Peace Corps

Guarani Basic Course

 DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 200-015 FL 012 142

AUTHOR Blair, Robert W.'; And Others

TITLE Guarani Basic Course, Volume II.
INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington, D.C.
PUB DATE
NOTE 497p.; For related document, see EL U12 141. Pats
may not reproduce clearly.
LANGUAGE English; Guarani ;_ Spanish.

EBBS PRICE MF02/PC20 Plus Postage.

DESCRIPTORS *American Indian Languages; Communicative Competence
(Languages) ; Cultural Awareness; Diaogs (Language);
Grammar; Intensive Language Courses; Learning
Activities; Pattern Drills (Language) ; Second
Language Instruction; *Textbooks; Vocabulary
IDENTIFIERS *Guarani; Paraguay

ABSTRACT
This volume of the basic course mm Guarani.(the
indigenous language Paraguay) contains the core stage, or .

class- instructional phase, of the tea units presented inVolume Dne.

These units contain explanations,-exercises, dialogues, various types
cf pattern drills, suggestions for games and communication.
activities, and various types of vocabulary lists.andexercises. host
of the exercises'are in Guarani and English, with theexception
the last,secticla of the book which is in.Guaraniand Spanish. ThiS
last section consists of short dialogues on situations and activities
cDe would encounter in daily life in Paraguay. (And)

******************************************#**************************
* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best tacit canbe made-
from the original document: *
*
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 GUARANI BASIC COURSE

Part II -

Prepared by: Robert W. Blair

Charles R. Graham
Delbert H. Groberg
Carlos . Gomez _

Carle. R. Espinola

''PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS

U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
EDUCATION & WELFARE MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
NATIONAL INSTITUTE CF
EDUCATION

, DOCUMEN.T orAs BEEN REPRO-

o;.,,.-ED ExAC7L, RECEIVED ,PON,
7..E PERSON OR ORGANIZATION OPIC,N-
4,4G PO'N'S OP VIEW OR OPINIONS
DO NOT NECESS:P1LY PEPPE'
NATIONAL ,4ST,'UTE Oc TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
FDi);:A,-04 POSI.ON OS POL,Cv INFORMATION CENTER RIC).-

sy,
1968
0

DEC 3 V 1980
 O

GORE STAGE

Cycle 1

Manipulation Phase'

model

I-pores -nte (I'm) just fine.

TO THE STUDENT: The subject of 'Ipores -nte is understood through

context and does not need to be expressed. Depending upon the
context it could meen 'I'm just fine°, 'He's just fine', 'It's
just fine', etc,

pronunciation

I-pores -nte
Dora
I - -pores
I-pores -nte

model

Mbate ixa-pa? How? How are you?

'How?'
TO THE STUDENT: Mba'e.ixa-pa literally translates as
-However it is use4 where we would say 'How are you?',
'Hello' etc.

pronunciation

Mba'e
.ixa
4 ixa
4 ixaapa
ba'g ixaapa
Mbe.'4
 (

f
Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe-1-.6ra C. los. name (is) Carlos.

70 THE STUDENT: No verb is used to link a subject noun with a . -

predicate noun;

-rePetition

Xe7-17-esa. Carlos.
Nde-era Gladys.

model

Mba'4 What (is) your name?

TO THE STUDENT:_ the phrase imba.4 ika-Pa nde-I-rera? is similar to the

Spanish 'Como se llama?'

repetition

Mba'6 ixa pa nde-i-6ra?

nde--17-era:
pa nde-i.era?
Mbacg ixa-pa
Mba'e ixa-pa nde-rera?

A. Mba'e ixa-pa nde-;era:

B. Xe-i-era

Is
 CyCle,3

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe xe--;:era David aver. My name is David too.

TO THE STUDENT: Contrast xe. rera 'my name' and Xe xe-;-era ta.name.',
nde-i.'-era 'your name' and nde nde-r'4ra "-our.name°.

A. Xe4gra Carlos.

3. X& xe-;gra Carlos aver.

Use Phase

listening for comprehension

A. Karat, mba'g, ixa-pa nde-;-gra?

B. Xe-rgra Antonio Gomez.
'A. Ha! Xe. xe-i-era Antonio Gomez, aver:
B. roi-kuag vo.
A. ,X6.avel: -

appropriate response

What are both men named?

 4-

RE:N5ORCEMENT STAGE

Games and Contests

GAMES : 1.. FAery student tuts his name in a hat and then draws
a name from the hat. (It's all right if he draws
his own name.) The students then go around the
classrOom and greet everyone else, and ask every-
one else what his name is. (Each students assumes
the name that he drew from the hat.)

2. Each student is provided pictures of famous persons.

He holds up one picture at a time and asks °What's
my name'
ut

CONTESTS: 1. Game No- i, could be used as a con-test by seeing

who c,;uld get everyone's name the ouickest. The
names'w,,uld have to,be written down an a niece of
paper and checked for accuiacy,

2. See'who can talk the longest in Guarani without

long pause: or grammatical errors. The game
wound work well by dividing the class into teams
of T:W: and having them talk together.

LIVE SITUATIONS:

1. ne stuants should us.e the greeting &:.mongifeliow

student--; ana teachers whenever ..,hey see them in
or out cr ,:iass.
 CORE STAGE

pronunciation practice

a e
like Spanish vowels.'

repetition

a aver
xe
karat
o vo
u -hendia

lips drawn hack as for i;

tonglie position for the
vowel of put.

repetition

Y, jevi
y a-vz9

v h much'like the E nglish

consonants

repetition

levg, oparg, lUkg,

vo
h ha

I
 x sh in English
g ia in English
gV and a vowe1 w in English and.a vowel

repetition

x xe, xgk,. xopi, xlxu, xika, 2syryr

t ko'da
gu guyrg

t ,d n p, k
like Spanish consonants

repetition

I-porii-ate nd.6 pore mba'e ixa-pa kara:17 --Dag

mba'e -He'd xe-rerc. -studig la' 1-pora pa

Gl..)ttal stop as in °mountain'

or 'oh-on'.

repetition

so'6
ha'g
hu'U
ha."4
mba'e

714.e'd

e I o ti Y Any vowel may be nasalized

 7
contrast. drill

g porg porg
g peg ----Peg
I ol 01
moo moo
11 ril ru
Y py

nasal j - n pronounced H
nasal d - d silent
nasal b - b o
silent

contrast drill

ja fia
ndg ndg,
mba'e
r-

non-nasal nasal

primary stress

secondary stress

repetition

ndg
-porg
nde-,;gra
oi'-porg
kaial:
I-porg-nte
hate
hai:e kugra

'hge kuaa volume is loudest at point of

peg
stress
 a
7epet.it.ion

nee

-studi5.
I- Ora - ^t°

vowel.vowel .pronounced as a glottal stop

or a long vowel.

repetition

-mba. apri

model

tera a name

Caere his name

xe -rera
-
my name

'TO T1 STUDENT: certain words begin with t when they are not
possessed, h when they are thi,-d person posseSsive, and r when
they are possessed by any other person. This type of change will
be called the RH fa,"-o-.

I-porn -nte The hyphen is a symbol placed

arbitrarily in words to
facilitate the teaching of the
grammar .

Mba',=; ixe-pe The hat connects -pa,: negative

affixes and other elehents to
be discussed la . :r.
,

-JaD6

TO THE STUDENT: verb stems which begin with a capital I or J are

I-verbt or J-verbs, respectively. I-verbs requirean 'i' on any
prefix added to. the verb stem; J-verbs recuire a 'j'.

.
 10
REINFORCEMENT STAGE

Games and Contests

1. The teacher reads words with and without glottal

stops. The student raises his hand if the word
contains a glo,.tal stop.

Example: hae, ha' 6

-pee DeTe
mbag mba'6

2 Same as Game 1. but with nasalization instead

of glottal stops.

Example: pee pee

ore ore
he'e rieye
...
Pore pora
e+-!. etc,

3 Same as G tut with the -.rowel L.:

-Example: ieVg 'eli-C1

c.)

a -v; a e-vy?el
ykug -ukug
jevi a-vi' g.
etc. etc.

CONTESTS: 1 The teacher -ends words that know but

he varies the stress, nasal and glottal stops.
The studentS write what they hear.

2. The students read back what they wrote in CONTEST

1,

Live Situations .

1. Listen for the sound in English or any other

language you are in contact with..

2. Practice saying English words with nasalized;

vowels.

3. Practice using L. in place of 'u'.in-English words.

-1
 41N

CORE STAGE

Cycle 1

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe":,a? (Who) me?

TO THE STUDEI'T: The statement 'me' is xe. The auestion '(Who) me?'
is either xe? (with upward intonation) or xe-pa?' The 2:L. added to a
word or phrase makes.the word or phrase a question.

point and say

Xe-na? (Who) me?

Nde-pa?_ (Who) you?
Ore-ma?- Who) us?
Pe-e-pa? .
..(Who)

Carlos-Pa? (Wh0) -Carlos

point and ask

x4 Nde-pa?
Ha'6. Ha'espa?
.:de. Xg-pa?
CarIos. Carlos "pa?
Ore. PP^4'pa?
Pee. Ore.-pa?

model

E-hendia Listen Estuche

Pe-hendia Listen Escuchen

TO THE STUDENT: E Plus the VERB STEM iS the command directed toward
one person. Pe plus the VERB STEM is the command directedtoward
more than one person. (-'e is irregular.)
 conversion given a singular command form, change it to the
plural and vica versa.)

-Singular Plural

E-hendd Pe-hendd
-He' e Pe-He'e
Pe- studies

model

E-he'ndu mi . Listen a little. Escuche un poco.

Literally ml
TO THE STUDENT: mi after the command softens the command.
means 'a little'. ,Note also that mi takes the primary stress.

conversion (given a simple command form, change it to asoftened

c=mend form.)

E-h,lindu mi.
E-hendd
E-te'e E-ne'e mi.
E-studig.
E-stadia mi.
Lr-e mi.

dialog 1.

A. E-stadia mii Study'

B. Xg-pa9 (Who) me?

A. Ndg.

dialog 2._

A. Pe-stadia m1 Study:

B. Org-pa? (Who) us?

Pee. You

1
 Use Phase

interpreting (give the dialog responses)

Politely tell (name) to study

listen
speak
say (it)

Politely tell (names) to study_

listen
speak
say (it),

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe a-hendla. I listen.

TO THE STUDENT: when the subject of a verb is "I' (xe), the PERSON
PREFIX a must be added to the Verb_stem. (Again, -'e is irregular.)

act out

Xe a-hendia. I listen.
Xe a-studig.. 'I study.
Xe I talk.
Xe ha-'g. I say.,
 14.

model

I listen.

TO THE STUDNET: since the PERSON PREFIX specifies the subject, the
subject pronoun is not necessarily expressed.. The relationbetween
a-heildU and xe a-hendil is the same tss,between 'escucho' and 'yoescucho'.

translation

I listen.
I talk.
I study.
I say.

model

A-hendu hina. I am listening.

---
TO THE STUDENT: hina after the verb makes progressive.

translation

A-hendu hina. I am listening.

A-fie°5 hina. I am talking.
A-studies hina. I.am studying.
1:18.-"4 hina. I am saying (it).

patterned response

Xe a-studies hina. Xe a-studies hina avel.

X4 a-heie dine- Xe hina avel.
X4 a-bend(' bine- Xe a-hendil hina avel.
Xe ha-'e hina. Xe ha-'6 hina avel.
 jr

dialog

A: E7hendu mi. Listen a bit.

B. Xg-pa? A-hendil hina. Me? I'm listening.

Use Phase

interpreting (give the dialog responses)

Politely tell (name) to study

speak
listeh
tell it
read

Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase,

model

Ndg re- studies hina: You are studying.

TO THE STUDENT: when the subject is 'you' (ndg), the PERSON PREFIX re
must be added to the verb stem.

repetition

Ndg re- studies hina. You are studying.

Ndg re-hendia hina. You are listening.
Ndg re-ne'e hina. You are talking.
 model

Nde re-studig hina guarani.- You are studying Guarani.

*repetition
$0
,Xe a-he' 6 hina guaranf. I am speaking Guarani.
Xe a-hendil hina guarani. I am listening (to') Guarani.
Nde re- studies hina guarani. You are studying Guarani:
Ndg hina 'guarani. You are speaking Guarani.

model

Nde-pa-re-studig hina guarani?

Are you studying Guarani?
Re-studig-pa hina guarani?

TO THE STUDENT: a yes-no question.is formed by adding -a after the first

wordo.f the sentence.

repetition

Nde-pa.re--hendil hina? Are you listening?: -

Re-hendil-pa hina? . Are you listening?

Nde-pa re-flete hina? Are you talking?
Re-ae'e-pa hina? Are you talking?

LEOrlIpsilesp91L

Re-He'e-pa hina? Nah&niri. Ndepa re-hele hina?

- Re-bendil-pa hina? NahLniri. ,Nde-pa re-hendil-pa? -
Re-studig-pa hina? Nahaniri. Nde-pa.re-studig-pa?

dialog

A. Re-studigpa nina guarani?

NahAniri. Nde-pa re-studig hina guarani?

 /7

Use'Phdte

interpretin,71

Ask (name) if he is studying-English.

Ask (name) if he is speaking,Fiench.
Ask (name) if he is reading Spanish.
Ask (name): if he is listening .56 Guarani.

listening for comprehension

Xe hina.
Nde, enamel, re-hendia hina.

appropriate response-

-Xe-pa a-henea hina?

Nee-pa re-.e'6 hina?

dialag

A Nde-pa re-Studig hina guarani? Are you studying Guarani?

B. Iee, a-studies hina guarani. Yes, I'n studying Guarani.

A. Re-studig:.-c_ hina ingles aver. Are you studying English too?

Ha'e o-studies hina ,No. He's studying English.

B.- Nalaniri.
ingles.
 tG

/8

Cycle 4

ManipuAation Phase

model

Carlos o-sfudig hina. Carlos is studying.

Ha'e o-studig hina. He is studying.

TO-THE STUDIENT: the PERSON PREFIX for third person (he, she or it) is o.
1: O

repetition

Hate o-hendii hina. He is listening.

Have o-studig hina. He is studying.
Hate o-fiete hina. He is speaking.
(Name) o-lee hina. (Name) is speaking.'
(NaL-e) o-scrivI hina. (Name) is writing.
.-

patterned response

model: Carlos-pa o-studig hina ingles?

Hee, o-studig hind. .t)

Hate-pa o-he'e guarani?

Hee, o-nee guarahi.

0-lee-pa h':ha.?
Hee, o-lee hina.

drill: Carros-pa 941e7e hina ingles?

;Hee, o-ffet ha:flat-T:416s,

Glgdys-pa ingles avei?

H6e, ingles avefi

Ha"e-pa o-studig guarani?

Hee, ostudig guaranT.

0-lee-pa hina kuEL-karal Gomez?

Hee, b-lee hina.
 /9

model: Re-studig-pa hina ko'aga?

Hee, a-studies hina

Re-neie-pa hina guarani-me toia.ga?

Yee, ko'aga a-he'e-,hina guarani-me.

Re2hendirma hina kaiega?

Hee, ko'aga,a-hendia hina.

drill: Re-Etudig-pa hina guaralli-ko'aga?

Hee, ko'aga a-studig hina guarani.

Re7leg-pa hina ingigs ko'aga?

'Hee, koieiga a-leg hina inglgs.

Re-scrivl-pa hina icaral-Keie ko'aga?

Hee, ko'aga a=scriyi hina karal-fieCe.

lexical substitution

o-studies C.Name) o7studig hina.

o-leg tName) a-leg hina.
o-scrivi (Name) o-scrivi-hina.
o-mana (die) (Name) ormana hina.
o-ke (sleep) (Name) o-kg hina.

grammatical substitution

(xe) X5 a-studig hina guarani.

nde Ndg re- studies hina,guarani.
ha' g- Hag o-s-Eudig- hina guarani.

Haig o-scrivi hina.

-Nd4 re-strivi hina.
Xg a-scrivl hina.

(xg) Xe a-leg hina.

haig Haig hina.
 Cycle 5

Manipulation Phase

model

Pe& pe-fie' e .hina. You-all are speakin,;.

TO THE STUDENT' EL is the PERSON PREFIX for 'you-all' (pee).

repetition

Pe& pe7hendri hina. You-ail are listening.

Pee pe=studig hina. You-all are studying.
Pee pe:-fie'e hina. You-all are talking.

model

Ore_ro-fie'e hina. We are talking.

repetition

Org ro-hsndil hina. We are listening.

Or ro-studig. hina. We are studying.
Ore ro-nefe hina. We are talking."
Or ro-he'e guarani. We are talking Guarani.
.0

7crammatica1 substitution.

pee) Pee pe,fieTe hina.

Or Or ro-ne=e hina.
xe Xe a-he'e hina.
nde Nde re-fief& hina.
hafe Ra'e o-fie'e

(xe) Xe a-studig hina.

nde Nde re-studig
hag Hafe o-studig hina.
pee Pee pe-studig hina.
9
 2/

model.

Ingles-pe In English

Guarand-me In Guarani
f
TOTHE STUDENT: 'in' is -u,. After'a stressed nasalized vowel -De
becomes -me. It is common in Guaranilto:-say 'speak in alanguagel7

repetition

ingles-pe In English.
quarani-:me In Guarani.
Er-e mi ingles-pe. w Say (it) in'EnElish.
:r -e mi guarani -me. Say (it) in Guarani.
E-aere mi guarani-me. Speak in Guarani.
E-fie'e,ingles-pe, Speak in English.

patterned response

model: hfna guarani ko'gga?

Hge, rb-He'e hina guarani.

Pe-hendil7pa hina karal-fie'a ko.'aga?

Hee, ro-hendll hina

drill: Pe-studig-pa.bina ko'gga?

Hge, ro-studie hina ingles.

Pe-Re'e hina karal-Heeg-me.

dialog

A. Pe-fie'rma htna ingles-pe? Are you -all talking in English?

B. .Nahgniri. Or ro-heig hina No., We're talking in Guarani-

guarani-me.

A. Guarani-me? '0f -pores! In Guarani? That's good!

 22

Use Phase

listening for comprehension

Xe'a-ftece hina guarani -me.

Nde re-ne:4 hina karal-nete-me.
Pee pene'e hina ingles-pe.
Hate o-te'e hina ruso-pe.

appropriate response

1. Xe-pa a-Ke2e hina guarani-me?

2. Nde-pa re-he'e hina ruso -pe?
3. Pee-pa pe-fie'e hina inglestpe?
4. Ha'efloa o-fle'se hina karal-fie'e?
5. Ore-pa ro-de'e hina chino-pe?

interpreting

1. Ask (nam) if I am speaking in Guarani.

2. Ask (name). if I am study in Guarani.
3. Ask (name) if he is studying in Guarani.
4. Ask (name, if he is speaking in Guarani.
5. Ask (name) if you are speaking in Guarani.
 REINFORCEMENT STAGE
Games
1. The students sit in a circle.
One student is chosen as the
COMMANDER. The Commander gives
each student a command such as:.
STUDY TALK LISTEE
SAY IT
The students act out the command
by holding their hands like a
book for STUDY, putting a hand
to the ear for LISTEN, etc-,
and responds by saying I'M
STUDYING, or I'M LISTENING,
etc. The Commander 'says:
THAT'S FINE, and goes on to the
next student.
After everyone is given a
command the Commander asks each
one: ARE YOU STUDYING? or ARE
YOU LISTENING? etc., and the
students reach respond appro-
priately YES, I'M STUDYING,
or NO, I'M TALKING, or what-
ever he is doing.
Students each take turn being
the .COMMANDER.
2. Students sit in a circle. One
student is chosen as IT, and
leaves the room for a minute.
Each student is assigned some-
thing to be doing such as
STUDYING, TALKING,. etc. One
person is chosen as the FIBBER.
1. Lds estudiantes se sientan en un
circulo. Uno de ellos es elegido
como el COMANDANTE. El Coman-
dante da a cada estudiante una
ordern tal como:
ESTUDIE HABLE ESCUCHE
DIGALO
Al recibir la orden los estu-
diantes actuan alzando sus manos
como con un libro para el ESTUDIO,
o poniendo us manos en sus-oidos,
en actitud de OIB, ect.,,y a la
vez respondiendo: YO ESTOY
ESTUDIANDO o YO ESTOY ESCUCHANDO
etc., El Comandante dice: MUY
BIEN y sigue-hacia el prOximo
estudiante.
Despues de,que cada uno halla re-
cibido una orden, el Comandante
pregunta ESTA UD. ESTUDIANDO?
o ESTA UD. ESCUCHANDO? etc., y
cada estudiante da la respuesta
apropiado, SI ESTOY ESTUDIA1b0
o NO, ESTOY HABLANDO, o dual-
auier cosa que estg. haciendo.
Cada estudiante toma el turno
de'COMANDANTE.
2. Los estudiantes se sientan en un
circulo. Lino de ellos, el senor
X, sale fuera de la clase por un
minuto. A cada estudiante se le
asigna estar haciendo una acciOn
determinada como ESTUDIANDO,
HABLANDO etc. Entre todos se ellge
un EMBUSTERO.

IT comes back-into the room and
begins asking what the different
students are doing:
ARE YOU STUDYING?
ARE YOU TALKING?
IS HE LISTENING?
etc. Everyone except the FIBBER
has to tell the truth-. The
FIBBER has to fib. 'IT tries to
find out what everyone is really
doing and who the FIBBER is.
Students take turns being IT.
3. Students sit in a circle. One
person is chosen as IT. IT
'tells each student what he is
'YOU'RE LISTENING.
YOU'RE TALKING,
etc. The students have to keep
track of what every student is
assigned.
Then IT asks someone to tell 'him
whit everyone doing:
I'M LISTENING.
HE'S STUDYING.
etc. If he gets one wrong and
IT gets it right, he is the new
IT.
24
X vuelve al salon de clase y
pr-glinta que este haciendo
-cl1ferentes estudiantes:
ESTA UD. ESTUDIANDO?
ESTA UD. HABLANDO?
ESTA EL ESCUCHANDO?
etc. Todos, excepto el EMBUSTERO,
debe decirle la verdad. El
EMBUSTERO,tiene aue mentir. X
trata de saber que est5. haciendo
realmente cada uno y quien es el -
EMBUSTERO.
Todos los estudiantes toman s;.1'
turno de sef:',Dr X.
3. Los estudiantes sientan en un
circulc. Una persona es-elegida
como X. X dice a cada estudiante
aue deberg esta:7 haciendo:
UD. ESTA ESTUDIANDO.
UD ESTA HABLANDO.
etc. Todos los 'estudiantes
tienen que terser en cuenta aue es
asignado a cada estudiante.
Entonces X pregunta a cualquiera
que ester haciendo cada uno:
YO ESTOy. ESCUCHANDO.
EL ESTA ESTUDIANDO.
etc. Si el estudiante a -quien.
es hecha la pregunta se ecUivoca
y X no, el es el nievo X.
 2.

Games and Contests

Juegos y Concursos

The teacher gives a statement El profesor da una frase sin usar

without using a pronoun: pronombres:

0-HEND(.1 MINA ESTA ESCUCHANDO.

OR 0

A- STUDIA ESTUDIO.

etc. The students cuestion the etc. Los estudiantes, usando el

.statement as fast as they can: pronombre apropiado preguntan
lo mgs pronto que puedan:
EA EPA?
EL?
ND'IrPA?
NO=OS?
,YZ,"7"'DA9
UD.?
Whoever questions it correctly
first, gets a point. La primera pregunta correcta
gana un puntc.

The teacher gives each student 2. el profesor da a cada estudiante

a command, or tells him what he una orden o le dice que ectg
is doing: haciendo:

E-HENDU MI. ESUCUCHE.

N RE-STUDf& HINA. UD. ESTA ESTUDIANDO.

The student responds by etc. El estudiante responde

etc.
acting out the command and
saying what he is doing. If he
gets it right he gets a poic,t.
realizando la acciOn que la
orden implica y diciendo oue ester
haciendo. Si lo hace bien gana
un punto.
 2c

3. One of the students is chosen 3. Uno de los estudiantes es elegido

as IT. IT leaves the room. como X. X deja el salon de clase.
The others are each assigned an - Los otros se'asignan uno al otro
activity identification: una acttvidad que les identifique:

NDE RE-STUDIA HINA UD. ESTA ESCUCHANDO.

NDP, RE-SCRIVI HINA UD. ESTA ESCRIBIENDO.

NBE.REudiEl HINA UD. ESTA ESTUDIANDO.

NDE RE-EMU HINA UD. ESTA HABLANDO.

NDE RE-LEE HINA UD. ESTA LEYENDO.

IT is then called into the room X es llamado al salon de clase y

and is told: se le dice:

PETEi.0-LEEHINA, HA UNO ESTA LEY1=0,.

OTRO KATU 0-SCRIVI HINA, OTHO ESTA ESTUDIANDO,

etc. etc.

IT then asks different people X pregunta a diferentes personas

about their-activity; acerca de su actividad:

(NDE-PA.RE-LEE HINA?) (ESTA UD. LEYENDO?)

or the activity of others: o las actividades de otros:

(HA'72-PA 0 -HENDU HINA?) (ESTA EL-ESCUCHANDO? )

 27

Catch and Say

Agarre y Riga

4. Formen un circulo con X en el

4. Form a circle, with IT in the
medio. X tire una pelota or cual-
middle. IT throws a ball or bean
auier objecto suave a alguno en
bag "'to someone in the circle and
el circulo y des una orden. La
gives a command. The pefson.
persona debe coger el objecto,
must catch the object, respond
responder y tirar de vuelta el
and throw the object back with-
objeto dentro de 4 segundos,
in four seconds, (before IT
(antes oue X cuente hasta 10).
counts to four in Guarani or
La persona con el objeto debe
ten in Spanish). The person-with
dar_una respuesta corecta a la
the object must give the correct
response to the command given by pregunta u orden dadpor X.
TT. /
Ejemplo: Si X dices:

Examcle: if IT says:
ESCUCHE..
E-HE NDU MI.
La persona debe decir:
The person must say:
ESTOY ESCUCHANDO.
X2 A -HENDU

Live Situations

phrases.in
Try to findai many situations. as possible to use the
for example, ask:
the-lesson. When you see some-One studying,.
ARE YOU STUDYING GUARANI?, etc.
SAY IT AGAIN.
2. Use the phrases 17 class whenever appropriate:
ARE YOU TALKING IN GUARANI?, etc.
SAY IT IN ENGLISH.
know
3. Whenever you her something in English or Spanish that you
(even if it's just a word) think of how
how to say in Guarani
you would say it in Guarani.
 26

REVIEW STAGE

translation

Xe-7.pa? (Who) me?

Ore-pa? (Who) us?

Listen (you).

Pe-hendia. Listen (you-all).

mi. Say (it) (you).

Pej-e mi. Say (it) (you7a11).

Xe I listen.

Xe a-hendS hina. I am listening.

A-fie'e hina guarani. I am speaking Guarani.

Nde re-fie'e hina ingles-pe. You are speaking in English.

Xe I say.

Xe a-studies hina gUarani. I am studying Guanani.

Aide re- studies hina inglesy Are you studying English?

Re-fie'rpa hina guarani-me? Are you speaking in Guarani?

Carlos-pa o-studig hina guarani? Is Carlos studying Guarani?

Pe-fie hina inglgs-pe? Are you-all tPlking in English?

Guarani-me-pa? In Guarani?

Ro-fie'E guarani -me, speak in Guarani.

mi guarani-me. Say (it) in Guarani.

Pej-e mi ingles-pe. Say (it) (you -all) In English.

E-He'e mi gmarani-me. Talk in Guarani.

0I-porg! That's good (fine)!

 2.

appropriate response

E-hendia mi.

2. Ktia.g, ixa-pa?

3. Mba'g ixa'pa nde-:era?

4. Re- studies pa hina guarani?

5. Re- ^e'-43-pa hina guarani?

6. Carlos-pa o-fie'e guarani-me?

7. Er-e mi hello' guarani-me.

8: Er - mi 'Guarani' guarani-me.

9. Nde-Pa re- studies hina inglgs?

10. Re-hendirpa hina?

11. 0-hendil-pa hina?

12. E-fiece ingles-pe.

13. E-fie'e mi guarani-Me?

1L. Pee-pa pe-studies hina Ingle's?

15. Pe-studig-pa hina guarani?

16. A-ne'e'pa guarani-me?

17. Hate-pa o-ctudig hina?

18. Car pa o-hendil hina?

19. Mba'e ixa-pa re- studies hina guarani?

20. Pe-Hei-ei-pa hina

 3o

relistening

1. A. Mba'e ixa-na, Carlos?

B. I-pore -nie. Ha ndg?

A. I-pore -nte avel. *Nde-Da e.t."studig hina guarani?

3. Hee, a-studig hina.

A. Ha David? 0- studies -pa hina guarani avel?

B. Nahaniri, ha'e o-studies hina ingles.

A. 01-pora! re ha Glgdys ro-studies hina inglgs avel.

2. A. Glgdys ha,Carlos, mbale ixa-Da?

B. D-Dora-nte. Ha ndg?

A. I-pore -ntZ avel. Re-:late-pa ingles?

B. Ore-pa? Nahaniri, or ro-fie'e guarani.

A. Er-e mi 'Hello' guarani-me.

B. "Mba"e ixa-pa?" Oi-pora-pa?

A. Hee, 01-Dora.

3. A. Re-studig-pa hina guarani, Carlos?

B. Hee, a-studies hina.

A. Mbarg ixa-pa re -.studies?

E. Xg a-Het& guarani-me.

A. 01-pora, Carlos.
 Pronunciation practice

nasal 'vowel (i-)

hee
D -s e
fie.e

nasal vs. oral vowel vY

pe pee
kolaga ko'gra
roikuag mok8i

vowel - glottal catch - vowel (v'v)

ha'e
he-If
Ee'e

v'v VS. VV'

he-et peter karial

pee

.
 32

CORE STAGE

Cycle 1

Maninulatich Phase

model

hina guarani ko'aga. He's studying Guarani now.

substitution

guarani o-studig hina guarani ko'aga..

inglgs o-studig hina inglgs ko'aga.
karal-fie' è o-studig hina karal-die'e kovaga.
portugues o-Studig hina nortugugs ko'aga.

model

Mbatg-pa,o-stuaig hina karat What is Mr. Taylor studying?

Taylor?

substitution

karat Taylor Mba'g-pa o-studig hina karat Taylor?

kung, -karat Taylor Mba'g-pa o-studia hina kuha-karat Taylor?

A. Mba'g-pa o-studig hina (name)?

B. G-studig hina guarani ko'aga.

 33

Use Phase

directed. discourse

1. E-torandd (name)-te mba'g-pa o-studies hina (name).

2. E-porandd (name)-te o-studig-pa hina guarani,

listening for ,comprehension

Karaf. Taylor o-studies hina guarani ko'aga ha kung -karal Peraltao-studig

hina ingles.

appropriate response

1. Mbeg-pa o-studies hina karal Taylor?

2. Mbaig-pa o-:studig hina kung -karal Peralta?
3. 0-studig..pa hina guarani kung -karal Peralta?
4. Ndg-pa re-studig-Nna ingles?
5. re-pa a-studies hint. karal-He'e?
6. Mava-pa o-studies nine. karal-fie"e?

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

model

0-leg hina ko'aga. Fe's reading now.

substitution

fleg 0-fie'a hina ko'aga.

leg 0 -leg hina ko'aga.
scrivl 0-scrivi hina ko'aga.
hug fubol 0-hugg fubol ko'aga.
,
model

Mba'g-pa. o-ap6 bina (name)? What is (name) doing?

patterned response

model: Mbaie-pa of -apO hina kotega? 0-lee-pa hina?

Hee, o-lee hIna.

Mbaie-pa oj-anc5 hina kofega? 0-hu6-pahina fubol?

Hee, o-hugg:7pa YEna fubol.

drill: MbaTe-pa oj-'apc5 hina koiega? 0-scrivi pa hina?

Hee, o-:Fcrivl hIna,

Midate-pa of -ap6 hina ko'aga? 0-fie'e-pa hina guarani-me?

Hee, o-fie'e hina guarani-me.

Mbaie-pa.oj-ap6.hina ko'aga? 0-studig.-pa hina ingles?

Hee, o-stUdia" hina ingles.

Use Phase

directed discourse

1. E-porandd (name)-pe mba.'"pa xe aj-ap6 hina.

2. E-porandd a-lee-pa hina.
3. E-porandd_xe-ve mbate-pa (name)-be of -ap6 hina.

patterned response

model: Mbaie-pa rej-apO hina? Re-lee-pa hina?

Hee, a-lee hina.

-Mba'e-pa rej-ap6 hina? Re-scrivi-pa hina?

Hee, a- scriyi hina.

'-U
 3,_

a.'?; T)e re' -apC h:na?. Re-studig ma hTna?

Hee, a-scrivl hlna.

Kba'rpa rej-ap5 hTna? Re-hu,Tg.-ma hina 4'111-:o?

Hee, a-huga hina fubol,

model: Mba"e7ni aj-ap6 hina? A-scriv-ma hina?

Hle re-scrivl hina.

drill: ,lba'g-na aj-an6 hina? X-lee-na hina?

rice, re-lee hina.

aj-an6 hina? A-studig-pa hina?

Hee, re-studig hina.

directed discourse

1. Eporandr.:. (name)-ne mbale-pa oj-ap6.hIna.

E-porandil o-lee7na hina.

E-moranda (name)-me mba'e-pa hina.

2.
E-porandikre;-studig-pa hina.

patterned response

Mba'g-pa roj-an5 hina? Ro-studig-pa hina?

model:
Hee, pe-studies hina.

drill: Mbaie-pa roj-ap6 hinag Ro-Hete-pa hIna.guarani-me?

Hee, me-He'-e hina guarani-me.

Mba!g1-,.a roj-ami5 hina? Ro-scrivl-pa hina?

Hee, ne-scrivl

Mba"e-ma pej-amo hina? Pe-studig-na hina?

model:
H4e, reo-studies hina?

Mbafe-na hina? Pe- huger -pa hina?

drill
Hee, ro-huger hina.

.a"e-pa Dej-ap6 Pe-fie'rpa hina guarani-me?

Hee, e hina guarani-me.
 3G

directed discourse

1. E-porandil ore-ve mba'e-pa roj-apO hina. E-porandu ro-He'e-pa

hina ingles-ne.

E-pornadil (name)-pe mba'e-pa pej-ap6 hina. E-porandu pe-1e6-pa

hina.

listening for comprehension

Karal Martinez o-studies hinaingles, ha nde, (name), re- studies hina

guarani, ha xe a-studies hina

appropriate response

1. Mava'pa o-studies hina inglesq.

2. Mba'e-pa xe a-sAudig hina?

3. Ha nde, (name)., mba'e-pa re- studies hina?

4. Mba'e-pa rej-ap6 hina?

-5. Mba'e-pa oj-ap6 hina (name)?

6. Mba'e-pa xe aj-ap6 hina?

T. Mba'e-pa aj -ap6 hina ko7iii:gA? sof

 37

Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase

=del

:Tiande ja-studie va.era guarani. We ought to study Guarani.

TO THE STUDENT! The PERSON PRE= which corresponds to Handle Ja- or

within a nasal span Ha-.

substitution

ja-studig. Nandg la-studie va.er& guarani.

Ha-He"6 Nand Ha-He'e va.era guaraHi.

a-hendil Nand Ha-he nda va.era guarani.

patterned response

model: Ha e ku6ra o-studie va.er& karat -fie'e,

Ha Hand4 ja-studie va.era guarani.

ha'ekuera vA,era. karat -fie e.

Ha iaande na-hp'e va.er& guarani.

drill: Ha 'e kuerE. o-henda va.erA karat -nee.

Ha rand va.eza- guarani.

Ha'e ku6ra o-lee ,va.era karat -fie' e.

Ha nand va.eri!

