Understanding Human Sexuality 12th Edition Hyde Test Bank

Chapter 11 - Attraction, Love, and Communication
Chapter 11
Attraction, Love, and Communication
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 273) The lyric, "The more I see you, the more I want you," has been substantiated in
several research studies as an empirical finding. Which of the following concepts best
summarizes the meaning of this lyric in relation to attraction and/or love?
A. The bystander effect
B. Playing hard-to-get
C. Jealousy
D. The mere-exposure effect
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
2. (p. 273) According to the mere-exposure effect, you would most likely be attracted to a
person:
A. you see only on school vacations.
B. who lives across the hall from you.
C. who lives in a city you visit monthly for office meetings.
D. you see once in a few years or so.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
3. (p. 273) The mere-exposure effect refers to the tendency of people to:
A. be attracted to others of the same gender.
B. be attracted to the boy or girl next door.
C. look more frequently at people we dislike.
D. dislike those they see often in our daily lives.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-1
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4. (p. 273) Brian is more likely to be attracted to Helen, who lives across the hall from him, than
Sharon, who is a co-worker he sees once or twice a year at office parties. This phenomenon is
known as the _____.
A. mere-exposure effect
B. bystander effect
C. social desirability effect
D. matching phenomenon
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
5. (p. 273) Sarah sees her childhood friend, Brett, only during holidays once or twice a year. She
sees her colleague, Ashton, almost every day as they commute to work together. Although
Brett and Ashton are quite similar in terms of temperament and likes and dislikes, Sarah likes
Ashton more than Brett. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?
A. Matching phenomenon
B. Cross-race effect
C. Misattribution of arousal
D. Mere-exposure effect
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
6. (p. 273) Homophily is the tendency of people to:

A. like people whom they see frequently.
B. be attracted to people of the same gender.
C. have contact with people who are equal in social status.
D. be afraid of interacting with people who come from similar backgrounds.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-2
7. (p. 273) Which of the following variables is associated with the greatest level of homophily?
A. Education
B. Age
C. Sexual orientation
D. Race
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
8. (p. 273) When we examine romantic relationships in which the individuals are similar
(homophilous), which of the following social factors has the least homophily?
A. Religion
B. Age
C. Race/ethnicity
D. Education
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
9. (p. 273) Which of the following does NOT increase attraction toward someone?
A. Having infrequent contact with that person
B. Sharing similar attitudes with that person
C. Finding the person physically attractive
D. Coming from the same social-cultural background
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-3
10. (p. 273) Karen is a white, upper-middle class lawyer. She is more likely to have contact with
others who are also from the middle and upper-middle class. This phenomenon is known as
_____.
A. the matching phenomenon
B. the mere-exposure effect
C. xenocentrism
D. homophily
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11. (p. 273) As an upper class businessman, Todd has more contact with other businesspeople,
lawyers, and doctors than with janitors, bartenders, or plumbers. This feature of his social
contacts can be explained by the concept of _____.
A. ingroup homogeneity
B. homophily
C. the contrast effect
D. the mere-exposure effect
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
12. (p. 273-274) Similarity on social characteristics is referred to as homophily. That is, we like
individuals who are similar to us because:
A. the old adage, "birds of a feather flock together", is actually an accurate saying.
B. we are least likely to get positive reinforcement from those similar to ourselves.
C. most of us do not have the social skills required to mingle with those who are different.
D. it is more socially acceptable to restrict our social interactions with those who are similar
to us.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-4
13. (p. 274) The relationship between one's degree of attractiveness and one's dating history can
best be summarized by stating that:
A. contrary to expectations, physically attractive women have fewer dates than unattractive
women.
B. more attractive people, in general, have more dates than unattractive people.
C. the physical attractiveness of men has no relationship to their dating history.
D. moderately attractive women have more dates than either attractive or unattractive women.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
14. (p. 274) Several studies have demonstrated that people express greater liking for more
attractive individuals than for less attractive ones. This phenomenon:
A. is found in people as young as 3 years of age.
B. is not visible until middle school.
C. is nearly absent by the time individuals reach adulthood.
D. is limited to laboratory studies.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
15. (p. 274) Hyde and DeLamater discuss a research project in which snapshots were taken of
college men and women. Their degree of attractiveness was then judged along with their
dating history. As a rule, the largest number of dates occurred among:
A. the most attractive men and women.
B. the least attractive men and women.
C. the moderately attractive men and women.
D. the least attractive men.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-5
16. (p. 275) Physical attractiveness is most important to:

