
Ans: C

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17. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (Assume a fixed amount of gas under
constant temperature conditions.)
A) Boyle's law says that the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to its
pressure.
B) If the volume of a container of gas is halved, the pressure will be doubled.
C) If the volume of a container of gas is tripled, the pressure will decrease by a factor
of three.
D) When the volume of a container is increased, the distance between the gas particles
decreases.
E) If the pressure on a gas sample is quadrupled, the volume will decrease by a factor
of four.
Ans: D

18. If the initial pressure of a 2.00 L gas sample is 2.50 atm, what will the pressure be if the
volume is changed to 3.00 L at constant temperature?
A) 1.50 atm B) 1.67 atm C) 15.0 atm D) 2.40 atm E) 0.600 atm
Ans: B

19. If a 1.50 L gas sample is held at a constant temperature, and its pressure is changed from
2.30 atm to 3.60 atm, what will the final volume be?
A) 1.50 L B) 3.45 L C) 0.958 L D) 8.28 L E) 0.828 L
Ans: C

20. If a 2.75 L gas sample is held at a constant temperature, and its pressure is changed from
750.0 torr to 360.0 torr, what will the final volume be?
A) 2.75 L B) 5.73 L C) 1.32 L D) 1.41 L E) 2.92 L
Ans: B

21. If the initial pressure of a 3.00 L gas sample is 2.50 atm, what will the pressure be if the
volume is changed to 4.00 L at constant temperature?
A) 5.50 atm B) 2.50 atm C) 7.50 atm D) 1.88 atm E) 0.533 atm
Ans: D

22. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (Assume that pressure and amount of
gas are constant.)
A) Charles's law says that volume is directly proportional to temperature.
B) If the absolute temperature of a gas doubles, then the volume of the gas will
double.
C) If the volume of a gas is halved, then the absolute temperature of the gas will be
halved also.
D) If the temperature of a gas sample decreases from 50o C to 25o C, the pressure will
be halved.
E) When a gas is cooled, the particles move more slowly.
Ans: D

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23. If the volume of a sample of gas is held constant, while the temperature is decreased, the
pressure will
A) become higher because of fewer collisions with the container.
B) become lower because of fewer collisions with the container.
C) become lower because of more collisions with the container.
D) become higher because of more collisions with the container.
E) stay the same because temperature has no effect on pressure.
Ans: A

24. If the temperature of a gas at a constant pressure is increased, the volume will
A) become smaller because of fewer collisions with the sides of the container.
B) become larger because of fewer collisions with the sides of the container.
C) become smaller because of more collisions with the sides of the container.
D) become larger because of more collisions with the sides of the container.
E) stay the same because temperature has no effect on pressure.
Ans: D

25. Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas held at constant pressure is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature. Which of the following is a consequence of
Charles's Law?
A) Oxygen cylinders are often used by climbers on Mt. Everest.
B) Underwater divers often use air cylinders.
C) Gases can be condensed to liquids at certain temperatures and pressures.
D) A sealed balloon will rise if the air in it is heated.
E) Application of sufficient pressure to carbon dioxide gas produces solid dry ice.
Ans: D

26. The pressurevolume relationship expressed by Boyle's law can be explained by the
kinetic molecular theory as follows:
A) When a gas is subjected to more pressure, more of the gas dissolves in a liquid.
B) When the volume of a gas is decreased, its molecules become closer together,
causing more frequent collisions with the walls of the container.
C) The volume of a gas decreases as the pressure applied to the gas increases.
D) When the volume is decreased, the increased temperature causes the molecules to
move faster and to hit the walls of the container more frequently.
E) The pressure of a gas results from its molecules being so close to one another that
they cause the container walls to bulge.
Ans: B

27. Given a fixed amount of gas held at constant pressure, calculate the volume it would
occupy if a 2.00 L sample were cooled from 60.0o C to 30.0o C.
A) 1.00 L B) 4.00 L C) 2.20 L D) 0.455 L E) 1.82 L
Ans: E