Mba'g pa fiand5 ja- studia va.er& What should we study now?

ko'aga?
 3a

su_stiturion

call word :pattern

riaLdela-studie. Mba"eoa. Hande ja-studia va.era ko"dita.

or ro studig. Mbate-pa or ro-studia va.era koiaga.

pee ue-studi:i Mba'e-ua pee De-studia va.er

nde re-studig. Mba'e-pa nd& re-studia va.erd.

o7studie. Mba'e-ua. o-studia va.era ko'Lga.

xe a-ctudigi. Mba'e-ue. xe a-studia va.era

dialog for listening

A. Mba'e-pa ja-studia va.era ko'-ago

B. Nd4 re-studi:a va.era guarani- ha xg a-studia va.erg. ingles.
A. Ha'e-pa o-studia va.era alre17
B.: Hee.

dialog for- iistening

r.
A. Mba:e-pa hand6 ja-Ftudia va.era ko'aga?
B. Nande ja-studia va.era guaranf.
1
A. Ha ilbace pa ha'e o-studia va.era koidga?
B. lie'e o-studia rra..=..ra karat -ne e.

dialog for memorization

A. Alberto b-stud:ia -.Ta.era hina Alberto should he studying

.karat -he'a. Spanish.

.B. Ha mbaq-pa fiande ja-studia And what should we be studying?

va.era hina?

A. Nand ja-studi Ira.era hina We should be studying Guarani.

guaran!:.
Listening for comprehension

Karat Graham o-st.udies hina karal-Re'e, Pero hateo-studia va.era guarani.

Karat Gomez o-studies hina portugues, pero ha'g o-studies va.era inglgs.

appropriate response

M'oa'21-pa o-studies hina karal Grahqm ko'aga?

Mba'g-pa hate o-studies va.erg.?
Yba'g-pa o-studies hina karal Gomez ko'Ega?
Ha'g-pa o-studies hina karal-fiete aver?
Mba',5-pa ha'g o-studia va.era?

Cycle !

Manipulation Phase

,:a-studig py. Let's study then.

TO THE STUDENT: .1a- plus the VE23 STEM makes the 'Let's... form.

repettion

Ja-studies py.
Ja-'6 py.
Na.-Fiete py.
py.

patterned response

hina. Ja-studig py fiandg aver. (Let's us study

then, too.)
o-hendia hina, Ilahendia py dandg aver.
hina- Na -rie py ilandg aver.
Ha'e he-'6 Ja-'4 DV dance avel.
 40

model

A-stadia-se-guarani. I want to study Guarani.

TO THE STUDENT: -se after the VERB means 'Want to VERB'. -se takes
the priwry stress.

patterned recoonse

Hare a-stadia-se guarani. Ha xe a-stadia-se avel guarani.

Ha e o-hen4u-se guarani. Ha xe a7hendu-s aver guarani.
Carlos o-here -se guarani. He xe a-he'e-se aver guarani.

Ore ro-stadia-se guarani' - Ha ore ro-stadia -se avei guaranT.

Ore ro-e'e-se guarani. Ha ore ro-rye' e-se aver guaranT.
Or ro-hendu-se guarani. Ha or ro7hendu=se a:val.-guarani.

model

A-stadia-se escuela-p.. I want to study at (in) School.

TO THE STUDENT: A NOUN plus -ze (-me after a stressed nasalized vowel)
means 'IN', AT or TO the NOUN.

substitution

escuela re a-stadia-se esucela-pe.

cafeteria Xe a-stadia-se cafeteria-pe.
dormitorio Xii a-stadia-se dormitorio-pe.
excuf.iado Xe a-stadia-se excusado-pe.
biblioteca Xe a-stadia-se biblioteca-pe.
hospital Xe a-stadia-se hospital-pe.
peluqueria re a-stadia-se peluqueria-pe.
hotel Xe a-stadia-se hotel-pes.
clase X& a-stadia-se clase-pe.
cancha Xe a-stadia-se cancha-pe.
model

Moo-pa re-stadia-se guarani? Where do you want to study

Guarani?

pa± ±erred response (choose either alternative)

model: Mod-pa re-studia-se guarani? Universidad-pe-pa terepa Paragugi-pe.

A-stadia-se guarani Paragugi-pe.

Mob-pa pe-stadia-se? Dormitorio-pe pa tera-pa bilbioteca-pe?

Ro-stadia-se biblioteca-pe.

Mod-pa re-We-se? Hotel-pe-pa terepa hospital-pe?

Morpa re-haga-se?, Cancha-oe-pa escuela-pe?

Mod-pa pe-71,e-se? Biblioteca-pe-pa tera-pa cafeteria-pe?

Moo-pa pe-scrivi-se? Dormitorio-pe-pa tera-pa clase-pe?

Moo-pa pe-mba.apo-se? Banco-pe-pa terepa escuela-pe?

dialog

A. Morpa re-stadia-se guarani? Where do you want" to sty

Guarani?

irs. A-stadia-se escuela-pe. I want to study (it) Pt school.

A. Ja-studig py. Let's study then.

Use Phase

listening for comprehension

Carlos o-stadia-se ingles universidad-pe.

Gladys.o-stildia-se guarani Paragugi-pe.
Ha xe a-stadia-se guarani Paragugi-pe aver.
Gladys ha xe ro-Hele pord-se guarani-me.
appropriate response.

Mba'e'pa Carlos o-stadia-se?

MoC-pa haq or.stadia -sif?
Gladys-pa c-stadia-se ingles aver.?
Mba'e-pa.ha'e o-stadia-se?
VI-pa a-stadia-se guarani aveT?
R, -ne'e porn -se" pa guarani?
Nde'pa re=stadia-se guarani?
Re-he'6 pord-se-pa guarani?
Mob-pa re-stadia-se guarani?

Cycle 5

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe ai-kuag . I know,
Nde re: -kuag. You know.
Hee of -kuag, He knows.

TO THE STUDENT! I-VERBS require 1 on the regular prefixes.;

conversion

Ai-kuag guarani. Xe ai-kuag guarani.

Oi-kuag guarani. ---Mba'6? Ha'e of -kuag guarani.
Rei-litai guarani. Nde reiAtuag guarani.
Pei -kuag guarani, ---Mbace? Pe"6 pei-kuag guarani.
Roi -kuag, guarani, ---Mba'e? Or roi-kuag-guarani.
Jai-kuag guarani. ---Mba'e? Nand jai-kuag guarani.
 43

Patterned response

Nde-pa rei-kuag guarani? Hee. Xe ai-kuag guarani.

Ha'e-pa of -kuag guarani? Hee. Ha'e of -kuag guarani.
Pee-pa pei-kuag guarani? Hee. Or roi-kuag guarani.
Ore-pa roi-kuag guarani? Hee. Pee pei-kuag guarani.
Nande-pa jai-kuag guarani? Hee. Nand jai-kuag guarani-

model

Ai-kuag Carlos-pe. I know Carlos.

TO THE STUDENT: The. Spanish for Ai-kuag Carlos-pe is 'Coaozco a Carlos.'

Where the Spanish requires 'a' before the NOUN, Guarani requires --Es
after the NOUN.

repetition

Xe ai-kuag Carlos-pe. - Mava-pe? Ai-kuag Carlos-pe.

Ha'e of -kuag Carlos-pe. -Mavo-pe? Oi-kuag Carlos-pe.
Nde rei-kuag Carlos-pe2 -Mava-pe? Rei-kuag Carlos-pa.
Or roi-kuag Carl -pe. - Mava-pe? Roi-kuag Carlos-pe.
Pee pei-kuag Marla-pe. -Mava-pe? Pei-kuag Marfa-pe.
Rande jai-kuag Marfa-pe. - Mava-pe? Jai-kuag Maria-pe,-

patterned. response

Nde-pd rei-kuog Carlos-pe? Hee. Xe ai-kuag Carlos-pe;

Ha'e-pa of -kuag Carlos-De? Hee. Ha'e of -kuag Carlos-pe.
Pee-pa pei-kuag Carl5s-pe? Hee. Or roi-kuag Carlos-pe.
Ore-pa roi-kuag Maria -pe?. Hee. Pee pei-kuag Marfa-pe.
Nande-pa jai-kuag Maria-pe? Hee. Nande jai-kuag Maria-pe.

odel

Ai-kual pora lxu-pe, I know him well.

TO THE STUDENT: In Guarani, certain modifiers like Dora follow the VERB.
 44

reDeti,-ion

Ai-kuaa pore Carlos-pe.

Pei -kuaa pore Carlos-pe.
Oi-kuel pore. Carlos-pe.
Poi -kuaa pore Carlos-p.e-
Pei-kuaa pore Carlos-pe.
Jai-kusA pore Carlos-pe,

conversion

Ai-kual pore guarani. Mbaq? Xe.ai-kuaa pore guarani.

Oi-kuaa pore. guarani. -Mba2e? Hee of -kuaa pore guarani.
Rei-kuaa pore. Ingle's, -Mbate? Nde rei-kuaa pore ingles`.
Roilkuaa pore ingles. -Mbaq? Or roi-kuaa pore ingles.
Pei-kuaa pore ruso. -Mba'ei Pee pei-kuaa pore ruso.
Jai-kuaa pore chino. - Mbave? Nande jai-kuaa pore chino.

DwAerned response

model: Nde-pa rei-kual pore Carlos-pe? Hee, ai-kuaa pore ixu-De.

drill: Haq-pa oi-kuaii. pore Carlos-pe? Hee, of -kuaa pore txurpg.

Perpa-pei-kuaa po!qi guarani? Hee, roi-kuaa pore txu-pe.

Org-pa roi-kuaa pora ingles? He pei-kuaa pore Ixu-Pe.

gande jai-kuaa pore guarani? Hee, jai-kuaa porn ixu-pe.

lexical substitution

re-kuag Rei-kuag-pa Carlos-pe?

re-hexg (see) Re-hexg-pa Carlos-pe?
rei-pytyvo (help) Rei-pytyvb-pa Carlos-pe?

patterned response

Rei-kuag-pa Carlos-De? Naheniri, pero ai-kuaa-se xu-pe.

Re-hexg-pa Carlos-pe? Naheniri, pero a-haxa,se xu7pe.
Rei-pytyv;fpa Carlos-pe? Naheniri, pero ai-lOtyvo-se xu-pe.
 Use Phase

directed discourse

1. E-poranda (,name)-pe of -kuag-pa CarlOs-pe

2. E-porandf.1 1:;:u-pe of -kuag-pa Maria-pe avel.
3. E-poranda (name)-pe rei-kuag-pa karat Peralta.
E-porandll Ixu-pe rei-kuag-pa kung - karat Peralta avel.-
5. E-poranda A-ye ai-kuag-pa iNu-pe kuera avel.
6. E-porandil ore -ve rotuag-pa (name)-pe.
7. E-porandil xe7ve ai-kuag-pa (name)-pe:
8. E-poranda (name) -pe pet-kuag-pa txu-pgavel.

1. Ask (name) if he knows (name).

2, Ask (name) if (name) knows(Damel.
,3. Ask me and (name) if we know him too,
-4. Ask me ff I know (name).
5, Ask (name) and (name) if they-know (name).
6, z.sk Cname) if you two know me.
j. .k::k (name) if you two know us.
E. 'Find out who knows (name) well.
9. have (name) ask if `name) knows (name).
10. i:tve us ask them if they know him to
11. Have (name) ask you if you know (name),

15-stellEa1IELaEL21
Y.g a'- uaa pore: karat Gomez -p' ride rei7kuaa por'elxu-Pg avef.
Stroessner of -kuaa pore Lyndon Johnson-pe.

app.L2pziate response

o:;-kuaa pore Lyndon Johnson-pe?

d6-pa, rei-kuaa porn lx}:,-p6?
lei-kuaa-pa era; Gomez-pc?
Presidente Stroessner-pe avel?
tiara) Graham-De?
X6.1o, s-kuag ':xu-pe?

-4
 46

Cycle 6

Manipulation Phase

model

MAva-pa oi-pyty,r^ Gladys-pe? Who helps Gladys?

Substitu+ion

o:-;ytyvti Mdva-pa oi-pytyvo Gladys-pe?

o-hexes Mdva-pa o-hexes Gladys -pe?
of -kuag Mdva-pa of -kuag Gladys-pe?

model

Mava-pe-pa Gladys oi-pr,yv:...? -Who does Gladys help?

TV THE STUDENT: mdvs-pe'pa 'who?' (d'rect object 'wham' in formal

English.)

subst-!tut:on

=i -pytyv Mava-pe-pa Gladys oi-pytyvo?

o-hexes Mava-oe-pa Gladys o-hexes?
of -kung Mdva-pe-pe-Gladys of -kuag?

dialog

A. Nava .pa o1-pytyvo hint :.11adys-ps?

B. Carlos oi-py'rr5 Nina xu-pe,
A. Ea mAva-pe-pa Gladys oi-py+yva.
B. Beg oi-pytyvt Mar!7a-pe.
 47
Use Phase

listcsn4ng f'cr comprehension

Xe ai-pytyvb Maraa.pe, ha ha 'e oa-pytyvo Carlos-pe.

appropriate response

Mava-pa ci-pytyv6 Marie

Mgva-pe-pa Maria oi-pyiyv5?
nde r-_i-pytyvb- hina?
Mava-pe-pa nde re -hexes?
Mava-pe-pa ha'eo-fiendd hfna?

Cycle 7

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe a-he'e mixi mi. I speak a little.

patterned response

model: Xe ,7:ora. Ha nde? Xe a-fie'e mixi mi.

Ha'e c-ne'g pera. Ha nde? Ore ro-fie' e miximi.

Xe a-fie'a mixi mf. Ha nde? Xe a-fie'; pora.

Ha'e o-he'a mixi mt. Ha nde? Or ro-fie'e pora

drill: Xe a -ne's pora. He. ndg? . Xe a-fieie mixi m1 .

Ha'e o-fie'e pora. Ha xe? Nde re-fie' e mixi mi.

Or ro-he';' pores. Ha ha'e? Ha'e mixi mi.
Fide re-he'e pora. Ha ore? Pee pe-fie'e mixi mi.
Ore ro -he' pora. Ha pee? Or ro-he'emixi mi.

Carlos o-fie' e pora. Ha nde?. Xe a-:fie' e mixi mi.

Pride re-he'e pc-a. Ha Carlos? Carlos c-ne,16 mixi mi.
 David n_ -tie:pora. Ha xe? Ndg re-have mixi mi.
Xg a-fie'e Fora. Ha David? David o-fieve mixi mi.
Or ro,he'e ipora. Ha Juan? Juan o-fie' e mixi mi.

Xe a7leg mdxi mi Ha ride? a-l4 pora.

CarlOs-leg mixi mi. Ha have? Have o-lee pord.
Ndg re-leg mixi mi. Ha xg? Ndg re-lee pord.
Ore ro-leg mixi mi. lia.nee? Or ro-lee pord.
Pee pe-leg mixi mi.- Ha org? Pee pe-lee pord.
David. o-2e6 mixi mi. Ha Carlos? Carlos /8-lee pora.
6' X4 ha DaIridr:.-leg mixi mi:
Ha. fiaP: liavg o-lee Pord.

re a-leg mdxd mi inglgs ha guarani.

Ha'g o-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarani.
Nde re-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarAni.
Peg pe-le4 mixi ml inglgs ha guarani.
Org r3-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarani.

Ndg re -lee mixi mi inglgS ha guarani

Have o-reg m.xi mi ingles ha guarani.
Xg a-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarani.
Or ro-leg mixi ml inglgs ha guarani.
Peg pe-leg mixi mi ingligs ha guarani.

Ndg pora alemgn ha karai-tie.

Ha.:4 pora alemgn_ha karal-here,
rg A-le? pora .alemilr ha karalL-hele:
Or ro-le4 Fora aletgn ha karai-^e' e.
Pe& pe-lee po,-a alemgn ha karal-fieve.

Xg a-lee pore- alemln ha karal-fie'e.

Have pora alemgn ha karai-neoe,-
Ndg re-le4 pora alemgn ha karat-te'e.
Pee pe-1. . D r3 alemgn.ha_karal-fie'e.
Or ro-lee pora alemgn ha karal-h-ev,

model

Ndepa re-he'le guarani? Do you speak Guarani?

 4q

;,-,attermed,response

model: Nde -pa re-ne'e guarani? A-ae'e mixi,mi. (or: pord.)

Ha'g-pa o-nee guarani?. mixi mi. (or: o-??e'4 Dora.)

drill: -X4-pa a-fie e guarani? Re-He'e mixi mi. 'tor: re-riel pore...)
Pee-pa pe-he'e guarani? Ro-he'e mixi mi. (or: ro-fie'E pord.)
Ore-pa ro-ne'e guarani? Pe-he'e mixi mt. (or: pe-fie' e pord.)

Carlos-pa 7,-scrivf ingles? 0-scrivi mixi mi. (or: o-scrivi pora,)

_David-pa o-scrivr. alemgn?
Aide ha Carlos-pa pe- scrivi
guarani?
Xe ha. David-pa ro-scrivf
,Tuarani?
Nde-pa re-scrivr ruso?
Ha'e-pa o-scrivf alemgn?
Nde-pa re-scrivr guarani?
0-scrivi mixi mi.' (or: o-scrivl pord.)
Ro-scrivr mixi mi. (or ro-scrivi pore.)
Pe-scrivr mixi mi. (or pe-scrivi pord)
A-scrivr mixi mi. (or: a-scrivi pord.)
0-scrivi mixi mi. (or: o-scrivi pore-)
A-scrivi mixi mi. (or: a-scrivl pora.)

Carlos o-ntende mixi mi. Ha nde?

David o-ntende mixi mi. Ha ha'e?
Xe ha ']arlos ro-ntende mixi mi. Ha pee?
Nde ha David pe-ntendg mixi mi. Ha ore?
Nde re-ntendemixd mi. Ha Xe?
Carlos ha xe_ro-ntende mixi mi. Ha ndeZ
-Pea pe-ntende mixi mi. Ha ha'e?

Xe a-ntendg mixi ml (or: a-ntendrpora)

Ha'e o-ntende mixi mi aver. (or: o-ntende pora)
Ore ro-ntende mixi mi aver. (or: ro-ntende .pora)
Pee pe-ntende mixi mi aver. (or: pe-ntende pore.)
Nde-rs-ntende mixi mi avel, (or: re-ntende pord)
Xe a-ntende mini mi aver. (or: a-ntende pora)
Ha'e o-ntendg mixi ml aver. (or: o-ntende'pora)

patterned response.

model: Ndg-pa re-lee,ingles? Nahaniri, X4 a-lee guarani.

Pee-pa pe-hugg pelota? NahL_iri. Ore ro-hugg beisbol.

drill: Nag-pa re-lee alemgn? Nandniri. Xe-a-lee gdarani.

Ha'e-pa o7lee alemg.n? Nandniri. Ha'e-o-legguarani.
Xe-pa a-leg alemgn? Naha:nit:1, Ncie re-lee guarani.
Ore7pa ro-ieg alemgn? Nahaniri, Pee pe-lee guarani
Pee-pa pe-leg alemen? Nah&nuri. Org ro-lee guarani.-
 Carlos'pa = -lee :ngles? Nahaniri. Carlos o-leg guarani.
David-pa o;-lee ruses.? Nahaniri. David o-lee ingles.
ride ha Hate-pa le-lee
gur4rani. Nahaniri. Ure ro-lee ingles.
.X4 ha Carl-s pa ro-lee
ngles. Nahaniri. Pee pe-lee guarani.

Ndg-pa re-hugg beisbol? Nahaniri, Le a-huger pelota. I

Haee-tia, %-tugg beishol? Nahanri. Have o-hugg pelota.
Xe-pa a-hug g beishol? Nahaniri. Nde re-hugg pelota.
Ore-pa ro-hugg Nahaniri. Pee pe-huger pelota.
Pei pa pe-hugg beisbol? Nabaniri. Or ro-hugg pelota.

Cycle

Manipulation Phase

model

Hate kuera o-studig. They study.

Ha0 kuera ci-k6 Paregugi-pe. The y live in Paraguay.
)

TO THE STUDENT: kugre is a pluralizer Ha'e knera is th.l.rd person plural or

'they'. Kuer.a takes the prir..1a-y stress. Note also that Have kuera takes _the
same PERSON PREFIX as Ha-4:

substitution

guarani Ha'e kuera o-studies guarani.

chino Hee kuera o-studies chino.
japones Ha'e kuera o-studies japones.
ruso - Have kuera o-studig ruso.
metemgticas Ha'e kuera o-studig matemgticas.
Hate kuera o-studig.psi6ologia.
pat.i.e.ra:,d response

model. Nand; ja-studig guarani.

Cars ha Gladys o-studiagUaraniaver.
Ha'e kuera :-studia guarani aver.

drill: Pee pei-ki.,ag karal-ne'e.

Ha e kuera of -kuag karat -lie 'e aver.

Ore ro-nee ingles.

Ha' Ai kuera o-lie e ingles avel.

model

Pero o- mba.aptS hina Utah -De- But they are working in Utah -

repetition or substitution

Xe--Paragugi X& ai-kO Paragugl-pe pero a-mba,ao6 hina Utah-pe.

Nde rei-k6 Boiiria -pe pero re-mba.ap6 hina Utah-pe.
Ha"g--Paragu4 Here of -k5 Paraguay -pe pero o-mba.ap6 hina Utah-pe-
CAsunciOni
Cr4--Africa Ore roi-k5 Africa-pe pero ro-mba.ap5 hina Utah-pe.
Nande--Costa Rica Mande jai -k^ Costa Rica-pe pero na-mba,ap6
Utab-pe.
Pe-6--Fusia pero pe-mba.gp6 hina Utah -pie.
Ha."e. kugra--E' asi1 Ha'e kuera oi-k5 Brasil-pe pero o-mta.apO hina
Utah -pe.

patterned response

.Nde-pa rei-k6 Pro'ro -pe? Nahaniri. -Xe ai-k5 Paragugi-pe, pero

Ha..6-pa oi-ko Africa-p,.?
.Pe4'pa pei-k6 Denver-pe?
Nande'pa jai-k5 Japan -pe?
Ha'ZI kuera-pa oi-k6 Pusla-pe?
Ore-pa roi-k5 NVihico-pe?
ko'aga a-mba_ap6 hina Provo-pe,
Nahaniri. Ha'e of -kO Paragugi:pe, pero
ko'aga o-mba.a.p6 hina Africa-pe.
. Nahaniri, O:' roi-k5.Paragugi7pe; pero .
ko'g.ga ro-mba.ap5 hina Denver -pe...
Nahanlri. Nande jai-k5 Paragugi-pe, pero
k-laga na-mba.ap6 hina Japon pe.
_ Nahanlri, Ha'e kugra oi-k6 Paragugi-pe,
pero, ko'aga o-mba.ap6 hina
Nahaniri. Pee pei-k6 .Paragugi-pe, pero
ko'aga ro-mba,ap5 hina Mehco-pe,
model

of -k6 ha' ;'1 kuera? Where do they live?

reoet!tion or conversion

Mod-pa .o--.1c5. kuera? Moo-pa hace*kuAra of -k6?

Mo6'15a nef-k5 pee? Moo-pa pee'pe-k6?
Mo,5'pa re-k5 ndil? Moo-pa nde rei -k6?
Mod"D3 o. -k6 Carlos? Moo-pa. Carlos
Mofpa jaa-k5 hande: -Mob-pa nand?
Moo-pa r7.,i-tk6` x;; Tiadys? Mob pa xe ha Gladys roi-k6:4

pat' erned res

Mob-pa rei-k5 nde? X4 ai-k6 .Paragugi=pe,

Mob-pa hee of -k6? HF:6 of -k6 Paragu4i-pe,
Mcn-pa pe-e Pei -k? Dr6 ParagUgi-pe.
Moo-pa or roi-k5? Pe4 pei-k5 Paregug.i-pe.
Mob-pa nand jai -k5? Nand' jai-k5 Paragugd-ne.
MoC-pa ha'Z kuera Ha'e kuera of -k^ Parag,igi-p

Tjc,:e Phase

directed discourse

1. E-po,.andil 'name)-pe o.-k5-pa Californ a-pe.

2 Fe-poranal 1 xu-p4 nr"c. pa bi-k6..
3. E-porandil xe-ve moO'paond4 rei-k5,
L. E-porand5 or4-ve M:pa roi-k6c
5. E-porandil (,name) -pe xe Utah -p
6. E-porandil moc pa xe

iatzE2WAIE
lc Ask (name) if he 11,,e in Co1-;rado,
7. Ask him where he live."
3, Ask if rname lives :n Coloradc.
4, Ask him where (nam,..''iLives,
5. Ask name and (name if they live in Utah.
6. Ask me if you live in Chicago.
7. Find out who lives in Florida.
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 Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

rode:

At -k? mcre-nte I live (am) just fine.

TO THE STUDENT: -Ik5.also means to '3e getting along° or 'Doing! as in

'I'm getting along flne, 'I'm doing fine.' etc.

patterned response

Nde-pa rei-k8 pore? Hge, ai-k5 pore-nte.

Ha'&-pa of -k5 pore? Hee, of -k.o pore. rite.
Pee "pa pel-k8 pore? Hee, roi-k25 por. -nte.
Ore-pa rol-kO pore.? Hee, pei-kO pores -nte.
i;ande-pa jai-k6 pork? Hee, jai-kO pore. -nte.
Carlos-pa of -k6 pork? Hee, of -ka porgy: -nte.

model

Mba'e ixa-pa rei-k5? How are (you) living (doing)?

repetition or conversion (Add the correct pronoun at the end:

Example: a) Mba'e rei-kei?
b) Mba'e ixa-pa rei-k6 nde?)

Xna'e nde rei-k6?

Mba."_4 ixa pa ha'e
Mba'e ixa'pa pee pei-k5?
Mba'e ixa-pa ha'i kuera-ci-k6?
Mba'e ixa-pa rarlos of -k5?
Mba'e ixa-pa hard jai-k6?
 A. fxa na re.-k6? Eow are (you) doing?
3. Al-k5 p->::-a-nte, ±a n(16? I'm doing just fine. And you?
A, ppra-nte aveT I'm doing just fine too.

Use Phase

dire,-ed

1> E-poranthl :name) -pe mba'e ixa-pa

2. E-porandil '.7xu-pe mba'8 ixa-pa oi-k6 karat Gomez.
E-morand=:1 x6-ve mba';i1 ai-k6
4. E-b-Drandl x6-v. mba.'4 :xa-na of -k5 ha'e kuera.

interpreting

1 Ask now I am
2. Ask enamel h.a am,
3. Ask ri.ame) how '7ar::s and Gladys are.
4. Ask how I study Gua:-an.,
5, Ask what my name :s.
6, Ha-e ame) ask b'w name) is-
7. (..aname) as whs.' you name ls-

anprpriate reF-tor e

1. Mba e :xa-pa
2, (Nameta p-ra?
3. Mba:6 ixa'pa r>a"e kuera.oi-k5?
4. Pei-kuai-Pa mba16 Ixa-pa oi-k6 (name)?
5. Rei-kua5.'pa rid.6 pora-pa ha'6?
 translation

1. Eo'aga a-studig bins. Now I'm studying.

Pfl .Mba'4-pa re-studig hina ko'aga? What are you.studying now?
3. Mba'A-pa pej-it'hna? what are you-all saying?
4. Nand habe'e.hTna guarani-me. We (incl) are speaking in Guarani.
5 Car2Ds:1-ne' hina ingies-Te. Carlos is talking in English.
6. Nand& tia-"I; ve.erl guarani-me. We (incl) ought to talk in Guarani.
7. Ore ro-studi'a va.era ko'aga, We (excl) ought to study now.
8. Ja-stwiig py hand& avei. Let's us study then too.
9. X4 a-he'e-s4 guarani'-me. . I want to speak in Guarani.
10. Mo"(5-pande res+adia-eg guarani? Where do you want to study Guaranf.?
11. Carlos oi-kuag guarani.- Carlos knows Guarani.
12. Nand pore Marla-pe. We (incl) know Maria well.
13 Ndg-pa rei-kuag Julia-pe? Do you know Julies
14. Org Denver-pe. We (excl) live in Denver.
15. Morpa of -k5 hate? Where does he livk?
16. Mba'g lxapa pe-k5 pe'e? How are you -all getting along?
17. Roi-k5 pore -nte... We're getting along just fine.
Mba'4 !xa-pa nde-sera? What's your name?
Xe-;4ra Bob. My name is Bob.

appropriate response

1. Nde-pa re-stud.:4. tofna karat ne'e ko'aga?

.2. Mba'4"pa hina':
3. Ndg-ma-re-he e aveT nna guaran -me?
4. .Nandg-pa ja-s`. udia guarani?
5. Ha'g-pa o-ne'e vaera ko'sge
6. Mba'4-pa pe=stuia "a .era ko-Eiga?
7, Nde-pa guarani?
8, Pee-pa pe-e-se guarani-me?
9. Mba'e-pa er-,5.-s4 guarani-me.
10. MoO-pa re-stilAia-se guarani?
11, Ndepa rei-kuag Carlos-pe?
12. Nandg-pa jai-kuag guarani.
13. Nde'pa rel-kuaA porn inglgs?
1L, Nd4-pa rei-kuaa pore portugugs.
15. Mo8-pa rei-k5 ndg?
16. Ndg-pa rei-k6 Paragugi-pe?
17, Mba'g ixapa pel-k5 pee?
18. Rei-k5 porA-nte-pa?
19. Cap-). Ds -pa of -k5 pora-nte?
20. Mbalg ixa-pa nde-rgraY
21. 2e'_ -kusa'pa xara! Carlos Espfnola-pe?
22. Me` -pa o-Mba,sp5 hina ko'age
23 Fe-mba.ap6-pa ndg aver Utah-peY
24. Nd8-pa rei-ko-s4 Paragugi-pe?
25. Pe-karil-pa cafeteria-pe sera hotel-pe?
 :7
Cycle 10

Manipulation Phase

Xe Nueue- York gug. I'm from New York. (or: I'm

a New Yorker.),

Xg Cuerp7 de Paz-Pe glIg I'm a volunteer of (from in

voluntaric. the Peace Corps.

TO THE STUDENT: Fug 'mens 'from' or of in the sence of 'terived from

or originating partaining to.' Gug most frequently translates as
de fn Spansh-

patterned resPtt-se,

Ndg-pa Paraguz gu57 Nandniri, xe Norteamerica gug.

Ha'g-pa Paragua: gug?
Ore -pa Bolivia gug7
Xe-pa a-pe g+; a?
Pee pa Cuerp-7, Paz-pe gug?

model'

Mo5 gu.g pa nde? Where are you from?

Mba'e-pe gug-ma nde' What are you associatedwith?

Use Phase

appropriate response

1. Mo6 gug-pa nde?

2. Ms5 Asa -pa Ca:los?
3. gug-pa ha-4?
4, Boston gug'pa nde?
5. Xg a-pe gug, ajg:pa?
6, Nande Cuerpc de Paz -pe gug volunt4rio kugra, aje-pa?
7, XgNISTA-pe gug voluntaric, ajg'pa?
8. Mba'e-pe gug organisaci5n-pa ha'6?
 REINFORCrovvNT STAGE

Games and Contests

WHO, WHERE and WHAT

Half the class (the 'outsiders') leaves the

room. The other s+t.dents (the 'insiders.)
are e ch assigned five characteristics:

1. a new name (ndg nd 4.tra John

2. an activity
re- studies hina dormitorio-pe
3. a place

4. a desired e,ctivity
re-mba.apo-s6 cafeteria-pe
5. a place

The -outsiders' are then called back Ingo the

room. Each one pairs off with one 'insider'
and tries to get the five characteristics as
smoothly as possible

Role Playing

One minute is given for each student to prepare to answer questions

about:

(1) his name.

(2) where he lives.

(3) what he studies.

(4) where he studies.

(5) how he studies.

(6) what he is studying now.

(7) at he should be studying.

(8) whether he knows Portuguese

 (9) where he works.

(10) where re eats.

Then eafn. student paired with another and they play the role of meeting
ft- 'he ttme.

iou have chosen a place to study. Get your friend to study with you

Finti out what =your friend is studying and tell him what Ire ought to study
n...)w a= 1. .=,13. aF what y-,u. are studying.

one claFs member tow the other members and groups of members live
Asl!.

using all knnwn prnnouns,

Mba4 ixa-pa'rei-ko
of -k6 et

"n."4,4140

Jos Martinez, avy- Jos Martinez, I'm glad to know

L________

model

rose a-press.nta-5,g td6 ve petel Jose, I'd like to introduce a

xe-amigc: friend of mine:

-----
model

Juan Gonzaleiigualmente. Juan Gonzalez, here.

1

A. Jose, a-presenta-s4 ride-ye peter . e - azn g o

B.. ...Tos4 Martinez, a-vy'a vD,

C. - Juan Gonzalez, igua.'mente.
 0
REVIEW STAGE

Translation

A. How (are you)?

B. Just fine. And you?
A. Just 1:ne too.

A. What's your name?

B. My name's Mr. (name).- And you?
A. My name's Mr. (name).
B. happy to knowyou.

A. Are you - studying Guarani?

B. Yes, I'm studying Guarani:
A. Are you studying English too?
B. No. He's studying English.

A. Are you talking in tnglish?

B. 'No, we're talking in Guarani.
A. In Guarani? That's good.

A. Study:
B. (Who) meY
A. You.

A. Study!
B. (Who) us?
A. You.

A. Listen a bit.
B. Me? I'm listening.

A.. Alberto should be studying Spanish

B. And what should we be studying?
A. We should be studying Guarani.

A. Where do you want to study Guarani?

B. I want to study (it) at'school.
A. Let'6 study then.

A. Do you know Carlos?

B. Yes, I know him well.

A. How are (you) doing?

B. I'm doing just fine. And-you?
A. I'm doing just fine too.
 moistening In

A, Re-l'i.e'e-pe ni:na guaranI-me ko'ilga?

B. Upe ixa hina.
A. Rei-kuad.pa mba'e ixa-pa 'mosca' guarani-me?
B. Nahandri. Br mi xe-ve.
.Mosca'
3, Mteril.
A. Oi-por'd. Re -Here pore.
Rei-ko porepa Paragugi-pe?
B. Upe ixa hina.
Ai-ko pord xe-gusta iterei.

Pronunciation Practice

Stress

A. Arg Ara
Karat Kargi.
Peing. Peina
Aina Aina

B. Kuhg Kuide-karat
Karat Karal-fie'e
0-studies 0-stadia-se
O,; -apo 0j-apo-se
0 -hugs. 0-bl:1ga-se
0-scrivi 0-scrivi-se
0-lee 0-lee-se
° 0-He'e 0-fi7e'e-se
I-pore _I -pyre mi
Pe-hendil Pe-hendumi
A-mba.ap6 A-mbe..apOse

Supplementary Practice

Xe a -bugs. beisbOl. Ha nde? Xe a-hugg beisbol aver.

Ha he.'4? Ha'e o-hugg beisbol aver.
Ha nee? Or ro-hugg beisbol avei.
Ha xe? Nde re-hugg beisbol aver,
Aa nde ha ha' e? Or ro-hugg beisbol avei.
Ha Carlos ha Juan? Carlos ha Juan o-hugg beisbol
avei.
Ha nde.ha Carlos? Or ro-hugg beisbol avei.
 GZ

Ha xe? ,:de re-hugg beisbol avel.

Ha .:.11ady ha juana? Gladys ha Juana o-hugg beisbol
aver.

Juana o-hugg beisbol. Ha nde? Xe a-hugg pelota.

Carlos ha Gladys o-hugg beisbol.
Ha pee? Or ro-hugg pelota.
Ha xe'' Nde re-hugg pelota avel.
Ndgre-hugg beisbol. Ha xe? Ndg re -hugs. pelota.
Or ro-hugg beisbol.. Ha pee? Or ro,hugg. pelota.
Carlos o-hugg b;isbol. Ha pee? Ore ro-hugs. pelota.