A. females evaluating females.
B. females evaluating males.
C. males evaluating females.
D. males evaluating males.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
17. (p. 275) Terry is a politically liberal, attractive African-American man with a successful
psychiatry practice. He regularly visits the gym where he meets many women. According to
the matching phenomenon, to which of the following women would Terry be most attracted?
A. Aisha, an 18-year-old second generation Indian immigrant, who is studying architecture at
a prestigious college.
B. Maria, a Hispanic social worker.
C. Jasmine, a liberal African-American woman, who is the first female attorney to be made a
partner in the firm where she works.
D. Kathy, a white political activist.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
18. (p. 275) Terry, an attractive 25-year-old, is interested in dating Brad who is a successful
lawyer. Terry is hardly interested in Bill who is a plumber. However, Jill—a less attractive
24-year-old waitress—thinks that Bill would be an acceptable date. Which of the following
explains the women's preferences?
A. Matching phenomenon
B. Contrast effect
C. Misattribution of arousal
D. Mere-exposure effect
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11-6
19. (p. 275) According to the study reported by the authors of your text, which of the following
correctly states the relationship between men's occupational status and the degree to which
women consider them desirable for a date?
A. Men with the least education were at least moderately acceptable to attractive women.
B. The most acceptable men had the highest occupational status.
C. The least acceptable men had high occupational status.
D. Acceptability as a date was unrelated to educational level or occupational status.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
20. (p. 275) In the "interpersonal marketplace" of men and women, there is a tendency for:
A. successful women to be paired with attractive men.
B. successful women to be paired with younger men.
C. unattractive men to be paired with wealthy women.
D. attractive women to be paired with wealthy men.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
21. (p. 275) Which of the following statements represents a principle that presently operates in
the interpersonal marketplace of love and attraction?
A. The worth of persons is based primarily on their depth of character and not their looks.
B. Women's worth is based on physical beauty, whereas men's worth is based on economic
success.
C. The most attractive males usually end up with high-status occupations but are paired with
unattractive females.
D. The least attractive males usually end up with low-status occupations and are paired with
the less attractive females.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-7
22. (p. 275) Research has showed that men in middle-status occupations were considered to be
moderately acceptable dates by unattractive women. Which of the following best explains this
phenomenon?
A. Attractive women were not desirable to men with middle-status occupations.
B. Unattractive women felt there was a balance between their physical appearance and the
middle-status jobs held by the men.
C. Men with middle-status jobs could aspire to and attain high-status jobs leading to greater
value in the interpersonal marketplace.
D. Highly successful women preferred dating men with middle-status occupations because
they were more loyal and committed than men with high-status jobs.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
23. (p. 275) Women, who are highly attractive, are most likely to judge potential partners by the
criterion of:
A. sharing a similar socio-cultural background.
B. possessing good looks and physical stature.
C. working in high-status occupations.
D. hailing from the same economic strata of society.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
24. (p. 276) Technology has provided us with a new way to meet potential partners online using
the Internet. One of the real advantages of the Internet in developing a long-term intimate
relationship is that:
A. it provides people with the option to remain anonymous.