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28. Given a fixed amount of gas held at constant pressure, calculate the volume it would
occupy if a 3.50 L sample were cooled from 90.0o C to 30.0o C.
A) 1.17 L B) 10.5 L C) 4.19 L D) 2.92 L E) 1.75 L
Ans: D

29. A gas in a closed container with constant volume is heated from room temperature to
100°C. According to the kinetic molecular theory, the
A) average velocity of the molecules will increase.
B) gas will increase in weight.
C) individual molecules of the gas will increase their size.
D) average distance between molecules will increase.
E) pressure on the sides of the container will decrease.
Ans: A

30. Given a fixed amount of gas held at constant pressure, calculate the temperature to which
the gas would have to be changed if a 3.50 L sample at 23.0o C were to have a final
volume of 1.50 L.
A) 2.0o C B) 127o C C) -146oC D) 9.8o C E) 43.2o C
Ans: C

31. Given a fixed amount of gas held at constant pressure, calculate the temperature to which
the gas would have to be changed if a 1.75 L sample at 23.0o C were to have a final
volume of 3.50 L.
A) 46.0o C B) 89.5o C C) 169o C D) 319o C E) 592o C
Ans: D

32. A given mass of gas in a rigid container is heated from 100o C to 500o C. Which of the
following best describes what will happen to the pressure of the gas?
A) The pressure will remain the same.
B) The pressure will decrease by a factor of five.
C) The pressure will increase by a factor of five.
D) The pressure will increase by a factor less than five.
E) The pressure will increase by a factor greater than five.
Ans: D

33. Given a fixed amount of gas in a rigid container (no change in volume), what pressure
will the gas exert if the pressure is initially 2.50 atm at 22.0o C, and the temperature is
changed to 66.0o C?
A) 7.50 atm B) 2.87 atm C) 0.833 atm D) 2.50 atm E) 3.75 atm
Ans: B

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34. Given a fixed amount of gas in a rigid container (no change in volume), what pressure
will the gas exert if the pressure is initially 1.50 atm at 22.0o C, and the temperature is
changed to 11.0o C?
A) 0.750 atm B) 3.00 atm C) 1.56 atm D) 1.44 atm E) 301 atm
Ans: D

35. Given a fixed amount of gas in a rigid container (no change in volume), what temperature
will the gas have to be changed to if the pressure is initially 3.50 atm at
22.0o C, and the desired final pressure is 1.75 atm?
A) -126o C B) 11.0o C C) 44.0oC D) 148o C E) -148o C
Ans: A

36. Given a fixed amount of gas in a rigid container (no change in volume), what temperature
will the gas have to be changed to if the pressure is initially 1.50 atm at
42.0o C, and the desired final pressure is 3.00 atm?
A) 84.0o C B) 21.0o C C) 630o C D) 357o C E) 273o C
Ans: D

37. For which of the following changes is it not clear whether the volume of a particular
sample of an ideal gas will increase or decrease?
A) increase the temperature and increase the pressure
B) decrease the temperature and increase the pressure
C) increase the temperature and decrease the pressure
D) increase the temperature and keep the pressure constant
E) keep temperature constant and decrease the pressure
Ans: A

38. A sample of gas initially occupies 3.35 L at a pressure of 0.950 atm at 13.0o C. What will
the volume be if the temperature is changed to 22.5o C, and the pressure is changed to
1.05 atm?
A) 5.13 L B) 3.13 L C) 1.79 L D) 2.93 L E) 3.58 L
Ans: B

39. A sample of gas initially occupies 4.25 L at a pressure of 0.850 atm at 23.0o C. What will
the volume be if the temperature is changed to 11.5o C, and the pressure is changed to
1.50 atm?
A) 2.31 L B) 1.20 L C) 4.82 L D) 2.50 L E) 7.21 L
Ans: A

40. A sample of gas initially occupies 5.50 L at a pressure of 0.750 atm at 13.0o C. What will
the pressure be if the temperature is changed to 22.5o C, and the volume is changed to
1.50 L?
A) 6.39 atm B) 11.4 atm C) 0.211 atm D) 2.84 atm E) 1.59 atm
Ans: D