Xe a-hugg beisbol g-pe. Ha nde? A-jugg g-pe

Nde re-hugg beisbol . -pe. Ha fie? Re-pugg g7pe avel.
Carlos o-hugg beisbol g-pe. Ha Pee? Ro-hugg 6-pe avel.
Carlos ha 4 ro-hUgg beisbol a -pe.
Ha nde? A-hugg g-pe avel.
Peg pe-hugg bEllsbol g-pe, Ha Carlos? 07huggl-pe
Carlos ha Juan o-huga beisbol a -pe.
Ha pre? Pe-hugg g-pe avei.

Ha Carlos? 0-hugg"g-pe avel.

Ha xe ha Juan'? Pe-hugg a -pe avel..
Or ro-hugg beisbol g-pe. -Ha pea? Ro-hugg g7pe avel.
Peg pe-ftugg.g-De. Ha ha'6? U-hugg a -pe avei.
Ha xe? Re-hugg g-pe aver.

Xe a-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha nde? Xe a-hugg beisbol pe-pe avel.

Nde re-hugg bgisbol p6-pe. Ha Carlos?
Or& ro-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha pee?
Pee pe-hugg beistbl pe-pe. Ha xe?
Carlos ha jusn o-hugg beisbol pe-pe.
'Ha ndeY.
Ha ore?
Carlos o-huga pg-pe avel.
Or ro-hugs. De-Pe avel.
Nde re-hugg'belabol pe-pe avel.
Xe a-hugg pe-pe avel.
Peg pe-hugg pe-pe aver.

Xe a-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha ha'5? O-hug g bgisbol pe-pe.

Nde re-hugg. beisbol pe-pe. Ha xe? Re-hugg pe-pe avel.
Xe ha Carlos ro-hugg.beisbol pe-pe.
Ha peg? P--hugg pe-pe avel.
Or ro-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha nde? gg pe-pe avel.
Pee pe-huggbeisbol pe-pe. Ha oreR P--augg pe-pe avel.
 63

COPL., E."AGE

ManiaLLon Phase

model

Ai-potg. petei lapis._ wantr s.

".4.4=11.

substitution

CP,T1 word pattern

lapis petei lapis.'

Oga (house) Ai-potg peter, CiE2,

voleto- Ai-potg peter voleto.

carro (ox cart) Ai-potg petei carro.

vosg (bolsa) Ai-potg peter vosg.

.sapatd ((shoe) Ai-potg petei sapatil.

camisf Ai-potg. petei camisS.

palangana (tub) Ai-pota palangana.

substitution
- ,
xe Xe ai.,-potg peter voleto.
ndg Nde rei-potg peter voleto.
bee lia."6 oi-potg peter voleto.
or Gre roi-pote. petel voleto.
Ean4e Nande jai-potg petei-voleto.
pee Pee pei-potg pets voleto. -

haq' ku4ra ia'e kuera oi-potg peter voleto.

 .44

repetition- conversion

1.' Ai-pot & petei livro. --Mba'e?

Xe ai-potg petzl livro.

2. Oi-poi:g petPi palangana. --Mba'e?

lia-24 oi-potg peter palangana.

3. ,Roi-potg petel Biblia. --Mbale?

Or roi-pot& peter Biblia.

4. Rei-potg peter vaca. --Mba'e?

Pe4 pei-pota- peter 'vaca.

5, Rei-potg peter cavagi. --Mbate?

Nde'rei-potg peter cavaji.

6., Jai-pot& peter ovexg. ---Mbate?

Nandi jai-pot g petei ovexg.

.loatterned response

1. Pei -pot pa peter. lapis? Nahaniri.. Xe ai-potg peter.

livro.

2. Oi-potg-pa peter lapis? Nandniri. Hate oi-potg peter.

livro.

3. Pei-potgpa petel lapis? Nahaniri. Or roi-potg peter

livro.

4. Roi-potg-pa peter lapis? Nahaniri. Pee pei-potg petei

livro..

1. Rei-potg-pa peter livro? Nahaniri. Xe ai-potg petql

lapis.,

2. Pei -pot pa peter livro? Nahaniri. Or roi-potg peter

lapis.

3. 0i7potg7pa peter livro? Ha'e oi-pota peter

lapis.
:model

ti

Mbalepa rei-pote ?. What do you want ?

221;terned response (choose either alternative)

Mba.e pa rei-potg ? Petei lapis-pa tera peter livro ?

Ai-potg peter livro.

_.'6-pa rei-potg ? Peter carta-pa tera peter voleto ?

Mba'e-pa nde rei-potg ? Peter 6ga -pa tera peter carro ?

Mba'e^pa ha'e oi-potg aetei sapatii tera peter camisa ?

Mba-e-pa pee pei-P-otg ? Petei vosa pai.tera peter voleto ?

Mba'e'pa fiande jad-pbtg Peter coche-pa tera petei 6ga ?ft

listeninz for comprehension

Juan Perez oik6 Los Angeles-pe ha o-mba,ap6 Hollywood-pe,-Parant

Studios-pe. Ha'e of -pots peter 6ga Hollywood-pe.

Jose Garcia of -k6 Hollywood-pe ha o-mba.ap6 Los Angeles-pe. Ha'e

oi-pota petei coch6-

appropriate reszial

1. Moo-pa of -kc'.1 Juan Perez ?

2. Ha morpa o-nata.ap6 ?

3. Mba'e-pa ha'e o.--Pote 9.

L. Oi-4-pa Jose Garc:::a Los Angeles-pe aver

5. Oi-potg-pa ha'e peter 6ga Lc_ Angeles-pe

6. Mba'e^pa nde rei-potg 9

7. Mob-pa rei-potg peti 6ga 9

 Cycle. 5

Mani_pulatior/7hase

model

a-jepoh6i hina ko'ai3a its. Ii wasting hands right no

substitution

jepoh6i .-jemoh6i hIna

- purah61 (sThe a-purah6i hina ko'Ea

karil hina it.

kt5 (sleep) a-kg 7n a ko'aa ite.

makanegi (fool ar--)nd) a-makane5.. hina koia-ga

pytu'u (re-st) a-1:ytu'u hina

natterned resnonse (choose either alternative)

Mba°6a rej-ap6 hTha Fe-purahei-pa hina.t&ra-na re-tudig. ?

Mbapa rej-ap6 hina Re-mba.apA'na hina tra-na re-mai,.anea hina ?

Mba"6-pa rej-ap', '7;inP 9 R,.-jepoh6i-pa hina t'era-t re-puran: hina ?

:Ibe'pa rej-an6 hina ? hIna talral-p.are-Dytu.',u hIna ?

 Use Phase

cii course

E-porandli (gra) -pe irbate-pa oj-api5 hina.

0-1e6--oa hina tera-Pa o-scrivi hina ?

E-porandil (;.6ra)-pe mba'e-pa oj-ap6

0-mba.ap6-pa hina o-ke hina ?

3. E-porandu (-Egza)-De oj-ap6 hina.

0-stud= 7.Pa hina tera-pa o-hugg. hina ?

Y. E-porandi:i ii.gra)-pe mba'e-Pa oj-ap6 hina.

0-make-leg-pa hina tera-pa o-pytu'u hina ?

F-poranel (tera)-pe mba'l-pa Jj-an6 hina.

'0-jepnhei-pa hinP t'era-pa hina ?

Cycle

Manipulation Phase

model

Mbai.g-pa ta ko'ero ? What will you do tomorrow ?

model

Kr) erc a-studig ta. Tomorrow. I'll study.

Future action:(will, going to, etc.) ib expressed

by ta after the -VERB.

69
 6e
aialo

A. Mbate-pa rej-ap6 hina ? What are you doing ?

B. A-studies hina uarani. I'm studying Guarani.

A. Mba'g-pa rej -ap6 ta kotero ? Wh7t are you going to do

tomorrow?

B. Kotero a.;-studig ta guarani I'm going to study Guarani

aver. tomorrow too.

patterned response

Mbaig-pa rej-ap6 ? Re-studig to ?

Hee, ko'aro a-Ltue:g ta,

Ha mbeg"pa re- studies f a ? Guarani-pa ?

Hee, a-studig ta guarani.
etc.

Ha mba'g7pa ha° c oj-ap6 ta ko'ero

Ha'g o-studies ta guarani aver.
etc.

Mbale-pa rej-ap6 ta Lules ? Re-leg to ?

Hee, lunes a-leg ta.

Ha Mba°4-pa re-leg 'a 'Patel livro-pa tara petei revista ?

A-leg ta petei
E

Ha mba'g-pa ha'g of -ap6. ta lunes ?

Ha'g o-leg ta netei lirro aver.
etc.

Mbaig-pa rej-ap6 ta martes ? Re-scr.,v1 ta-pa ?

Hee, martes a-scrivi ta.

Ha mba'g-pa re-scrivr ta ? Petei carta-pa ?

Hee, a-scrivi ta peter cartL.
etc. .

9
Mbee-pa rej-ap6 ta savado ? Rej,ap6 tq. pastel ?
-!
 Use Phase

directed discourse (free response)

1. E7porandil (igra)-pe mba'e-pa of -aD6 ta ko'ero.

2. E-porandil ( ;era) -pe mbatg-pa o-stuaig ta lures.

3. E-porandU (i.era)-pe o-scrivf ta domingo.

E-porandil (+Ara)-pe Mba"e-pa o-lee ta viernes.

5. E- porand (-tera)-pe o-studig to guarani jueves.

6. E- porand (sgra)-pe of -ap6 ta-pa pastel ko'ero.

7. E-porandil (feral -pe of -ap6 ta-pa pastel ko"dr° tera-pa lures.

8. E-porandia (tera)-pe o-scrivi ta-pa carta ko'ra tera ko'ero.

9. E- porand (tera)-pe o-pytu'u ta-pa ko'aga tare. ko'ero.

10. E-perandu Cgra)-pe o-h guarani clase-oe ko'dro.

etc.

interpreting

1. Have (name) ask (name) if he's going to study tomorrow.

2. Have (name) ask (name) if Ile's going to eat in the hotel on Sunday.

3. Have (name) ask (name) if he's going to work in the cafeteria on Saturday.

4. Have (name) ask (name) if he's going to rest in the barber shop or in the
hospital.

etc,

listening for comprehension.

Carlos o-pytu'u Nina dormitorio-pe. Ko'aga ha'6 pero o-hugg

pelota cancha-pe. Ko'(3ro domingo, ha na'e o-k6 ta.

71
 appropriate response

1. Mba'g-pa oj-am5 hina Carlos ?

2. Moo-pa o-pytu'u ?

3. Mba'&-pa oj-apo-se ?

4. Mba'e-pa oj-ap5 va.er& ?

5. Moo" pa o-hugg va.era pel6ta:??

6. Mba'g-pa oj-ap5 to ko'ero ?

7. Mba'g-pa ndg rej-ap6 hina ?

8. Ha mba'g-pa rej-apo-sg ko'ero ?

9. Rej-ap6 ta-pa pastel sgvado ?

10. Mbatg-pa rej-ap6 hina ?,Re-mba.ap6-pa hina tera-pa re-hugg hina ?

11. Re-studig-pa hina tera-pa re-makaneg hina ?

12. Re-hendia-pa hina tera-pa re-ke hina ?

13. Re-purahgi-pa hina tara-pa re-sapukgi hina ?

14. Re-pensg-pa hina tera-pa re-karil hina ?

15. Mba'g-pa rej-4o-sg hina ? Rei-Mba.apo-se-pa tera-pa re-hiaga-sg ?

16. Rerke-sg-pa rera-pa re-karu-sg ?

17. Re-jepohei-se-pa tera-pa re-karu-sg ?

18. He-Ota-sg-pa t7.1ra-pa re -se -se

19. Re-makanea-sg-pa ter-a-pa re-stadia -sg ?

20. Rej-apo-sg-pa pa 1 tera-pa re-fie'e-se guarani ?

 7/

Cycle 7

Manipulation Phase

model

Ara "
e pa pei-pot g aj-apc5? What do you-all want me to do?

TO ThE STUDENT: Study the folldwing sentences.

Rei-note a-studig. You want me to study.

Rei-potg xe a-studies. You want me to study.

Ai-potg re-Ee'e. I want you to speak.

Ai-potg ride re-ne'e. I want you to speak.

Ha'g oi-potg roj-ap6. . He wants us tb do it.

ha'g of -potg ore raj -ape5. He wants us'to do it.

Sometimes the pronoun is put in for emphasis.

translation

1. What do you want me to do? Mba-g-pa rel-potg. ajap6.9

2. What do you want me to do? Mba'4-pa rei-potg x4 aj-apc5?

3. What do you want me to study? Mbaig-pa rei-potg a-studies?

4. What do you want bim to study? Mbaig-pa rei-potg haeg o-studies?

5. What does he want you to read? Mba'e-pa oi-potg nag re-leg?

patterned response

model: Ai-potg re-Le'e guarani-me clase-pe. A-fie-hea ta.

drill: Ai-potg pe-te'e guarani-me clase-pe. Ro-fie'e ta.

Ai-potg o-ne'e guarani -me clase-pe, 0-he'e ta,
 7Z

model: Oi-pc.tg ha-flay& guarani-me. Na -fiefe ta.

drill: Oi-potg. re=he'e guarani-me.

Oi-pots ro-hat& guarani -me.
Oi-pots pe-hen& guarani-me.

1. k-he'& ta ingles-ne. NahAniri, Ai-potg re-fiet& guarani-me.

2. Ro-tiet& ta ingles-pe. NahAniri. Ai-potg pa4fie'e guarani-ma.

3. 0-he'& ta inglgs-pe. Nahamiri. Ai-potr. o-fia'é guarani-me.

A-fieY& ta inglev-pe. Oi-potg re-fi guarani -me.

0, Ro-he'a ta inglgs-pa. Nahaniri. Oi-potg pe-fiete guarani-me.

3. Na -heY& ta, ingles-pe. Nananiri. Oi-potg fia-fia'& guarani -me.

(answer affirmatively)

Jose o-rnktneg Nina, Rei-pc.i-p

Junn o-ke hIna- Rei-potg7pa

Carlos o-pytu'u. Rai-potg'pz -mba.at6 ?

Roberto o-jepohei. Rei7potg-pa ?

kzxls o-purahei. Rei-nctg'pa c4d.rirI ?

1. Mba-e-pa rei-potg aj-apb ? Ai-potg re-fie.& guarani-me.

2._ MbaYe-pa re -pota\roj-ap6 ? Ai-potg pe-fia'6 guarani-me,

3. rei-potg of -api5 ? Ai -po = o-Re'e guaru4I-me.

 73
1. Mba'e-pa pei-ootg, ro Roi-potg pe;-_fie'e guarani-me.

2. pei-pot's Roi-poig guarani-me.

3. Mbee-pa pei-potg aj--.,,1,6 Ttoi-potg re-fie'e guarani-me.

Use Phase

directed discourse

1. E-porandil (;.era,;-pe mbs'e-pe )3.-potg rejap6.

2. E-1.rorandl 1-potg. xe aj-ap6.

3. E-poranda lxu-oe mba'e- a-studig.

E-porandil xe-ve mba'e-T,a ii -potg nde rej-ap6.

E-Po:andil xg-ve haie oi-ootg xe aj-apO.

interpretin

1. Ask (name) wL1r.t, he; wants ycu to do.

2. Ask (name) what he wants us to do.

3. Ask (na.n, shat I want him to do.

4. Ask me what I want him to do.

/.
5. Have (name) (name) what I want you to do.

6. Have .name) az-_k (name) what he wants himto-do:

7. Have (i.:71e) ask me what You want him to do.

8. Have (name) ask you what you want us to do.

9. Ask (name) if he wants you to study.

10. Ask (name) if I want you to study.

11. .
Ask (name) if he wants me to study.

12. Ask (name) if we want you-all to study.

13. Have (name) ask (name) if he wants him to work.

 74

14. Have (name) ask (name) if he wants you to work.

15. Have (name) ask me if you want him to work.

16. Have (name) ask you if you want us to work.

Cycle 8

Manipulation Phase

model

.
E-ii6 e Doi ore-ve guarani-me. Talk to us a little in Guarani.
I

TO THE STUDENT: The suffix -De, used to mark direct and indirect object
of persons, changes to 7-ve after the four pronouns xe, ore, fiande and nde,
giving the forms xe-ve, ore-ve, fiande-ve, and nde-ve.

translation

1. You will talk to us in Guarani. Re-he'& ta ore-ve guarani-me.

2. You will talk to me in Guarani. Re-he'e ta xe-ve guarani-me.

3. Talk to us a little in English. E-Iii°e mi ore-ve ingles-pe.

4. Talk to me in Guarani. E-fie"e" x6-ve guarani-me.

q T will talk to you. A-fiete ta. nde-ve.

..

6., Carlos will talk to is (incl). Carlos o-'ne1.6 ta fiande-ve.

VP.

7. Who will talk to Carlos? Mtiva-pa c-fiete ta Carlcs-pe?

76
 1.1

model

Mba'e-pa rei-Dota ha' 'el.pee-me? What do you want me to say to

you?

TO THE STUDENT: The suffix -21 changes to -me after a stressed nasal vowel,
(a, 6, etc. '}. One example of this is peLsIg 'to you-all'.

The VERB -6 'tell; say' is an example of a verb class characterized by a

stem consisting of a single vowel.

1, ha-'4 f, ro-'e
ja-'5

-2. er-e IDei-g

17-
3. hP-'I

translation

1. What do you want me to tell Carlos? Mba'4-pa rei-Dotg ha-'e Carlos-pe?

2. What do you want Carlos to tell me? Mba'g-pa rei-potg Carlos he-'l
xe-ve?

3. What do you want him to tell you? Mba'e^pa reipotg

ndg-ve?

L What does he want you to tell me? Mba'e-pa oi-potti ride er-e xe-ve?,

5, What does he want me to tell nate-pa oi-potg xe ha-'e pee-me?

you -all?

77
 76

Use Phase

dialog

Mba'e-pa pei-pota 64-ap6? What to you-all want me to do?

Or4 re-h4ndu-sa guarani. We want to listen to Guarani.

ml ore -ve guarani-me. Speak to us in Guarani.

Mbea-pa ha-'e pee-me? What do you want me to tell yoU?

Er-e ml ore-ve mob-pa rei-k6. Tell us where you live.

Al-k6 a-pe. I live here.

directed discourse

1. E-porandri (tera)-De mba'a-pa oi-Pota nde er-e ixu-pe.

2. E-porandil it;ral-pe mba'rba of -pota have ixu-pe.

3. E-porandri xe-vP Mba-a-pa ai-pota er-e xe-ve.

k. E-porandil ixa-pe kuera mba'e-pa oi-pota pee Dej-e.

5. E-porandU (5re)-De oi-pot.a-pa x6 ha'a ixu-pe.

6. E-poranda xa-ve al-pota-pa er-e Carlos-pe.

dialog
I
E-jerarg (Sera)-pe peter lapis. Ask (name) for a pencil.

(tare.), e-me't xa-ve peter lapis. (Name), give me a pehcil.

Na ape. Here you are.

 77

peteT kuatig.

-1-a'-pe mokOi lapis.

° =Ito: kuatig.'

71-me e x=--e

-.n*ertret17-2g

DItse a 'nm1-2,-e' .que sP ie pida a (nombre) una cosa.

e-7.

ADD-:criatF, resc.:nse

M1:a*.1-pa a-mee nde-ve?

2 M:-..a'4-pri a-me'e (T-g.ra)-pe?

Mba'"4'?: (±4ral-pe

p.1 ha_ rde'!-vp petei mba'L:?

Td. ha- m7s'o pa ai-k5?

 Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

model

Ha'ehe-'T 'su-..'
I.
ai-kO e-pe." He said, "I live !lere,"
I

TO THE STUDENT i_adicates RECENT PAST; It is used generally

in statement ;z mater than in Questions. NOTE: hina can occur after kurl.

Ha'6 bine. He was recently saying.

translaticn (use,the RECENT PAST tense)

Ha'e he-'i kurl,

He said, "N="

I said,
Xe ha-'e kurl, "NahanirL"

Xe a-studies kurl.
I studied.

Xe 2-..7studies kurl hina.

I was studying.
Nde re-lee kuri hina.
You are reading.
Ha's, o-cie'e kurl .r7na guarani.
He was speaking Guaran:-

model

Mba'e-Pa he- Wliat did he say?

re ..-e: is used in questions referrin3 to

past time. Acutally
Ti-IE STUDENT-
witnessed
It =s uE,;?7i when the a:1-ion referred to in the sentence was 7.ot
tzy the spe(:-..er. He,ce 1 :'Curs typically, but not
or cannot be certlf:ed
exlus,-rely, in quest'..Dns'.

So
translation

That. d.d he d-? Mba'e pa oj-ap6 ra.e?

r::=a-37 Mba'e-ma o=-le e ra/e?

1,That, did yr,1, Wrir Mba'e-pa re-S'crivi-ra.e?

Whet eav? Mba'e-pa ha-'e ra.e?

msttneri- Y.esmorse

Mbe e'pe er-4 re,4? Xe ha-'e kuri, "Nahaniri."

2. Mba-e-pa ra.e? Nde er-e kuri, "Nahaniri."

3. Mba'e-pa rae? Ha'e he-'1 kuri, "Nahaniri."

4. rPM Ore ro-ie kurl, "Nahaniri."

5. Mbafe-p= ra.e? Pee pej-e kuri, "Nahaniri."

6. Mba'epa is re o? Mande ja-' e kuri, "Nahaniri."

dirertrj.

E-mcfz1 mba'e-pa xe

2. E-pra7 xe-ve mba'e'pa xe ha-'e ra.e.

3. E-morendri f )-pe mba'e-pa ra.e.

4. E-porandu (tera)-pe ra.e.

-11-porandr2 xe-e Carlos pa o-he'e ra.e hIna ingles.

5-

interpreting.

J.. Ask !name) what he said.

2 Ae? (nam!.. what t Fair!.

Pran> 'ack (:Iume what he said

it
what T. said.

'-=m- a y w:-.at Carlos said.

 Cycle IC

Manipulation Phase

ir

nu-Jdel

1---- He said that he lives here.

Ha76 he- kurl hg g-oe,

TO THE STUDENT: aDntrast direct- with indirect quotation.

Direct: klr, "Ai-k6 g-pe. He said, "I live here."

Indirect= he-'i oi-ko hg g-pe. He said that he lives here.

Dire: He- kurl, "A-kard hina,"

Ine:irect: ku±1 o-kart. hIna.

Dire. et: 7r-6 kurt. "A-studig guaraLI."

re-stadia ha guaran:T.

Direct: Ha-'6
Indirect: Ha-76 irurl hg.

reDetition

kurl oi-ko h,g Paragi-De.

Ha- kuri ai-ko ng Pa:aguL.-pe.
Er-6 kurl.rei-k(, rig. Para.i-De.
Pej-6 kuri pei-ko
Ro- 6 kuri roi-ko Paragug:-De,
a-=6 kur?: ;;ai-ko ng Para,sug-l-pc.

2aIterned resoonse

1. Mba.76 pa he-7-1. kuri oi-ko hg

2. Mba76-pa er-6 Ha- .,.. kuri 01-40 na a-,e

3. Mba7-da ha-'6 r2,&? Er-4 kuri rei-kc hg

.. Aba74-pa kuri roi-ko hg g-pe.

5. Mba.'"4-3Da, Fej-6 kurl pe:-ko hg g-pe.

6. 4'- Ja-'6 kurl hg g-te.

cch-ersio%

Carlos kur!, "a-ne.:e --goa'6?

Carlos kuri o-te'e na guarani.

kur !, "A-jeDoh6i hina." - -Mbar e?

kar! o-je-cohe'i hl hina.

"kr!, "A-purahei-kuag." - -Mbafe?

a.'4 he-': kur! o-purahei-kuaa ha.

H k:;.rI, "A-stadia-se guarani" - -Mba'6?

kurl hg guarani.

X4 ha-'6 kurl, cafeteria-De."

kur_ a-karu hg cafeteria-De.

.Y.4 ha- kar!, "A-raba,ap5 embajada-ze." --Mb aig?

-'e .
kurl a-mba.aDo hg embajada-me.

no-'4 kur!. hina ko'ga" - -Mba'e?

Ho-'4 kur tg hIna ko't26'a

i;d4 er-4 kur!, "Ai -pot a. livro. - -Mba'6?

kure hg De el livro.

er-e kar.1, "Aj-ap,5 to pastel. --Mba'e?

lr-e kur! rej-z]-,5 ÷a hg pas-el

er-4 kur!, "A-scrivl va era." - -Mba'6?

lour! re-scrivi va.era ha.

.re ro-'4 karl, "Ro-ke-s4-ko'gra," --_Mb a'e?

o-'4 kur! ro-ke-se ha L:o'gra.

directed discourse and stay- ale.,.

1. (David e-porand. (Jose)-pe mba'g-na c-scrivi ra.e hina.

David: os4. mba14-Da rt-scrivl ra.e hina?
Jos4: A-scrivi kuri petel carta.
0-porancE5, kuri mba'4-Da ha'e o-scrivi ra.e hina.
hg: Clase, mba'4 David o-porandru ra.e Jose-pe?
Clase: 0-porandfi ku-41 mbare-pa ha"e o-scrivi-ra,e hina.
ZoC'e hg: Ha, Maria, mba'e-pa Jose ra.e David-pe?
kur o-c. r!v hg h.-The retel Carta,, .

hg: Clase, ,Jos? ra.e David-pe?

Clase: kur! -scr!vi na hina petel carte,.
MbO'e hg:

83
2, ::-porandu terai-pe mba'6 ixa pa oi-kO.
A. Mba.'6 ixe-pa.rei-k6?
Ai-k6 porn -nte.

Teacher: Mba..6-pa (sera) o-porandd ra.e (Sera) -pe?

C. Hare o-porandd kurl mba'6 ixa-pa (t6ra) of -k6?
Teacher: Ha mba'6-pa ha'e he-'1 ra.e?
D. Ha'6 kuri of -kO pores ha..?

3. 'F.-porn rdd ku6ra oi-k6-na Paragu&i-pe?

Pe-k6.na Paragug.i-ne?
b.\ Hee, roi-k6 Paraguli-pe.

Teacher: Mba'6-pa (-Egra) o-porandd ra.e (-Z4ra)-ne?

C, Ha:6 o-porandd kurl of -k6-pa ha'e ki46ra Paragu5d-ne?
Teacher: Ha mba'6-pa ha'e ku6ra he-'1 ra,e?
D. He'e.,ku5ra ne-'' kurl oi-ko ha Paragugd-pe.

Cycle 11

Manipulation Stage

model

Ikati5'ba a -se e karal-ne"e-me? May I speak in Spanish?

0 TEE STUDENT: Ikatd is .equivalent to 'it is possible' or 'it is allowed'.

It is frequently translated 'can' or 'may', Study the additional examples.

Ikatd a-le6. I can read, (can--am allowed to)

Tkatd re-scrivf, You may write.
Ikatd tie - studi .. You-all, may study.
Ikatd I can do it, (can--am able to)
Ikatd nd6 re-ae.e. You may speak.

NOTE that the pronoun may be put in for emphasis- Ikatd is not used to
mean he able to' in the sense of 'know how to', only in the sense of
'be capable to',
patterned response

model: Mbasepa ikatd rej-ap6?

ikatd a-he'e ingles.

What can you do? (In the sense: 'we are at the
I can _peak EnElish. end of our rope. Vhat can
you do ?' Que puede pacer'?')'

Mbate-pa ikatd aj-ap6?

Ikatd re-he'e ingles.

drill: Mba'e-ra ikatd rej-ap6?

Ikatd a-he'e ingles..

Mbase'pa ikatd jaj-ap6?

ikatd he-ne'e ingles.

Aba'e-pa is e.t u roj-ap6?

ikata pe-ne'e ingles.

Mbage-ra pj-ao6 hase kuera?

ikatd ingles.

patterned response

Mba:e-Pa ikatd rej-ap6?

Ikata-pa re-He'e ingles?
Hee, ikatd a-he'e ingles.

drill: 1. Mb-se"peikatd rej-ap6?

Ikata-pa re-scrivl petel carta?
Hee, ikatd a-scrivi petel car-a.

2, Mba-e-pa ikatd rejc.a.p6?

ikata-pa re-purahei?

3. :4ba'e-pa ikata 4-ap6?

Ikatd-pa a-studig?

goase-pa ikatd aj-ap6?

a-jepohei?

5. Mba'e-pa ikatd roj-ap6?

6. Mbase-pa ikatd pej-ap6?

ikatd^pa pej-4 kuera?
 84

directed discourse and app..,n,late response

1. E-porandil (*.'4,ra)-pe mba'g-pa ikatil of -ap6.

2. E-perandil '*era) -Pe ikatil-pa xe a-studies cafeteria -pe.

3. 1,,5')C Da ikela F2a-mba.apO?

Cycle 12

Manipulation Stage

model

A-Fie 6-k-lag guarani, pero I know how to talk Guarani,

mixi mi-nte, but only a little.

model

Re-ne'e-kuag-pa guarani? Do you know how to talk Guarani?

TO THE STUDENT! VERB-kuag is equivalent to 'know how to VERB'. It is

frequenly translated by 'can' or 'be ableto'. Study the additional
examples-

k=purah.ei-kuag. I know how to sing.

A-lee-kual, I can read.
Ha'e o-jerokS'r-kuag. He knows how dance.

Be careful to distinguish between -kuag and ikatla. Both are translated by

'can', but they mean different things.

IkatS a-studies- I can study. (can in the sense

'am able to, cane
able of )

A-studia-kuag. I cd.n study. (can in thc sense

of 'knot' how to')
..)(1

ReMeMber that ikatil also has the meanirg 'be alloWed to'.
 as
patterned response (answer a -matively)

model: Nde-pa re-heq-ku-a;1 karai-rye' e?

A-fie'Ye'-kuag, pero mixi mi-nte.

drill: Nde-pa re-lee-kuag. guarani-me?

A-lee-kua5, pero

Hs.""pa o-scrivi-kue!

Pee-pa me-purahei-kuag?

.ande pa fia-fieq-kuag. 61--r- -me?

directed discourse and appropriv-e:

1. E-porandil (-Eera' -pe tba'epa

2. E-porandil (-t.era)-pe o-Heq-kuag.'pa guarani.

3 E-porandil (tera)-pe x6-ta a-h4'e"-kuag. guarani aveT.

E-pdrandil ndli-pa re-he' -kuag, 7ue.rani axe!.

Mtiva-pa - p -1r ,?

6. Mava-pa o-jerokk,:ag';

di aI

a-He'e I speak in S:danish?

,
rE. Re-He'e-kuag-pa guarani? eDo you know .o speak
Guar -..n?
,:.

. A-He'e-kual, pero mixi mi-nte, I do, but only a little.

B. La gente kugra o-hZ.ar6 rehe'L5 Th people expect you speak

guarani -me. Guaa7qni.

La up6 ixa rd, a-de-ha'a to In that case 7' . try to speak

a-he'e guarani-me. Guarani .

a
 ers

franera*ion
I want house and a car.
1. Al-pot g Detei 6ga ha netii

;Whatde7'ycv. (pi) want?

2. Mba.e"papel-potg pe&:

Ore rni-no-"g petei livro.

Werant a book.
3.

What are you doing?

4 Mba e-ca 7-ej-ap6 bine.?

'::hat will you do tomorrow?

5. Mba'e-pa re -ap6 to ko'ero?
Tomorrow I have to speak in
6. Ko'ero a-fie".e. va.ere. peter
school.
escuela-pe.

uera mo"5-i)a
Tell them where you live.
T. Er-e mi xa-pe
re-k5
E-porandil xe-ve mob'pa
Ask rtF whre I live.
8.

What did he spy?

9. Mbe.:6-na he-"T

He-'i 1+-r-1" oi-ko hg a -pe.

Ee said that he lives n
10.
Whatdic a sad to (t1)?
11. Mba'e-ba he-"1" ra.e

Ore-ve kurl To us? He tole us that he

Ore-ve-pa?
lives a Provo.
-oi-ko hg Provo -De.

inglgs C:n, I speak English in class?

13. Ikatli-pa

Re-he ; 1,To. You should speak Guarani,

14. Nahaniri.
guarani.
Can you speak Spanish?
15. Re-fie' e-kuare-pa karat-re'e?

I can, but onl:) littLe.

16 pero mixi mi-hte.

I can speak a little too.

IT. Xe a-fie"e avei mixi mi,
What Jo yni want me to do now?
18. Mba'e'pa re-potg aj-ap6
ko'liga?

Right *_ow T want you to study

19, ;Ko'&ga ite a-stadia-se guarani.
Guw:ani.
 97

appr-oriate responze

Carlos oi-potg petei lapis. Ha nde-pa, mba'e rei-potg?

e pa .-ape hina?

Xba'era of -ap6 nines ha 'e?

L. 0-studi3 "pa hina na..5?

5. Mbate'pa rej-ap6 kotero?

6. Hate-pa o-studies ta guarani ko'ero?

Mbate-Pa jaj-ap6 ta kotero?

8. Er-e44\ore-ve moo-pa rei-k6?

. .
E-poranau ixu-pe o l-ko.pa a -pe.
.

9.

10. E-porandr: xu-pe, mba'e'pa he-q-se nde-ve,

11. Mba'e-ps. ra e?

12. .MoO-pa ha'.4 kuri of -ko hg?

13 E-porandra kuera ikatra'pa re-ne'e ingles clase-pe,

24. Xe a-poran75 *a pee-me moo-pa pei-k5. Mbate-pa xe aj-ap6 ta?

15. Re-e!e"-kuag. karal-Fle'e?

16. Mbate-pa of -a-o6 hina hate kuera?

17. Pe-stildia-se-pa.guarani?

18. Xe a-nee-kuag. ingles, Pero mixi mi-rte. .Nde pa re-ne'e-kuag guarani?

15. Dande-pa Ha-Heti-kuag. guarani?

20. Nne"pa a-purahei?

21, ?ei-rot-pa a-jero4?'

22. Rei-pote.^-na a-mete nde-ve petei lapis?

23. Mbatepa nde rei-potg a-me' e nde-ve?

2/1, Mbale"pa nde rei-pots al-ap6 ko'aka itg?

8,9
 ge)

.25. Mba'g-pa j-i-ap ko'aga?

26. jand6-pa va.era guarani clase-pe?

translation as response model

Ar 1. Will you study in the library tonight?

A. Mba'.6-pa rei-kuga-se?

B. Ai-klAa-se re-studig ta-Pa biblibteca-pe ko pyhare.

An A-studig ta.

2, Did yoii study in the library last night?

A. Mba'6-pare-porandu-'e -xe-ye?

B. A-porandu-se re-studig-pa ra...e biblioteca-pe Inge-pyhar6.

A. A-studig kurl.

3. Shall we (inrl) in th,. cafeteria tomorrow?

4. Did you-all eat in the cafeteria yesterday?

5. Des Car17.s read day and n:;.t1;ht?

6. Will he wr.e a letter today?

7. Did you write a letter today?

8. S'ricuad I begini now?

9. Should we go to sleep now?

10. Did yol. go to sleep at 11?

 ec

1 need a pencil.

Mba e pa er-e-se

Me.--e-s6 ai-koteve h',F1 tei lapis.

B.

2. I want a book.

A. Mbee'pa -er-e-se x6-ve?

B. Ha-''e-se ai-DOta hg peter livro.

3. I will need a bicycle,

I will want a car.

5. 1 sc a snake

Rafael sees a girl ,

6.

7. Maria saw a boy,

8. I heard a s.-.mg-

Cycle 13

Manipulation Phase

model

Pass me a cup.
E--mbohasg. xe-ve petei

lexical substitution
E-mbohasg xg-ve peter tgsa.
E-mbchasg xg-ve peter vgso.
v? s': (glass) E-mbohasg xg-ve petei servilleta.
servilleta
 Fc

model

Pass me (some) water.