B. it allows people to say whatever they want to each other.
C. it forces people to focus on each other's interests and values.
D. it highlights a person's degree of physical attractiveness.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-8
25. (p. 277) "Our attraction toward another person is proportionate to the number of
reinforcements that person gives us relative to the total number of reinforcements plus
punishments the person gives us." This statement describes:
A. Byrne's law of attraction.
B. Sternberg's theory of love.
C. the attachment theory of love.
D. the two-component theory of love.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
26. (p. 277-278) In a dating experiment conducted by Byrne and his colleagues, it was
demonstrated that interpersonal attraction was greatest toward:
A. physically unattractive others with dissimilar attitudes.
B. physically unattractive others with similar attitudes.
C. physically attractive others with dissimilar attitudes.
D. physically attractive others with similar attitudes.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
27. (p. 277-278) According to the reinforcement theory, we are attracted to people who are similar
to ourselves in social characteristics because:
A. they are more likely to be nice to us and the interaction with them is rewarding.
B. they are quite likely to hold different individual values, even though they are like us.
C. it is more socially acceptable to partner with individuals who have similar values.
D. similar people are less likely to give each other positive reinforcement.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-9
28. (p. 278) Which of the following statements is correct regarding sexual behavior from the
sociobiological perspective?
A. Men and women face similar problems in their efforts to reproduce.
B. Men rarely need to identify reproductively valuable women.
C. A physically attractive person is the least likely to be a "better" partner.
D. Younger women are more likely to be fertile, thus "better" partners.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
29. (p. 278) Which of the following is said to reflect developmental instability?
A. Physical fitness
B. Visible symmetry
C. Fluctuating asymmetry
D. Body mass index
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
30. (p. 278) Which of the following is true about visible asymmetry?
A. It is a normal variation in facial development seen in a sizeable proportion of the
population.
B. It is a reflection of high facial attractiveness in women.
C. It is a sign that the bilateral features of the face have developed normatively.
D. It is a reflection of the links that exist between attractiveness, fertility, and normal growth.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-10
31. (p. 278) The features of Mark's face on one side of his nose are not symmetrical to the
features on the other side of his nose. According to sociobiologists, this reflects a _____.
A. high degree of facial attractiveness
B. potential development instability
C. fluctuating symmetry
D. high degree of perceived similarity between the bilateral features
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
32. (p. 278) Toby is a 30-year-old lawyer interested in heterosexual relationships. According to
the sociobiological perspective, who among the following people would Toby find most
attractive?
A. Geena, an unattractive but wealthy 40-year-old woman
B. Natasha, an attractive 22-year-old woman who is quite poor
C. Jackie, an attractive and wealthy 45-year-old woman
D. Roger, an attractive freelance poet who is 25 years old
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
33. (p. 278-279) According to sociobiology, women essentially want mates who are:
A. able and willing to invest their resources in them and their children.
B. as young as they are, so that they do not outlive them for too long.
C. older and possess a higher level of sexual experience.
D. physically attractive even if they have low income and social status.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-11
34. (p. 279) In order for a relationship to be intimate:

A. it must have a long-term commitment.
B. it must have positive affective, cognitive, and physical closeness.
C. it must be sexual.
D. it does not necessarily have to include self-disclosure.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
35. (p. 279) Which of the following is true about intimacy?

A. It must have a physical dimension that is sexual.
B. It must be reciprocal but need not be equal.
C. It must essentially involve an equal sense of closeness between partners.
D. It must free partners from the pressure of engaging in self-disclosure.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
36. (p. 280) Which of the following is true about intimacy?

A. The term is applicable to individuals but not to relationships.
B. Intimacy need not be reciprocal in nature.
C. Intimacy and mutual self-disclosure build on one another.
D. Intimacy and trust are mutually exclusive.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
37. (p. 280) In order to maintain intimacy, the correct response by a partner to self-disclosure is:
A. nonresponse.
B. acceptance.
C. criticism.
D. neutral acknowledgement.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-12
38. (p. 280) You are a psychologist who is going to measure intimacy in a relationship. Which of
the following statements would be an indicator of high intimacy in a relationship?
A. "My partner does not listen to me when I need to talk to someone."
B. "I quite often confide very personal information to my partner."
C. "I only feel close to my partner sometimes."
D. "My relationship with my partner is not that important because I have many good friends."
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
39. (p. 281) Sternberg, in his triangular theory of love, defines or places emotion under the
component of:
A. commitment.
B. passion.
C. decision.
D. intimacy.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
40. (p. 282) Expressing empathy is a demonstration of the _____ component of Sternberg's
triangular theory.
A. commitment
B. intimacy
C. passion
D. decision
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-13
41. (p. 281) According to Sternberg, which of the following components of love includes our
feelings of closeness or bondedness to the other person?
A. Infatuation
B. Commitment
C. Passsion
D. Intimacy
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
42. (p. 281) Shelby and Rita are best friends who share a very close bond. They lean on each
other during hard times and depend on each other for emotional support. According to
Sternberg's triangular theory of love, this reflects the component of _____.
A. decision
B. commitment
C. intimacy
D. passion
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
43. (p. 282) After dating her for six months, Harry knows that he is in love with Trisha.
According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, this awareness reflects the component of
_____.
A. decision
B. empathy
C. intimacy
D. passion
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11-14
44. (p. 282) After dating for two years, Richard proposes marriage to Cara. This reflects the
_____ component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love.
A. infatuation
B. commitment
C. intimacy
D. passion
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
45. (p. 282) According to the triangular theory of love, actions, such as communication of
personal feelings and information, are an expression of _____.
A. decision
B. commitment
C. passion
D. intimacy
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
46. (p. 282) According to the triangular theory of love, which of the following actions would be
an expression of commitment?
A. Declaring one's feelings to the partner
B. Making love
C. Providing emotional support
D. Disclosing personal information
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11-15
47. (p. 282) According to the triangular theory of love, which of the following actions would be
an expression of passion?
A. Negotiating
B. Fighting
C. Kissing
D. Empathizing
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
48. (p. 282) According to the triangular theory of love, sticking with a relationship through times
when it isn't particularly convenient is an expression of _____.
A. infatuation
B. commitment
C. intimacy
D. passion
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
49. (p. 282) In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the component that makes the relationship
last is:
A. intimacy.
B. commitment.
C. passion.
D. sex.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-16
50. (p. 282) In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the component that differentiates romantic
love from other kinds of love is:
A. intimacy.
B. passion.
C. decision or commitment.
D. attachment.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
51. (p. 282) In Sternberg's theory, _____ is the motivational component of love.
A. passion
B. intimacy
C. commitment
D. empathy
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
52. (p. 282) In Sternberg's theory, _____ is the cognitive component of love.
A. decision/commitment
B. intimacy
C. passion
D. attraction
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
53. (p. 282) According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ is the component of love
that decreases, while the other two increase over the length of the relationship.
A. intimacy
B. passion
C. decision/commitment
D. self-disclosure
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-17
54. (p. 282) Making love is a demonstration of the _____ component of Sternberg's triangular
theory.
A. commitment
B. intimacy
C. passion
D. decision
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
55. (p. 282) Sternberg has found that the best predictor of satisfaction with a relationship is:
A. the match between partners' levels of passion.
B. the match between the partners on all of the components of love.
C. the match between the number of reinforcements and punishments the person gives us.