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41. A sample of gas initially occupies 2.50 L at a pressure of 0.900 atm at 22.0o C. What will
the pressure be if the temperature is changed to 56.5o C, and the volume is changed to
1.50 L?
A) 0.584 atm B) 3.85 atm C) 1.68 atm D) 1.34 atm E) 3.77 atm
Ans: C

42. A sample of gas initially occupies 2.50 L at a pressure of 905 torr at 22.0o C. What will
the temperature be if the pressure is changed to 2.00 atm, and the volume is changed to
1.50 L?
A) 22.2o C B) 554o C C) 1.09o C D) 271o C E) 24.5o C
Ans: E

43. A sample of gas initially occupies 3.50 L at a pressure of 795 torr at 32.0o C. What will
the temperature be if the pressure is changed to 4.00 atm, and the volume is changed to
1.50 L?
A) 0.658o C B) 225o C C) 244o C D) 52.2o C E) 3.60o C
Ans: B

44. Calculate the number of moles and the mass of gas in 3.40 L of He at STP.
A) 0.152 mol, 0.608 g D) 76.2 mol, 19.0 g
B) 76.2 mol, 305 g E) 1.00 mol, 4.00 g
C) 0.152 mol, 0.0379 g
Ans: A

45. Calculate the number of moles and the mass of gas in 10.2 L of O2 at STP.
A) 0.455 mol, 7.28 g D) 228 mol, 3648 g
B) 0.455 mol, 14.6 g E) 1.00 mol, 32.0 g
C) 228 mol, 7.14 g
Ans: B

46. Calculate the number of moles and the mass of gas in 5.25 L of N2 at STP.
A) 0.234 mol, 0.00836 g D) 118 mol, 4.20 g
B) 0.234 mol, 3.28 g E) 118 mol, 1652 g
C) 0.234 mol, 6.56 g
Ans: C

47. Calculate the number of moles and the mass of gas in 2.50 L of Ar at STP.
A) 56.0 mol, 784 g D) 0.112 mol, 4.47 g
B) 56.0 mol, 2.00 g E) 1.00 mol, 40.0 g
C) 0.112 mol, 0.00279 g
Ans: D

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48. The two balloons shown in the figure each have the same volume, temperature, and
pressure. Which of the following statements regarding the two balloons is correct?

A) The CO2 balloon has fewer molecules than the O2 balloon.

B) The density of the O2 balloon is greater than the density of the CO2 balloon.
C) The mass of the O2 balloon is greater than the mass of the CO2 balloon.
D) The CO2 balloon is more buoyant than the O2 balloon.
E) None of these statements is correct.
Ans: E

49. A liter container of CO2 and a liter container of H2 are both at 25o C and 1 atm pressure.
Which of the following statements about these gas samples is true?
A) The CO2 and H2 molecules have the same average velocity.
B) There are more H2 molecules than CO2 molecules.
C) The average kinetic energy of the CO2 molecules is greater than that of the H2
molecules.
D) The CO2 molecules on average are moving more slowly than the H2 molecules.
E) The masses of the two gas samples are equal.
Ans: D

50. The number of molecules in equal volumes of two different gases under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure are
A) widely different.
B) extremely numerous.
C) impossible to compare without specific data.
D) equal.
E) greater for the molecule with the greater molar mass.
Ans: D

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51. Calculate the number of moles in 7.5 g of Ar, and the volume that it would occupy at
STP.
A) 0.19 mol, 0.0085 L D) 3.0 × 102 mol, 6.7 × 103 L
B) 0.19 mol, 4.2 L E) 1.0 mol, 22 L
C) 3.0 × 10 mol, 13 L
2

Ans: B

52. Calculate the number of moles in 75 g of O2 , and the volume that it would occupy at STP.
A) 2.3 mol, 52 L D) 2.4 × 103 mol, 5.4 × 104 L
B) 2.3 mol, 0.10 L E) 4.7 mol, 52 L
C) 2.4 × 10 mol, 107 L
3

