Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology

(a Centrally Funded Technical Institution under MHRD, Govt. of India)

Naraynpur , Malda - 732141 , West Bengal

PAPER NAME - Design of Machine Elements

PAPER CODE – [PC-ME602]
RESPONSIBLE PROFESSOR – DR. HABIB MASUM

TOPIC – MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS

* CA - 1
NAME – ADITYA KUMAR GOSWAMI
ROLL NO. - 35500720006
REG. NO. - 203550100710046
Name of Program - B. Tech
DEPARTMENT - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC SESSION – 2022-2023
3’rd YEAR , 6’th SEMESTER
 Acknowledgement
 Introduction
 TYPE OF MATERIALS PROPERTIES
 DEFINITION OF PROPERTIES MATERIALS
 STRESS-STRAIN DEFINITION
 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
 Conclusion & References
 Thank You
 I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SPECIAL THANKS OF GRATITUDE
TO MY “DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS” Prof. “DR. HABIB
MASUM” FOR HIS GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT I COMPLETING MY
WORK.
I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANKS “DR. SANTOSH KUMAR DASH”
FOR HIS PRECISE SUGGESTIONS WHICH WERE VERY CONDUCIVE
TO THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE REPORT WORK.
 INTRODUCTION
The mechanical properties of a material are those which affect the
mechanical strength and ability of a material to be molded in suitable
shape.
The mechanical properties of a material are those properties that involve a
reaction to an applied load .The mechanical properties of metals determine the
range of usefulness of a material and establish the service life that can be
expected. Mechanical properties are also used to help classify and identify
material. The variation in properties can be due to directionality in
the microstructure(texture) from forming or cold working operation, the
controlled alignment of fiber reinforcement and a variety of other causes. 
TYPES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

 STRENGTH
 ELASTICITY
 PLASTICITY
 TOUGHNESS
 HARDNESS
 STIFFNESS
 BRITTLENESS
 MALLEABILITY
 DUCTILITY
 RESILIENCE
 DEFINITION OF PROPERTIES
MATERIALS
 STRENGTH
It is the property of a material which opposes the deformation or breakdown of
material in presence of external forces or load. Materials which we finalize for our
engineering products, must have suitable mechanical strength to be capable to
work under different mechanical forces or loads.

TOUGHNESS
It is the ability of a material to absorb the energy and gets plastically deformed
without fracturing. Its numerical value is determined by the amount of energy per
unit volume. Its unit is Joule/ m3. Value of toughness of a material can be
determined by stress-strain characteristics of a material.

HARDNESS
It is the ability of a material to resist to permanent shape change due to external
stress. There are various measure of hardness – Scratch Hardness, Indentation
Hardness and Rebound Hardness.
 HARDNESS
It is the ability of a material to attain the hardness by heat treatment processing. It
is determined by the depth up to which the material becomes hard
 BRITTLENESS
Brittleness of a material indicates that how easily it gets fractured when it is
subjected to a force or load. When a brittle material is subjected to a stress it
observes very less energy and gets fractures without significant strain. Brittleness
is converse to ductility of material.
 MALLEABILITY
Malleability is a property of solid materials which indicates that how easily a
material gets deformed under compressive stress. Malleability is often
categorized by the ability of material to be formed in the form of a thin sheet by
hammering or rolling. This mechanical property is an aspect of plasticity of
material.
 DUCTILITY
Ductility is a property of a solid material which indicates that how easily a
material gets deformed under tensile stress. Ductility is often categorized by the
ability of material to get stretched into a wire by pulling or drawing.
 RESILIENCE
Resilience is the ability of material to absorb the energy when it is
deformed elastically by applying stress and release the energy when
stress is removed. Proof resilience is defined as the maximum energy
that can be absorbed without permanent deformation.

 ELASTICITY
Elasticity is a property of matter by virtue of which the materials retain
their original shape and size after removing deforming forces.

 PLASTICITY
Plasticity is the ability of solid materials to go with a flow or to change
orientation permanently when they are subjected to stresses of
intermediate magnitude between those producing temporary
deformation and elastic behaviour, and those causing failure of the
material to its original shape. 
 STRESS-STRAIN DEFINITION
Stress is defined as force per unit area within materials that arises from externally applied
forces, uneven heating, or permanent deformation and that permits an accurate description and
prediction of elastic, plastic, and fluid behavior.

Strain is the amount of deformation experienced by the body in the direction of force applied,
divided by the initial dimensions of the body.

TYPES OF STRESS-STRAIN

Tensile Stress The external force per unit area of the material resulting in the stretch of the
material is known as tensile stress.

Compressive stress is the force that is responsible for the deformation of the material, such
that the volume of the material reduces.

Tensile Strain The deformation or elongation of a solid body due to applying a tensile force or
stress is known as Tensile strain. In other words, tensile strain is produced when a body
increases in length as applied forces try to stretch it.

Compressive strain is the deformation in a solid due to the application of compressive stress.
In other words, compressive strain is produced when a body decreases in length when equal
and opposite forces try to compress it.
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM

Stress-Strain Curve
When we study solids and their mechanical properties,
information regarding their elastic properties is most
important. We can learn about the elastic properties of
materials by studying the stress-strain relationships, under
different loads, in these materials.
  REFERENCES :-
 Class Notes.
 A Textbook of Design of Machine Elements By V. B. Bhandari.

Conclusion :-
The design of machine elements is a critical process that involves the development
of machine components to meet specific functional requirements while ensuring
their strength, stability, and reliability. This process requires a thorough
understanding of the loads and functional requirements, selection of appropriate
materials, analysis and optimization of the design, and verification through testing
or simulation. Effective design of machine elements leads to improved efficiency,
increased performance, and reduced maintenance costs for machines.
THANK YOU