E-mbo'rasgt

lexical substitution
E-mbohasg
() E-mbohasg xe-ye jr%,
kambl. (milk-)
E-mbohasg xe-ve.kanOug.
juk"'Y (sall;)
E-mbohasg xg-ye asuca.
asucg (sugar)
E-mbohasg xg-ve pan.
pan (bread).

model

Mba"g-pa la rei-kotev& va? What is it you need?

F What is it you want?

Mba'gpa la rei-potg va?

dialog

Mba'6-pa la rei-koteve va?

E-mbohasg xe-ve jukl,

Na i-pe, (Here you are

-Use Phase

appropriate response

1. Mba=4'pa la rei-koteve" vs.?

2, Moa.-6-pa la rei-potg va?
3- Nfr,a'g-pa a ftra) oi-potg va?
Kba'g-pa'la (;:era) oi-koteve va?

92
 47/

x6-ve mba'g-pa la ai-potg va.

la al-koteve va.
mbapg-pa la cli-koteve.va.
mba'g-loa. la oi-koteve va.

tramr-) w^ a' is be wants.

Ask me wlia- 4.4- is T need.

Cycle 1-'-L

Manipulation Phase

model

A. al9 pa. Ya estucLaste?

.B -4 ma. Ye.

7HE STF'ENT- The pis fix ma is equivalent to the Spanish except

that ma is. a o-s:'fx and can never sC:71.11' alone. Ma frequently translates
:n English 'afreadv Or by the present perfect tense. Other examples:

Ro-h,:g4 ma p..1c~a. We've played ball.

A-mba.ape: ma blr,a. I've been working.

.7.sat`erned resmc,nT-e

7:?°-6 MS OP" A-StUdig ma.

m.-karil ma Via_? A-karia ma.
2 7,---,=,n5-., ma =I
Ro-ceng ma.
,-)e-mba n":7-f) -?.-389 Ro-mba.apC ma.

93
model

A. R=z..-oenes to ma-pa? Ya cenargs?

(Will you eat now?)

Uots A-karu-se ma. Si, ya auiero comer.

(Yes, I want to eat now.)

7.1 TH_ STUDENT: In non-post .,:ontext, ma is often better transLated by 'now'.

The Spanish 7a is the perfect eauivalent.

model

A. Ne'' re- studies? Haven't you studied yet?

B, Ne'ira gueteri. Not yet.

substltuticn

(studig) Ne'ira-pa re- studies?

ne'e Ne'ira-pa re-Fle'"e'?
mba,ap6 Ne'erLDa re-mba.ap6?

. Ne'ira-pa r..-h"e';:-kL-g? Doesn't he know how to talk yet?

-
v-na.e-kuaa ma. Yes he does.

Ha o-Lie: Dora-pa? And does he talk well?

Ne'ira gukeri. Not yet,

 -73

dialcz

We haven't eaten yet.

'Ira gueteri ro-kara.

You alit to eat now?

B. Pe-keru-*e ma-Da?

Rc-kgru-se ma. Yes we do.

A.

have already eaten.

C. Xe a-kart ma.

dialog

Have you-all eaten supper yet?

A. Nei:Ta-pa pe-seng?

Ro-ceng ma, pero neIra zueteri We have already eaten Supper,

B.
but we haven't studied yet.
To-studig.
And has Carlos eaten supper
A. Ha Carlos'pa c-ceng ma?
already?

0-cehg ma ha o-s4-.1.1dig ma aver.

He has already eaten supper
B.
and has already studied too.

Use Phase

listening for compreheLsion

gueteri o-studig.
Carl-)s Via Gladys o-r.!ena ma hg pero ne'Ira

pero .a'e kuera o-studig ma.

Bill ha aria kata ne'Ira gueteri

ppropriat: response

i. Nevira-pa Carlos ha Gladys o-ceng?

2- 0-ceng ma-pa Bill ha Marla avef?

etc,
 94

Manipulation Phase

Cycle 15

model

0-je-scrivl upe ixa. is written like that.

0-jej-aPo ki5 ixa. It is done like this.

TO miiE STUDENT:

0-1,e-scriv4:'is written', like o-le-'e 'is sa' ', is a

reflexive form exactly like its Spanish equivalent, 'se escribe'.
The reflexive form is made by inserting -je- between the pronoun
and the stem. (Pemember that 1 changes ton in a nasal environment.)
Note also the regularity of the reflexive form of J-VLP.BSand
I-vERBS%

c-je-studig se estudia
o-jej-ap6 se hace
o-jE4-kUag. se conor.e
o-n? -he'e se habia
o-e-aprende se aprende
o-he-noty siembra

The particle ixa means ?like'. Other examples:

re-karG. cavajil ixa- You eat like a Horse.

Mba'e-ixa-pa ? Like what ?

model

rae la ha up:4i la juk. Primero se pone el aqua y

despues.la sal.

9 t".
 listening for comprehension

Maria he-'I Carlos-Pe. "Moo'pa rei-k6 ?" to Carlos he-'i Maria-pa,

"Ai-k5 Paraguei-pe, Ha nde ?" "Xe ai-kO Arizona-pe", he-'i Maria.

appropriate response

Mba'e-pa he-'I ra.e Maria ?

Mba'4-pa ae-'I ra,e Carlos Maria-pe ?
Morre oi kO Carlos ?
Carlos he-'f kuri of -k"5 ha texas-pa. Aje-na ?
Moo oi-k6 ha-pa ne-'1 ra.e Maria ?

et
 F6-

listening_ for comprehension

Carlos o-studies hina inglgs, kat-6:ga.

Ko'ero o-studies ta guarani ha o-fie'e ta portugues.

appropriate response

1. Mba'epa cj-apci hina Carlos?

2. Mba'e-pa pej-ap6 hina ko'aga?
3. Mba'4-pa of -ap5 ta ko'ero?
4. Ea Maria? Mbe.'4-pa of -ape5 hina?
5. . Mba'e:.pa pj-ap&ta ko'ero?
6., Ha nde?
7.; Ha fiande?

listening for comprehension

Carlos be-'I Maria -pee

1. Marfa, ai-potg re- studies guarani ko'ega, ha ko'ero ai-potg re- studies
karat-fie'e.

Maria .he-'i
2. Ko'.aga a-studies ta karat-fiere,ha ko'ero a.stadia-se guarani.

appropriate response

1. Mba'e-pa Carlos ai-potg of -ap6 Maria?

2. Mba7e-pa oi-potg o-studig?
3. Mha'g-pa oi-potg.oj-ap6 koie.-ta?
L. Mba'e-pa oi-potg oj-ap6 ko'ero?
5, MhaTe-pa he-'i Carlos Marlai-pe?
6. Mbase-pa oj-apo-s4 Marfa?
7. Maria-pa o-stadia-s4 guarani ko'egaT
8. Maria-pa o-he*:ndu-se karat -fie' e ko'ero?
 t_
97

model

o-jej-ap6 ilacieva? -COmo se hace eso?

dialog

A. ixa-pa o-jej-ap6 ucgva?

B. 0-jej-ap6 k6 ixa.

A. 0-he-moi rae la g ha upei la joky.

 98

REINFORCEMENT STAGE

Action Script

Los estudiant ser5.11 escogidos de acuerdo al criterio del profesor. Cada

uno de ello7 -berg tener'la oportunidad ae participar,intentando hacer
una demostrPx n de como se hace algo delante de.todos sentados en un
oausa del Paco vocabulario que aun poseen habrg mg.s intentos
de demostraciOnes gr.ificas. Esto traera mucnos simpgticos momentos que
debergin ser eplotados.

1. (Nra), e-porandra (gra)-pe mbasg ixa-pa

o-jeik6 vicicleta-pe.
Vic:ticleta-pe-o-jei-k6 pe-ixa....

2. Gera) , e-poranjU (.tera.)-pe mbaYg ixa-pa

o-ka-rd
(tera) o-karia

3. , mba' ixa-pa o-ne-maneha

Coche o-he-manena pg-ixa..:

4. , mba'6.1xa-pa o-je-purahei
por'a.
0-je-piv-ahei a°-ixa...

5. , mb9'4 xa.pa p6lka.

6. ,mbe'g ixa pa. o-he-te'e chino.

Chine o-he-te'e pe-ixa...

.!..rente a los estudiantes.senrados en un semacT.rculo, el profesor imita en

pantominas ciertaicaracteristicas de acciones, animales o personas,
preguntando: Que 'animal hace asi? Habla asi? Canta b Quse hace
asi? etc. . .

Los estudiantes divididos en dos o mgs eauiPca.tratande aar la respuesta

correcta dicj.endo 'As1-.hace el mono' o 'Asi.-se lee', 'Asi habla chino' etc.
El equipo con rags 'respuestas correctas es el ganador.

Profesor

Mba'g mymba-pe oj-apb

P. Mba'-e-pa o-jej-ap6 pe-ixa (pantominas de aotos de leer,escribir, comer,

cantar, dormir; etc.)
 3. ba!g mymba-pa o-karu

Mba'6 mymba-pa o-guata pg-ixa?

5. -Mba'g mymba-pa pe-ixa?

6. Mba'e he'e-pa pg-ixal (chino)

7, Mna'g pa o-je-q.1 pe-ixa?

etc. .
-

Role Playing

1. You meet a person who speaks English very well. You compliment Him and
ask where he studied English. He replies that he learned in school.
You ask where, and he says in a school in California,
//
2._ You are asked if you speak Guarani. You admit that you speak just a
litte and say you want to know how to speak well. You ask how yOu
can learn to speak well. He tells you that you must speak day -and
night. You thank him..

j. You are asked what you want. You reply that you want a home in
a Paraguay and one also in New York: He is surprised and somewiat
disbelieving. You say, "Well, you asked me what I want." Then you
say you want-a farm in Brazil toe.
 tO0

Concurso

Se puede hacer formando un

Este es un concurs 7: de nreguntas.1. resbuestas.
circulo,'con el Maestro actuando,como animadcr. Porque-no darle el sabor
y animacsi5n de los c-moursos en la radio o televisiOn La competiciOn
-ouede ser entre individuos o dos ecuipos.

1.. Maya-pa ve, Paragugi-pe tera-pa Texas?

2. Mbale-pa o-je-haga ve Estados Unidos-pe pelota-a tera-pa futbol?

,

3. Mba'eixa-ba Ta.)-zan ;embireko?

,4. Mava-pa i -puku ye rio'Amazonepa tera-pa rlo Misissippi?

5. Mbate ixa-pa Sera ParagUgi presidente?

6. PedrO o-gUereko4petef tiES 'iera.va Juan. Juan, Pedro-ru hermano.

Juan skdiera Maria. Mba'e ixa-pa Sera Pedro avuela?-

7 Oi mes o-guereko vs 30 dias ha 61 katia o-guereko va 31 dlas.

Mbovg mes-pa ci o-guereko va 28 dlas? (Entero o-guereko 28 d5:a.s.
Pero febrero nd-c-guereko-iri 30.)

8. Mava-pa i-puku veAmerica del Norte-ba tens del Sur?

'9. Mbalei-pa un kilo mandyju-pa tra-pa un kilo plomo?

10. Mbate ixa-pa Sera pe+-ei karal Sendywipuku ha morotI va, i -kasc ha
i-camisa pytg va, ha i:=kyra va, mita kuera-pe o-gueru va cada ahoy
Seta mba'42,

11. Mba'e ixa-pa here peteT Meta i-po'i ha i-:puku va o-pytg va Gceano
Pacifico yke sr:?

12. Pee-Pa pei7kuaI petal' }CELT-al o-Hefre va hina kotaga pee=me -pe?

13. Alfredo Stroessner-pa Paragugi tera-pa Brasil presidente?

a. ,
Nde-ru- era ro Francisco, ha nde-sk.-suegra Marla, mbale ixa-pa
Sera, la r.de-airJela?

15. Rei-koteve ro peter camisa centro-gui ha rei-kuag ro Carlos .o-ho to

ha centr -pe, mba'e ikatu er-a xu-ipe?

°
 4

16 Carlos o-guereko irundS7 lapis-po-pe, o-mo-i 'betel livrc ha

mokoi tisa mesa ari ha pate: lapis Stlia Y,bovf,'

o-guereko i- po -pe?

17. Josg, Pedro-ruo hermano, Pedro-sSrHrigra Juana, ha Juana -s; 1i4ra Marta--
Mba'g ixa-pa hgra la Jose-hermano-avuela?

Una variaciOn de la.actividad arriba citada pod'r2'_a consistir en'lo

siguiente:
'
Cuatro o moms estud4antes son escogidos. PodrT.a decirse a la clase: Estos
cuatro irg.n fuera del salon de clase por un minuto. Alli pensargn y
escogergn una action determinada, c persona o animal al cual.parodiargn en
pantominas ante cada uno de Uds. dicndo: Que hace a.s5.? etc. Y Uds.
tratarin de adivinar lo aue astgr. haciendo, o a quien, o (Tueestg imitando.
Cuando,e1 1-.)rimero de los cuartb estg a dentro los otros esperargn su turno'
afuera suuesivamente. Despugs qua los cuatro hallan salido pare escogei
su el profesor dirg a su'clase: Cuardo cada uno Vuelva aguY,y
actue en su papal ante,cada cual preguntanda por la identidad de lo clue
-imita NAME debe dar la respuesta correcta. ejemtIO, el primero
aue antra estg imdtAndo a un-momo la clase fingira tratar de adivinarlo
sin lograrlo,.de la siguieute manera: As hace un caballo, una vaca, un
tuerco, un burro, etc. Sin decir nunca lo crrectb: Que asl }ACE UN MONO.
sto pue-de continuarse por unos breyes morientbs r entoncesIse discubre el
.truao y se llama- afprOximo,

Haciendo Girar la Batelle..

Los aitudiantes se sie!ntan formando un amplio clrculo. El profesor o uno

'de los,estudiantes aueda en el,centro del c'rculo con una bOtella. Para
Comenzar el juego se hace girar la bol.'ella. La botella,va girando sola
hasta :jue a2 final perdido,"su'.impulso inicial cae- El estudiante frente a
ouien quedare apuntanac, la botella: se pararg en el centro del cT.rculo
diciendo: "Mba-epa pei-potg aj-apg?"

Clase: Mba'g-pa rej-apo kuag?

-A-purankuag, a-lee-kuag, a-jerok'Y'-kuag.
etc.

Clase: Org roi-potg re-jerokS7.

re-karil

re-he'e frances

etc.
 /CZ
C.

Mba76-pa of -ap5 'nine?

Se divide la clase.e.r. dos equinos, A TB. Un miembrJpor vez de cada

equipo sierra -los ojos e imagine un acci6n determinada.
"Pedro" de equip,: A podrg imaginer lo siguiente:
ESTCY LEYENDO UNA CAFTA. Entonces el eauino A pregunta en coro al B:

A
Mba'g-pa cj-apO nine ha'e?

El- eauino B trate de adivinar to que "Pedro" ester imaginando hacer. Cada
equipo tiene derecho una c dos suposiciones por cada miembr de el.

. B. Ha'g o-lee hina.

0-karil.hina cafeteria-pe.
o-3erok5- nine.
o-studies hSna guarani.
etc-.

El equipo que logra adivinar gana des puntos. Perosi, nor ejemplo, el .

equipo no ha lbgrado averigUar lo que en este caso "Pedro" estaba imaginando,

"Pedro" lo direr. Si lo hace-en correct° guarani ganarg un punto pare su
equipo: si ho, NADIE recibe punto y es el turno del equipo A intentar
adivinar'lo que un miembro del equipo B imiginarg. Y asl sucesivamente.

College Bowl

Este es-un concurso de pre7untas y respuestas, Se puede hacer formando un

circulo, con el maes.tro.artuando comp animador. Porque no darle -1 Sabor y
arlimaci6n de los concurscs en el radio o televisi5n. La competici5n puede
.-ser entre individuos o dos equinos.

1. Mba'e-pa c-ye-hugevg Estados-Unidos-pe pelota-pa tera-pa futbol?

2. Mbate ixa-pa iiera Tarzan Itembireko?

3. Mbate ixa-pa tiera Paragugi presidente?

4. Pedro o-guereko petel tiO-'era va Juan. Juan, Pedro-itu-hermano. Juan-

s5 -Sera Maria. Mhag ixa7pa Ilgra Pedro-avuela? . -

5. Alfredo Stroessner-pa Paragugi t6ra-pa Brasil presidente?

6. Jose,. Pedro herMano, Pedro -O-Sera Juana, ha Juana-s3r.-Sera Marta.

Mba'e ixa-pa hera la Jose harmano avuela'
 SmAC,IE

. Listening In

1. Moo-Da o--kard hale?Ha 'e o-:kard 1-De, ha o-studig De-De:

Mbale-pa o dig ha'? Ha' e o-studi. gurani.

2. Moo-oa 7hug g futbol? A-11e r.-hug g futbbl ha De-pe a-hug g

tenis. Pe-hug-pa futbol? Nananiri. Ro-hug. tenis.

3. A-pe-pa pe-kard Dee? ha David? Ha Divid o-kara-oe-pe.

Morpa o- aril Carlos? Carlos o-kard g-pe ha David pe-De.

Ha nde? a-kard

5. Carlos o-studig ta zuarani. Mob-pa o-studig ta? Peter

universidad-De- Ha hde'pa mba- rej-ap5 ta? /

6. Kuehe a-studig.guaranl, este dia a-st.udig ta

Xe katd kuehe a-mba-ap6 5ga-De

T: M'aate-ba lb is. Ha nde? Mba'e-Da re.-potg?

Xe ai-potg re-skard .-pe k5 pyhare..

8. Ikatd-oa azsdig, a=pe? Ikatd:' Nde-pa re-ne'e-kuaa ingies?

Hee, a--ne'e-kuag. Ikatd-pa a-t-e nde-ve ingleS-pe?

9. Er-e_Carlos-p: mia.4 ixa'pa? Ha mba-e-pa hae he-' ta xg-ve?

Ha'e tande-ve:

0. Mob-loa rei-k59 moo'pa rei-k6? te-nt..

Re-kard ma-pa? Nahaniri, ririra Ha ne'ira-Da re-i-ambosa?

A-rambosa ma-

12
12. Mba'e-pa he-'1.-se 'horse'? he -se 'ca-.raju'.
 /04,

listening for comprehension

A. Carlos ?

A. ixa-pa

B. I-porsi-rte Ha nde ?

A. per-nte, ave-.

B. Mba:g ?

A. I-para-nte

B. Moo-pa peg pe-karri ?

A. Ore-pa ? Xe a-karra A-pe, ha haie o-karrl

B. Xe a-karrl pe-pe aver.

A. -Mba'e ixa-oa 7'

B.

.A. nate
B. Xe-pa ? I-por1,-n.t.e. Ha nde ? ixa-pa ?

( A, I-porK-nte.

B. Mba'e ?

A, Moo-pa pee pe..-karra ?

B. Ore-pa ? X4 a-karra a -pe.

A. Ha have ?

B. 0-karia pe-p-.

A. Pe-pe-pa ?

B. Pe-pe. 1 t ?j -

A. Xe a-kar5 pe-pe avel.

 /or
Pronunciation Practice

IV*1.1e1

, y-yre
kahY, poq,-nyEY
pytY.
myakY'

Intia1 mb

111134, mberia. mburil

mbyt'e,

ndaikuaeli, adorokuaL, nde, ndururiiii.ndyryry, ndikatdi

 106

.Vocabulary

Units 1 - 5

Guarani- .English
English - Guarani

A. GUARANI - ENGLISH'

A A

a- 1st pers. sing.. pronoun prefix 3

agradece thank you 5

ajg-pe. right 4'

ak.& head 5 ,

alemgn German 4
amp there (over yonder), 4

afic-te certainly, surely 5

ange pyharg last night 4'.
a -pe .here 4
.a-pe to -nte right around,here 4
aprendg V
learn 5
apysg ear .5

ara day 4
gra ha pyharg day and night
gri on tot of 5

asucg sugar 5

aver to, also 1

avuela grandmother 5

E -
B
banco bank, bench
bgisbol.. baseball 4
Eiblia" Bible 5
biblioteca library 4

cacerola casserole 4
cada
.
every, each 3
cafeteria cafe 5 .

camisa shirt 5

cancha . 'playground 4
 carro cart 5
pants 5

cavajil horse 5

cents to eat supper 5

chino Chinese 3
-lase class 4
c:che car 5

cocind kitchen 4
coladoc colander 4
cuaderno notebook 5

cuchara spoon 4
Cuerp, de Paz Peace Corps 4

D D

. doming() Sunday 5
dormitorio dormitory 4

-'e to say 1
- (singular command) 2
examen exam 5

excusado toilet 4

fgtqlca de acero steel mill 4

fos foro match 4
fubol football 4

G G
gracias tn- ak you 4
guts from, of 4
guarani Guarani 3
guatg to walk 5

gue-rek6 to have 5
gusty to like 4

ha and 2
hg to 5

hg that 4
ha,ar5 expect (esperar) 5

ha'e he, she 1

1 09
ha'e kuera they 3
hgrra jug 4
hgrro pitcher 4
bee. yes 3
he-9i-se it means 5
Eendd to listen 1
hendyvg his beard 5

Sera is called .(its name)

SPtd. his country 5 .

rata mba'6 many things 5

Sexg. to see 4
Sexaukg to show 5
hina (progressive) 3
h5, hg to go 5

hospital hospital 4
hotel hotel 4
hugg to play

to be 5
ikatd it's possible, can, may 5
Ikt3 to live, to get along 3
Iko (viciclet&-pe) to ride a bicycle 5

Ikotevg to need 5
Ikuag to know 3
ingles English 3
is thin 5
i-pores -nte just fine 1
Ipotg to want (something) 4
Ipytyvo to help 4
irundg four 2
ite itere1 (degree heightener) 5
(1)xu-pe him, her 3
(i)xu-Pe kuera to them 5

ja- (114-) 1st pers. plur. (flande) pron. pre.

ja- (fie.- ) let's 4
ja-hg let's go; we go 5

JapO to do, to make 3

japones Japanese 4
javg to miss
-je- (-fie-) (reflexive) 5

jepe'g. firewood 4
jepohei- to flash hands 5
jepopete to Clap hands 5

jerokg to dance 5
jer to ask (pedir) 5
 /0?
/
jevy again
.

1
jueves Thursday 5
jukg to kill 5
/
kukSr sail. 5
juri mouth 5

-kakuag to grow up 5
kambg milk 5
karat Mr,.; gentleman 1
karat -He'e Spanish 3
karil to eat 4
ke to sleep 5
kiriri to be quiet 5
ko pyhare- tonight 4
ko'aga" now 2
ko'gra today 2
ko'e dawn; sunrise 5
ko'ero tomorrow 5
kokue farm 3
kOva this one 4
kuag to know how to 5
kuatig paper 5
kuehe yesterday 5
kuera (pluralizeir) .3
kuna karat 'Mrs.; lady
kuri (recent past statements) 5
kyrg thick; fat 5
kys4 knife 4

la gente uera the people 5

la up5 ixa .rd in that case- 5
lgpis pencil 4
lee to read 3
livro book 4
lures Monday 5

ma already;pres. perf.-tense 5
makaneg to fool around 5
m..3ndyju ,cotton 5
manehg to drive 5
mantel table cloth
martes Tuesday 5
matemgticas mathematics, 4
mava-pa? I 1
;
_a_
who? whirqi one? 3
 lla

mAva-pe-pa? whom? 4
mba.ap6 to (Drk 4
mbate ixa-pa? how (are you)? 1
mbate-pa? what? 3
mba"e-pa he-Ti-se ue5va? what does that mean? 5

mba'e-pe-pa? in what? 3
mberil fly 4
mb3'e hg, maestro teacher 5
mbohaog. three .2
mbohasg to pass 5

mbog? mbovg-pa? How much? - how many ?. 5

me'g to give 5

Mehico Mexico 4
mes month 5

mesa table 5

mi (command soften&r) 3
mixi mi a little- 3
mot td put it; to suppose
mokai two 2
mo3-Da? where? 3
moroti white 5

mymbg domestic animal 5

na a -pe here you are 5

nahgniri no 1
nab -ear 5
nda-i-pOri mbate re' pa don'.t mention it; you're welcome
nde you; your 1
ndg-ve to you 5

ne'lra gutkeri not yet (statement)

ne Ira pa- not yet (question)?
-nte.. just. (no mis) l

ntende understand 4

Hand6 we (incl) 3
Mande -ve to us (incl) 5

fie-ha'g to try 5

He-pyra to start 5

fie'g to speak; to talk 1

HotY to plant 5

7 ;
0

3rd pers. sing. & pl. pron. prefex 3

o-je-'g is said 4
house . 4
2ga
oi-pora that's fine 1
olla pan 4 .

ore we; our (excl) 1

ore -ve to us (excl) 5
organization organization 4
ovexg sheep '5

P p

Pa if; whether; (question marker) 1

palangana tub 5

pan bread 5
pastel -(meat) pie 5
pgy to wake up 5

-pe (-me) in; at; to 3

-pe.gug associated with; of 4
pe- 2nd pers. pl. pron. prefix
pe-- (plural command) 1
pe"(i you-all; your 1
pee-me to you-all 5
pelota ball 4
Peluqueria barbershop
pg-pe there (close by) 4
pero but 4
peter one 2
peteI mba'g one thing 5

pgva that one 4

pisarrEin, blackboard 5

plato plate 4
plomo lead 5
p6. hand 5
pohgi heavy 5
polka, Polka 5
pord well; good 3
porandil to ask (preguntar)
porgugugs Portuguese 4
psicologfa psychology 4
pukil 'long -5
puralagi to sing 5

gr foot 5,

PY then 3
pyahia new 5 ,

pyharg night, 4
pyhare.vg. morning 5
 1/2

nytg to stay; to remain; to be 5

nytg red 5.
to rest 5

rag first 4
ra.e* (recent past question) 5
rambosg to eat breakfast. 5
re- 2nd pers. sing. pronoun prefix 3
?embireko wife ' 5
reunion meeting 5
revista magazine 5
ro- 1st pers. pl. (ore) pron. prefix
ru (see ;A-Iva) -tour father 5.
ruso Russian 3

S S

sapateria shoeshop 4
sanatil shoe 5
sgvado Saturday 5
scrivi to write 4
...'VERB) -s4 to want to 3
servilleta napkin 5
silla chair 5
so o meat 3
studig to study 1
suegra mother-in-law

to (future tense marker) will 4

tasa cup 5
tatg fire. 4
te-nte just very 5
food ,4
tenedor fork 4
tgra or 2
iesg. eyes 5.

nose 5
tiaa chalk
tupa6 church 4
±civa father 5
tuvix6 big 5

7
1. 4
 /13

,11 (v. intr.) to eat 3

universidad university 14

uO ixa hint yes; indeed 4

afterwards; next; then 4
upgi o

must; alight; should 3

va.era
bad; ujily 3
vai
vaso glass 5

-ve mainly 3
vicicleta bicycle. 5
viernes Friday 5

voi early 5

voleto ticket 5

voluntario volunteer 4

vorrador eraser 5

vosa bag 5

brazier 4
brasero '

to be happy

X x

I; my, 1
xe
Xe-ve me 4

water 5
5
well; water hole 5

yk.,4 re
on (by) :the side' 5
7
 !f4

B. 'ENGLISH - GUARANI

a little mixt mi 3.

al":4..erwaras; next, then upgi 4

again - jevg 1
and ha 2
animal (domestic.' mymbg 5
pedir) jerurg 5
ask, to 'preguntar' porandd 3
associated with; of -pe gug 4
already; pres. perf, tense ma 5"

B B

bad; ugly. vai 3

bag vosg 5

ball pelota 4
bank; bench banco 4
barbershop peluoueria 4
baseball beisbol 4
Bible Biblia 5
bicycle vicicleta 5

biz tuvixg 5.
blackboard, pisarrOn .5

book livro 4
brasier vrasero
bread pan 5

but Pero 4

cafe cafeteria IL

car coche 5
cart carro 5

casserole cacerola '4

chair silla 5.

_certainly; surely ahe-te 5

Chinese chino 3
church tupa6 4
to clap hands lepopete
class (-lase 4
colander colador 4
in that case la upe Lxa rib' 5
(command form plural) pe- 1
(command form singular) e- 2
(command softener), mi 3
`cotton , mandyjil
cus tgsa .5

D D

danoe, to jeroky 5
dawn;sprise ko'e 5
day gra 4 '

day and night gra ha pyhare

(degree heightener) Lte / iterei 5
to do; to make
don't mention it; you're welcome nda-i-p6ri mba!4 re pa 5
dormitory dormitorio' 4
to drive manehg

ear nambl 5
early voi" 5
eat; to karu . 4
eat, `o (v. :rtr,) -1il 3
eat '.DreakfaSt, rambosg
at dinner, tc ceni 5
English Ingle's 3
eraser vorrador
.
err, tp;md, tr':= make a mistake Avg 5
5

every; eacn cada 5

exam examen 5
expect (esperar ila.arb 5
eyes tests

a.

farm kokug 3
fir' tatg.
firewood jepe'g
first rae 4
fi-st pers. pl.(fiand4)-pron. prefix ja- (Ha-) 3
f4r,,t'pers.p1.(ore) pron. prefix ro-
i,ers. sing. pron. prefix a- 3
fly mberil 4
foo'l tembi-'11. 4
f:)ol around, to. makane.q 5
foot 7. .PS7 5
football fUbol 4
fork tenedor 4
four i rund 2
Friday viernes 5
from; cf gug 4

alemg.n 4
German
me' e` 5,
giv, to
glass vase 5
gc, to ho; ha 5

good; well port 3

grandmother avuela 5

grc kakuag 5

Guarani guarani 3

-...,

H H

hand DO 5

to have. gue-rek6 ,5
he; she ha'g % 1
head aka 5
hearing apysg 5
..--

hea'7 pohgi 5 .

PO.
tell), :,) Ipytyva, 4
here a-pe 4

here ycu are na a -pe 5

(i)xu-pe 4
him; her
his beard Sendyvg 5

his country Seta 5

his name
.
hera 4
horse cavagi ,5
hospital hospital:, .4

hOtel hotel 4

house 'Oga 4
how (are you)? mba'g ixa-Da?
how much? - how many? mbcg? - mbovg-pa?

I; my xe 1
'n; :De (-me) 3

.is called (its name) hgra 4

o-',.1e-'5 4
is said
is thin i-Do'i S
it means ,
he-'i-se 5

its possible; can; may katll 5

 /11

J J

'Espanese japongs 4
jug hgrra. 4
just -nte 4
just fine i-Pora-nte 1
just very te-nte 5

K K
..._

kill, to jukes 5

kitchen cooing. IF

knife kyle 4
_know, to Ikuaa 3
know how to, kuag 5
i.---

L L

last night ang.6 pyhaxg I+

lead: plomo 5

_learn, to anrendg: 5
let's ja- (fia-) L

-let's go; we_ go ja-hg 5

librasry biblioteca 4
like, to §ustg 4
listen,:to henel 1
live, to Ik6 '.--
11ng puke 5

14 m

magazine revista 5

many :things rieta mba'g 5

match fOsforo 4
mathematics matemgticas 4
me xg-ve, 4
meat eso'6 3.
(meat) pie pastel 5

meeting reuniOn 5

Mexico Mghico '4

milk kambS'r' 5.

mouth jurii 5

month mes 5

a morning where ye 5 =

mother-inl-law suegra 5

Mrs.; lady kuha karal

must; ought; should va.era 3
 118

napkin servilleta
deed, to Ikoteve 5
nigh* pyharg 4
no nahaniri 1
nose ti 5
not yet (question) ne'ira-pa? 5
not yet (statement) nelirague'teri
notebook , cuaderho' 5
now ko'aga 2

0 0

on (by) the side ydg re 5

on top of gri 5
one Peter 2
one thing netei mba'g 5
or tera 2
organization or&_lisaciOn

pants caso 5
paper kuatig 5
pass,. to mbohasg 5.
Peace Corps ruerpo de Paz 4
pencil lgpia 4
people, the la g'ente kugra 5
pitcher hbirro. 4
plant, .to hoty 5
plate Plato 4
play, to hugg 3,,
playground cancha 4
(piuralizer) kugra 3
Polka polka 5
pot olla 4
(progressive) hina 3
psyo'nology Pisicologia 4
put it, to; suppose, to moi 5 .

2:

(cuestion marker) pa 1

quiet, to be kirirT. 5
 R,
J
read, to , lee 3
(recent. past question) ra.e 5
(recent past statement)- kurl 5
red Dyt3. 5
(reflexive) -je- (-fie-) 5

rest, to pytu'il 5
ride a bicycle, to Tk6 (vicicleta-pe) 5
right? . aje-pa 4
right around here a-De to -nte 4
Russian ruso 3

jukg 5
Saturday sgvado 5
say, to 1
school escuela L

second pers. pl. pron. prefix pe- 3

second pers. sing. pron. prefix re-
see, to hexg 4
sheep ,/ ovexg:
shirt camisg 5
shoe sapatil
shoeshop sapateria
e
4
hexauka
.

show, to 5-

sing, to puranel 5.
sleep, tO kg 5.

Spanish karal-fiee 3
speak, to; talk, to HPle 1
spoon cuchara 4
start, to fie-pyril. 5
stay, to; be, to; remain, to pytg 5
steel mill fgbrica de acero
study, to studies 1
su _r asucg 5
Sunday domingo 5
surely, certainly aile-te 5

table mesa 5
table cloth mantel 4
teacher mbO'e hg; maestro 5

thank you agradece, 5

thank you gracias
that. hg 4
 /2O

that .7..ne
pfla 4

th,,..t's fine oi-por3. 1

then 3
there (over yonder) pe-pe 4

-they ha'4,kuera 3

thick, fat kyrg 5

third pers. sing.',S, pl. pron. pref. o- 3

this one kOva 4

thz'ee mbohapS: 2
Thursday jueves 5

voleto_ 5

to be 5

-today ko'gra
toilet excusado
tomorrow kote."ro 5

tonight do pyhare -4
to; also ave;' 1
fie-ha' E 5
tr.:, to
tub palangana 5

Tues't.ay martes 5

two. mokoi

:It'ende. 4
understand,
university universidad

volunteer voluntario

wake up, to Ar 5

walk, to guatg 5

want (something), to ipotg

want to (VERB) (VERB)-;se
wash haLds, to jepohei ' 5

water 5
we; OUT (excl) or 1
we; our (incl) and6
We71; water .hole 37-kug 5

what? ripate-pa? 3

-7i.n what? mba'e-pe-pa?