Ans: A

53. Calculate the number of moles in 55 g of N2 , and the volume that it would occupy at STP.
A) 2.0 mol, 45 L D) 1.5 × 103 mol, 3.4 × 104 L
B) 2.0 mol, 0.089 L E) 3.9 mol, 88 L
C) 1.5 × 10 mol, 67 L
3

Ans: A

54. Calculate the number of moles in 55 g of an unknown gas, and the volume that it would
occupy at STP.
A) 2.0 mol, 45 L D) 1.5 × 103 mol, 3.4 × 104 L
B) 2.0 mol, 0.089 L E) not enough information
C) 1.5 × 10 mol, 67 L
3

Ans: E

55. Calculate the number of moles in 75.0 g of N2 , and the volume that it would occupy at
50.0°C and 1.50 atm.
A) 2.68 mol, 60.0 L D) 2.10 × 103 mol, 4.71 × 104 L
B) 2.68 mol, 47.4 L E) 5.36 mol, 121 L
C) 2.10 × 103 mol, 93.7 L
Ans: B

56. Calculate the number of moles in 95.0 g of O2 , and the volume that it would occupy at
80.0°C and 3.50 atm.
A) 11.9 mol, 266 L D) 2.97 mol, 24.6 L
B) 5.94 mol, 11.1 L E) 2.97 mol, 5.57 L
C) 5.94 mol, 49.2 L
Ans: D

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57. Calculate the number of moles in 75.0 g of O2 , and the pressure that it would exert at
80.0°C in a 5.00 L steel tank.
A) 4.69 mol, 6.18 atm D) 2.34 mol, 3.09 atm
B) 4.69 mol, 27.2 atm E) 9.38 mol, 27.2 atm
C) 2.34 mol, 13.6 atm
Ans: C

58. Calculate the number of moles in 45.0 g of N2 , and the pressure that it would exert at
20.0°C in a 5.00 L steel tank.
A) 1.61 mol, 0.525 atm D) 3.21 mol, 1.05 atm
B) 1.61 mol, 7.74 atm E) 6.43 mol, 31.0 atm
C) 3.21 mol, 15.48 atm
Ans: B

59. Calculate the number of moles and the mass of Ar gas present in a 3.00 L steel container
if the pressure is 5.75 atm, and the temperature is 22.0°C.
A) 1.00 mol, 40.0 g D) 6.20 × 104 mol, 1.55 × 103 g
B) 0.712 mol, 28.4 g E) 4.59 × 103 mol, 1.84 × 105 g
C) 9.56 mol, 382 g
Ans: B

60. Calculate the number of moles and the mass of He gas present in a 2.00 L steel container
if the pressure is 6.50 atm, and the temperature is 42.0°C.
A) 1.00 mol, 4.00 g D) 4.99 × 104 mol, 1.25 × 104 g
B) 0.503 mol, 2.01 g E) 6.65 × 103 mol, 2.66 × 105 g
C) 3.77 mol, 15.1 g
Ans: B

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61. The figure shows two balloons. They are at the same temperature and pressure, and
contain equal volumes of gas, but one is floating, and the other is not. The reason for this
behavior is that:

A) the balloon tha t is not floating has the molecules more closely spaced than the
other.
B) the balloon that is not floating has a gas with a higher molar mass than that of air.
C) the balloon that is floating has molecules with more kinetic energy.
D) the balloon that is not floating has molecules that have slowed down, since it was
filled before the floating balloon.
E) the balloon that is floating has a more dense gas than the one that is not floating, so
it holds up the balloon better.
Ans: B

62. The figure sho ws two balloons. They are at the same temperature and pressure, and
contain equal volumes of gas, but one is floating, and the other is not. Suggest a possible
composition for the contents of the balloons.

