SHIP STABILITY DIAGRAM

SHIP STABILITY DIAGRAM

SHIP STABILITY DIAGRAM
SHIP STABILITY
DIAGRAM
 SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS
1. The center of gravity of a body ‘G’ is the point through
which the force of gravity is considered to act
vertically downwards with a force equal to the weight
of the body. KG is VCG of the ship.
2. The center of buoyancy ‘B’ is the point through which
the force of buoyancy is considered to act vertically
upwards with a force equal to the weight of water
displaced. It is the center of gravity of the underwater
volume. KB is VCB of the ship.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
3. To float at rest in still water, a vessel must displace her
own weight of water, and the center of gravity must
be in the same vertical line as the center of
buoyancy.

4. KM = KB + BM. Also KM - KG = GM
 TRANSVERSE
SECTION OF SHIP
STABILITY
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
5. Transverse Statical Stability - is the term used to
describe the ability of a ship to return to the upright,
when it has been forcibly heeled by an external force
and is momentarily at rest when floating in still water.
Note: Also known as study of Stability in Rolling Motion
6. Heel. A ship is said to be heeled when she is inclined
by an external force.
For example, when the ship is inclined by the action of
the waves or wind.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
7. List. A ship is said to be listed when she is inclined by
forces within the ship.
For example, when the ship is inclined by shifting a
weight transversely within the ship.
Note: This is a fixed angle of heel.

8. The verticals through the centers of buoyancy at two

consecutive angles of heel intersect at a point called
the metacenter (M)
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
9. Equilibrium - a state of rest or balance due to the
equal action of opposing forces.

• Stable Equilibrium - A ship is said to be in stable

equilibrium if, when inclined, she tends to return to the
initial position. For this to occur, the center of gravity
(G) must be below the metacenter (M) or has a
positive GM, as shown in figure above.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
• Unstable equilibrium - When a ship which is inclined to
a small angle tends to heel over still further, she is said
to be in unstable equilibrium. For this to occur the ship
must have a negative GM or the G is above M. A ship
having a very small negative initial metacentric height
GM need not necessarily capsize. This situation
produces an angle of loll.
• Angle of loll is the state of a ship that is unstable when
upright (has a negative metacentric height) and
therefore takes on an angle of heel to either port or
starboard.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
• Neutral equilibrium -When G coincides with M, the
ship is said to be in neutral equilibrium, and if inclined
to a small angle she will tend to remain at that angle
of heel until another external force is applied. The ship
has zero GM and KG = KM
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
10. The Metacentric Height (GM) - is a measurement of
the initial static stability of a floating body.
• It is calculated as the distance between the center of
gravity of a ship and its metacenter.
• A larger metacentric height (GM) implies greater
initial stability against overturning.
• The metacentric height also influences the natural
period of rolling of a hull.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
• The metacentric height also influences the natural
period of rolling of a hull.
 with very large metacentric heights being associated
with shorter periods of roll (as low as 8 seconds), the
ship is said to be stiff.
 with very small metacentric heights being associated
with longer periods of roll (25-35 seconds), the ship is
said to be tender.
both tender & stiff ship is not desirable, the aim must be
in between with a rolling period of 15-25 seconds.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
• SOLAS Regulation recommends a minimum GM of not
less than 0.15m.
11. The Moment of Statical Stability may be defined as
the moment to return the ship to the initial position
when inclined by an external force. (tons-meter)
 The perpendicular distance between the lines of
action of the forces “GZ” is called the righting lever.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
12. Small Angle of heel
 At small angles of heel (up to 10 - 15°) the force of
buoyancy may be considered to act vertically
upwards through a point called the initial metacenter
(M)
Moment Of Statical Stability = W x GZ
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
MOSS = W x GZ ;
But in triangle GZM:
GZ = GM sin θ
Therefore;
MOSS = W x GM x sin θ
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
13. Large Angle of heel
 At a large angle of heel the force of buoyancy can no
longer be considered to act vertically upwards
through the initial metacenter (M), where the ship is
heeled to an angle of more than 15 degrees.
SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
 The center of buoyancy has moved further out to the
low side, and the vertical through B1 no longer passes
through (M), the initial metacenter. The righting lever
(GZ) is once again the perpendicular distance
between the vertical through G and the vertical
through B1, and the moment of statical stability is
equal to W x GZ.
 SUMMARIZING THE MAIN POINTS. . .
 But GZ is no longer equal to
GM sin θ. Up to the angle at
which the deck edge is
immersed, it may be found by
using a formula known as the
Wallsided formula;
GZ = (GM + ½ BM tanθ² ) sin θ
PROBLEM SOLVING#1
A ship of 4000 tons displacement has KG 5.5 m and KM
6.0 m. Calculate the moment of statical stability when
heeled 5 degrees.
Solution:
MOSS = W x GZ
MOSS = W x GM x Sin θ
GZ = GM x Sin θ = 4000 x 0.5 x Sin 5º
W = 4000 tons = 174.3 tons-meter
GM = KM – KG = 0.5 m
Sin θ = Sin 5º (heel angle)
 PROBLEM SOLVING#2
A ship of 6000 tons displacement has KB 3 m, KM 6 m and
KG 5.5 m. Find the moment of statical stability at 25
degrees heel.
Solution:
MOSS = W x GZ Sin θ = Sin 25º (heel angle)
GZ = (GM+ ½ BM tan ² θ) Sin θ BM = KM-KB = 3 m
W = 6000 tons
GM = KM – KG = 0.5 m
Tan θ = Tan 25º (heel angle)
 PROBLEM SOLVING. . .
Solution:
GZ = ( 0.5 + ½ x 3 x tan ² 25º ) sin 25º
= 0.35 m
MOSS = 6000 x 0.35
= 2100 tons-meter