D. the match between partners' intimacy relative to the match between partners' commitment.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
56. (p. 283) According to the attachment theory of love, _____ lovers are people who find it easy
to get close to others and are comfortable having others feel close to them.
A. secure
B. avoidant
C. approach
D. anxious-ambivalent
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-18
57. (p. 283) According to the attachment theory of love, _____ lovers are people who are
uncomfortable feeling close to another person and having that person feel close to them.
A. secure
B. fearful or avoidant
C. passive-aggressive
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
58. (p. 283) Anna has trouble trusting her boyfriend David. While David wants to engage in
intimate conversations, Anna feels uncomfortable with this closeness. She also maintains an
emotional distance from most people in her life. Which of the following attachment styles is
Anna most likely to have?
A. Secure
B. Anxious-ambivalent
C. Preoccupied
D. Fearful or avoidant
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
59. (p. 283) According to the attachment theory of love, _____ lovers are people who
desperately want to get close to a partner but find that the partner does not reciprocate the
feeling.
A. secure
B. fearful and avoidant
C. approach
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-19
60. (p. 283) Barry and Irene have been dating for six months. Barry is possessive and insecure
about Irene's feelings toward him. He adores her and desperately wants the relationship to last.
According to the attachment theory of love, what type of lover is Barry?
A. Secure
B. Avoidant
C. Obsessive-compulsive
D. Anxious-ambivalent
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
61. (p. 283) In the terminology of the attachment theory of love, most adults are:
A. secure lovers.
B. insecure lovers.
C. avoidant lovers.
D. anxious-ambivalent lovers.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
62. (p. 284) Which of the following would be the best predictor of adult attachment styles?
A. Separation from a parent during childhood by death.
B. Separation from a parent during childhood by divorce.
C. One's perception of the quality of the relationship with parents.
D. One's experience in relationships during the period of adolescence.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
63. (p. 285) If love is a story, as some researchers suggest, then when we fall in love, we:
A. fall in love with someone with whom we can create a relationship that fits our love story.
B. realize that stories have little to do with how the relationship will ultimately develop.
C. create our own individual love story not patterned on the love stories in our culture.
D. usually follow the only true love story which we have assimilated from our culture.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-20
64. (p. 285) Sternberg has identified several categories of love stories found in U.S. culture. The
love story that is associated with high satisfaction in the love relationship is the _____ story.
A. war
B. garden
C. business
D. horror
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
65. (p. 285) _____ love is defined as a feeling of deep attachment and commitment to a person
with whom one has an intimate relationship.
A. Romantic
B. Companionate
C. Passionate
D. Platonic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Medium
66. (p. 285) _____ love is often the first stage of a romantic relationship.
A. Romantic
B. Companionate
C. Passionate
D. Platonic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-21
67. (p. 285) _____ love is a state of intense longing for union with the other person and of
intense physiological arousal.
A. Companionate
B. Platonic
C. Passionate
D. Empathetic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
68. (p. 285) What happens to a romantic relationship if it lasts over time?
A. There is a shift, as the relationship progresses, from passionate to companionate love.
B. The passionate component of love becomes very important in long-term relationships.
C. Companionate love keeps the relationship together early on and then passionate love takes
over.
D. Companionate love is present at the beginning of the relationship but slowly diminishes
over time.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
69. (p. 286) Jealousy appears to be a common emotion for all of us. We are most likely to exhibit
jealous behavior and emotions when:
A. another person is deeply in love with us, but we do not reciprocate those feelings.
B. the person who is in love with us demands that we should not be going out with other
people.
C. the person whom we love does not love us in return, and tells us so.
D. the person we love gives the attention or time we deserve to someone else.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-22
70. (p. 287) According to White and Mullen, we go through several stages of jealousy. The first
of these stages is:
A. cognitive appraisal.
B. an emotional reaction.
C. a "jealous flash."
D. a reappraisal of the situation.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
71. (p. 287) When appraising jealous feelings, a constructive way to cope with them is to:
A. maintain an emotional distance from the partner.
B. attribute the feelings to the rival.
C. discontinue the relationship until the feelings have been addressed.
D. communicate effectively with the partner.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
72. (p. 287) Our attachment style influences the way we react to a situation where we feel
jealous. The attachment style of the person who reacts with anger toward the third person is:
A. secure.
B. anxious-ambivalent.
C. avoidant.
D. aggressive-paranoid.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
73. (p. 288) Which of the following chemicals is related to interpersonal trust?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Estrogen
D. Serotonin
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-23
74. (p. 288) Which of the following hormones is produced at orgasm?