A) The floating balloon contains CO2 , while the other contains SO2 .
B) The floating balloon contains SO2 , while the other contains CO2 .
C) The floating balloon contains Ne, while the other contains CO2 .
D) The floating balloon contains Ar, while the other contains He.
E) None of these answers could be correct.
Ans: C

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63. Equal volumes of methane (CH4 ) and hydrogen (H2 ) gases under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure have equal
A) numbers of molecules. D) numbers of covalent bonds.
B) masses. E) average velocities.
C) numbers of atoms.
Ans: A

64. Calculate the density of NO2 in g/L at STP.

A) not enough information D) 0.04462 g/L
B) 2.053 g/L E) 0.4871 g/L
C) 1.031 × 10 g/L3

Ans: B

65. Calculate the density of CO2 in g/L at STP.

A) not enough information D) 0.02272 g/L
B) 1.964 g/L E) 0.5092 g/L
C) 9.864 × 10 g/L2

Ans: B

66. Calculate the density of Ar in g/L at 20.0°C and 695 torr.

A) not enough information D) 1.52 g/L
B) 1.71 × 10 g/L4
E) 8.86 g/L
C) 1.18 × 103 g/L
Ans: D

67. Calculate the density of Ne in g/L at 22.0°C and 735 torr.

A) not enough information D) 0.806 g/L
B) 8.22 × 10 g/L3
E) 1.24 g/L
C) 6.12 × 10 g/L2

Ans: D

68. Which of the following gases will have a density of 2.104 g/L at 303 K and 1.31 atm?
A) He B) Ne C) Ar D) Kr E) Xe
Ans: C

69. If a 5.00 L container is filled with H2 to a pressure of 975 torr at 23.0°C, calculate the
mass of the hydrogen in the container.
A) 0.263 g B) 0.530 g C) 201 g D) 404 g E) 258 g
Ans: B

70. If a 4.00 L container is filled with N2 to a pressure of 895 torr at 53.0°C, calculate the
mass of the nitrogen in the container.
A) 0.176 g B) 4.93 g C) 134 g D) 5.68 g E) 0.202 g
Ans: B

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71. If a 7.00 L container is filled with O2 to a pressure of 995 torr at 33.0°C, calculate the
mass of the oxygen in the container.
A) 11.7 g B) 0.365 g C) 277 g D) 2.57 × 103 g E) 0.0854 g
Ans: A

72. The total pressure of a mixture of gases

A) is always constant.
B) increases as the temperature is lowered.
C) equals the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
D) equals the difference between the partial pressures of the individual gases.
E) is proportional to the average of the boiling points of the gases.
Ans: C

73. A sample of CO2 is collected over water at 23°C. If the total pressure of the sample is
734 torr, what is the partial pressure of the CO2 ? The vapor pressure of water at 23°C is
21.2 torr.
A) 734 torr D) 34.6 torr
B) 755 torr E) not enough information
C) 713 torr
Ans: C

74. A sample of O2 is collected over water at 21°C. If the total pressure of the sample is 712
torr, what is the partial pressure of the O2 ? The vapor pressure of water at 21°C is 18.6
torr.
A) 712 torr D) 38.3 torr
B) 731 torr E) not enough information
C) 693 torr
Ans: C

75. A sample of N2 is collected over water at 24°C. If the total pressure of the sample is 694
torr, what is the partial pressure of the N2 ? The vapor pressure of water at 24°C is 22.4
torr.
A) 672 torr B) 694 torr C) 0.913 atm D) 716 torr E) 31.0 torr
Ans: A

76. A sample of H2 is collected over water at 22°C. If the total pressure of the sample is 744
torr, what is the partial pressure of the H2 ? The vapor pressure of water at 22°C is 19.8
torr.
A) 37.6 torr B) 0.979 atm C) 764 torr D) 724 torr E) 744 torr
Ans: D

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77. Calculate the molar mass of a gas that has a density of 1.963 g/L at STP.
A) not enough information D) 0.08758 g/mol
B) 19.63 g/mol E) 0.5094 g/mol
C) 44.01 g/mol
Ans: C

78. Calculate the molar mass of a gas that has a density of 1.250 g/L at STP.
A) not enough information D) 0.05577 g/mol
B) 12.50 g/mol E) 0.8000 g/mol
C) 28.02 g/mol
Ans: C