What toes that mean? Mba':6-pa he-ti-s6 up a? 5

where? orpa?
whether; if pa 4
white moron 5
who?; which one? mAva-ba? 3
whom? mEva-ce-pa? 4
.
wife rembireko 5
will (future tense marker) to 4
work mba.ab6 4
would (uncertain futureY : ne 4
write, to scrivl 4

yes hge 3
yes indeed upe ixa Nina
yesterday kuehe 5
you; your nde 1
you-all; your beg 1
your father ru 5
your name nde-l-era 4
 Subclements

New Vocabulary

pakovg bucket baide

banana
bata':e jetS7 garbage ytk.
trash can yt
beans kumandg alL)

cheese
ccrn airs.':
HOUSE & SCHOOL ITEMS:-
cnipa
.:nicken ryguasu
ryguasu rupi'a broom typyx1
eggts)
fish birg comb kY--gug

green melon mere hovS: bed typg

so"6 chair silla
mean
so'Ci mimei table mesa
boilend mean
so o ka'e paper kuatig
roasted meat
scissors jetabg
food
jl va door oke
edibles
;embyre window wets., ventana
mandi'5 room
mandioo-
wall pare, tgoia
-milk kamS4
floor piso
onion
.

ceiling or roof texo

peanuts manduvi
urn (cgntar,.;) kambux.T.

salt jukS:
water
r ot water ,
ANIMALS
yerba ka.g.
bone kangue animal ;:ymba
cow vacg
bird guyrg
FOOD PREPARATION cat mbarakajg
chicken ryguas
alligator jakarg
ashes tanimbCa
tataindSr dog jagug
carbOn tatapgi duck YID6
to to frog ju'i
fire
kyse noat kavarg
knife-
jepeig Norse c,avaji
kindling (1.-71a)
mount tendg
oven tata7dug
(balsa) vosg' mule mburikg
sar.k
timb6 ox gugi
smoke
monkey ka'l
well 'Y"-kua
poril pig kur5
utensils
mouse anguaja'5: PEOPLE
rat angujg
sheet ovexg, jboy mita
snake -. mbOi little boy mita':
tiger jaguarete girl mita kufig
fox aguarg sefiorita kuhatai
rabbit tapitl senora kuEa karal
sailor karal
child (to mother) membg
CLOTHING girl child membST' kufig
boy child membY kuimba'e
chothes a6 son (to father) talgra
blouse . vlusa daughter (to father) tajgra
shirt camisg man (varOn) kuimba'4
.button vot6 mother sg P.
husband mena
wife t embirek6
BODY PARTS

an jyvg INSECTS
chest pytilg
eye(s) tesg cockroach tarave
toe PYsa flea tungusil .

finger kua' fly mberd

o
face tovg bee eiru
foor, Pg hive eira raitg
forehead syvg wasp kgva
head aka ant tahgi
teeth -tai
throat ahy.75
esophagus tembi-'15. ;aSe AGRICULTURE
-(food-road)
nose 'ti crop k5ga
cheek tova vke (face-side) branch yvyra ;aka
tongue kid root yvyra rat()
lip(s) tembe trap yvyrg
leg tetymg flower yvotg
knee tety py1g to blossom i-potg
heart py a leaf togug
neck ajtira to leaf out nogue
shoulder atilg rock itg
hand pc5 sand yv'Y kull
fingernail PYaPe earth yvg
body tete mud tujTd
fruit yvg
to bear fruit hi'-g

19
 4.7

CORE STAGE

Manipulation Phase ,

Cycle

model

Ai-koteve ko livro. I need this book.

Ai-koteve De livro. I need that (ese) book.
-
Ai-koteve amo livro. I need that (aauel) book.

TO THE STUDENT: ko NOUN means 'this NOUN', De NOUN means 'that (ese)
NOUN', amo NOUN means 'that ( aauel) NOUN'.

substitution with point and say

livro Ai-koteve pe livro.

cuaderno Ai-koteve pe cuaderno.
kuatig. (paper) Ai-koteve pe kuatig.
mesa Ai-kbteve pe mesa.
silla Ai-koteve pe s:/.11a.
tisa Ai-koteve pe tisa.

rel6 _
_Ai-koteve tic) relO.
estilfa (heater). Ai-koteve ko estrafa.
lus Ai-koteve. ko 115.s.
lapisgra Ai-koteve ko lapisgra.
pisarrOn. Ai-koteve ko pisarrOn.

kuatig (paper) Ai-koteve amo kuatig.

estilfa (heater) Ai-koteve am6 estUfa.
tisa Ai-koteve amo tisa.
DisarrOn Ai-koteve amo DisarrOn.
cuaderno Ai-koteve amo cuaderno.

patterned response

1. Rei-kotevrpa ko 14is ? Nahaniri. Ai-koteve pelgpis.

2. ko livro ? pe livro.
3. ko cpsalisg pe camisa.

g!"
 /24-

ko sapatia ? De saaatd.

5. ko mesa ? ae mesa.

6. ReitDotg-Da pe rel6 ? Nandniri. Ai-Dotg amo re16.

7. De lds.? &mit lds.

S. pe sflla ? am8 sfila.

9. De estdfa-!? amo estdfa.

10. pe tisa ? amo tisa.

directed discourse (with double check)

1. E-porandd (-tgra)-pe oi-koteve-pa pe 14is.

2. E-porandd oi-koteve-pa ko livro. .

3 E-porandd (-teria)-Ye oi-koteve-pa pe lapis tera-pa am8 livro.

E-porandd (tera)-pe oi-koteve-pa am5 rggla tera-pa ko kuatig.

5. E-porandd (6ra)-pe oi-koteve-pa oi-potg ko mesa.

6. 7-porandd (gra)-pe mbaTe-pa oi-koteve.

7. E-porandd (-tgra)-pe mava-pa oi-pota pe tisa.

8. E-porandd (-:gra)-pe (gra)-pa oi-koteve pe

 /24

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

model

Roi-koteve umi livro. We need those books.

Roi.-koteve ko'a We need these pencils.

TO THE STUDENT: i'mT is the plural form of 2.2.3 ko'a is the plural_
form of ko. Note that kuera is not used to
pluralize a noun after 11rIT or ko'a.

conversion

model: Xe ai-koteve pe livro. Xe ai-koteve u=i livro.

drill: Xe ai-koteve pe lapis. Xe ai-koteve umi

Xe ai-koteve me cuaderno. Xe ai-koteve um! cuaderno.

Or roi-koteve ko livro. Ore roi-koteve ko'a livro.

Or roi-koteve ko 16is. Ore roi-koteve ko'a lgpis.
Or roi-koteve ko cuaderno. Ore roi-koteve isofa. cuaderno.

Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase

model

Mbale-pa rei-potg a-gueril nde-ve? What do you want me to bring you ?

O
 /27

substitution

ague-ril Mba'-pa rei-Dotg ague-ril nde-ve ?

a-jugug (buy) Ybe.16-pa rei-potg a-jogug nde-ve

ague-rukg (send) Mba'6 ra rei-Doty ague-rukgpndg-ve ?

dialog;

A. Mbale-pa rei-potg ague-ril, What do you want me to bring you ?

nde-ve ?

B. Egue-rii na xe-ve pe livro Please bring me that book and those

ha umi lgnis. Pencils.

Use Phase

appropriate response

1. Mba'g-pa rei-potg ague-ril nde-ve ?

2. Mba'g-pa.rei-notg rogue-i1
3. Nroa."6na nei-potg rogue-1-1i nee-me ?
4. Mba"6-pa.nei-potg ague-ril pee-me ?
5. M-Pa'e-pa Carlos of -potg ague-rukg lxupg ?
6. Mba"e-pa rei-potg_Carlos ogue-rukg nd6-ve

7. Mba'g-na rei-potg a-jogug ndg-ve ?

S. Mba'e-na rei-potg ro-jogug nde-ve ?

directed discourse

1. E-porandu (sera) -pe mba'e-na oi-Dotg a-jogug Ixu-n6, kb re16-pa

te,ra pa pe collar ?

2. E-porandil (-tgr4-pe mbe.'4-Da oi-Dotg nde re-jogug

3. E-porandia (t6ra)-pe oi-potg-pa re-jogug Ixu-pe pe coche.

E-poranal ( ;era) -pe oi-Lkoteve-pa ko cavajli.

5. E-porandla (-7:era)-pe oi-notg-pa ko cavajtl. tera-pa pe coche.

-nr7

.1 2 '4
 /2?

Cycle 4

ManiDulatibn Phase

Ai-potgko livro k6va. want this book.

Ai-Dotg pe livro peva. want that book.
Ai-potg am.6 livro amava. I want that book (yonder).

TO THE STUDENT: The phrase pe (NOUN) peva means 'that (NOUN)'; ko

(NOUN) kOva means 'this (NOUN)'. These phrases -,are
frequent14 inverted peva De (NOUN), kOva ko (NOUN).

patterned response (Answer negatively, change this or these to

that or those and vice versa).

model: Rei-Dotg-pa pe livro peva? Nahaniri, ai-potg ko livro kOva.

Rei-potg'7'pa pe lalPis peva ? ,Nahaniri, ai-potg ko laSis kOva.

Rei-pot. Da pe kuatig peva ?

Rei-koteve-palw regla kOva ? -Nahaniri, ai-koteve pe regla peva.

Rei-koteva-pa ko tfsa kOva ?

Rei-koteva-pa ko cuaderno kOva ?

Pei-potgpa ko'avako'a livro ? Nahaniri, roi-potg umi livro umiva.

patterned response (choose either altel-hative)

1. Rei-potg-pa kOva ko 16is tara-pa amava

2. Rei-potg-Da peva pe livro tera-pa 'Viva ?
3. amava am8 kuatigt tiira-pa kOva ?
' 4. Rei-pot -pa peva tara-pa pe 6tro ?
5. Rei-potg-pa ko vorrador kOva tera-pa kt, 6tro ?
 /, 2 9

od..1

Peva lapis. or Peva peter That one (is) a pencil.

TO THE STUDE:72: A modifier (such as amo, De, or.ko) plUs va may serve
as a NOUN.

substitution

clip (paper clip) KOva peter clip.

jd (needle) KOva peter jd.
inimb6 (thread) KOva peter inimb6.
voto (button) KOva peter vot.O.
jetape. .(cissors) KOva petei jetaDe.

model

Mba'g-pa kOva ? _What ihithis ?

dialog

A. Mba'e-pa kiiva ? What's this ?

B. Peva-Da ? Peva lfpis. (.What) that ? That's a pencil.

Use Phase

directed dialog

1. E-porandia (-,era)-pe mba'e-pa Viva.

2. E-Dorandd (Sera)-Pe mba'e-pa peva.

3. E-porandd (era)-pe mba'e-pa amova.

 /3E,

Cycle 5

Manipulation Phase

model

Peya-pa ? Hate la xe--.aril. (Who) him ?.Het,s my father.

70 THE STUDENT: Peva (that one) and kOva.are frequently used to

translate he or she in place of hare.

substitution

xe-ru Hate la xe-ru.

xe-$g (mother) -Hate la xe-sg.
xe-avuelo Hate la xe-avuelo.
Hate la xe-tie.
xe-primo Hate la xe-primo.
xe7-sobrino Ha'e la xe- sobrinc.
xe-socio (partner) Hate la xe-socio.

moral

Mava-pa pe karal ? Who is that man (se or) ?

substitution

karal (gentleman) Maya-pa pe karal. ?

kuHa (woman) ..Mava-na pe kuha ?
kull'a-karal (lady) Maya-pa pe kulia-karai ?
kuHatai (sehorita). Maya-pa pe kuhatai ?
mita (child) Maya-pa pe mita ?
mite-aria'g (young man) Mava-pa pe mite-karia'g ?
mitali (boy) Maya-pa pe mitati ?
mita-kufia'l Maya-pa pe mita-kuRati ?
 /3/

dialog

A.
Mava-pa pe karal ?

B. Peva-pa ? Ha'e la xe-z7-ii.

Use Phase

directed discourse

1. E-porandil (Sera) -pe mava-pa amova.

2. E-porandil (Sera)-pe Carlos-pa amOva.

3. porandil (Sera)-pe mava-pa pe mita.

interpreting

1. Ask (name) who-that woman is

2. Have (name) ask (name) who I am.

3. Have (name) ask (name) if that is LBJ:

Cycle 6

Manipulation. Phase

model

e hera Rafael Espinosa. His name is Rafael Espinosa.

TO THE STUDENT: ,Sera is an RH factor word. Contrast the possessive

forms of regular (non RH factor) nouns with RH factor nouns.
 /5Z

0,
Ciivro) 'era 'name'
xe-livro xe-116ra
r.,--li%-ro .
nde-17-5ra
cre-livro ore-r---a
Hande-livro Eadde-10-era
0,
pence-re=
,

pende-livro . . .. ,
David-livro be-mi to -rera
...
i-livro hera

RH factor nouns generally have three forms: an H-form when 'possessed'

the third person pronoun (hera); an R-form whe7. 'possessed by any
'other pronoun (xe-reta) or by a noun (David-C.-eta); an unpossessed Cr
tas., form.

But for a very few exceptions (like La 'house') the base form of
RH factor nouns begins with t.

Since not all nouns that begin with t, r, or h are RH factor nouns, we
have RH factor nouns in the dictionary and for the first fe-.T times they
occur it the units with the mark (0) over the initial; loth, xe-rota,
:eta. As the RH alternation of each word becomes more familiar, we will
drop this mark.

model

Mbate ixa-pa 1°Iera 1pfr! karai ? What is that man's name ?

1

A. Mba' ixa-pa ilera pe karaT. ?

B. Ha'e 1°1.era Rafael Espinosa.

,
 /.35

Cycle 7

Manipulation Phase

KOva xe-livro. This (one) is my book.

L
70 THE STUDENT: Possession is formed by the possessor before the thing
to be possessed.
1

model

Peva la xe-tiO-livro. That's my uncle's book.

TO THE STUDENT: la is often used before possessives.

model

KOva-pa la nde-livro. Is this your book ?

dialog

A. KOva-pa nde-lf.vro 7' Is this your book ?

B. NahKniri. Peva 7'1 se-ti6- No. That's my uncle'-s book.

livro. KOve xe,lvro. -This is my book.

model

Umiva la pende-livro kuera. Those are your books.

TO THE STUDENT: The possessive pronoun for 'you-all' (pee)_ is pende.

Note that the plural Pf Pe is umi.
 ku6ra, 2hese are 'hocks, rirht
aj4 Da ?

c77'7- s.:1-6-a is similar 7,3 the 'r.^?' or 'vdad?' Sb hish.

Note that the -lural of ko is ko'L.

Ko-'1va cre-livro kuera, T

ix.? hina. UrrIva pende-livr° kua=ra.

Cycle 8

Manipulation P

nodel

Peva la i-aivro. That's his book.

TO THE STUDENT: Third person possessive (singular or plural) is formed

by i before the noun to be possessed, if the noun begins
with a consonant.

repetition

1. KOva-pa nde-li-vro ?
,-)
,.. KOva-pa nde-lapis ?
._,. Eva -pa nde-camis'el ?
4. KOva-ba nae-sapatd ?
5. :Ova -pa nde-mes5. ? U
0
patterned.response

1. Kera-pa la nde-livro ? Nahaniri. Peva la

2. KOva-pa la nde-camisg ? Nahaniri. Peva la xe-tiO-camisg.
3. KEiva-pa la n4e-lgpis ? Nahaniri. Peva la xe-tiO-14is.
4. KOva-pa la nde-saPatil ? Nahaniri. Peva la xe-tia-sapatil.
5. Kera-pa la nde-mesa
O
? Nahani ri Peva la xe-tici-mesg.

point and say

Kenra xe-livro.
KOva
KOva xe-mesa.
KOva xe-cotta.
KOva xe-sapatil.

repetition

1. Umiva la pende-livro kuera.

2. Umiva la pende7lapis kuera.
3. Umiva la peuqe-camis'a. kuera.
4. Umiva la pende-sapata kuera.
5. Umiva la riende-mesa kuera.
0
 /56
Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

model

KOva xe-mba'6. This is mine-.

TO TH7 STUDENT: Xe-mba'e literally means 'my thing', but is used where
raine' would be used in English. Similarly nde-mba'e
means 'yours', ore-mba'6 means 'ours' etc.

point and say

KOva xeLmbale

K5va i-mba'g

nde-mba'e

pende-mba'e

ore-mba'e

Hande-mbate

kuera

model

Mava-mba'e-pa nova ? Whose is this ?

TO THE STUDENT: :Sava -mbaye (;'pa) means 'whose'.

dialog

12n, Ava-mbaT4-pa kOva ?' Whose is this ?

B. P:r.va 1 7livro. That's his book.
A. Milva-mba'e ? whose ?
B. I-MbaTe. KOva xe-mbaTe. His. This is mine.

3
 /37

model

Peva ij4-kue.. That's his well.

TO THE STUDENT: In English when a word begins with a vowel, as in

'apple', the indefinite article 'a' must be followed
by 'n': 'AN apple'. In Guarani when a word bzgins with
a vowel, such as k%-kue.2 the third person possessive
. form i must be followed by

model

KOva iH-amigo=? -kug. That's his friend's well.

model

KOva-pa la nde-amigo
v. 4-kue. ? Is this your friend's well ?

dialog

A. KOva-pa la nde-amigo 4-kug ? Is this your friend's well

B. Nahaniri. Peva la ij4-kuL Nalaniri. His well that one.

"(Ova in-amigo 4-kug. This is his friend's well.

repetition

Mg.va mba'e-pa "(Ova ?

ko'ava ?

Mava mba'e-pa umiva ?

peva ?
 /3?

Patterned response

1. Mava mbate-pa kOva ? Peva xe-mbate.

2. Peva ? "{Ova xe-mbate.

3. umiva ? Ko'ava xe-mbate.

4. ko'ava ? Umiva, xe-mbate.

repetition

KOva ia-amigo÷kug.

saoatl..

igpis.

livro.

mesa.

KOva-pa la nde-amigo-S%-kug ?

camisg ?

sapata ?

mes5. ?

livro ?

lapis ?

patterned response

1. Kova"pa la nde-amigo-S?-kug ?

Nahaniri. Peva iii-amigo ÷kug.

2. camisg ?

camisg.
3. sapatil ?

sapat.

4. mesg?

mesa.

5. livro ?

liVro.

6. lgpis ?

lgpis.

1. Ko'ava la ore-livro kugra, ajg-pa ?

J.. Nahaniri. Um/va la pende-livro kigra.

2. d ore-lapis krgra, ajrps. ?

2. Nananiri. Umtva la pende -1'pis kugra.

3. camisa ,

3. camisa

4. sapatl 0

sapatt

5. mesa ?

5. mesa

repetition

PgVa la i -livro.
1=11 /MEMO i-camisg.
dEll i-lgpis.
i-sapat.
i-mesg.
 Cycle 10

Manipulation Phase.

model

Oj-apo-pg ta o-studies mboyve He'll finish it before he

guarani. studies Guarani.

substitution

0-studig guarani 0j-apo-pg ta o-studies mboyvg guarani.-

0-scrivT. la carta 0j-apo-pg ta o-scrivf mboyvg la carta.

0-jep.ohei Oj-apo-pg ta o-jepohgi Mboyvg.

model

Oj-apo-pg kuri mboyvg He'inished it before-he came

koig-pe. here

substitution

ko'g-pe 0j-apo-pg. kuri o-u mboyve ko'g-pe..

u-se k0' agtil'i 0j-apo-pg kuri o-se mboyvg ko'ggui

0-man6 0j-apo-pg kuri o-man3r mboyve.

patte:rned response

1. Carlos-pa oj-apo-pg ra.e o-/ mboyvg ko'g-pe ?

Hee,-oj-apo-pg kuri mboyve ko'g-pe.

2. David-pa oj-apo-pa ra.e o-se mboyve am3 gui ?

Jose-pa oj-apo-pg ra.e o- gua::e mboyve Paragugi-pe

4. Ndg7pa rej-apo-pg ra.e re -kart` Mooyve ?

 /1/

5. Nde-pa rej7apo-pg ta re-kariimboyve ?

6. Nde-pa rej-apo-pg ta re-studig mboyvg ?

Use Phase

2propriate response

1. Mba'e-pa rej -apb va.ere re-kar1 mboyve ?

2. Mbale-pa rej-apb va.ere re-he mboyve Paragugi-pe ?

3. Mba'5.-pa re-aprendg va.ere re-jogug mboyv4 peter carro ?

4. Mba'e-pa er-e-se xe-ve re-se mboyve ko'agui ?

5. Mba'e-pa re-jagua-se re-he nicoyve nde-iloga-pe ?

6. Mba'e-pa rej-po-se re-mans mboyve ?

7. Xe a-jahil ma kurl aj-1 mboyve ko'g-pe. Ha ndg ?

a. Xe a-rambosg ma kurl aj-1 mboyve clase-pe. hande ?

9. Xe a-kg.ru-se a-ha mboyvg 6ga -pe. Ha nde

IO. Re-learu-se-pa re-studig mboyve guarani ko pyhare ?

11. Ja-cents ta-pa nde re -se mboyve ?

12. Mava-pa o-ho-se Paragugi-pe o-mana mboyve ?

 Cycle 11

Manipulation Phase

. model

0- studies ta o-karra rir6. He'll study after he eats.

Substitution
0
0-karrl d-studies ta o-kart rire.-
v
0-ke o-ke .
C-Heno (go to bed) o-Heno .

0-pgy (wake up) o-pgy

0-pu'a get. up) o-pu'a .

.3-11 jevl (return) 0-la jevy

Patterned response
-

1. o-studig ta rire
ee, b-studies ta o-kar rire.

2. ..;osefina-pa ta guarani o-ceng rire ?

.
Miguel-pa o-studies ta ingles o-u rire a -pe ?

Ha'e-pa o-studies ta karal-HeTe o-guahe rireParaguli-pe?

5. Nae pa re- studies ta guarani re-guahe rire amo ?

o. Nde-pa re-studig ta karii-He'e jevY rire Estados Unidos-pe ?

Carlos-pa o-studig ra.e rire ?

Hee, o-studig kurl o-karra rire.

2. Roberto-pa o-studig ra.e guarani b-ceng rire ?

:avid-pa o-studig ra.e ingles 0-11 rire 5.-6e ?

. :ode -pa re-studig ra.e karal-He'e re-guahe rire Paragugi-Te ?

5. Nde-pa re-studig ra.e guarani rej-a jev, rire Estados Unidos-pe ?

1 44
 /44.3

Use Phase

appropriate response

1. Mba"4-ta rej-apO ta re-guak4 rire Paragugi-pe ?

2. Mbeg-pa rej-apO ta rej-a jevy . rire Estados Unidos-pe ?

3. Mba'g-pa rej-apO ta re-karil rire ?

4. Mba'g-na rej-ap6 ra.e re-rambosg rire ?

5. Mba"4-pa re-leg ta re-fien6 rire ko pyharg ?

6. Mbaie-pa re-lee-se re-pgy rire ko"dro ?

7. Xg a-jahu-se a-hugg pelota rire. Ha ndg ?

8 Haig o-pytii!u-se o-mba.ap6. rire. Ha ndg ?

9. Mbe."4-pa rej-exo-sg re-rambosg rire ?

10. Ja-karil is Ea-mba.ap6 rire, ajg-pa ?

Cycle 12

Manipulation Phase

model

0-He'E arani-me o-kar(j. ajg. He speaks Guarani as he eats.

143
 The words mbovvg, rir& and a'r3 are also used as
post-nositions after nouns or nominals. For example.

dlg.Se mboyv6 before class

clue rice after class
clIse ajg during class

xe-mboyvg ahead of me,

xe-rir after me

substitution

O-He'"e" guarani o-kar',1 ajg..

3-mba.ape o-mba.ap6
0-kg c-kg

natterned resnonse

3-He'e-paguarani o-kartif ajg..

He-e, o-He'74 guarani o-.:aril ajg.

0-He't-'4-pa guarani o-hugg ajg pelota ?

0-3e'rna guarani o-stud.244-aveZ-He'e ?

C.,-Heye to -pa guarani o-karil ajg. ?

ta-pa guarani o-k.el ajg. ?

o. 2,-Ee'rna ra.e guarani ajg. ?

0:-studig-pa ra.e guarani o- mba.apc ajg.

Use Phase

appropriate response

1. Mba'4-pa re-He'e re-karil ajg ?

2. Mbate-pa re-.^.e' e re-r2:a.ap6 ajg. ?
3. Mba!6-.pa rej-app re-jepohgi ajg_ ?
guarani o- kg aja ?
appropriate

1. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 clase mboyvg

2. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 ra.e clase tboyVe kuehg ?

3. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 clase rire ?

4. Mba'g-pa rej-apo-se clase rire kotro ?

5. Ndg-pa re-fie'e ingles,clase ajg ?

Cycle 13

patterns for study

a. ja-hg let's go !

ja-ha-pg ! let's all go !

b. ta-pe-h6 go !

ta-pe-ho-pg ! all of you go !

c. kuri he went
o-ho-pg kurl hikugi they all went

d. ta he will eat
o-karu-pg ta hikugi they will all eat

TO THE STUDENT:
The verbs in the above expressions are intransitive; they do not take an
object. The suffix zpil in these intransitive verb expressions means tall'.

Hikugi is a plural marker used with verbs and implies a plural subject.

patterns for study

a. a7hexa-pg ma 've seen everything

a-hendu-pg la er-e va I hear everything you say

(I hear completely what you say)
 peTu-t-i Please eat all the food.
(Eat it completely.)

(d) .
na la pende- Please do your work completely.
rembi-am6 (Please finish your work.

20 THE STUDENT: The verbs in the above expressions are transitive; they
take. or 'imply an object. The suffix -oa in these transitive verb ex-
pressions implies totality ('all', 'everything') or completeness,
exhaustiveness. Notice that aj-apo-pa (do all or complete doing) is
usually_translatable by 'finish'.

not cc:.fuse the suffix cf totality -pg with the auestion marker
enclitic ta. Both can occur together:

?e,:-apo-pg-ta Y.a.1? Dia you finish it?

Rej-apo-pg ta-pa? Will you finish it?

Dbserve the order of elements and the shifting of stress.

Flej-apo-rA:ta-pa? Will you finish it?

Rej-apo-ma-se -pa? Do you want to finih it?
- Will youwant to finish it?
Rej-ato-ta-se ta pa.
ta ma-pa? Will you want to finish it now?
F.-apo-ta-se m1 ta ma-pa? Would you like to finish it
now?

Manipulation Phase

translation

they went
o-ho-pg hikugi they all went
c-h6 ta hl"Auiiku,5rm' they will go
ta hikugi they will all go
'o-h6 ma hiWiaiLu_:". they went already
c-ho-p g. ma hikugi they all wentalready
ta ma hd.41:14ikurzca. they will go now
o-ho-pa ta is hikugi they will :all go now
they want to.go
o-no-pa-sg.hikugi. they all wart to go
o -ho -sue ta ma hikugi they will want to go now
c-no-pa sg ta ma hikagi they will all want to go :.ow.
o-ho-par-sg ta ma-Da hikugi will they all want to go now?
o-no kurt hikuai L-4. they went (rot long ago)
 o-ho-p& kurihikugi they all went (not long ago)
o-ho-pg ma kur:.: hikugi they all went already
o-ho-pa-se ma kurt hikugi they all wanted to go already
o-ho-pa-se ma-pa ra.e hikugi ? did they all want to go already ?

conversion (change to a question)

o-ho-pg hikugi o-ho-p$ pikugi-pa ?

o-ho-pg ta:hikugi o-ho-pg ta hikugi-pa ?
o-ho-pg ma hikugi o-ho -pg ma hikugi-pa ?
o-ho-pg ta ma hikugi o-ho-pg ta ma hikugi-pe ?
o-ho-pa-sg hikugi d-ho-pa-se hikugi-pa ?
.o-ho-pa-se ta hikugi o-ho-pa-se ta hikugi-pa ?
.

o-ho-pa-se ta ma hikugi o-ho-pa-se ta ma hikugd-pa ?

patterned response

0-ho-pg ma-pa nde-amigo .,kugra ? Nee, o-ho-pg

2:' 0-u-pg,ma-pa nde-hermano)..)kugra ?

3. O-karu-pg ma-pa hikugi 7.:

4. 0-karu-pg ta ma-pa hikugi

5. Pee-pa pe-kar4-pg ta ma ?

6. Ja-kara-pa-s4 ma-pa ?

7 Pe7pytu'u-pg ma-pa ?

Ja-pytu'a-pa-se ma-pa ?

9. Ja-he-pa-se ta ma-pa?.

10. Pa-ho-pg to ma-pa?

appropriate response

1. Peepa,pe-ho-pg ta Paragugi-pe.

2. 0 -ho -pa ta pa hikual am8 aver ?

 /4?

batterns for study

'before (antes cue, antes de,'

'after" (despues que, desbues de)t
'while; as; (mientras, todoel tiempo cue)'

k:"( va.erI a-karu mboyvL We must dance before we eat.

antLi ja-kar'a rare. We will sing after we eat.

_
A-st kurl hina guaran: a-karu a, a. _ »as studying C.aarani as ate.

THE S=ENT: In English the adverbial conunctions before, after,

anu ethers occur at the beginning of a clause:

before we eat

after die

while, you study

eja-1.,:aru mooyv6

a -mans --re

re-stue4a

Cycle 15

Manipulation Phase

mode'

A-sta ve va.era. I have to study more.

TO THE STUDENT: 174 means 'more'. Note that it is uses virtually whenever
(more' could be used in English,
:1
 Rz9

Val ug:y
ve more ugly (ugli^r)

A-stadia-se I want to study.

A-stadia-se ye I want to study

A-HE'e-se guarani' I -ant to speak Guarani.

A-eq-se ve guarani I want to -peak more Guarani.

1,-6 cafe. I want more coffee.

s0-2stitution

studi A-stadia ve' va.era.

He':e. A-fieee va.era.
e' e` Dora para ve va.era.
a -aD6 Das:el Aj-apo ve va.era pastel.
a-nendd rE _Lo A-hendu ve va.era radio.

translation

.-stadia ve va.era guarani. I should study Guarani more.

2. A-a'e ve va.era. I should speak more.
A-hen du ve va.era radio. I should listen to the radio
more.
Aj-lco ve va.era paste/. I should make more meat pies.
Ha-,!e va.era. I should say mc--.
6. A-mba.aDo ve va.era. I should work
A-ke ve va.era. I should sleep more.

model

A-stadia ve rc, ikatd ta If I study more, I'll be able

a-Le'e pOra ye. to speak better.

TO THE STUDENT: ro, a short alternate of ramo, is a postfix which trans-

lates to the conditional 'if'.
.
A-Ee'7e--kuaa se rS, astadia ve va.era. If I want to know how to speak
I must study more.
.
A-stadia ve rc. a-prende ye ta. If I study more, I'll learn
more

A-prende ve ro, a-gana ve ta. If I learn, I'll earn mcre.

 1- stadia ve ta a-ht'e
POra ye.
A-lge ve r5, i katu ta a-n.6
Para
A-scrIvive rct, ikati ta
scrlv: -Lora ve.
A-;.*e ye ta
pora ye.

P.e-He'g gualani.

_ an_ .

e tora-se guarani.

ccra-se ve

?.e-He'e cori-se ve ramo guarani

'g-kuaa pera-se ve rrmo guarani.

:cafe-pa rej-ap3 va.erg?

rej-apa va.erg re-He'e-kuaa pori-se ve ramo guarahi?

Zcate-::a rej-ap6 va.erg re-He'e-kuaa porn -se ve ramo karal-He'e?

mba = pa rej-apa va.erg re-scrivi-kuag_porg-se.vg.ramo guarani?

dialog

A-He'e-kuag porg-se -e ramo, k6 .- stadia -A" va.erg?

3. Hee, re-stua_La vg ro, ikatu ta re-He'e :Dora ve.

conversion (repeat, then change_ to an if clause)

A-He'e-kuaa-se ve k6 pende-He'g. A-He'e-kuaa-se ve ramp ko

pende-He'e.
 ve karat -He'e.

A-scrivl-kuaa pori-se ve ko xe-fie'e.

(change ramo to rO)

a
e'e-kuaa-se ve ramo 'oende-He% A-He'e-kuaa7se ve ro ko pende-
.
a-stadia ye va.era. he'e, a-stadia ve va.era.

A-scriv-I-k4aa-se ye ramo ko pende-

F:e'e, a-stadia va va.era.

A-le-kuaa-se ve ramo ko Dende-

He';, a-stadia vg va.era.

(remove -kuaa)

A-He'e-kuaa-se ye r0 ko nende-Fe'e A-ne'e-se ve ro ko bendie"6-,

a-stadia 1./ii va.era. a-stadia va va.era.

A-scrivi-kuaa-se ve ko pende-ne'e,
o
a-stadia ire va.era:

A-le-kuaa-se ve rd ko bende-He'e,
a-stadia ve va.era.

1-,--icv,=. yen

ve rd ko pende-fie e, A-fie'e-kuaa-se ro ko pende-

, a-stadia ve va.era. Re'e, a-stadia ve va.era7

. ,_
A-scrivi-kuaa-se ve ro ko t'ende-
,
e'e, a-stadia ve va.era.

A-__e-kuaa-se ve rcl 'KO pende-fie'e,

.
a-stadia ve va.era.

translation

i. What should you do if you want to know how to speak Guarani better?

2 What should you do if you want to speak Spanish better?

What should 1 do if I want to speak Engish?

What should we do if we want to know how to read Guarani better?

 A-He'e" zuaranI-me. A-He' e: guarani-me.
kusg. ... A-Heq-kuaa guarani-me.
se .. A-fie'e-kuaa-se guarani-me.
A-Erie'e-kuaA-pora -se guarani-me.
pora ...
A-He'-kuaa-pora-se ve guarani-me.
7'..-
A-Heq".-kua-pora-se ve ta guarani -me.
ta ...

;..-mba.apE5. A-mba.ap5.
se ... A-mba.apo-se.
Lora ... A-mba.apa-pora-se.
,...
A-mba.ap3.-pora-se've.
A-mba.ap-kuaa-pora-se ve.
... _.

a', ...

hugg. fubol. (ta, Dora, ve, kuag.)

3.

F,,o-purahei.
(ma, pora, kuag, se)

translation

: speak Guarani.
: know now to speak Guarani.
: want to speak Guarani.
: want to know ?-.ow to speak Guarani.
: speak Guarani well.
: know how to speak Guarani well.
: want to know how to speak Guarani well.
: want to speak more Guarani.
: want to know how to speak more Guarani.
want to know how to speak Guarani better.
I will speak Guarani.
I will know how to speak Guarani.
I will know how to speak Guarani well.
will know how to speak Guarani better.

2. work.
etc,

3. He plays football.
etc.

..4.e sing.
etc.
 45-3

Use Phase

directed dialog

z-porandd (;57a)-pe o-stadia-se ve-pa'guaranl.

2. E-porandd (-Cera)-pe mba'6 re-pa o-stadia-se ve guarani.

.
3. E-Porandra)--pe mba'e-pa of -ap5 va.era o-nete-kuaa pora4se:2ve%ro
guarani.

( ;era) -pe mbaie-pa nde rej-ap3 va.era re-fie"e-kua-se ve

-z,-;:porandd
r6 guarani.

interpreting

1. Ask (name) what we (incl) must do if we want to be able to speak Spanish

better.

2. Have (name) ask (names) what they must do if they want to be able to
speak English better.

appropriate response

Mba-e" re-pa re- studies hina gra ha pyhare?

2 1,1ba74-pa of -k6 to nde-re-stadia ve-i ramo?

55
 CyCIe l6

4.2.Lipulation Phase

PAP

or rogue-rek6

:lande ague -rek6

nde regue,-ek6 mee beguered6

hate ogue-rek6

l':..
Thl-ee verb conlugation classes have been recognized:
THE STU I-:EN.i:
1-verbs, j-verbs s and 'regular' verbs. With -guerek6 we have a fourth con-
Alp

jugation class which we will dub Fue-verbs. Gue-verbs are like I-verbs
ain _- verbs (but with gue instead of 'i' or tj') except that gue may,
optionally be left out. That is, ague-rek6 is sometimes heard as a-redo,
regue-rek6 as re-rek6, etc.

model

Los guarani-nte ague-rek6. I have just two Guaranies.

10 THE STUDENT: Note that the Spanish numerals are generally used for
counting items like money, 4istances, weights, etc. Also for counting
time periods from seconds to centuries.

model

Mbovl guarani-pa regue-rek6? How many Guaranies doLyou have?

Mbo4 regue-rek6?

B. Veintidos aims ague-rek6.

156
 A-malisia Na Gladys ogue-reko ha. I suppose the Dona Gladys has.

A. 2,1Kva-pa ogue-rek6 cinco centavos?

?;. A-malisia Na Gladys ogue-reko ha.

Na Gladys, regue-reko pa cinco centavos?

3- Ague-rek6.

naradigm

my nand (s) xe-p6

my hand (s) xe-n6-pe
in our hand (s) orep6-pe
in your hand nde-p6-pe
in your hand (3) pende-p6-pe

in his/her/their/ hand (s., i-p6-pe

model

E Ogue-rek6 irund*Y. lanis-i-p6-pe. He has four 1:leicils in his

band (s)-

model

Mbov-"r lapis pa ogue-rek6 man pencils does he have

in :is
 /S6

Ybo4 1..pis-pa ogue-rek6 i-p6-pe?