A. Leptin
B. Inhibin
C. Estrogen
D. Oxytocin
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
75. (p. 288) Which of the following chemicals is associated with euphoria and craving?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Estrogen
D. Dopamine
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
76. (p. 289) In a study on passionate love, researchers defined passionate love as physiological
arousal caused by thoughts of or contact with the person they love. This is an example of a(n)
_____ in research.
A. research plan
B. experiment
C. attribution error
D. operational definition
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-24
77. (p. 290) After playing a vigorous game of basketball, Ed experienced an increased heart rate
and sweating from playing and found himself more attracted to women than Tyrone who did
not play the game. What phenomenon can best explain the fact that Ed was more attracted to
women than Tyrone?
A. Ed's sex drive is higher than Tyrone's
B. Ed's misattribution of arousal
C. Ed's heterosexual orientation
D. Ed's insecure attachment style
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
78. (p. 290) Assume that a heterosexual male is in a state of physiological arousal because his
libido happens to be high at that particular time of the day. Further assume that this male
encounters an elderly woman while in this state of arousal. Given the cultural context of the
United States, what can you predict about this male's response?
A. He would be attracted to her, and this attraction would then generalize to other elderly
women.
B. He probably would not be attracted to her because she would not be considered an
appropriate love object.
C. He would be more attracted to her if he were not aroused.
D. He would be attracted to her, but would suppress these emotions as they are socially
unacceptable.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
79. (p. 291) According to cross-cultural psychologists, on which of the following dimensions do
cultures vary?
A. Individualism and collectivism
B. Commitment and intensity
C. Morality and independence
D. Individualism and morality
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-25
80. (p. 291) The type of culture where two people, who have agreed to marry, describe their love
for one another as companionate, or as a friendship with a great deal of respect for the other is
most likely to be characterized by _____.
A. collectivism
B. individualism
C. immorality
D. communism
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
81. (p. 291) It appears that cultures can be characterized as being individualistic to collectivistic
in goals and values and this distinction affects the kind of love that exists between individuals.
The kind of love that is most often associated with individuals in a collectivistic society is:
A. love in an arranged marriage between people of similar social status.
B. passionate love between individuals who do not marry.
C. love that is high on components of intimacy and passion but low on the component of
commitment.
D. misattributed love based on physiological arousal states.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
82. (p. 292) In which of the following societies would individuals most likely be willing to
marry someone whom they do not love?
A. Australia
B. United States
C. Mexico
D. India
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-26
83. (p. 292) A person from which of the following countries would most likely NOT value love
as a prerequisite for marriage?
A. China
B. United States
C. Australia
D. England
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
84. (p. 293) Which of the following are the four destructive patterns of interaction, as identified
by Gottman?
A. Disparagement, disapproval, defensiveness, and withdrawal
B. Condescension, contempt, disrespect, and defensiveness
C. Criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and withdrawal
D. Aggressiveness, submissiveness, defensiveness, and derision
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
85. (p. 293) "You're so lazy; you don't even care to look after your own appearance!" This
statement is an example of which of the following destructive patterns of interaction as
identified by Gottman?
A. Aggressiveness
B. Withdrawal
C. Defensiveness
D. Criticism
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11-27
86. (p. 293) Kim and Joe get into a heated argument. Joe reacts by storming out of the room and
slamming the door behind him. This situation is an example of which of the following
destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman?
A. Aggressiveness
B. Withdrawal
C. Defensiveness
D. Contempt
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
87. (p. 293) "You think I'm being selfish? When was the last time you did something nice for
me?" This statement is an example of which of the following destructive patterns of
interaction as identified by Gottman?
A. Aggressiveness
B. Contempt
C. Defensiveness
D. Criticism
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
88. (p. 293) "You moron! Can't you do anything right?" This statement is an example of which
of the following destructive patterns of interaction as identified by Gottman?
A. Aggressiveness
B. Contempt
C. Defensiveness
D. Withdrawal
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11-28
89. (p. 293) In communication, _____ is what the speaker means.