79. Calculate the molar mass of a gas that has a density of 1.428 g/L at STP.
A) not enough information D) 32.01 g/mol
B) 14.28 g/mol E) 0.7002 g/mol
C) 0.4460 g/mol
Ans: D

80. Which characteristic does not describe an ideal gas?

A) negligible volume occupied by ideal gas molecules
B) no attractive forces between ideal gas molecules
C) obeys the equation PV = nRT
D) PV/RT = a constant
E) strong repulsions between molecules
Ans: E

81. Which of the following statements related to kinetic- molecular theory of gases is correct
for an ideal gas?
A) Gases are composed of small particles with a small amount of space between them.
B) Gas particles move in a zigzag pattern until they collide with something.
C) When gas particles collide, they lose some of their kinetic energy, and will slow
down over time.
D) In a mixture of gases, attractive forces between particles cause the measured
pressure to be lower than that expected for a pure gas.
E) The pressure of a gas arises from the sum of the collisions of the particles with the
walls of the container.
Ans: E

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82. Which of the following statements related to kinetic- molecular theory of gases is correct
for an ideal gas?
A) There are no attractive or repulsive forces between and among gas particles.
B) Gas particles move slowly in a chaotic pattern until they collide with something.
C) For a given amount of gas, the smaller the vo lume of the container, the fewer the
collisions that occur with the container walls, since there is less surface area.
D) The density of a gas is somewhat lower than that of a liquid.
E) The more gas particles there are in a container, the more frequently they collide
with one another, so the particles stick together, resulting in a lower pressure.
Ans: A

83. Which of the following statements related to kinetic- molecular theory of gases is correct
for an ideal gas?
A) There is a very small range of measured velocities for the particles in a given gas
sample.
B) When the temperature of a gas sample increases, the velocity of some of the
particles increases, while others slow down, so that the average velocity stays the
same.
C) Larger particles move faster than smaller gas particles because they have more
momentum.
D) The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends only on the absolute
temperature.
E) Larger gas particles strike the walls of the container harder, so a given amount of
argon in a container will have a higher pressure than the same amount of helium
under similar conditions.
Ans: D

84. It can be observed experimentally that the volume of a gas will be decreased by applying
pressure. This observation is best explained by the assumption that
A) the average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature.
B) gas molecules collide without loss of kinetic energy.
C) gas molecules are small compared to the distance between them.
D) gas molecules exert almost no attractive forces on one another.
E) gas molecules become smaller.
Ans: C

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85. A weather balloon filled with helium gas gets larger as it ascends to high altitudes. The
expansion of the balloon is primarily due to
A) a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the helium atoms inside the balloon.
B) an increase in the average kinetic energy of the helium atoms inside the balloon.
C) a decrease in the average kinetic energy of the air molecules outside the balloon.
D) an increase in the rate of collision of the helium atoms against the inside walls of
the balloon.
E) a decrease in the rate of collision of the air molecules on the outside walls of the
balloon.
Ans: E

86. According to kinetic-molecular theory, molecules of different gases at the same

temperature always have the same
A) molar mass. D) volume.
B) pressure. E) number of moles.
C) average kinetic energy.
Ans: C

87. Under which conditions does sulfur trioxide (SO3 ) have the greatest molar volume?
A) high temperature and low pressure
B) low temperature and high pressure
C) high temperature and high pressure
D) low temperature and low pressure
E) The molar volume is always 22.414 L.
Ans: A

88. Rank the following substances in order of increasing average velocity, assuming they are
all at the same temperature: O2 , CO2 , Ar, He
A) O2 < CO2 < Ar < He D) CO2 < O2 < Ar < He
B) CO2 < Ar < O2 < He E) He < O2 < Ar < CO2
C) Ar < O2 < CO2 < He
Ans: B

89. Rank the following substances in order of increasing average velocity, assuming they are
all at the same temperature: N2 , CH4 , Ne, Kr
A) N2 < CH4 < Ne < Kr D) Ne < CH4 < N2 < Kr
B) CH4 < Ne < N2 < Kr E) Ne < Kr < N2 < CH4
C) Kr < N2 < Ne < CH4
Ans: C