Ogue-rekO irtndy lpis

Use Phase

response

' vro-pa ague-rek5 xe-p6-pe?

rcr aac-pa ogue-rek6 la nde-r?

centavo pa regue-rek6 ride vosg?

4 ävaa oue-rek5 pete: kyse?

5 :.:bafepa Carlos ogue-rekO i-p6-pe?

-Cycle 17

Manirnulation Phase

model

pete: =bale.' I see something.

A.-hex. het. mba'6. I see many things.

.n- STUD-"T. mbalg as a noun means 'thing'.

 /4-7

model

Mba'6-pa re -hexes ko silla gri? What (thing) do you see on this

chair?

Mba'e-mbale-pa re -hexes ko silla What (things) do you see on this

gri? chair?

TO THE STUDENT: Note the contrast in meaning between mba'g 'what (thing)?'
and mbale-mba'g 'what (things) ?'

dialog

A. Mba'4-pa ko silla gri?

A-hexes peter. mba'g.

A. Ha tba'e-mba-4 re -hexes ko mesa ari?

. A-hexes heta mba'4.

model

A -hexi petei meta-me hgra va I see a boy named Carlos.

Carlos.

Ai-kuag opava-4-pe. I know everyone.

TO THE STUDENT: 11:ira va means 'named' or 'whose name is'.

 /SW

Y:ava-Pe-pa rei-kuag Paragugi-pe? What person do you know in

Paraguay ?

:1ava-mava-pe ra rei-kuag What persons do you know in

.Paraguay ?
.

1
Paragugi-pe ? .

, I

L___
7. \ .7' Note the contrast in meaning between 'who
(what person)' and mava-mava-pe-na who (what persons)?'
Cr 'who-all'.

A. Mava-pe pa rei-kuag Paragugi-pe ?

B. Ai-kuag peter mita Agra va Carlos-pe.

Nava -mava-pe-pa rei-kuag ko clase-pe ?

B. Ai-kuag orava-ve-pe._

Use Phase

appropriate response

Mba'g-pa re -hexes ko mesa gri ?

2 Mbaig-pa re -hexes ra.e kuehg ko mesa gri ?

mba'e-pa re -hexes xe-p6-pe ?

Mava-pe-pa re-hex-a amd ?

5. Mava-mava-pe-pa rei-kuag nde-universidad-t, ?

Rei-kuag-pa peter mita 'n6ra va Lavid -pe ?

1 f
 /47

Cycle 18

Maniation Phase

model
---,

0-je-juka Kurt tete: revolver-pe. He was killed with a revolver.

TO THE STUDENT: 'with' in the sense of 'be -leans of is rendered by the

suffix -De.

mode

Mba'-pe-pa o-je-jukg How was he killed?

TO THE STUDENT: mba'e-te^pa 'how?' 'by means viz what?'

A. Yba'e-pe-pa c-j -juk. ra.e?

B. :curt peter revolver-pe.

Use Phase

listeninglocoEprehension

Kuehe, mokoi comunista o-.jukes revolver-pe tete: general guerra-hg-pe.

aver umi comunis:a o-juka ta-hg krse-pe mokoi general-Ye.
o-.jerjuka ma mbchap general guerrarth,i-te.

attrcriate response

1. Maya-pa ra.e kuehe?

2. Mba'e-pe-pa o-je-jukes ra.e?
3. Mba'e-pa o-je-'6 comunista
 /66

umf comunista o-ka-s6mokai general?

:boy general ma-pa o-je-jukes ra.e petel general?
:106pa o-,;e-jukg. ra. e pete: general?

Cycle 19

patterns for study if

'on; on to of
2. g4-pe 'under'
rupi 'by; through (=par).
`ender 'to the presence or place of; up to someone -' -..
gotc 'toward; in the direction cf (haciaie

Ci-me ne mesa g.ri. : It may be on the table

On top of it

2- Oi-me It may be under the chair.

3. u, -u- ne Paraguay rupi. He may come through Asuncion.

0-viaja to yvf; rupi. He'll travel by land.

0-ho Hande-Jara4-endg.-pe . He went to God's presence.

xe-rend51-pe. Come to wriere I am, or to my
f o
house.
Carlos-renaa-pe. Let's go to Carlos' house.

5. , 0-pyta g.-goto. It is over here.

(Queda hacia aqui.)
Ja-guata hina nde-1-6ga-goto. We're walking.toward your house.

Manipulation Phase

li-me mesa-g.ri s on the table in the bathroom.

01-me silla-g4-pq xe-kotf)--pe. It's under the chair in my room.

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 Whc tcld you ?
3:at surely it was you who told me.

'::hy did you do it like that ?

didn't do anything:

Thy did you come ?

3T:t 2arlos told me I was to come.

',That does 'ship' mean ?

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:arlos, they say 70U are ugly.

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13ut s you that's fibbing, not me!

atten,:.on to a fac which shoul,

wcual cc a h7u::',ge or protest:g
-...: 'a..:-.:c7-_-,anment of such words as 'surely',
of
7ay 'tut' r_ir 'why' 1-lot'the

s-cea.k. 2-uarani we1 .

only a little; 7y wife,

howifor, scoaks it well.
I
1,1-
 (/'

THE STUDE;T:
'ontras., katu with ningo. Katu signals the same relationship between one
clause and its sequel- as is marked in English -by such ielators as'but',
'however', 'on the other :land'.

Cycle 22

natterns for study

A. A-ag.g. ma kOva-re. already paid for this.

B. A-norandli to ask about his mother.

C. .2-:erure ta Maria-re. I'll ask for Maria.(nedire or Maria)

D. Mba'e re-na ? For what ? Why ?

70 THE STUDENT:
-re is use in me.1.y ways. The above examples, where they can be trans'ated
by 'about (de or acerca de)', 'for (nor)', ?-re typical of someet the uses
of re.

Cycle 23

contrast

A-jerure Maria-re livro. ask Maria for a book.

I rejlest of Maria a book.
Pido a Ma:la un libro.

I'll as': for Maria.

:edir6 or !;:aria.
tal,..e re after its object unless the
----rson:-re: the re as ecuivalent

' in the sense of

en:e of 'for he benefit of
oor Jo:LP

:,!arf:a-re

Jet._ d^"

ta k6va-re.

; ?

er Th.rlos-re.

7a.era i-l'vro.

.era Y.ar'a-re.

tzuaran:
 /66

Use Phase

directed discourse

1....
-jerure (tera)-pe petei livro.

2. Te-re-he (sera)--1-enda-pe ha e-jerure Jose-re.

Er-e mi re -pages ta hg ko regalo-re.

Ir-e re-Pag3. ta ha xg-ve xe-f.embi-apci-re.

5. E-perandil (gra)-pe mbovjrpa o-pages ta nde-ve nde-;embi-ap6-re.

Cycle 24

Manipulation Phase

model.

Moo-pa o-je-jogug. ao ? Donde se compra ropa ?

0-je-jogug a6 tienda-Pe. Se compra ropa en la tienda.

Use Phase

appropriate response

sapatd panadera-ne tE7.ra-pa sapateria-pe ?

2. 0-je-jogug.-pa pan sapaterfa-pe tera-pa panaderia ?

 /s7

n a o 44. '2.-ta--.-..e.(s;
 /68

Cycle 26

Ylafinulation Phase

naradiz.m.

rcor (3r,".en ore-mboriah.a were boor

and hande-m' :riahti we're poor

---
nde-mboriani. you're poor (Pee) pende-mporsanu
)
iou're poor

he isithey are poor

xo-7.-osarg,i for., Tr .re-resaral we for .et

(nand6) nande-;esarg.i we _

nao-resarL (Pee) nere-itesarg.i y fonzen

You

(Ha.'6 he/they forget

EiY? There is a -./.ry lar-Le ciass of words .

conjugate with the
possessive prJnouL prefixes: de ore-, hande-, .:ost of the
words in th:s clasE nre translased in Lnglish by adje-. Lut quite
and by verL. Becausf :t is a conjuzation cons :He'
s members to be verbs, and because most of the mf:mbers t.Ls conjuion
71ass are words 'Inich express a quality or aztrible, wew711.1, call all embers
,sass UAL Ti VEE\ES

'pure' verbs (verbn which conjugate witn ne persOn prefixes a-, re-I,
:o- 'a- -E.- or the J 7 GU= " variants of increments to these) and
now the s;,ualitysVerbs, you nave a complete picture verb conjugation. There
ly hese two classes, of verb conjugations, pure and '01ality verbs.

TraUitionally the .:uality Verbs are called Yendal Verbs;

Ver'7-;= ha%-e -erbs, and thcse are
sub-2iassifi,:d .7err,.oz
areaier regular 'vers: Incremen'r.ales'
verbs), anc 'verbos irregular' :all

1
I Li
 that not all :,:os turn out to have ad,;ective ecuivalents
in Engli:3h, 7 : a:- more generally translatedby verbs.

I fcirgt
snore
-j :na '::ou're lying
(;Eres mentiroso)

I'm a sleepyhead

feel fine this mornirig

feel fine this afternoon
feel fine this evening

.Ll .ctiv,-s arc rendered in Guarani by

--ran:,,lated by English or Spanish adjectives,

of English adjectives are Quality Verbs.
 /74

Cycle 27

ManiDulation Phase

contrast

Xe-hermanc mboriand My poor brother

::e-hermano i-mboriand My brother is poor

-P6va pe karat plat hetg. That rich man

eeva pe het a That man is rich

translation
,
My beautiful. country Xe-4.et. pora
My country is beautiful Xe-reta i-pora
Xe-jagua vaf
_

,.. My ugly dog

-.. My dog is ugly Xe-jagua i-val

patte:ned completion

Xe-hermano het.
Hee, nde-hermano i-plata het, ha nde katunde-mboriand.

Xe-hermana i-pora-ite.,
Hee, nde-hertana i-pora-it, ha nde katu nde-val"-et.

arandu 'smart'
tavy 'stupid'

rncarete 'strong'
leant 'weak'

jukf7 'pleasant, simpaico'

arhel 'unpleasant, ant.ipg.tico'

atre sompletion

Ag-.;e-rek6 peel" kure var.

ane-te

:-pyand. ane-te

A-nexg. petei kuhatai pora.

- pora ahe-te
 /7/

Gyie 23

*.anipulatiorl Phase

A. :de-mba';..-oL ....--:7a ? Is this yours ?

..

'-.. ;,nnir, naa-mba'='--i.

. ,
'2:o, it's not mine.

A. '..ilva-ma 'a entonc.:._ rC-.5 ? Whose is it then ?

et

:;.-mbn'g 'it's mine' is a nominal predicate, nominal

auc in Guarani there is no 'true' verb here, just
a noun or nominal taken as a predicate. A nominal
nredlo-Lte is negated by being placed in the negative
fran nda-HNO=AL)-i or nda-(NOMINAL)-iri.

or nda-xe-mba'e-iri

variant. of nananiri is ahaniri.

OutStitu%O:.
 /72,

Instructor points to various objects and asks, 'is this yours ?'
mine 9. - Whose is it ?' etc. i

Cycle 29

:':anisulation Phase

moue

n. Hasy pa la guarani" nde-ve ? Is Guarani hard for you ?

nasy-ete 1, It's not too hard.

TH7. STUD7.N7: a. Quality Verbs are negated by the same negative frame:
nda-(QV)-i. Other examples:

.nda xe-rasy I'm not sick

ndai-pord'i It's not good

NOTE7
Tf a Quality verb ends in the sound EIJ the negative
enclitic is ri. z/

nda-i-val-ri

substitution

nda-i-nord-i

The instructor points to various objects and asks 'is this pretty (white,
hin, old, etc.) ?' and student responds appropriately.
 /

21anil,:u1ation Phase

kurl' 1a dies .went to be about 10:00.

Re-F.enZ A-Herl'd kurl ..as des rupi.

1.-.ur-1 *las dies rui.

kur' las dles rubi.

dies ruzi.

ti:r.e. did you wake up

' ?

-vg

. :
pyhan.--v 7
patterned response

Mba'e Ora-pa re-pay ra.e ko pyhare-ve

A-pay kurl las seis rupi.

2 Mba'e Ora-pa re-pu'a ra.e ko pyhare-ve ?

-
Mba'e ora pa re-Jahr-1 ra. ko pyhare-ve ?
J

Mbate Ora-pa re-r7_mbosa ra.e ko pyhare-ve ?

A-pu'a rire a-jepoh6. After I got up I washed my hands.

substitution

A-pu'a _ire a-jepohei. A-pu'a ri./4 a-jepch4i.

72pei a-ne-nendyva'O. Amlepohei rire a-fie-Fiendyva'O.

pei a-,;ejuruhei. A-Fle-llendyva'a rir a-jejuruhei.

a-ne-monde. A-jejuruhai rire.

a-fie-mbosako'f. A-He-mond,1 rir a-fie-u bosako"..

paterned response

-pu'a rire mba'e pa rej -apo ra.e ?

.

(72a-hr pantomimes washing hands)

A-pu'a rire a-jepohei.

rirt" mba.'4-pa rej-apO ra.e ?

?e-F.e-;:er.dyva'5 rir; mba7e--.La rej-apO ra.;.

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:2,-ntro
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ar I He'roes
 / 7,9

x.=2-ve 0'.:.ez-zo de
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a-F

a k. a-hè te1 er .-De?

z
_:eva va, era

estuuuante-z. se si.:ntan ellos, digamos Pedro,

",.:no de ic
cet-rz con los c,]ss vados. Leo todos cambian de as!ento
F,;dro o sepa est i. Entonces Pedro t.-ata-a de
au v.:.nr cuin es cuin,

:.am.: cue el c:rculo este octpue0 de 2.3.4.5.6 estudiantes.

pararse ante cualo_uiera de elLos i. namerc 5 ej.) y.

nba' ixu-na

Ai-k5
Ireart: nde-7-g..a
let Ijneva cc -Ta.era.
Xe ai-kuaa. (nom-7...c) n':Imero

Pedro con los OjOS vendados tratc-g. sor med2.-, de preguntas (coma, las
ue vimcs arriba) de adivinar .a.identidad del nUmero 5. El niimero
dificua-ara porniedio de alteraciones su voz e

Pero; Per no:puede 'Ma3 de 5 br,intas ni menos de tres antes

breL7u:.tar YIAVA-PA ?. Y tambir:, toes deben responder: UPEW_ND71.
entonces Pedro 'n,ata una sola ,ubosici6Y.. Si elJa
no es c:rrez,a debera ir ante otro estudiante y tratar de identifivarlo.
manera 7odos parl:iuipara. =as --tivamene, In el caso del --jeranio
rado mac arriba Pedro adivi...6 la del ndmero 5. Enton s nUmero
deber.2: ocupar e augur de Fe'::(-) cc ,
Los Ojos ..-e;:dados y entonces todos
camtiar:in de lugar y niimero 5 intentar identficd.rlos. I asl sucesiv-mnte.

EL -aeotro debera participar acti-arne!..,e cue todos esten usando

_enguacorrectamente,
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Los estudiantes se sientan formando un circalo. Uno de ellos, tcc;Indose

ierta carte del cuerpo; la nazi:, nor ejemplo dice algo contradioric:

Al LV. tocndose la nariz ?,±:,VA

r5ximc estudiane debe parodiarlo de la siguiente manera:

Thc-indose la o-reja) KOVA

3 ose La bora)

_;.cl,%dose la oaceza) KOVA

loc5.ndose ^!",

:ociindose (o F..". -JURC;)

"..cs er- -es de carte de uno de los particibantes lo eliminar5. del

--o c ha come*ido en error. Cuando nilMero 5
KOVA 1.72,-CAYIISA, 6 deter,_ -oog.ndose la 2amisg. haber KOVA XE -PO o
cual7.%ier ot-a cosy cue parodle la afirmaci6n anterior.

juego t'ermina con el Ultimo que pueda auedarse sin cometer errores.

Chal.Pdas

Dentro de una pequena caja se ponen .n desorden tirasde papel en cada

:na de :as cales est'5.n . cie-rtas comp- Ud. es Napoleon
llonapart,e, Ud. es elefante, Ud. en el mano un pedazo de hielo,
est%a e.-o-,_biendo, etc.

'ada ,]no de es-l-udian*es va y toma de. la caja cada uno una tira de
papel en el lee 5U s..cre+a Supongamos cue Luis (uno de los
estudiantes) ha tornado de la caja una hoja en la rual dice: Ud. es Napoleon
3o-.apa-te Luis, entonces, se para-..! ante el resto de los estudiantes y
Foy, o c5mo me llamo? y actuarg. jugando el papel de Napoleon.
L,os ctr(;s studiartes Y asi cada cual con su asig-
nariOn

i. :Avapa x69 o Mba"e'pa

e ixa pa xe-.r era?
3, .11aepa Nina'
ague-reko htna xe- po -pe?
 /

'T blase ser obrno T.ara una reunion informal de

amigos 01a :Ibra Ee co a 2.La estu"an: un la-niz y =pia de
rc:a

Loo .2ircalar e!.re si, canc1o, extrecnando manos,

tusca.%Uo las .fe:raezra: pre::-..un-7.as de 1% roa Mlva-ba Maya, disconiendo
para Ler%bc finaT ese tiempo el Drofesor leer. las
y ha mayor informaciOn, el cual

L= r.z-ar nada, cada esrudiante debe recibir una

h, a 1-00 03:r., ILLS 3r_Erf.en--,ez:

namerJ de nde-ra Ha nde re-guereko mokai

ner7.ana -a ha ' a.

ha :betel kara. 1"-iera

azi,,a dabs Dara 71G,nar la

hoc:a.

:.-c:.aralrrente 1 debe etar precarado artes

e:emplo, una coca de la
r n:e 7 cn.a a 7.0dos los esrudiantes.
ez aL

:ra -- ha

:
 /26

2v1a.-a s'ina
Y.ava-;a oi-bot. -e-g ueru netei livro' centre -gui?
an
:;=-kug.-na o-guereko v y'
c -hexa peIel mberu sllia

KOva?

ma,,s-tro muestra a los estudiantes un =ton de objetos como laoicas,

libros, relojes, tizas, ccrradores, anillos, monedas, etc. Luego lo pone
tca: en una boisa o caja y la mano de ella coge oc de los objetos,
reteniendola mano dentro de ella, es decir de lacaja, y bresunta a
la KOVA

:esnugs de que calla uno de -1.1os haya- tratado de adivinar la identidad

del objeto, el maestro ensenara la nano con el objeto; vera cuien ha dado
reonuesta correcta. Luego toda la clase dirigido or el que lo ha
repetir4 en _ore la respuesta correcta.

ejemolo: Clase: (en coro) PAva peteT livro,

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 /kg-

e a k_ Whose :eaci1 is ?

-de--tate, That pencil is yours.

onfuse the truth

va-mbate-pa 115 ?
1:e Depis hie-bat.

:arcs mtate-pa ?

e-mba.6.

-mtate ?
_
:;ahaniri.

Xe-mba',1' ?

nde-M ate.

juan-pa nde-ru-sccio ?
NahzIniri. iia Tomas. ,11.a.n

Dafid: Gomez-pa Ton° apellido ?

be rt ijapellido.

David: ? I-mbate ?
Hande-mbate hg.
David:

oa i:e-ne"6-pa rd guaran-r-me ?
Anna: Mixi mi-nt. Pero hd-a-nete pora-i.
A-n4'e-se-ve karal-L'6-me.

Xe a-janu ta a- aMbosg. mboy-ve.

Xe katu a-jahu ma kurl'a-ju mboy-ve A-pe.

ose. :,7:a. ixa-pa

.,
nde-ra ?
,...
David: ,x.e xe-rera David.
Jose: Moo-pa o-byte. nde-rOga ?
David: Espana casi brasil-pe.
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 UI ILI .! t71
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TO.7.2HE S77.7:ENT:
NC77 C.:,P.EF:...LY the formation of the imperative. Except for the ve :'b
re,=11(5 go. it is regular and quite simple:

:he plural tmperative has the prefix De- (identical to the

indicative prefix:re-)

2.- The singular imperative has the prefix e- (instead of the

indicative .:re-tix De -)

Note h w erbs retain their distinguishing mark (b) and

C-,rerbs theirs (c), GUE-verbs optionally drop the Rue- in
-the imperatf_ve as also in the indicative.

Take careful note Of the imperative form of re-ho 'go'. The

outside imperative prefix ta or to will be hobked to'the
indicative prefix pe-or re-.

5, It is frequently felt necessary to take the edge. off of the

imperative by adding the courtesy particle ma and/or the
partitive or dimin...itive particle m1.
: ;ote that mi always carries t ::e stress, ma never does.
0

na. Come in, please.

.r.,-guapj
Have a seat.
E-ha..aro mi Ma. Please wait a minute.

a. Wait 71.-ha.aro
Wait, please -
. E-h...aro na
Would you wait a kit, please E-ha.aro mi ma.

Come in; pl=:ase Ei-k°e na

would you come in, please Ei-ke mi na

c- Please do it Ej-app na
Would you please do it Ej-apo mi na

d- Please bring it E-ria na (or: egue-riana)

Would you please bring it E-r11-mi na (or: egue-ra mi na)

Please go (sg-) Te re-h6 na

Would you please go (sg:) Te re-h5 mi na
Please go (pl.) Td pe-hO na
Would you please go (pl.) Ta pe-h5 mi ma

Would. you .please say it E-re mi ma

Pej-e mi ma

-% a

'j
 /93

dialog-

I want to hear Carlos Azhenduise-CarloS-pe

I want to see him A-hexa-S6 ixu-pe

Who wants to play soccer ? Mava7piko o-hliga-se pelota ?

Who wants to speak Guarani well ? Mava-piko o-fie'e pora-se guarani ?

Who do you want to study with ? Mava-ndive-pa re-stadia-se ?

Who do you want to sneak Guarani with ? Nava-ndive-pa re-Eg'e-se guarani ?

He wants to study already 0-stadia-se ma

He.-will want to leave already 0-s-se to ma

Who do you want to speak with ? Nava-ndive-pa re,fie'e-se ?

What do you want ? Mba'e-pa nde rei-potg ?
I want a book Xe ai-potg petei livro
He wants two shirts Ha'e oi-pote mok5i camisg
Do you (pl.) want something ? Pei-potg-pa petei lgpis?
We don't want anything Ndo-roi-potg-i mba'e-ve

TO THE STUDENT:
To want something is expressed with the verb Iocta plus th4 noun or noun
phrase.

Compare: I want a book Ai-potg petal livro

I want to buy a book A-jogua-se pate: livro

What do you wish ? Mba'e-ma nde ?

 /9%

listeni'ng in

Mbate-pa of -api5 hina Carlos

0-scrivT. hina peter carta
Meva-ne ?
Gladys-pe ! i-xika-pe

A. Moo-pa oi-me xe -livrc ?

',. Moo-pa re-he ja-ra...e ?
A. A-moi pe mesa.ari kuri.
B. .Ung ixa ro oi-me ne ucg- hina.

J5- Mba'g-pa rei-potg. ?

Meva-ndive-pa re-fie'e-se ?
B. A-E"e-se nde-ru-ndive
A. Ei-ke-na, .e-gualv, ha e-hearo
B. Grg.cias.
 FREE STUDY STAGE

dialog

A. Moot' -alio-pa ogue-reko ride-hermano ?.

B \ Kuehe\o-mbotl_ veintiun aHo.

A. Ha mb4 pa o-gana hembi-aa6-be r:r dig., trecientos guarani ?

B. 0-gang-hina treciento cinauenta.

How Old is your brother ?

B. He turned 21 yesterday.

A. And how much does he earn a day in his work, G300 ?

B. He earns G350.
 Unit Seven

CORE SLAG:

ManipulationPhase

Cycle 1

model

Xe nd-a-He'ri hina ingles. I'm not talking English.

o

.
Xe nd-a-scrivi-ri hina inglgs. I'm not writing English.

TO THE STUDENT:. Negative statements in first person singular are formed

the VERB ends
with nd- before the VERB and -i following the VERB or ri if
in i.

repetition

ingles-be.
Xe nd-a-lee-i hina ingles-pe.

Xe nd-a-hendd-i
Xe nd-a-studie-i
Xe nd-ai-kuae-i
Xe nd-ai-pote-i
Xe hina.

variable slot substitution

a-fie1"4
ingles
guarani nd-a-fie'e i guarani
ruso ruso

a-lee rusc
frances nd-a-lee-i frances
aleten nd-a-lee-i alemen .

a-studies nd a-studie-i alemen

chino nd7a-studiei-chino

ai-kuaa nd-ai-kuae-i cnino

japones nd-ai-kuae-i japones

japones
a-scrivi
.

r.
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 g

ani re-Re"e- ingl6s-pe. Don't talk in English.

3. 721d-a-He'a-i hIna ingles-pe, :I'm not talking in English,

a-He'a hina guarani-me.. I'm talking in Guarani.

Use Phase

directed discourse

(era)-6e an o-He'e ingles.

2. Lr-e (,era)-Pe and o-studig guarani.

3. Er-6 (':era)-Pe a-I o-mba.ap6. pe-pe.

Er-6 (17,6ra)-pe an o-hugg pelota ko'aga.

5. Er-6 (era)-me ani o-scrivT. carta:

6. Er-6 (1-:era)-pe an: o-lee ingles._

interpreting (answer asin the dialog)

1. Tell (name) not to speak in English.

2. Have (name) tell (name) not to sp&ak.in Cuaran:

listening for comprehension

(1.6ra), nde re-Heq-kuag ruso. Chino, nahaniri. Kotaga re-rie'a hina

guarani, pero re-stadia-se karal-ilete.

appropriate response

i. Re-fie'a-kuag-pa ruso?
2. Ha ghino?
3. Mba'6-pa re-fie'e hina koraga?
4. Re-stadia-se-pa ingles?
5. Mba'epa re-stadia-se?
 0- 1 O.
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 0",

onversion

Xe a-studig. Ye nd-a-studfii-i
H a'e o-studig . Ha'e nd-o-s tudig-d
xe a-4a.ru
,
Xe
H a'e o -karu- Haee nd-o-kariri
::t scrivT. hina le nd7a-scriv5.7- hina
H a'e o-scrivT, hina Ha'e hina
Xe hina guarani Xe hina guarani
Ha'e o-He';:,.hina guarani Ha'g hina guarani
Xe a-ntende ingles. Xe nd-a-ntende-f'Thgles
H aee b-ntende,ingles Ha'e ndio-ntende-i ingles.
Xe a-purahed Xe nd-a-purahei-ri
o-jepohei Ha .e nd-o-jepohei-ri

patterned response

Re-studig.-pa hina? Nahaniri, hina.

C- stadia pa hina? Nahaniri, nd-o-studig-i hina.
Re-Hele-na hina? Nahaniri, hina.
C-He'e-na hina? Nahani,ri, hina.
,Re-ntende-pa? Nahaniri, nd-a-ntehde-i.
0-ntende-pa? Nahaniri, nd-o-ntende-i.
Nde-pa re-sCrivl Nahaniri, nd-ascrivl-ri hina.
Ha'e-pa o-scrivl hina? Nahanird, nd-o-ccrivl-ri hina.
Nde-pa re-lee 'mina ingles? Nahaniri, nd-a-lee-i hina ingles.
hina ingles? Nahaniri, nd-o-lee-i hina ingles.
Nde-pa rej-apc13-kuag? Nahaniri, nd-aj-aPO-kuag-i.
Ha'e-paoj-a0-kuag? Nahaniri, nd-oj-apai-kuag-i.

dialog .

A. Ha'e-pa o-studies hina? Is he studying?

B. Nahaniri, ndo- studiai Kira. No, he's not studying.

A. Mba'e-pa of -ap6 hina? What is he doing?

B. Nd-of -ap6-i mbVe-ve. .He's not doing anything.

 51.)

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 -Cycle 3

Manirculation Phase

model

Nd-a-Fletuag-i guteri. 17 don't know how to talk yet.

model

Nde-pa nde-re-He'e."-kua5.-i guarani? Dohit you know how to talk

Guarani?

'.repetition

1 (Nde)
'?. (Nd.6) nde-re-hugg.i.
3. (Nde)
L. (Nde) nde-re-scrivr-ri.
5. (Nag) nde-re-netri.
:O. (Nd6) nde-re-Mba.ap6-i.
7. (tide) nde-re-hendiri.

variable slot substitution

±e-studig. Nde-_.e-studig.-i guarani-me..

re-leg Nde7re-lee-i guarani-me,
aleman Nde-re-lee-i alemgm;pe.
re-scrivr Nde-re_7scrivr-ri alemgm-pe.
ingres Nde-re-scrivr-ri ingles-be.
re-fete N4e-re-Re'i ingles-pe.
Ne-re-fiete-kuag-i ingles-pe.

. conversion

1. Nde re-studig. Vde nae-re-studi51-i.

2. Nde 1;d6

3. Nag re-hu,74: Nde nde-re-hug5.-i.

4. Nd6
5. id e resQxivt If Nde nde-re-scrivr-ri.
6: Nde re-jepohei: Nag nde-re-jepoh6i"ri.
A
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interpreting (tell the truth)

1. Have (name) ask you if he knows how to speak Japanese.

2. Have (name) ask you if he knows how to write Russian.
3. Have (name) ask you if he knows how to read Chinese.
4. Have (name) ask.you if he knows President Johnson.

appropriate response

1. ava-pa nd-o-scrivi-ri hina kotaga-itg?

2. Ndg-pa nde-re-scrivl-ri hina?
3. Xg-pa nd-a-scrivi ri hina?

4. Mava-pa portugugs?
5 Ndg-pa nde-re-ne'a-kuag.-i portugugs?
6. Xg-pa portugugs?

7. Mava-pa nd-oi-kotevri mba'e-vg ko'aga?

etc.

Cycle 4

Manipulation Stage

model

Ndo-ro-ntendg-i. We don't understand.

TO THE STUDENT: The negative form for first person plural (org) is ndo-
before the VERB-and -i following it.

repetition

1. Ndo-ro-karil-i.
2. Ndo-ro-makaneg-i.
3. Ndo-ro-pytu'il-i.
4. Ndo-ro-purangi-ri.
5. Ndo-rc-jepohei-ri.
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 o. Ndo-ro-makaneg-i,aje-pa? Nda-pe-makanee-i.
7. Ndoro-mba.aDO-i, aje-pa? Nda-pe-mba.ap6-i.
b. Ndo-ro-hugg-i, aje-pa?. Nda-pe-huge-i.
aje-pa? Nda-pe-pytu'd-i.
10. Ndo-ro-ourahei-ri, aje-pa? Nda-pe-purahei-ri.

dialog

A. Pee nda-pe-ntende-i, ag-p ?

3. Ndo-ro-ntende-i.

Use Phase

interpretinF,

1 Tell them that they don't study.

2. Tell them that they don't read.
3. Tell them that they don't write.
4. Tell them that they don't work.
5. Tell them that they don't know how to talk.

directed discourse

1. Er-6 ix;37-pe kuera nd-o-mba.apri ,

2. Er-6 iml-pe kuera nd-o-ntende% he.

3. Er-6 ixa-pe kuera rd-o-hendiri 114.
4. Er-4 ixa-pe kuera nd-o-ke-i h4.
Er-6 ixi).-pe kuera nd-o-jerokSri
6. Er-6 ixl...;-pe kuera nd-o-pytu'iri he.

Interpreting

1, Have (name) tell (name) and (name) that they don't work.
2. i-16.-re (name) tell (name) and (name) that they don't play,
Have (name) tell (name) and (name) that they don't live in Seattle.
4. Have (name) tell (name) and (name) that they don't know how to read
Chinese.
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 Nda-ja-karfi-i-pa?
o. Nda-ja-jerokg-i-pa Nda-ja-jerokg-i.
7. Nda-ja-jepoheiri-pa? Nda-ja-jepohei-ri.
o Nda-jaj-ap6-i-.-pa? Nda-jaj-ap6-i.

9. Nda-Ha-He'& va.era-i-pa? Nahaniri. Nd9.."--.Ha-heq va.era-i.

IO. Nda-Ha-mba.apO va.era-i-pa? Nahaniri. Nda-Ha-mba.apO

1
Nda-ja-karts va.era pa. Nahaniri. Nda-ja-kara
luda. jaj-apO va.erS-i-pa? Nahaniri. Nda-jaj-apO va.erri.
3. .cla-ja-jeroky va-era-i-pa? Nah-aniri. Nda-ja-jerok
va.era

model

,a-ne e
;.
Let's speak English.

dialog

B. Clase-pe nda-H.a-Req va.era-i ingles-pe.

Use Phase

directed dialo

1. E-porandfi xe-ve a.-jerok3r' va.era'pa clase-pe.

2. E-porandu Ea-Het& va.era-pa clase-pe.
3. E-porandfi ja-hug l va.era-pa pelota
4. E-porandil ja-kara va.era-pA. cancha-pe.
, E-porandfi ja-ke va.era-pa cafeteria-pe.
0. E-porandil Ha=makanea va.era-pa hdlpital-pe.

appropriate response
,
Mba'e-pa nda-jaj-apo va.era-i clase-pe?
.

i.
2. 'Xba'e-pa nda-jaj-aPO va.era-i biblioteca-pe?
3. Mba'..,:-pa nda-jaj-apO va.era-i cafterfa-pe?
4. Mba'e-pa nda-jaj-apO va.era-i hospital-pe?
5. Mbatg-pa nda-jaj-ap3 va.era-i dormitoriO=pe? .
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 -2/0
translation

1. don't knoW how to work.

2. You don't know`" howl eat.
3. We (incl) don't. know how to regd.
4. We (excl) don't know%how-to..write.
5. You don't know how to dance.
6. You (pi) don't know how to ask.
I. They don't know how to sing.
8. Carlos doesn't know how to do it,-

Cycle 6

Manibulation Phase

model

Peva nda-hale-i t_ta-kug. That is not an oven.

Nda-hale-i tata-kug peVa. It's not an ovens, that.

TO THE STUDENT: Arerbless phrases are negated by 'rida before the NOUN and
i following.

substitution

Kure (pig) Nda-hate-i kure peva.

Jagug (dog) Nda-hate-i jagug peva.

Mburikg (burro) Nda-hate-i mburikg peva.

Mberil (fly).
Nda-ha'e-i mberil peva.

Mbarakajg (cat) Nda-hate-i mbarakaSg peva.

)
model

1%.ova 'pa tata-.Kua::

Is this an oven?
pa itova9

dia.2:2E

A. K&jaoa tta-kug.?

3. 7jahaniri. takug.-peva

- Use Phase

arobriate -esbans.- to pictures)

KCva-ba Daeca (kOva)?

(k6va)?

directed discourse

L.---norandU ea;-pe mberu ba k6va.

Cycle 7
4
anibulation Phase

mcdel

:axe4-4ra-.i Carlo's. name is not Carlos.

tj
model

Nde-r.:e'ra-pa 'Carlos? Is your name Carlos ?'

diaio

-., -
A. Nde rera pa Carlos3

B. Nananiri. Nda-xe4-era-i Carlos.

Use Phase

interpreting

1. Ask (name) if his name is Carlos.

2. Ask (name) if his name is Jose-.

AO.
directed discourse

1. E-porandil (.;era)-pe nda-fiera-i-pa Carlos.

2. Er-e nde-rei-kri
3. Mba'e-pa ha'e he-'I
(Ha'e he-'i kuri nd-oi-kri
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 dialog

A. Nda-ikatC-i-pa re -nee ingles-pe?

B. pero nd-a-fie'e-se-i.
: A. Mba'e re-pa nd ingles?
-1'

Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

model

Nd-a-fieq-kuaa mo'.a-i guarani. I won't know how to speak

Guarani.

TO THE STUDENT: The future marker ta changes to mo'a in the negative.

substitution

pie Nd-a-fie'e mo'a-i guarani.

Hate Na-o-ile18 mota-i guarani.
Ore Nao-ro-fieq mota-i guarani.
Nde Nde-re-fie'a mota-i guarani.
Dande Nda-fia-fie'e mota-i. guarani.
Pee Nda-pe-fie'e moiri guarani.

conversion

e-- A-He'e ta. Nd-a-fieq mo'a-i.

