ACTIVIDAD DE CIENCIA DE LOS MATERIALES

BILINGUISMO – PLAN LECTOR

PRESENTADO POR:
JOSE DANIEL BALLETAS FLOREZ

ASESOR: IADER

PROGRAMA DE TECNOLÓGIA EN PRODUCCIÓN INDUSTRIAL

SEMESTRE 2
CARTAGENA (COLOMBIA)
23/11/2023
 GLOSSARY

1. Resilience: The resilience of a material refers to its ability to absorb energy when subjected to
elastic deformation and then release that energy when unloaded. It is an important property in
applications where the material is expected to experience impact or shock loads, as greater
resilience indicates a greater ability to absorb and redistribute energy efficiently, minimizing the
possibility of damage or fracture.
2. Anisotropy: Anisotropy is the property that describes the directional variation of the mechanical
properties of a material. In other words, an anisotropic material exhibits different mechanical
behaviors depending on the direction in which these properties are evaluated. This is crucial in
component design and manufacturing, as directional variations must be considered when
analyzing and forecasting material performance in different applications.
3. Hysteresis: Hysteresis in the context of mechanical properties refers to the retention of a certain
amount of strain in a material after it has been subjected to a stress and then released. This
property is common in viscoelastic materials, where energy is dissipated as heat during the
charge and discharge cycle. Hysteresis can have significant implications in applications such as
vibration damping.
4. Ductility: Ductility is the property that describes the ability of a material to deform plastically
before reaching the breaking point. Ductile materials are those that can undergo considerable
deformation before fracturing, making them ideal for applications where some malleability is
required, such as forming sheets or wires.
5. Cold strain hardening: This phenomenon occurs when a material experiences an increase in
hardness and strength after being plastically deformed at relatively low temperatures. It is
especially relevant in the manufacture of metal parts, where cold deformation can improve the
mechanical properties of the material.
6. Poisson's Ratio: Poisson's ratio is a measure of the transverse shrinkage of a material when
stretched longitudinally. It is an indicator of the lateral stiffness of a material and is used in the
analysis of deformations and stresses in structures. A low Poisson's ratio suggests that the
material has a low ability to contract laterally under longitudinal loading.
7. Material Fatigue: Material fatigue refers to the ability of a material to resist failure under
repeated or fluctuating loads over time. This phenomenon is crucial in the design of components
that undergo charge and discharge cycles, such as moving machinery parts. Fatigue can lead to
progressive fractures even when the applied loads are below the strength limit of the material.
8. Viscoelastic properties: Viscoelastic materials exhibit both elastic and viscous behaviors in
response to applied loads. This means that they have the ability to recover after deformation, like
an elastic material, but also show continuous flow and deformation over time, similar to a
viscous material. These properties are essential in applications where shock absorption or
vibration damping is required.
9. Coefficient of Friction: The coefficient of friction is a measure of the sliding resistance between
two surfaces in contact. It may vary depending on the properties of the contacting surfaces and
lubrication conditions. A low coefficient of friction indicates lower slip resistance and therefore
improved efficiency in mechanical systems.
10. Slenderness index: The slenderness index is a parameter used in the analysis of structures,
especially in elongated elements such as columns, to evaluate their ability to withstand bending
loads before experiencing buckling. A high slenderness index suggests greater susceptibility to
buckling, which can have important implications for the design and stability of structures.