A. effect
B. impact
C. intent
D. idea
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
90. (p. 293) In communication, _____ is what the listener thinks the speaker means.
A. effect
B. impact
C. intent
D. idea
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
91. (p. 294) "I know you think that I don't care much about sex, but I really wish I had more
orgasms." This statement is an example of:
A. checking out.
B. "I" language.
C. documenting.
D. mind reading.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
92. (p. 294) "The last time we made love, I enjoyed it and felt very aroused, but then I didn't
have an orgasm and I felt disappointed." This statement is an example of:
A. defensiveness.
B. criticism.
C. documenting.
D. mind reading.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-29
93. (p. 296) "I need to talk you about something important. Can we discuss it now or would you
rather wait until evening?" Which of the following aspects of good messages does this
statement highlight?
A. Limited choices
B. Documenting
C. Editing
D. Paraphrasing
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
94. (p. 296) Which of the following statements is NOT true about leveling?
A. It requires clear and uncensored communication of all the hard feelings one has for their
partner.
B. It essentially involves not saying anything that would deliberately hurt your partner.
C. It means stating your thoughts clearly, simply, and honestly.
D. It entails a "no holds barred" approach.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
95. (p. 296) Nina loves her boyfriend Fred but is unsatisfied with their sex life because of her
partner's lack of experience. She thinks to herself, "Fred is a terrible lover." When she
broaches the topic with Fred, she tells him this straight to his face. Fred gets upset and leaves.
In this situation:
A. Nina withdrew from Fred because she wasn't happy with him.
B. Nina grew defensive when Fred expressed his contempt toward her.
C. Nina failed to communicate the problem clearly to Fred.
D. Nina leveled too much and failed to edit while communicating to Fred.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11-30
96. (p. 296-297) _____ involves saying, in your own words, what you thought your partner
meant.
A. "I" language
B. Drawing out
C. Mind reading
D. Paraphrasing
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
97. (p. 298) "I understand your apprehension about having oral sex, especially since you've
never done it before." This statement is an example of which of the following techniques of
good communication?
A. Mind reading
B. Documenting
C. Validation
D. Editing
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
98. (p. 298) Steve says to his girlfriend, "I noticed you didn't seem particularly excited last night,
when I suggested that we go away together for the weekend. Am I right?" This is Steve's
attempt:
A. at paraphrasing his partner's messages.
B. at defensively communicating with his partner.
C. at validating his partner's feelings.
D. at drawing his partner out.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
11-31
99. (p. 298) Which of the following is a finding in Gottman's research on communication in
marriages?
A. In unstable marriages, positive interactions outnumbered the negative interactions.
B. In stable marriages, there were no negative interactions.
C. In stable marriages, there is much more positive interaction than negative interaction.
D. In stable marriages, there is equal number of positive and negative interactions.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
100. (p. 299) _____ refers to a set of rules designed to make arguments constructive rather than
destructive.
A. Fighting fair
B. Conflict rules
C. A level playing field
D. Fair play
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-32
Short Answer Questions
101. (p. 273) Explain what is meant by the statement that we fall in love with someone who is
similar to ourselves—the process of social homophily.
Homophily is the tendency to have contact with people equal in social status. According to
the concept of homophily, we are attracted to people who are approximately the same as we
are in age, race or ethnicity, and economic and social status. The greatest homophily is by
race, followed by education and age. Couples are least likely to share the same religion. We
are attracted to people who are similar to us for numerous reasons. We get positive
reinforcement from that person agreeing with us. The other person's agreement bolsters our
sense of rightness and we anticipate positive interactions with that person.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
102. (p. 275) How does the interpersonal marketplace work in terms of physical attraction and
resources?
In the interpersonal marketplace, whom we are attracted to and pair off with depends a lot on
how much we think we have to offer and how much we think we can "buy" with it. Generally,
the principle seems to be that women's worth is based on their physical beauty, whereas men's
worth is based on their success. There is a tendency, then, for beautiful women to be paired
with wealthy, successful men. But how desirable a man is judged to be depends on the
woman's sense of her own worth. Attractive women are not much interested in men in
middle-status occupations because they apparently think of themselves as being "worth
more." Unattractive women find middle-status men more attractive, presumably because they
think such men are reasonably within their "price range."
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-33
103. (p. 281-282) Briefly define Sternberg's three components of love.
Sternberg's three components of love are:
Intimacy: This is the emotional component of love. It includes our feelings of closeness or
bondedness to the other person. It usually involves a sense of mutual understanding with the
loved one; a sense of having the loved one hear and accept what is shared; and giving and
receiving emotional support to and from the loved one.
Passion: This is the motivational component of love. It includes physical attraction and the
drive for sexual expression. Passion is the component that differentiates romantic love from
other kinds of love. It is the component that is faster to arouse, but in the course of a
long-term relationship it is also the component that fades most quickly.
Decision or commitment: This is the cognitive component which has two aspects. The
short-term aspect is the decision that one loves the other person. The long-term aspect is the
commitment to maintain that relationship. Commitment is what makes relationships last.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
104. (p. 283) Describe the three attachment styles that adults display in their relationships.
Secure lovers are people who find it easy to get close to others and are comfortable having