A-hendil ta. Nd-a-henda mo'a-i.
A-ntende ta. Nd-a-ntende mota-i.
A-studig ta. Nd-a-studie. knota-i.
. A-lee ta. Nd-a-lee
A-lug g ta. Nd-a-huga
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Nd-a-Hate-ye-i ramo, nd-a-scrivi-:kuaa mota-i guarani.

Nd-a-Ha'e-ye-i ramo, nd-a-fie"6-kuaa mo'a-i guarani.

N..

Nd-a-stadia-vei ramo, nd-a-fie'-kuaa mc'a-i guarani.

patterned response

'1. Mbate re-pa re-stadia-ve hina?

Nd-a-stadia-ve-i ramo, nd-a-He'e7-kuaa mo'a-i.
2. Mba re'..pa re-file."e-yg hina?
ramo, nra-fie''6-kua'a
3. Nba re-pa rej-apo-ve nina?
Nd-aj-4o-ye-i ramo, nd-,aj-apO-kuaa mota-i.
4. Mba 'e re-pa re-lee-ve hina?
- Nd-a,lee-ye-i ramo, nd-a-lee-kua mo'a-i.

model

Mbate re-pa re-stadia-ye hina? Why are you studying more?

dialog

A. Mbace re-pa re-stadia-ve hina?

B. Nd-a-stadia-vg-i ramo, mota-i guarani.

dialog

Mbate-pa of -k6 to nde-re-fieta-i r8? What will happen. 11 you don't.

speak?
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 dialog_

A. Mbaeg-pa to nde-re-rieeri r&i?

e-kuag ro, nda-ikata mc78 -i a-pytg Paragugi-pe.

Cycle 10

Manioulation Phase

model

Nda-ikat1S-i gui.
Because I couldn't (or can't).

. TO THE STUDENT: g2.1i is also used in the meaning of 'because'.

I wanted to stay here.

A-pyta-s6 kuri a-pe.
Because I wanted to stay here.
A-tiYta-se gui kuria-pe.

dialog

A. Moo- na re-h6 ra:e? Misa ha-pe-pa?

Nahaniri, a-ha kurl jerky ha-pe. Mbaeg re-pa nde-re-ju-i ra.e

B.
xe-ndivg?

A. gui.
patterned response

:1c3--2a re-he ra.e? Asa hg.-De-Da?

.NahEnir, a7ha Y.ba'6 re-Da
..,:e-re-ju-i ra.e xe-ndiv6?
da-ikat:1 suf..;

re-hLe La :7-:orairo ha-De-pa?

::ahaniri, a-ha kur (misa) ha-Pe. na'e re-Da
nde-re-ju e xe-ndive9

:.:05-pa re-he La je-kar-guasu hg.- De -pa`'

Nah-anir. A-ha kuri ha-De. ba'g re-pa
nie-re-ju-i ra.e xe-ndive.9

Yorca re-he raA? La Fie-mbo-'e ha- De -Da?

NahLniri. A-ha kur;' Mba-g re-pa
nde-re-ju-i ra e xe-ndive?

Ylc5-pa o-ho ra.e la nde-socio? isa ha-De-pa tera-Da baile hg. -De?
Ha'e o-ho kurl ha-pe. 'Mba'e re-pa
nde-re-hei he-ndive?

2 o-ho ra.e la xe-hermallo? Reunion ha- -De-Da tera-pa Dartido

Ha'6 c-H6 karl ha-De. Mba'g re'pa

nde--e-he-i

Morpa o-he ra.e ,a x,--1-21? La o-mano va ha-pe-pa tera-pa la e-kara-

g-usu ha-De?
-
,.. -no kur.l. hg.-Der :rba'e re-Da nde-re-ho-i
ra.e he-ndiv,a?.

Yoo pa o-h6 ra.e la xe-s-&'? La He-mb.-'e ha-pe-Da tera-pa cantro-pe9

0-h6 kurl ha -pe. re-Da nde-re-hO'i

ra.e he-ndiva?

model

A-ha kuri xe-amigo-ndi. went with my friend.

TO THE STUDELT: -ndi(ve.).'in accompaniment with' in combination with person

nouns, generally occurs without the ve:

Carlos-nda
'arlos ha Marla-ndi
karal-ndl
 A

N. B. 'with' in the sense by

means of as in 'he killed him
with a pencil' is translated
with me, not with ndi(ve):.

0-juka meter 1gPis-pe.

model

Mava-ndi-pa re-h6 ra.e? Who did you go with?

TO THE STUDENT: Mava-ndi or mava-ndive means 'with whom'.

dialog

A. Mava-ndi-pa re-h6 ra.e baile hg,pe?

B. A-hg. kuri peter xe-Pmigo7ndi.

-
A. Nde pa re-jerokSr.-kuag.?

B. Mixi mi-rite .

Use Phase

-listening for comprehension

Xe a-hg. kuri peter je-kara-guasute.-pe.

(etc.)

appropriate response

1. Mava-pa o-h6 ra.e,peter je-kara-guasu hg.-pe

2. Kuehe-pa a-hg. ra.e ?

(etc.)
.:ell :he

re-kar :a kcira ?

3 Maa-ndi-ca re-karu-s:4

P.e-karu-s-pa xe-nd;ve ko cyhar ?

5 MLva-ndipa re-kru-se ko cyhare 9

Cycle 11

Manipulation Phase

model

karat Lopez -..... e want to speak (some with

?o-ne e-se ri
2.:r. Lopez.

?
I
,Arr.at
B.

Yay we speak (a little wit'n

ro-.e 'e mr
Lopez ?

70 THE SThTh7: mi 'a little', 'some' is -freouently used as a modulator

:sentences like :he above.

conversion (add the modulator mr to the verb complex)

Bo-n-;'e-se bende-ndiv4.
o-s pende-rdiv6.
A-mb?....apo-s6 cende-ndive.

0-ca-s6 celota nande-ndive.

:katZ1-pa rc-ne'Ye'mi pende-ndiv

:KacPa 'e t,.nde-ndive ?
Ikatd-pa rc-mba.ap6 pende-ndir6 ?

Ikatd-pa ja-studies ne-ndive

Ikatd-pa ja-hug 5. pelota he-ndivEl:

kuera ?

repetition

ikatdpa ro-H";'e mi karaf Carlos-ndi .

ikatd-pa ro-Here mi karaf Carlos-ndi ?

ikatd-pa ro-haga mi nde-hermano-ndi ?

Ikatu pa ro-na'e mi nde-hermano-ndi

.
?
-

Ikatd-pa ro-h6 mi-pe kuriataf-ndi ?

Ikatd-pa a-He"Te mi pe kuriataf-ndi ?

Ikatd-pa mi pe*araf-ndi ?

Patterned response

1. Ikatd-pa ro-hite mi karaf.Carlos-ndi ? Mava-ndi ?

2. Ikatd-pa ro-fre"e mi nde - hermano -ndi ? Mava-ndi ?

3. Ikatd-pa mi pe kuriataf-ndi.? Mava-ndi ?

4. Ikatd-pa ro-re mi pe karal-ndi'? Mava-ndi ?

5. mi Na Maria-ndi ? Mava-ndi ?

o. Ikatd-Pa ro-fiVe mi Don Jose-ndi ? Mava-ndi ?

model

You may.

Mba'e gui-piko nd-ikata mo'a-i. Of course you may.

(literally: 'why couldn't you ?'

or":.the Spanish 'cOmo no')

`1
 a. gui-piko means. 'why'; 'because of what ?'
tiko is a cuestion marker like pa. The difference
petween pa and piko seems to be in the attitude of.
the speaker toward the person addressed. Piko is used
generally to show a close personal interest in the
matter. Pa is more direct and shows neutrality
c. :s frecuently shortened to nd-ikatii-i.

conversion chane ca to ,11.c.0;

er-S ra.ji ? ba7iko er-s ra.&' ?

"ca'S re-n rej-u ra.e :o 5.-pc ?

Mba'S g iza re-he rare nde-;-ega-pe ?

Re-kLru-spa xe--udivS?

dialog

A. Ikatil-pa ro-He'e mi karal Lopez-nd! ?

Ikat. gui-piko ndikatu mn'a-i pe-has., pe-guap.

ta

Ro-agadec6

Jse Fhase

listening for comprehension

Fp-pert° ha Francisco eiota i-pore kugra o-guahe ha o-jepopete

d'ohGarc-ra ;-6ga-porten-De. 0-se peteI mita-kuEaha -porandil x.17:1-pe
-ku6.ra. ,:ca e pa pei-pc>t ?

ro-fliTe mI Don Garcia-ndi ?" he-' i Roberto.

?" ne-'1. la mita-kuHa.

a
"Don Garca-ndi", te=--'5. Francisco, "tera-pa
?"

"Ikatia Mba'S gui-piko nd-ikatia mo'ri. En seguida." la

mita-ku::a ha ol-k6 laOga-pe ha en seguida o-s 4. jevfi na
pende-ndive, mba'S-pa
"Don Garcia ndikat -

pei-potL"
Or ro-hga-sg pelota, ha roi-kuaa-se ikatfrpa ro-huga i-canhha-pe",
e-'1 Roberto.

4ba'6,gui-piko mota-i, Ikatu pe-haga-se ove-nte.

Don Garcia-raZ-", la Mita-kufia.

pnropriate response

Xorpa o-h6 Roberto ha Francisco ?

Mbate-pa ogue-re ha i-p3-pe kugra?'
Mava-pa o-se henda-pe kugra ?
Mbate-pa o-porandu kugra.la,mita-kufia ?
Mba'g-pa he-'i Roberto ?
Ha mba'g-pa he-'1 Francisco ?
Mbatg-pa oj-ap6 la mita-kufia ?
Mbatg-pa oi7kuaaiieg Don Garcia
Ikatirpa o-fie'e he-ndive kugra Don Garcia ?
Mba."6-pa o-haga-se Roberto ha Francisco ?
Mo6-pa.o-haga-se Roberto ha Francisco ?
Mbate-pa,he-11 la mita-kulla ?
MEva-rajy-pa la mita-kufia ?

Cycle 12

Manipulation Phase

del

0-I-pa so'6 ? Is there meat ? .(Hay carne ?)

0-I-pa jety ? :
Are there sweet potatoes ?

THE STUDENT: The verb o-I is equivalent here in meaning to Spanish hay.
It makes no differentiation between singular and plural.
ststitution

so'6 0-1pa so'O ?

jet S: ?
jetcr
,--- 0-pa pirg. ?
kumandg Cceans) 0-1-pa kumandg ?
0-pa juk,?
jaky-sS'r
0-I-ma jay-Sy ?

Nda-i-pori. There isn't (no hay).

To THE STUDENT: nda-i-no-ri is the negative form of c-1 when it means

_

hay'; nda-i-no-ri mba'e re-pa means 'no hay de clue'.

Use Phase

listening for comprehension

0-1 pirg. pero nda-i-no-ri so'O.

0-: kumandg. pero nda-i-noTri arrOs.
3-: jaky-s:;- pero jukfi.

appropriate response

1. 0-pa so'6 ?
2. 0-I-pa arrOs ?
3. 0-I-pa jaky-s:7 ?

C-1-pa clase ko'att'a ?

0-I ta-na clase ko'ero ?
0-I-pa ra. clase domingo ?
 Cycle 13

Manipulation Phase

model

Hi'E xe-ve of -me centro-pe. I think he's in town.

Oi-me ne centro-pe hina. He might be in_town.

A lo mejor of -me- centro-pe. Perhaps he' in town.

TO THE STUDENT: The verb -1me is used in location expreisions like

Spanish-estar.

substitution

centro HiTgi xe-ve oi-me centro-pe.

tupaO (church) Hita xe-ve oi-me tupaO-ne.

cine Hita xe-ve oi-me cinehg4pe.

mercado' Hi'd xe-ve of -me` mercado-pe.

centro Oi-me ne centro-pe hina.

tupaO 021-me ne tupa6=ne hina.

cine 01-me ne cine-ha-pe hina.

mercado Oi-me ne mercado-pe hina.

centro A lo mejor oi-me centro-pe.

tupaO A lo mejor oi-me tupaO-pe.

cine A lo mejor oi-me cine-ha-pe.

mercado A lo mejor oi-me mercado-pe.

."..,
 -9 7
-1,--rable slot substitution

.,HL'a x6-ve halg centro-pe kolg:ga.

Hi'd tuoao-ne ,ko'aga.
Hi' L x6-ve bi-m tupa6-pe
Hi'l ku6raof-m& tupa6-pe ko!Elza.
A lc me;Or ha' ku,5ra oi-me tupa6-pe ko'5.ra.

model

A. :-I-pa hfna nde-;-11.? Is your father (at home)?

hna. He's not home).

TO THE STUDENT: The verb o-1 is used like 'estar' in Spanish to indicate
'being present or at home'. T negative of o-i in this usage is not
the irregular nda-i-coft-i 'out the regular nd-o-i-ri.

model

Yloo-r-a ne? Where would (might) he be?

(D6hde estaria?)

TO THE STUDENT: ne is a costfix which is eauivalent in meaning to the

Spanish suffix -fa in 'estar5,a'.

dialog

A. 0-1-pa hIna hde-.;i1?

3. c1 o-1 ri hina.

A. Ha morpa ne?

B. A to mejor centro-pe.

)-
substitution
.,
xe-roga Aj-d hina xe-;Eiga gui.
mercado Aj-d hina mercado gui.
centro Aj-d hina centro gui.
tupaO (church) Aj-d hina tupac5 gui.
koku.=: (field) AO-d hina kokue gui.
Luque Aj-d hina Lucue gui.
Paraguay .
Aj-d hina '..Pragua:y gui.
aeropuerto Aj-d hina aeropuerto gui.
upe Aj-d hina upi.! gui.

model

Moo gui-pa rej-d hina? Where are you coming from?

TO THE STUDENT: mob' gui-pa 'from where'.

dialog

A. Moo gui-pa rej-d hina?

B. Aj-d xe-1.6ga gui.

patterned response

Moo gui-pa nde rej-d hina? Centro gui-pa?

Hee, aj -il hina centro gui.

2. Mo6 gui-pa nde rej-d hina? Tupa6 gui-pa?

Hee, aj-d hina tupe.6.gui.

3. Moo gui-pa nde rej-d hina? gui-pa?

Hee, aj-d hina xe-roga.gui.

4. Moo gui-pa pee pej-d hina? Mercado gui-pa?

Hee, roj-li mercado gui.

Moo gui-pa rej-d ra...? Centro gui-pa?

Hee aj-d kurl centro gui.
 i.103 2arios hIna? .-'.ca guica
ha gui.

6-- _a.e: iupa5 guiPa?

:cur l' -Luz:a6 gui.

3. gui7,ya ra:e? Mercado gui-pa?

kurls mercado gui.

Phase

directed discourse

1
E-borand "1..era)-pe mo:O gui ca c-il hina-
2. E-porandia -.era)-pe mot gui-pa xe aj-a.
3. E-porandil (t-era)-pe mcc gui-pa c-u ra_e,
.. E-porandC (f.era)-pe moo ,Jui--oa xe aj-1-".1 ra.e.
5. E-porandil (a)-o' o-f:-pa hTna (afeterTa gui.
0. --,Pornd ;,:era)-re o-'.. ca ra.e dormitcrio gui.
--porandi (=":,era aj-u pa ra.e ciase gui-
- L-poraridri er?..-pe jaj-ia-pa hina hospital gui.

interhreting

- Ask (nam) where he's cooling from.

H ave '(aame ask (aame where he's coming from,
. Ask (name. wher. he just came from.
7 Have Inane' a=,k (name where ae just came from.
-:. Ask (name if he's o.cmiag from church-
, Have (name ask (name if he's coming from church.
7 Ar: (name if -,,ejust came from over there.
c. have (name ask name) if he just came from over there.
LTC,

listening for compreheni-'ca

Ko voluntario 3;11. California gui, ha peva 0-11. Texas gui. va

California gui nera Roberto, ha la o-d va Texas gui here. David.
appropriate response

Mo5 gui-pa la voluntaric va Roberto?

Ha mo5 o-il la voluntario here. va David?
Mo gui-pa nag rej-,a? Norteameirica gui ter a -pa Sudanerica gui?
MOO gui-pa o-la la nde-socio?
Mo5 gui-pa o-a la nde-sf;r?
Y.6 aj-,a kur:1 cafeteria gui? Nd6-pa ra.e upe gui aver ?
Carlos am6 Eui. ha ride?
Mo5 gui-pa pee pej-la ra.e?

model

Jai-pe'g la i-ky'g va la i-poti Let's separate (guitar) the

va gui. dirty ones from the clean ones.

substitution

Teacher: Jai-pe 'g la i-kv'g va la i-Doti va gui.

Student: Jai-pe 'g la i-ky'g va la i-poti va gui.
P
Teacher: Jai-pe 'g la 22.1.1rva la hesai va gui.
Student: Jai -De 'g la nasS- va la hesRi va gui.

Teacher: Jai-pe 'g la i-pukii va la mbykS7 va gui.

Student: Jaipe 'g la i-pukii va la m"wykcr va gui.

Teacher: jai-pe ig la i-kyrg va la.piril va gui.

,Student: Jai-pe

Teacher: Jai -pe :ag

Student: Jai-pe 'g la i-tujg va la i-pyahu va gui.

model

Mba' 6- jaj-apO to ko Tg. aO gui ?. What shall we do with these

clothes?

l),
substitution

2eacher: Mba'e-na ja-abc5 ta ko'd 2.6 gui?

Student: Ybe.',5-pa ja,]-apd ta ko'd aO gui?

:eacter: jaj-apo ta kola ryguasd ray gui?

Student: Mbate-ma jaj-apc5 ta ko'd ryguasd ray gui?

Teacher: Mba'e-pa jaj-ap6 ta ko'd guyrg gui?

Student: Mba'6.-ca jaj-aD6 ta kola gnyra gui?

Mba'-eca jaj'-ap6 ta ko'd kur6 gui?

Student: Mba'eba ja,j-ap6 ta ko'd kure-gui?

M-ca',5-ba jaj-apc5 ta-ko'd sapatd gui?

Student: Xba"6-ba jaj-ap5 to ko'E sapatd gui?

Cycle lb

Manipulation Phase

model

r -e xu-pC'e an: nesargi ti Tell nim not to forget his

i -livrc gui. bock.

o
Ar!' ti nde-livro Don't forget your. book.

STUD;7:T: P,esaxg.i is a QUALITY VERB. Its object (in English

translation) is followed by gui. One 'forgets from something"

c. The imperative forms of 7,--esargi are:

. ..
,de-resarai xugui.
6 Forget him!
Pende-;esargi xugul. Forget him!
An,' (kena) nde-resargi (ti xugui! Don't forget him!
An: (k.-na) pende-;-esargi (ti) xugun Don't forget him'.
 directed discourse
,. gui.
Er-e mi (tera) -pe ani ilesargi ti
2. Er -e mi. (Sera) -pe ani lesargi ti xe-lgpis gui.
3. Er-e mi (Se: a) -pe an T. hesargi ti nde-sg gui.
4. Er-e mi (tera ha 1-Ara)-pe ani flesargi ti nde4.0 gui.
5. Er-e mi tera ha tera)-pe ani riesargi ti nde-coche gui.
6. rx-e mi (tera ha tera)-pe ani ilesargi ti .xe-chicagui.
7. Er -e mi (tera ha Sera) -pe ani riesargi ti SOga
8. Er-e mi. (tera ha Sera)-pe ani fiesargi ti tiara gui.
9. :,..r-e mi (-tera ha igra)=;e ani
Lsargi ti xe-heguf.
13. Er-e mi (tera ha tera)-De ani Lsargi t_ nde-heguf.

model

0-kakirpa ra.e nde-hegui la Did you lose your money?

nde-plata? (Se le perdi5 su dinero?)

Hee, ho-'g kurl xe-heguf. Yes, I dropped it.

-(Si, se me cay6.)

TO THE STUDENT: 1. The structure of these sentences is comparable to the

structure of the Spanish eauivalents.

2. Conjugation of the vowel-stem verb -'a 'to fall'. (As with most
other vowel-stem verbs, -ia is irregular only in first person singular
and third person.)

ho- I fall ro-'a we fall

ja we fall

re-'6 you fall g. you fall

ho he falls
 =23 3

translation
0-kaiirloa ra.e nde-hegui la nde -
1. Did. you lose ypur money?
pl at a?

Did I lose my money? 0-kahrpa ra.e xe-hegui la xe-

2.

3. Yes, you dropped it. Hee ho-'g

L. Did we lose our gold?

5. Yes, you (p1) dropped it.

o. Did he lose hiS gold?

Yes, he dropped it.

Use Phase

acpronriate restonse

:4oe-ba o-ked-1;:"- ra. \e nde-hegtZ la nde-livro?

ra. C nde-heguf" la ride-15.pis?
And.ka'epa o-kaFly nde-neguf la nde-rel5 ?
ixa-p% ra.e nde-heguf la ::se -anillo?
5. Y.ca14pa la o-ka:'Y ya L:arlos gui?

interbretin

Ask :-,.ame) *Jhel-e he lost his wat.ch.

Ask rhame) when he lost his glasses (lente).
Ask (hame, how he lost his money:
Ask :ame f.f he lost nis book.
Ask (hame) where you dropped your ring.
o. Ask r.aze) how : dropbed mz,- glasses.
As r.ame) we dropped our necklace (collar).
3. Ask L7.ame) if they dropbed their books.
 -2 3 4/
Cycle 15

Manipulation Phase

model

A-hg hina xe-Oga-pe. I'm going to m' house.

TO THE STUDENT: Remember that the verb -ho 'go' is irregular in the
first person singular and inclusive.

ro-he
a-hg
ha

re-he 1)e-he

o -he

substitution

xe A-hg hina xe-1-6ga:pe.

Hande Ja-hg hina fiande-rega-pe.
pee Pe-he hina pende-rega-pe.
nde Re-he hina nde-rega-pe.
or Ro-he hInapore-rrega-pe.
hare 0-he hina hOga-pe.

xe A-hg kuri xe-I-Oga7pe.

and Ja-hg kuri fiande-rega-pe.
peE Pe-h6 kuri pende-rega-pe.
nde Re- he. kuri nde-rega-pe.
ore Ro-he kurlore-rega-pe.
ha'e 0-he kuri hOga-pe.

dialog

A. Moo-pa re-he hina?

B. A-hg hina xe-Oga-pe.

 3,5-

Patterned response

1. Moo pa re-h6 ra.e? Luque-pe pa tera Pa Paraguay -pe?

A -hg. kuri -pe.

2. Morpa re -no ra.e? Villarrica-pe-pa tera-pa Concepcion. -pe?

A-he. kuri -pe.

ETC.

Use Phase

listening for comprehension

Xe a-he. kuri Luque-pe.

Jose o-hO kurl upg-pe avel.
Ha David-amigo o -h? kuri Paraguay -pe.

appropriate response

Moo-pa y.4 ra.e?

Ha moo-pa Jose o-ho ra.e?
:+d-o-ho-i-pa ca-e Paraguag-pc?
David o -no kuri Luque-pe aje-pa?

(tell the truth)

5. Moo-pa nde ro-ho-se ko',gra?
6. Mob-pa nde re-h6 to ko'era?
Mo5-pa nde ro-h6 ra.e kuehg?
C. Mo5-pa nde re-nd'va.era ko'aga?
9- Nde-pa re-h5 ra.e banco-pe ko"era?
 .234,

Cycle 16

Manipulation Phase

model 7

A--h kuri la reunion hg-pe. I went to the meeting.

TO THE STUDENT: Certain things, when conceived of as activities or events .

which are held and which one may attend require apostfix hg. Many words
which take this postfix are also used without it torefer to a Plabe or
to name an activity. For example:

reunion the name of the activity.

reunion hg the 'holding' of a meeting, the activity or
event which one may attend.

misa (Catholic 'mass') the name of the activity.

misa hg the 'holding' of mass, the activity or
event one may attend.

jerokg the name of an. activity or event.

jerokS.r. hg the 'holding' of the event.

travaho work
travaho hg Place of work

substitution

casamiento hg A-hg hina peter casamiento

cumpltaZoa hg A-hg hina peter cumpleallos hg-pe.
santo gra hg A-ha hina peter santo Ira hg-pe.
baile ha A-hg hina peter baile hg-pe.
fiesta hg A-hg hina peter fiesta hg-pe.
partido hg . A-hg hina peter partido hg-pe.
cine hg A-hghina peter cine hg-pe.
desfile hg (parade) A-hg hina peter desfile hg-pe.
carrera ha ;races) A-hg hrna la carrera hg-ne.
la je-kara guesu-hg .(banquet) A-hg hIna la je-karagua.:su
114-pe.
fiorairo hg (fight) A-hg-hina la florairo hg-re.
fie-fiaty ha (burial) A-hg hina la fie-floty hg-pe.
o-nano va hg (funeral) A-hg-hina la o -mano va hg-pe.
velorio:ng (wake) A-hg hina la velorio hg-ne.
kure-daka hg (pig killing) A-hg hina la kure-jaka hg-pe.
Fle-mbOTe hg (praying place) A-hg hina la fie-mbb'e hg-pe.

dialog

A. Morra re-h6 ra:e?

B. A-hg kurl la reunion hg-pe.

model

Ja-hg xe-ndive. Come with me.

(literally: Let's go with me.)

he-ndiye. Come with him.

'TO THE STUDENT: ndive 'in Fzcmpaniment' in combination with pronouns:

Ixe-ndil; ore-ndive
Sande -ndive
Ir.de-ndi,.1.
he-noivg pende-tdive
he-7adive kuera

'Come with me' 2.5. la-hg ye not ej-il xe-naive. 'Come with him' is
he-ndiv6.
 oz38
patterned response

1. Morpa re -ho hina? La fiesta hg-pe-pa?

a-hg la fiesta hg-pe. Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

2. , Morpa re-he hina? Peter cine

a-hg peter cine hg-pe. Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

3. Moo-pa re-he hina? Nde-amigo-cumpleafios hg-pe-pa?

Hge, a-hg xe-amigo.-cumpleafios hg-pe. Ja-hg
xe-ndivg.

4. Moo-pa re-he hina? Peter fie-ftOty hg-pe-pa?

Hge, a-hg peter fie-fiOty hg-pe. Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

5. Moo-pa re-he hina? La nd-hermano-fie fi8ty hgzpe-pa?

Hge, a-hg xe-hermano-fie7fiOty hg-pe. Ja-hg
xe-ndivg.

6. Moo-pa re-he hina? Peter fibrairo hg-pe:pa?

Hge, a-hg peter fiordiro hg-pe; Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

t
 .739
Cycle 17

Manipulation Phase

Patterns for study

A-sE ta ko'5. gui. I'll leave from here.

0-U ta amo gui. He'll come from there.

ore-heguf ore-Plata. He took our money from us.

(se nos auit6 el dinero)

Mba'e-pa aj-apO ta i-xugun What shall I make from it, or

what shall I do with it?

0-kak7 i-xugui i-plata. He lost his money (se le perdiO

:de el] su plata)

Xe-resarai ta,pende-heguf. I w_11 forget you.

Oi-k6 ta xuguf gente pora. He'll become a f4...e person.

10 THE S7I2DENT:
1. The basic meaning of Eui is 'from' or 'out of'. Note also the
numerous 'idiomatic' uses above.

2. Person paradigm cf

xe-hgui cre-negui
Hande-hegu:.

nde-heglZ pende-heguf

xugui or i-xugua/.

model

AJ-U ulna xe-:"Oga gui. I'm coming from my house.

 Ir

YO

Cycle 18

Manipulation Phase

model

(--
A-nace vakue Itaculami-me. I was b9rn in Itapu'ami.

substitution

0-nace 0-nace vakue-Itapu'emT7me.

0 -mends
0 -mends vakue Itapulami-me.
0-man6 vakue Itapuiami-me.
0 -mangy
0 -fie --note vakue Itapu'ami-me.
0-fie-flotY

model

Morpa o-nace raka.e ? Where was he born ?

substitution
Moo-pa o-nace raka.e ? :
0-nace
Moo pa raka.e ?
0-meridg
Morpa O-mane raka.e ?.
0-man6
Moo-pa o-ne-fiotY raka.e ?
0-Be-note`

dialog

A. Moo pa re-nace raka.e ?

B. A-nac4 vakue Itapu'ami-me.

A. Ha morpa o-pytgi ?
B. Nda-i-mombyrl-i Luaue gui
 ..1*-7(/

Jse 1:;haqe 6

ancrocriate response

'Moo-pa nde re -race raka.e ?

2. Morpa o-nae raka.!=. ?

3. Moo-pa rej-ag raka.e primer grade ?

aja M6hio-pe, re-hexa-pa raka.e heta mbate ?

5. Araka'e-pa re-guah'e rakace ko'a-ne ?

patths for study

Mba'4-pa re-porandil Nina ? What are you asking

b. Mba'6-pa la re-porandil Cvai hina? What is it CthatJ you are asking ?
Mba'4-pa la re-poAndu-se Eva3 ? What is it Ltnat3 you wish to ask ?

d. Mba',1-pa is re-porandil ta Cva]? What is it [that ask ?

e. Mbate-pa is -e-porandil What is it [that] you asked ?
Mba'-pa la re-Loranala Ll.iara]? What is it [that') you must ask ?

THE
vaku, varl, in the above sentences are similar in function to the
relat,:ve pronoun 'that' in English (or clue in Spanish) :

va is used in the present and after ta;

vakue (or: va.ekue) is used in the past;

vary (or: va.eraT is used in the sense of

'should', 'must'.

trahslatLoh

rei-pota hina.? What do you want ?

:rba'6-pa la rei-pota va What is it that you want.?
vaku6 What is that. you wanted
:.la'g-pa la rei-::iota yard ? What is it that you'd like ?
conversion

Mba'g-pa re-jogug ? ?

Mba'g-pa la re-jogug va'?

2. Mba'g re-vendg ? --Mbavg ?'

Mbafe-pa la re-vendg va ?

3. Mba'g-pa re -ape5 hina ? ?

Mba!g-ca la rej-ap6 va hina ?

4 Mbavg-pa re-purahei hina ? --Mba'g ?

Mbatg-pa la re-purahgi va hina ?

5. Mbatg-pa re-porandd ta ? --Mba'g ?

Mba'g-pa la re-porandd ta va ?

0. Mba,'g-pa re-leg ? --Mba'g ?

Mba'e ba la re-leg ta va ?
6.0.

Mbate-pa re-scrivi-se ? --Mba'g ?

Nba'g-pa la re-scrivi-se va ?

8. Mba."6-pa re-stadia-se ? --Mba'g ?

Mba'g-pa la re-stadia-se va ? .

9 Mba'g-pa re-consegui-se ta ?
Mba'gloa la re-consegui7sg ta va

10. Mba'g-pa re-fitersg ta ? --Mbate ?

Mbate-pa is re-riale-sa ta va ?

11. Mbate,pa re-jogug ra.g ? ?

Mba'gpa la re-join:7i vakug ?

12. Mba."6-pa re-vendg ra.e --Mba'g ?

Mbarg-pa la re-vendg vakug ?

13. Mbatg-pa rej-ap6:ra.g --Mba'g ?

Mba'rpa la rej-apa vakug.?

14.. -Mbargpa re-purahgi vary ? --Mbate

Mba'g-pa la re-purahgi vara ?

Mba"4-pa re-porandS vary ? --Mba'g ?

15.
Mba'epa la re-poranda vary ?
Datterns for study

2. a. Mava-pa la rei-Doty va ? Which is the one you want ?

b. Mava-pa la rei-potg ta va ? Which is the one you'll: want ?
c. Nava-pa la rei-pota vaku6.? Which is the one you wanted ?
d. Mava-Pa la rei7pota vary ? Which is the one you'd like ?

TO THE STUDENT:
Mava-pa means both 'who' and,-7'whichY. (Frecuently 'who?' is rendered
gva, so that mava is more - restricted to mean 'which'.)

translation

Maya-pa re-jogSato? Wh;ich one will you buy ?

2. Mava-pa la re-jogug ta va ? ,hNh is the one you'll buy ?
a. Mava'pa re-j5gua-s6 ? Whih one do you want to buy ?
4. Mava-pa la re-j6gua-se va ? Which\'is the one: you want to buy ?
5. Mava-pa-'re-jagua ra.e ? Which one did you buy ?
6. isava-pa la re-jogua vakue ? Which is the one you bought ?
T. KOva-pa la re-jogua yard ? Is this the one you'd like to buy ?

patterns for study

:Sva-De livro la ai-potg va. That book is the one that I want.

Pgva De livrc la ai-rota vakug. That book is the one Ethan ] I wanted..

pe livrc la ai-moo ta vara. That book is the one :that] I'd like.

TO : STUDENT
va, vakue, "Tara in these sentences are equivalent 'cc) the one' or
'the one that...'

translation

Ai-pota peva pe livro. I want that book_ ,

2. Pgva pe livro la ai-Dotes va. That's the book I want.
KOva kO livro la rei-rota vakug. This is the book you wanted.
4. Amova amo livro la re-lee yard. That's the-book you should read.
 Cycle 19

Manipulation Phase

Patterns for study (contrast)

Mba'g thing
Mba'e-vg .nothing

Mava who ?
MEva-vg no one

Moo where ?
Moo-ve nc-where

Araka'g when ?
never

Mbovg how many ?

Mbavy-ve none

TO mHE STUDENT:
From certain interrogative words can be formed the absolute negatives
as shown above by the addition of -vg.

dialog

A. Mg.ve:pa of -k6 a -pe ?

B. mEva-ve

N. lava-pe-pa rei-kuag ConcepciOn-pe ?

Nd-ai-kuag-i mava-vg-pe.

A. Mod-pa of -k6 Rafael-?

B. rid -oi-k Oi moo -vg !

A. Mba'g-pa rei-potg
Nd-ai-pot g-i r_ta'e-ve !

Arakatg-pa jevg to g-be ?

B. Araka'e-ve !
 miva-ve
5.-ne o-u mava-ve
_:u-o-ke-i miva-ve
5.-oe nd o-1 ri mava-ve

rqtterned resoon.;e

. kuri: mava-v4.
.e a -De ? A-pe

ra.e 5.-De ? kuz4"

o-kar

rd -p-kg- kur:77 m;1va-ve.

s-mta.apC ra.e 5.-De ?

completion

:ar1os ogue-rek6 seta mbate ha xe katu

2arlos ogee -rek6 hete Moa'e ha xe katu

frepuently
o-h6 Conceoci6n-oe,

0-7.faha --p"e rut!

 Cycle 20

Manipulation Phase

Wodel

A. Re-vy'g-pilc Paragugi-pe? Are you happy in Paraguay?

B. A-vy'a-it-reT, I'm very happy.

TO-THE STUDENT: There are two levels or grades of superlative 'heightening'.

The first-level superlative, which is usually translated ty 'very', is
rendered by one of the three variants -te; -jte; ete, the choice depending
on the vowel which comes before the suffix:

to follows ca.

itii follows a
et6 follows the other vowels (i; y; u;)

The second -level superlative, which is variously translated 'extremely';

very; 'most'; etc, simply adds rep after a first-level superlative.

substitution

pora I-pora-ite la xe-chica.

val I-val-ete la xechica.
.mboria. I-tboriaha-ete la xe-chica.
mbarete I-mbarete-te la xe-chica.
has lias-ete la xe-chica.

patterned response

1. Re-vyig-piko Paragugi-pe?

2' 0-huga pora-piko? 0-hugg pora-iterel.

3. 0-fie'i pora-piko:

4. C cosing. pora-piko?
 Cycle 21

Maninulat4on Phase

Mba',5 n5ra-pa hIna ko'ago? What time is it now?

sbstittion
Mbar hOra-na hIna kora
Yba'6 dipa hIna koierga?
mes Mbaie mesa hIna koia-ga?

model

ixa-na o-He-norandil la How does one ask 1%)- the time?

r,"6r re?