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90. Rank the following substances in order of increasing average kinetic energy, assuming
they are all at the same temperature: N2 , CH4 , Ne, Kr
A) N2 < CH4 < Ne < Kr D) Ne < CH4 < N2 < Kr
B) CH4 < Ne < N2 < Kr E) none of these choices is correct
C) Kr < N2 < CH4 < Ne
Ans: E

91. Rank the following substances in order of increasing average kinetic energy, assuming
they are all at the same temperature: N2 , CH4 , Ne, Kr
A) N2 < CH4 < Ne < Kr D) Ne < CH4 < N2 < Kr
B) CH4 < Ne < N2 < Kr E) none of these choices is correct
C) Kr < N2 < CH4 < Ne
Ans: E

92. Under which conditions would the density of helium be the smallest?
A) high pressure and high temperature
B) low pressure and high temperature
C) high pressure and low temperature
D) low pressure and low temperature
E) The density of helium is independent of pressure and temperature.
Ans: B

93. Which gas diffuses more rapidly than the other gases under similar conditions?
A) oxygen, O2 D) fluorine, F2
B) hydrogen, H2 E) sulfur dioxide, SO2
C) nitrogen, N2
Ans: B

94. Which of these gases would leak fastest from a balloon with a small hole?
A) H2 B) Ar C) NH3 D) O2 E) Ne
Ans: A

95. Which of the following gases would have the highest average molecular speed at 25o C?
A) O2 B) N2 C) CO2 D) CH4 E) SO2
Ans: D

96. Propane burns in air according to the equation:

C3 H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO 2 (g) + 4H2 O(g)
What volume of CO2 would be formed if 5.00 L of propane burns, assuming that all of
the gases are under the same conditions?
A) 5.00 L B) 15.0 L C) 3.00 L D) 4.00 L E) not enough information
Ans: B

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97. Propane burns in air according to the equation:

C3 H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO 2 (g) + 4H2 O(g)
What volume of CO2 would be formed if 8.00 L of propane burns, assuming that all of
the gases are under the same conditions?
A) 8.00 L B) 12.0 L C) 24.0 L D) 3.00 L E) not enough information
Ans: C

98. Propane burns in air according to the equation:

C3 H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO 2 (g) + 4H2 O(g)
What volume of O2 would be required if 8.00 L of propane burns, assuming that all of the
gases are under the same conditions?
A) 8.00 L B) 40.0 L C) 20.0 L D) 15.0 L E) not enough information
Ans: B

99. Propane burns in air according to the equation:

C3 H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO 2 (g) + 4H2 O(g)
What volume of O2 would be required if 5.00 L of propane burns, assuming that all of the
gases are under the same conditions?
A) 25.0 L B) 15.0 L C) 5.00 L D) 20.0 L E) not enough information
Ans: A

100. What volume of H2 would be collected at 22.0o C and a pressure of 713 torr if 2.65 g of
zinc react according to the equation:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
A) 0.908 L B) 0.0405 L C) 1.04 L D) 2.08 L E) 0.523 L
Ans: C

101. What volume of H2 would be collected at 21.5o C and a pressure of 695 torr if 5.25 g of
zinc react according to the equation:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
A) 1.06 L B) 4.25 L C) 1.80 L D) 2.12 L E) 5.49 L
Ans: D

102. Oxygen gas can be prepared in the laboratory by heating potassium chlorate, so that it
decomposes according to the equation:
2KClO 3 (s) → 2KCl( s) + 3O2 (g)
What would the pressure of O2 be in a 2.00 L glass container at 23.5o C if 5.75 g of KClO 3
is decomposed?
A) 0.0704 atm B) 0.571 atm C) 0.857 atm D) 0.381 atm E) 0.0651 atm
Ans: C