others feel close to them. Mutual dependency in a relationship (depending on the partner and
having the partner depend on you) feels right to them. Secure lovers do not fear abandonment.
In contrast, fearful or avoidant lovers are uncomfortable feeling close to another person or
having that person feel close to them. It is difficult for them to trust or depend on a partner.
The third style is the preoccupied or anxious-ambivalent style wherein people want
desperately to get close to a partner but often find the partner does not reciprocate the feeling,
perhaps because anxious-ambivalent lovers scare away others. They are insecure in the
relationship, worrying that the partner does not really love them.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-34
105. (p. 284-285) Discuss how falling in love can be considered a love story with the help of an
example.
When we think of love, our thoughts often turn to the great love stories: Romeo and Juliet,
Cinderella and the Prince, etc. According to Sternberg, these stories shape our beliefs about
love and relationships, and our beliefs in turn influence our behavior. To make sense out of
what happens in our relationships, we rely on our love stories. According to this view, falling
in love occurs when you meet someone with whom you can create a relationship that fits your
love story. Further, we are satisfied with relationships in which we and our partner match the
characters in our story.
An example of a love story is the war story. Each partner views love as war, and a good
relationship involves constant fighting. The two central characters are warriors, doing battle,
fighting for what they believe. The plot consists of arguments, fights, and threats to leave—in
other words, battles. The theme is that love is war. One may win or lose particular battles, but
the war continues.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
106. (p. 285) Define passionate love and companionate love. Explain how these two concepts are
related.
Passionate love is a state of intense state of longing for union with the other person and of
intense physiological arousal. By contrast, companionate love is a feeling of deep attachment
and commitment to a person with whom one has an intimate relationship. Passionate love is
often the first stage of a romantic relationship, but as the relationship progresses, a gradual
shift to companionate love takes place. Thus, passionate love in time develops into
companionate love.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-35
107. (p. 287) Relate what we know about attachment styles to the problem of jealousy in a
relationship.
Research suggests that a person's attachment style may be an important influence on how that
person responds to jealousy. Undergraduates were asked how they had reacted in the past to
jealousy. Those with a secure attachment style reported that they had expressed their anger to
the partner and maintained the relationship. Those with an anxious style reported the most
intense anger, but they were most likely to say they did not express their anger. People with
an avoidant style were more likely to direct their anger toward the third person.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
108. (p. 289) Briefly explain the two component theory of love.
Social psychologists Ellen Berscheid and Elaine propose a two-component theory of love.
According to their theory, passionate love occurs when two conditions exist simultaneously:
(1) the person is in a state of intense physiological arousal, and (2) the situation is such that
the person applies a particular label—"love"—to the sensations being experienced. Their
theory is derived from an important theory developed by Stanley Schachter (1964). According
to Schachter's (1964) two-component theory of emotion, an emotion consists of a
physiological arousal state plus the label the person assigns to it. Berscheid and Walster have
applied this to the emotion of "love." They suggest that we feel passionate love when we are
aroused and when conditions are such that we identify what we are feeling as love.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
11-36
109. (p. 291-292) Explain the relationship that exists between the type of society
(individualistic/collectivist) and the role of love as a prerequisite for marriage. Be sure to
define the terms.
Individualistic cultures, like those of the United States, Canada, and the Western European
countries, tend to emphasize individual goals over group and societal goals and interests.
Collectivist cultures, like those of China, Africa, and the Southeast Asian countries emphasize
group and collective goals over personal ones. Individualistic cultures are more likely to give
importance to love as a prerequisite for marriage, whereas this is not likely to be true for
members of collectivist cultures, as in such societies marriages are often arranged by family
members to serve family interests.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
110. (p. 299) List some of the basic rules of fighting fair that may be used by couples to control
their arguments.
Some of the basic rules of fighting fair are:
1. Don't make sarcastic or insulting remarks about your partner's sexual inadequacy.
2. Don't bring up the names of former spouses, lovers, and girlfriends or boyfriends. Stick to
the issue: your relationship with your partner.
3. Don't play amateur psychologist.
4. Don't threaten to tell your parents or run home.
5. Don't bring children into the argument. It is too stressful emotionally to force them to take
sides between you and your partner.
6. Don't engage in dumping—storing up gripes for six months and then dumping them all at
once.
7. Don't bring up a serious issue negative issue when there is no opportunity to continue the
discussion.
8. Don't focus on who's to blame. Focus on looking for solutions. If you avoid blaming, it lets
both you and your partner save face, which helps both of you feel better about the
relationship.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
11-37

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Chapter 11 - Attraction, Love, and Communication

Multiple Choice Questions

6. (p. 273) Homophily is the tendency of people to:

16. (p. 275) Physical attractiveness is most important to:

34. (p. 279) In order for a relationship to be intimate:

35. (p. 279) Which of the following is true about intimacy?

36. (p. 280) Which of the following is true about intimacy?

74. (p. 288) Which of the following hormones is produced at orgasm?

89. (p. 293) In communication, _____ is what the speaker means.

Short Answer Questions

103. (p. 281-282) Briefly define Sternberg's three components of love.

Sternberg's three components of love are:

Some of the basic rules of fighting fair are:

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