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103. Oxygen gas can be prepared in the laboratory by heating potassium chlorate, so that it
decomposes according to the equation:
2KClO 3 (s) → 2KCl( s) + 3O2 (g)
What would the pressure of O2 be in a 2.50 L glass container at 22.0o C if 6.50 g of KClO 3
is decomposed?
A) 0.0796 atm B) 1.78 atm C) 6.62 atm D) 0.771 atm E) 0.0575 atm
Ans: D

104. When the pressure on a sample of a gas is increased, the particles move closer together.
Ans: True

105. When the temperature of a gas sample is decreased, the particles move more slowly.
Ans: True

106. When the temperature of a gas sample is increased, the pressure of the gas decreases.
Ans: False

107. The molar volume of argon gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is larger than
the molar volume of helium at STP, since the atoms are larger.
Ans: False

108. When working with gaseous products and reactants at constant temperature and pressure,
it is possible to use volumes to calculate stoichiometric quantities.
Ans: True

109. If equal amounts of helium and argon are placed in a porous balloon, the argon will
escape faster.
Ans: False

110. The reason that you can smell the lighter fluid from your neighbor's barbeque is that
gases diffuse through the air.
Ans: True

111. The ideal gas law is a combination of several other gas laws which deal with fewer
variables.
Ans: True

112. The kinetic- molecular theory of gases explains the behavior of gases.
Ans: True

113. If a balloon is filled with helium at sea level, and then taken into the mountains to an
elevation of 7500 feet, what will happen to the balloon, and why?
Ans: The external pressure on the balloon will decrease as the elevation increases, so
that the pressure inside the balloon will be much greater than the external pressure.
The balloon will expand, and most likely will burst.

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114. If “pure Rocky Mountain spring water” is sealed into a flexible plastic bottle in the
Rockies at an elevation of 7500 feet, leaving some air in the top of the bottle, what will
happen to the bottle when it is transported to sea level?
Ans: The external pressure on the bottle at the lower elevation will be higher than it was
in the mountains, so the bottle will be somewhat compressed.

115. If 60.0 L of nitrogen gas at 22.0o C is compressed to 30.0 L at constant pressure, what is
the new temperature of the gas?
Ans: -126oC

116. A steel tank contains gas at a pressure of 6.50 atm at 30.0o C. At what temperature will
the pressure decrease to 5.00 atm?
Ans: -40.0oC

117. If a steel tank is filled with acetylene to a pressure of 7.50 atm in the morning, when the
temperature is 18.0o C, what will the pressure be in the afternoon, when the temperature
rises to 33.5o C?
Ans: 7.90 atm

118. What volume of N2 at STP can be pumped into a 2.50 L tank at 22.4o C to give a pressure
of 5.50 atm?
Ans: 12.7 L

119. The two balloons shown in the figure ha ve the same volume, and are at the same
temperature and pressure. Which balloon has the greater number of gas particles, and
why?

Ans: Both balloons would have the same number of particles, since they have the same
temperature, pressure, and volume

120. The two balloons shown in question 96 have the same volume, and are at the same
temperature and pressure. Which balloon has the greater mass, and why?
Ans: The balloon with the argon gas would have the greater mass, since it has the same
number of particles, but argon has a greater atomic mass than helium.

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121. The two balloons shown in question 96 have the same volume, and are at the same
temperature and pressure. Which balloon has the greater density, and why?
Ans: Since density equals mass divided by volume, and both balloons have the same
volume, the argon-containing balloon would have the greater density, since it has
greater mass.

122. Assuming that all of the gas in the tank in the figure is used to fill balloons with an
average volume of 2.0 L of helium, approximately how many balloons could be filled at
STP?

Ans: About 1200 balloons

123. The pressure of a gas increases with increasing temperature if the volume is held
constant. Explain the reason for this behavior in molecular terms.
Ans: As the temperature increases, so does the kinetic energy of the molecules. When
they collide with each other and the walls of their container, they do so with more
energy, so they “push” harder on the container walls.

124. Propane burns in air according to the equation:

C3 H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO 2 (g) + 4H2 O(g)
What volume of O2 would be required if 15.0 L of propane burns, assuming that all of the
gases are under the same conditions?
Ans: 75.0 L

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