THE STU:ENT: re (short for rehe) is the equivalent of 'about;

dialog

A. ba'4 ixa-na o-?e-norandil la hOra re?

E. C-je-'6: Mba'6 hOra-pa hina koiaga?

model

Ko'aga la una rupi hIna. It's now about 1.

A-pu'a las doce y media rupi. ,I got up at about 12:30.

TO THE STUDENT: (a) rupi means 'about; approximately'.

(b) The time of day is given in Spanish:

is una menos dies 12:50

las doce y media 12:30

suostitution

re-Pu'a 'Mba'g hOra-pare -pu'a ra.e?

re-Heno (go to bed) Mba'e hOra-pa re -Reno' ra.e?,
3.ej-apo-pg (finish) Mba'g Mira-pa rej-apo-pg ra.e?
re-Repyra (begin) Mbate hOra-pa re-Repyra ra.e?
re-karrl Mba'e nOra-pa re-karra ra.e?
re-rambosg (eat breakfast) Mba'e hOra-pa re-rambosg ra.e?

conversion (add -se ta 'will want to' to the,VERB)

Mba'g hOra-pa re-pu'a? Mba'6 hOra-pa re-pa'a-se ta?

Mba'g hOra-pa re-Reno? Mba'g hCra-pare-Reno-se ta?
Mba'ghOra-pa rej-apc5? hOra-pa rej-apo-sg ta?
Mba'6 nOra-pa reL-Rapyrin Mbate hOra-pa re-fiepyru-s6 ta?
Mba'.6 hOra-pa re-karra? Mba'g hOra-pa re-keru-se ta?
Mba'g hOra-pa re-rambosg? Mba'g hOra-pa re-rambOsa-se ta?

Use Phase

appropriate response

I. Mbaig hOra-pa ko'aga? (9:05)

2. Mba'g hOra-pa ko'aga? (10:15)
3. Mba'g h6ra-pa ko'aga? (11:30)
4. Mbate horn -pa ko'aga? (12:45)
5. Mba'e hOra-pa ko'aga? (1:57)

Mba'g hOra-pa re pu'a ra.e ko pyhare-vg?

7. Mba'g hOra-pa re-Rena ra.e ange pyharg?
8. Mba'g Mira-pa re-karu-se ta?
9. Mba'6 hOra-pa re--rambos6? 9
rf
models

h:na 'What day is 't?

Lu-es, 28 ie -..:ctubre h:na. Monday, October 28.

ra:e kuehe? (kuehe What c.a.y was it yesterday?

amtu6) ciay beforeyesterday)

Domingo (sgvado; kurl. It was Sunday (Saturday).

r-
:;bate di 2 ta-pa hina ko'ero What day will it be tomorrow
ko'e amOu'e. ro) ? day after tomorrow) ?

o'ero Martes ta hina. Tomorrow will be Tuesday.

Tiote that 'sure, ra.e, ta and hYna are used in verbless

sentences.

Use Phase

appropriate resoonse cr directed .:.:Iscourse

Mba'.5 nIna ko'rga ?

di-oa ra.e kuene ?
Mba'g di ta-oa ..Ina ko'ero ?
Mbovy hOra-pa ogue-rek6 petel dig ?
M ov dig ^pa ogee -rek6 oetei semana ?
7bovy semana-pa ogue -rek6 petel-mes ?
.ovy mes-pa ogue-rek6 peter aF.o 2
o. hOra-pa re-se ta koeg. gui?.
 Cycle 22

Manibulation Phase

modei

A-mba.apo-ve kokug-pe. I work mainly in agriculture.

:0 THE STUNT 7 a. -vg 'more' would translate the Spanish principalmente.

b. kokug, literally 'farm' or 'field' is used also in the
sense of 'agriculture', 'agricultural work'.
. .

lexical - substitution

kokug a-mba.apo-ve kokug-pe

cocina (kitchen work) a-mba.apo-ve cocina-me
hojalaterla (tilework) a-mba.lpo-vg hojalaterla-pe
herreria (foundry work). a-mba.apo-vg herrerla-pe
alvafiileria (masonry) a-mba.apo-vg alvaailerla-pe
aO-ap6 (tailoring) a-mba.apo-ve ao- apo -pe

model

Mbarg-pe-pa re-mba.ap6 ? In what do you work ?

t.-

mba'g-be-ua means 'in what ?'

dialog

A. Mba'g-pe-pa re-mbalpo-vg ?

B. A-mbaApo-ve kokug-pe.

341
 Pha

listening for comprehension

Francisco albaHil, zero o-mta.aco- Ci-ko-se gui ifi-hermano

Pedro ha Daniel ndi.
avel: hero o-ba.apo-v;:: la koku-ne. Daniel katu o-mba.apo-v
nojalater!..a7pe, ha,ecfpirek6, a::-ap6-pe ha cocina-me.

appropriate response

ca' -Depa o-mba:azo-v Francisco 7

o-mba.ap.6 L eL ;embrec5 ?
Ha :an:el ?
Pedro-pa mEva ?
re-za Francisco n-Ipba.apo-- la koku6-Pe ?
:1Paie-pe-pa ode re-mta.ap6 ?
Moo-pa o-mba.apC ?

Mba'67pe-pa o-;mba.ap5 :de-s7 ?

Cycle 23

Ylanipulation Phase

A-,tuane kuehe ambu6. I arrived the day before

yesterday.

?..ueh e ambu6 A-guahe kurl kuehe ambue

Aje'l (a vile ago) A-guahe kurl aje'i
Las cuatro rupi Las 4 rani a-guahe kurl
nge-t6 (j1.st now) nge-ttl a-guahe kur].'
.;,nge pyhar6 (last night) Ang pyhare-a-guahe kurl
pynare-v..=:; this morning) pyhare-v a-ane kuri'
 Ararla'g-ca re-guahe ra.e kcig-De? 'e,-hen did ycu get here ?
Araka'gpa 2e-se ta ko'5. gui ? When will you leave from here ?

Arakapa re-gua_e ra.e ko'g-ce ?

Ic.uehe ambug.

Use Phase

mate resconse

o-guahe ra.e Francisco Paragu4-pc ?

211.ava-pa Francisco ?
>:0o-pa o-ho-se Carlos ndi-vg ?
ra o-ho-se Brasil-pe ?
, Francisco-pa o-to-se Brasil-pe o -juka hagua jagun
0. Francisco o-fieve-se inglgs, ajg-pa ?
:4:cave-pa o-porandU Carlos, Francisco-De ?
a. Araka'g-pa 0-se ta Carlos ha Fran4isco ?
9. Arakarg-pa o-guahe ta Brasil-pe Carlos ha Francisco?
lC. Araka'g-pa re-se ta ko'g. gui ? Ko'ero-pa ?
Araka'g-pa o-guahe ra.e la nde-amigo ko'g-pe

listening for comprehension

Kuehg o-guahe kurt Paraguay -pe Francisco, Carlos-amigo. Francisco o-U

Carlos :77Oga7pe oi-potg. gui Carlos 0-116 hendivg Brasil-pe, rio Amazonapevg.
Francisco 6-ho-se o-juicy hagua jaguaretd'ha o-fie'e-se gui la Amazona-pe gua
indio kUgra fic'e.
Ha Carlos c-porandU Francisco-pe: 'Araka'e-pa fia-se ta ko'a-gui ?'
'tunes las 3 rupi', ne-'1 Francisco. 'Ha araka'g-pa fia-guahe ta Brasil-pe',
0-porandU Carlos..
 11.

Manibu7,,t'on Phase

model

a-mbopu-kuag.-i mbaraka. : don't know how to play the guitar. 1

subtitutibn

:,:baraka
3z-a-mboou-kuag.i mbarak.

Ea .rba ? Nd-a-mbopu-kua:_q-i frba.

Ha mba'e-ve ? Nd-a-mbopu-kua5.-i

Ha violin ?
biano.
Ha biano ?

substitution

Arba. Arpa katu a-mbopu-kuaL

violin katu ambopu-kuaf,..

Violin

2.,:baraka Aatu
2,1-barake'.

natterned response

Re-Mbopu-kua5.-pa mbarak f ?
S.
T. si arba ?
S. Arba katu a-mboou-kuaL

2. T. ,
Re-:mbopu-kua5.-pa violin ?
2. as piano ?

L. Re-mbopu-kuaf_i-pa trompeta ?
Ha mbarak5. ?
model

na 6ga-pe ko pyhare, Come to the house ton5.ght and

la nde-mbarakg. bring the guitar.

2'_zmulation

na Oga-pe ko pyhare.
na Oga-pe ko pyhare.

la nde-mbarakg.
na 5ga-pe ko pyhare ha er-il la nde-mbarakg.

...Ha-mbopu.
Ej-ia na Oga-ne ko nyharg er-i la nde-mbarakg, ha Ea-mbopil.

ja-ourahgi.
na Oga-pe ko pyharg er-ii la nde-mbarakg, na -mbond ha ja-purahei.

5 . ja-aperitg.

TC.

dialcz

Re-mbopu-kuag-pa mbarakg?

A-mbonu-kuag perc are ma nd-a-mbopu-ve-i.

AI Mba'6 teko-pa, .nde-gusta-pa Well, did you like the prc.

la programa?

B. Xe-gusto-iterel.Ajg-pa I sure did. soy, that Jose

o-mbopu-pora-ite pe Jose la plays the. guitar well.
mbarakg.
.rao,del

E-mboliasa xe-ve pe lapis. Please hand me ri Dead_.

subs i vution

_ab-s E-mbohlsa mf xe-veD-

Llvro E-mboAsa ml xe-ve De livro.

Vorrador E-mboh\asa xe-we De vorrador.

7-mbohlsa ull xe-ve pe t".sa.

fo- it

Teacher indicates:.
2

Book A. E-mbohasa mf pe livro.

B. Na

A. E-mbohasa xe-ve
-
B. a a-oe.

A. E-mconasa cal xe-ye pe :7.

B. Na

A. E-mbohasa mf xg-ye D. joky'.

B. Na' e. -"e.

moce

3j-PD6una o-haseL hague he passed in front of the

bank° rovIii. bank an hour ago.

substitution

Bank:, ;oval Qj-ap6 una 5ra o-has hague Danko roved.

Ku'e. rupi .
una 5ra o-hasa hague kotg. rupi

Calle Es-DaFia rupi 0j-ap6 una Ora o-hase. hague calle espaHa rupi.

0
Ri 0j-ap6 una Ora o-hasg hague noEa rupi.
noga rupi

translation

1. I just massed him the salt.

2. I just passed in front of the bank.
3. The bus passed by here an hour ago.
Did he pass you the bill ?
5: Please pass me that book.
o. Please pass by my house.
7. We must pa.ss by the post office.
S. He should mass you his pencil.

model

i-taYra-pe escuela-pe He doesn't send his son to

of -potg gui opytg o-mba:ap6 school, because he w,:nts him
kokue-pe. to stay and work on .the farm.

substitation

Escuela-pe i-ta '(fra-pe escuela-pe of -potg

gui o-pytg o-mba.ap6 kokue-pe.

Club IL -ne 'fra-pe Club 4-C-pe of -po g

gui o-pytg o-mba.ap6 kokue-pe.

Reunion-hg-pe

Misa-h& ,pe

Paraguay -pe

Jeroky-hg-pe

inclusion

1. Oi-potg o:pytg o-mba.ap6 kokue-pe.

Nd-o-mboll i i-ta'fra-pe of -potg gui.o-pytg o-mba,ap6 kokue-pe.

2. Nd-oi-potg-i o-h6 ha'g no.

i-ta'yra-pe nd-oi-potg-i gui.o-h6 ha'e fic5.

3. Pytu-eterei r16ga-rape. -
.
Nd-o-mbo6-i i-ta'gra-pe pyta-eterei gui rlga-rape.

2v.
 a)

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substitution

Pcna Ran na'..?":"pa

uce cona":Eang?

Me'dico Eana er-6? :kat3 -2a

c-mbon;uerg xu-te upe medico fiana?

Cabuia

ko o-mbonguera- I don't know. ut could cure

(Why no at and see?)

transfozmation

0-kuera ko c-mbar.;-ue-rimba'6

Ikata kc c- ea=r r2ca'

ko o-mboin.76 nba'6 xu-pe.

C-k4 ko xu-pe.

Cavaja Ikata ko o-mbongava

natterned resznse

M-Da'6pa er-6? 0-m1;:onguer6. ne-pa xu-2e up6 pone-.

ikatu kc o-mbonsuerFa a.!6 xu-pe.

2 11-Da'6-pa er-6? 0-=boat ria ne-pa xi -pe

kc o2:mbogara mba'6 xu-pe.

3. :ba16-pa er-e? 0-mboing6 ne-pa xu-pe escuela-pe i-s}?

Ika ko o-mboingemba16 xu-pe.

4. Mba'6.-pa er-6? 0-mbong6 ne-pa xu-pe 1;eindy?

ko o-mbong6 mba'6 xu-7e.
 Mbatg-ba er-g ? 0-mbongavajil ne-pa xu-pe i-tuva ?
k; mbat& xu-pe.

trans: orma.ion

bora ma-pa-la nde-sapatil

Ai-pote re-mbovera pora-vg xe7vs.

pord ma-pa. la.nde-kamby ?

re-moopupu pc-a-ve
_ xg-ve.

C -' ma-pa la o
?

:;ahLniri. re-nbojy porn -vg xg-ve.

bore ma -pa la nde-memby ?

_ri. -potg. re-mSojahil bor7 -vg xg-ve.

cord ma pe You've gOt a good. fire going

there. ;L:t. That'your fire
-L.: already flaming well.)

xe -rat_
,j

ne. (.good and wet) ***

xs.-re7a__
cora'I ma p nde-;-embi-'5..(good and .ot)

nca
---kambux'i. (good and full).

the grass,
?arguaymany ceople wash their clothes and lay them out on
cambil-.atiol. of the soap and the sun's rays-is believed to get
wasning and rinsing them. i)uring the process of
...eaner than :A;.st
tne tney can': be allowed to dry or .the soap ano dirt will
cl,an frm they ta,ke a bucket of water and
 076,0

fication

Go through the above '.11 again, this time with the teacher
giving the first part ar.d the students giving the second part.

model

Hake u-gue ma hina pe nde-rata. Look out, your fire is going

ort.

give oppositec

1. Hend -Dora ma pr nde-rata.

hgke, o-gue ma hina pe nde-rata .

Tora ma pe nd-a6.
i-kg. ma hina pe nde-a6.

3. ftakii.pora Loa nd=-;embi-'1a.

L'usa ma hina pe. nde-rembi-'d.

4 . nenyb" Tore.' ma pe ,..de-kambuxi..

!

HLY.?., nand!: ma hina pe nr",!-kambuxl:

model

E-mbyendl. pe nde-:at, hake o-gue Feed your fire, (lit. melte it

ma hina. flame) It -'.bout to go c_lt.

t.ransformation

1. nerdy nbra ma-Da xe-rata?

E-mbyend pe nde-rata, h6ke o-gue ma hina.

2. IH-akg pora ma-pa pe xe-a6?

E-mbyakg pe nde-a6, hake i-ka ma hina.

3. pord ma-pa pe nde-ltembi-'d?

4. aeuyhe-1=a ma-pa pe nde-kambuxi.

 cdel

Re-mbogUa-,A-kuaa r8, ai-porukg If you know how to drive I'll lend

ta ndg-ve la xe-coche. you my car.

substitution

2,1boguatg, camion Re-mboguatg-kuag r8, ai-porukg ta ndg-ve la xe-

.,
camlon
Zb000tI, Mookg. Re-mb000t-kuaa ro, ai-oorukg ta ndg-ve la xe.-
mooka.

21tou, moarakg Re-mbopu-kuaa r5 ai-porukg ta ndg-ve la xe-mbarakg.

model

va ro-mbopoti la korap. Both of us clean the yard.

substitution

ok5i-v.,_ ye_ va ro-mboboti la korap:7.

Zochapy-ve va Moo aoy -ve va ro-mbcpoti la koraly,.

uatrc.;-ve v a Lo cuatro -ve va ro-mboboti _a koraoS..

-eis -ve va seis-vee va ro-mbopotI la koraoSr'.

va ilntero-ve va ro-mboboti la korapy.

subs'Ytuticn

cl-kuag, zbarakg Mokoi-vg va ro-mtopli-kuag la mbarakg.

::ito=7,uat-kuag, cache Mokai-vg va ro-mboguat2.-kuag la coche._.
Y.bcjahr.i, ic va ro -mbc jc.r to mites.
r.i.erta va ro-mbc,nE,% la huerta.
 REINFORCEMENT STAGE

Games and Contests

1. ARete-pa te-ra-_a Japia?

1. Japon-pe nda-ipori arros.

2. Paragugi o-pytg Africa-De.

3. CaVajl: of -k6 rya'e-ve coche gui.

4 jaguarete o-kyhyje ovexg gui.

5. Yvs.'r tuixa-ve kuara* gui.

6. Cuba-pe o-I het Cuerpo de Paz-pe gug voluntario.

7. Paragugi-pe nda-ipori kokue.

8. S 0-pupa 1000. centigrado-pe.

9. S? o-fie-congelg 32. centigrado-pe.

10. Texas tuixa-ve Alaska gui.

11. Mberia o-je-jukg mbokg-De.

12. Jaguarete o-je-jukg insecticida-pe.

.
13. Re-fiete-kuaa-se ro guarani, re-studi: va.erAchino.

14: Re-ho-se-r8 Paragugi-pe, re-fie'&'-kua5".,va.era ingleg ha ruse.

15. Paragugi-pe o-I kumandg.

16. Paragugi-pe ingles-pe.

17. KoiAga-ite Estados Unidos o-Horaira hina Rusiandi.

18. Paragagi-De nd-o-h6-i va gueteri voiunto arakaie-ve.

19. Paragugi nd-ogue-rek6-i gueteri aviOn.

20. Mava-ve ava-fie'e Paragugi-pe.

2. Data Gathering Relay

 EA

Se forman tres filas como aparece arriba. 'A' y 'C' se sientan

frente a frente separados por cierta distancia. 'B' sin embargo queda
parado en medio de ellos y sirve de mensajero o intermediario entre
'A' y 'C'. 'A' posee una lista de 20 preguntas y 'C' posee una lista
de 20 informaciones (vealasm5.'s adelante). '3' lleva las preguntas de
'A' a 'C'. Y tambien trae las respuestas de 'C' a 'A'. Veamos por
e,jemplo:

(dirigiendose a A) Mba'e-pa rei-kuaL'-se?

A (,,,Srigiendose a B) E-norandd xu-pe moo pa o-mba apO.

3 (dirigiendose a C) re-mba.ap6?

C (dirigiendose a B) A-mba.ap6 petei Universidad-pe.

3 (dirigiend,:se a A) o-mba.apo-ha petei Universidad-ne.

otra vez:

3: Mba'e-pa rei-kuaa-se?

porandd xu-De, mg.va-ndi pa o -kar' ta ko'ero.

3: .lava-ndi-Da re-ka_rti ta ko'ero?

C: Ko'ero a-kard ta peteT.kuEatai ndi.

gbaTe-pa ne-'1

3: ta-ha pete: ktifiatal

 C

Preguntas

(en tosesi6n de 'A')

. L-toranda xu-pe:

Morpa o-mba.ap6?

ta ko'"41.-o?

3. ixa-ta

Mba'6 ixa-ta ne a i -s ha

5. Yba'6-pa 0j-ap5 hina ko'qa?

ma-ta?

Mba'e-ta oi-koteve?

0. Ikat-ta Ha-He'e ingles clase-De?

9. Yoa-Eui-ta ou ra.e hina kuehL

oj2apo-sg ko' aka -it:.?

ta la xha'6- va?

7 '7) va- :di'pa o-h6 ra.e, la baile

1 Ikatfi-ta hendive?

i1. 0-cena-s5-pa xe-ndiv& ko pyhare?

Araka'&-p9. o-h6 ta ParaguE-pe?

Marla-ndi?-

17. kuma.ndg. Paraguli-te?

Nfo-ho mjsa

:9. L:ret-1 biblioteca-pe?

va.er1.-p riEs-1-6s :uso clase-t,.?

 .26-5

Respuestas

(o afirmaciones en poder de 'C')

1. A-mba.ap6 peter Universidad-pe.

2. Korero a-karit ta petei kuilatai

3. X6 xe-1,t6ra

L Xe-sfy-- Narta ha xe-r' iCesar.

5. Kola nina guarani.

o A-s:..rivl-kua5. ma.

petei cache ha olata.

a. nee, pe-fiete clase-De.

9, Kuehe a-ju kuri hina

10. A-s-s-"e' ha a--.--aru-s:4.

a-hen7,d-i la he-'. va.

:katrl. X6 aver. a-f5e""e-s4 hendiv6.

Ko yhare va.era

A-ha ta PalaguL-ne febrero-De.

Ylava-r?a Maria-ndi?

L7. 01-I kumanda Paraguai-pe.

1h. ta dcmin,zo misa

?eLota ja-huga va.era canc. -pe.

e va rusc.
 La meta del juego es ver que trio halogrado mgs rapidamente mayor
informeciOn correcta. El maestro supervisara para ver que las respuestas
. y preguntas sean hechas por medic de 'B' y que nadie Naga tramnas. A
peser de que 'A' y 'C' tienen sus preguntas y respuestas escritas 4sta
es y debe ser una actividad totalmente hablada.

Al final el maestro harg las comprobaciones correscondientes y

anunciara el equipo ganador.

Juan 0-116 Kurt. Nueva York-pe.

Se forma un circulo bien estrecho. Supongamos que el circulo vaya

Maestro, 1 , 2, 3, 4,-5 o de acuerdo al ndmero de estudiantes. Ahura
bien, el maestro comienza diciendo:

Maestro: Juan o-ho kt=r1 Nueva York-pe.

Estudiante 1: Moo-pa o-kard ra.e Juan?
Estudiante 2: Juan o-kard kurt Nueva York-pe.
Estudiante 3: Moo-pa o-leg ra.e Juan?
Estudiante 4: Juan o-leg kurt. Nueva York -tie .
Estudinte 5: Mba'g-pa o-leg ra. d Juan?
Estudiante 1: Juan o-leg kurt guarani Nueva York-pe.
etc.

El juego consiste en que cada estudj'ante deberg citar algo aue Juan
hizc o tabra hecho en su viaje a Nueva York. Mgs cuando uno de los
estuctiantes no pueda hacerlo en el tiempo que el maestro tome en contar
hasta diez dejarg el circulo y no participarg en la actividad, hasta que
ctro sea expulsado del circulo y a auien reemplazarg. Y asi sucesivamente.
NALIE puede repetir un verbo. Esta actividad durarg hasta que hayan sido
:::pasado --)dos los verbos conocidos.
 Este e.1 un Ikatuua y fika
par a Pjercitar el uso
-omo permis:L. :er iividr1 la r.lase Pn dos P.;uipo3 fornndc un
csrrs;.:10.

El_ maestro tendrg una isa de U.) o cosas las cuales los
estudiantes tien-,-n -1 p-rm::;-) Estas diez cosas son:

1. rkattil
ikat 1;e-ne'e
Ikatu pe-ke clase-p'.
Ikatu pc-ne'e guarmi.
Ika g-pP,
ikaiJi
7 pe- ague-reko.

(-Ht-
LIPhrip-xika-ne.

son ezz*.

jueg diez ;un,os ,;upcsicione:: 'omo

;L gu, pur ejem1,-):

Maestro: pp -hug"...

::Dte ;.:rier, n correc.,1.

Ahora quedan 9 . . r w io 10 punt-)::

hayan jue uico ha logrado mayor

;.,dede he:-3.
- " :
 REVIEW STAGE

listening in

A. A-He'>e"-se mi kufia-karal Lobo-ndi?

:J.tale?

ikate-pa kuila-karal Lobo-ndi?

:lava-ndi?

A. karai Lobo-ndi ?

ikand, ikatd. Mbate gui-ciko nd-ikata

A. A-gradece ndg-ve.

listenina: for study

Ikatd-na ro-fiZte mI karal Gomez ndi?

A-porandd to .xu-pg. Kara Gomez ko'E norteamericanos o-KELe-se

nale-ndive.

. 2.e-ndivg-pa? Xe nd-a-H'e-se-i he-ndive kugra.

. 1;',--hen-'1d-na ra.? 'Td-o-aE'e-sg-i pende-ndivg. Mbarg-7pa

.
pc:_-kuaa-se. /
/
A. Roi-kuaa-s° ikatd-pa ro-haga ml pelota i- cancha -pe.

listening

A ixa-na Carlos?

I-ccrE-nte. -Ha nde?

A. :-:.or... -nte avel% Moo-pa re-h6 hIna?

L. Xe hIna 5ira gui.

 REVIEW STAGE

Supplementary Practice

Mba'6, ndegustg.-pa la *Eembi-'u? Well, do you like the food?

Hee, o-coaina-h4 la nsie-Z.embirektl. Yes, your wife cocks deliciously.

e pa rej-apa va.era re-ne'e-kua.a' pora-s4, ve ramo karaL-ne'e?

e' pa aj-apO va.era a -e' e-kuaa pra-se 4 ramc karal-ne'.4?

!1ba'.5-pa oj-apa va.era-o-ne'e-kua pore -se ye ram-) karal-ne'e?

,,a e pa roj-,..0 va.era rn-neo,?-kuaa pord-s v4 rain karai-nP'.?

, I-
e pa jaj-apa a-ne'e-kuaa pord-se ramp karai-ne' 9

peg -apa =1.era rJe- pord-se vc ra.mo Karal-n'e?

rej-ap r:ina re r.n-H,a-me?

hira

AL-pir hiha

h'.na di

A-mto' hIna

A-m,::cmimoi hind 7...anr, rook)

A-mb-,j/ nlna kamty,

hina k;mand7i.

A-:.bomLmei hina

A-mboZ hina xe-rer 'a

 -q 70

A-mb:_xy Nina jet;,. (fry; roast)

A-mbixy hina mandi'5.

A-mbix!hina so'O.

A-mbomim5i hina mandi'5. (boil)

A-mbomim5i hina kumandL

::Ina

A-mtomim3i hIna papa.

Mba6-7,-a ta?

Pesue-rek5-pa so O apu'g? alm6ndiga (meat balls)

2egue-rek6pa chip guasu?

?gigue -rektl-pa asgdo?

Pegue-rek6-pa kumandg?

Pegue-rek6-pa sopa paragugya?

Pe.Tue-rek6-pa avatT.

Pegue-reke-pa 16cro?

Pegue-rek6-pa tallarl7n?

Pegue-rek6-pa arrOs seco?

Mbaeg-pa re-je-serve ta?

P.-FLue-rek6-pa von': vorT.?

Dor7.,r5r?

Pegue-re4o pa mbalpy he'-e?

pa so T joscpv.
f.9

Pegue-rek6-pa pirg?

'ogue-rek6'pa mbusLal.?
 Pegue-rek5-pa coc5.do ha ?

Pegue-rek5-Da sapor6 ?

Pegue-rek6-pa rora kambS'r ?

2egue-rek6-Da ryguasa kace ?

Pegue-rek6-pa puch6rO ?

Mba'.6-Da re-je-servi to postre r ramo ?

Oi-pa kes era re ?

01-oa era ha ?

0.1-pa pakovg. ?

narLaja ?

0I-na =era ?

Mba'6 y to -egue-rek6 ?

3 sandiL

07. merE3.

CI narL1,;a.

Ss 2 .

01 m,c.

O27 arasg-.

J-
 72

hIna

not: hIna

0-cocin=

nEna.

hints.

0-merend'i hIna.

_:-rambosg. ..:.^.a.

-ky'. Ndai-puru-s6i. This plate is dirty. I don't want

tc use it.
.

Ko ouchs.ra i-ky a. Na al-puru-s6-'

Ko kyst=:.

Ko -.ened6r

ko tembi-'4a. This food isn't tasty.

ogue-rek6 ? What's wrong with it ?

,:6-kuag-Pa ? Can you cook ?

va:12
cook Pretty badly.

f--pa ko !
This food is delicious.
2.a1apa o-cocina ? Who cooked it ?
c,-cocina-kur"-. I,!aria did.

a-,..,11.1.1-s4 a. I want .to eat now.

ma-pa tembi-' u ? :s the food ready ?

v a:-:o-pa cgue-rek5 'now cici is he ?

a-7..tctc- 23. lesterday he turned 23

Y.ava - Qu:len perdij3 su

Xe-he 7di kurl- Yo lo perdi ayer.
inlaa e -cuien se ha Perdido tambi.n el
tY.nero. Ie nadie.
 -,-kuaa"

kar katu a-stadia-s4 guarani".

mbVe-vg,

1 don't bring bait td.

You don't bring meat.
fl-1-0,:rie-f-i-1 Lan.
He doesn't bring bread.
,a.17ue-ru as We (incl.) don't bring sugar.
We (exc.) don't bring rice.
You -L-7J bring yerba.

'want b_ 'ad.
"ou don't want
nde--
He doesn(t want m,-at.
arr. We (incl.) don't want rice.
We (excl.. don't want yerba.
You'(b1.) don't want sugar.

don't sp-.-%k Guarani.

You don't seak English.
He doesn't s-,eak Sbanish.
We (incl.) d_n't ,sbeak German.
excl.) dol't speak Spanish.
(pl.) don't steak Frenen.
 (chal.ge to negative and vice versa)

nd-a-karu-i
a-studig

a-leg
a-scriv1.

translation

When did you leave ?

When will you arrive ?
-at did you bring me ?
Wnat will you take ?
will you bring =e a gift ?
Why dc you want to bring me a gift ?
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attr:briate response

Morna re-anrehde raka.e,karal-He'e?

7: Mbate h6ra-nkl re-ney ra.e?
-:,
Arakate.guiye-pa re-ilepyra ra. e re- stadia la ga-rani.
4. Pe-Hen'FI vo.T.-pa ra.e ane pyhare?
5. Mbate ixa-pa la re-je-ekivoke ra.e?
6. Mava-pepa oHe-me'e ra :e is carta?

:'.stening in

Xe guZiteri ha ya tarde ma?

E-put a katil na, ,1a- studio va.ell guarani.

A. Mba'6 re-ma re-pu'a

=. Iste die a-mete va.era Deter. discursc s'uarani-me.

A. Mba'e Ora-Da re-Du' E ta?

Las dies, pero a-studi5_ to xe-1'.upg-De ko'aga.

A. E-pu'a, kuarahSr- yvate ma.

z. Xe a-ke-se-vg gueteri, e-pula na nde.

A. E-mbogue ma ..)e :.dio, xe a-ke-se-ve gueteri.

b. Na-a-mbogue re-put-a pe,ve?

listening in
./ / / / / H
A. 7--'e-hendu ml:. "A-pyka puku kute-pe e-p,2ka -ui:u.
._ .. .. , ..
E... .11--e mi ,evy. / "
A. . "A-Dy.ka'. Dupuku kute--De a-Duka puku
ikatil-ta er-e 71 ievl mbegu,!, -i;:l mi-...-e?
.

A
-.7,..

"A-Dykgr. Duke kupe-De a-DukZ ,7.1:.1.1."

nd-a-n tende-iri.
A. :ba'.:4-ba la nde-r.,!-ntenci
Nc'-a-mtende-imba'e-v.
::...-::endu mI eirf-.

::--e-mboty tende-res ha pe-17.endrijevf7.

"A-bvk b-',.11'kutt.,, a-buker. mukL"
 7 a"

"i.LVIEW SAC,E

-rans-ao_on

a-na-s g Paragug.i-pe. I want o go to Paraguay.

You wan: to go to Brazil.
ja.g. re-no-se Brasil-ne.
o-no-s g ILsza,fla-ze.
He wants.togo to Spain.
Francia-pe.
We (incl) want to go to France.
an e
We (excl) want to go to Mexico_
Mehico-ze.
You (pu) w.-21t to go to Peru.
Pe,72: Fer.

xe-ndiyg. want vu to go with me.

no
xg a-hg. n;le-ndive.
You wanc me .3 go with you.
ron6 hendive.. He wants us to go with him.
;:avg
ha' o-h Hande-ndive. We DIncl) wL.nt him to go with us,
7.anag
ore-nive. We (excl) wr.no you to go lith
ore r.)-h6 zende-ndive.
You (ti) want us to go with you.
-.

I can go with You.

a-n. nde-ndivz1.
re-n6 xe-ndivg. You can go with
o-e herdiv. He can go wit:, him.
Ha'g ikat
nendive kugra. We can go with them.
7iandg
We can go with u.
iat ro-n6 oende-ndavg.
You can go with us
2pz:

gui. I come from town.

You come fr:.m school.
escuela gui.
gui. He comes from Asuncion,.
Ha' g
reunion-hg. gui. We come from the meetiL.
We come from Nortn r: erica.
:andg
roj- :;orteamgrica gui.
centro gui. You ail come from
 0.
3-hr: ma.

. , ..
karai rcEa-p.
va :!-6-a-pe-;Ja?
:.,. 2c-j.-,L-kuag.-L. Nda-xe-mantuia-i.
.

L a re-stuaia-s'C?

-a a-sturlig.- nde-ndive?
hdr xt,-naive.
:a-La

ma.
pcc re-h ta?

X6 aj-apura hIna.

re-h6 a.

r.F:uhch
oi-co la reuniOn?

ma

P.osa

iea ha ndt::-x.
xe-mbcriahu.
_-oriahu aye'"?
:. h:L'4
 n:na . 'EZ-a?
kura nd-o-studia-sgi
pelota

Supplementary ?ractice

No se ve desde
He cut his finger. (Se cortf el
kua-me .
dedo.)
:l_ -pe
Flies are killed by Flit.
Mber:1
A-:".e-mon,de pya'e kurl.
I dressed fast.
It'is not done in that way.
Have you shaved?
:.e-f:e-nendyva'6 ma-pa?
Se vende caro.
-rent g
I'll go wash up.
Help yourself, please. (Sfrvase)
-je-servf na.
As1 no se dice.
ixa
I get dressed.
You get dressed.
He gets dressed.
0-He-mondg.
We get dressed.
Ro-F.e-mondg-
We get c. ssed.
a-fle-mohd'",
You get dressed.

more)
I don't have any more money.
::a-xe-;iata-vel-i ma.
I won't sar any mo
mo'a-ve-i ma.
Will he have some more melt?
0-je-serv!:-ve to -pa so'6?
Will he have a litt:e
_)-je-servi mi-ve to -pa?

listening for comprehension

Flande Eiai-me" hg. Paraguai-pe.

1.e ha r.a.'6 am6 gui.
Pew pej-f].
atpropr'Pt,- r,-stons=.

Mo gui-ta ndg. rej-d?

Ndepa re2 -5. kola gui?
3. Hale-pa ko'a gai t & am gui?
4. lr roj-d am6 gui, ag-pa?

listening in

A. Moo guilta pej-d?

3. Roj-d c'entro
A. Ha mor-oclko =e -h6 ta?
to xe-rCga-De.
A. ZG a-pyta ta a-pe.

A. laid c-d Peril gui?

Nan'aniri. Ndo-d-i upe gui?
A. Moo g-i-ta o-a ha' /?
:David rd o-d gui.

translation

X aj-d Norteamerica gui. I come from North America.

Hale. o-d u.p6 gui avel. He comes from there too.
Nde up e gui. You don't come from there.
Carlos nd-o-;d-i Peril gui, Paraguai Carlos doesn't come fromPerd,
gui. He comes from Paraguay.
u7D6 gui? Doesn't he come from here.
Y.ava-pa o-a ra.e Ldque gui? Who came f:om Luque?
Arakal4-ta re-s."4.." ta kola gui.? When will you leave here

listening in

A. Moo gUi-pa pej-d?

it. X6 aj-5. Norteamerica gui.
kart o -.. Peril gui.
A. «c3 gui?
:
7.
answors
af:er yod
:a re-ra'a

a.
,clean:
:a

will -nave and my

a-n ta, na
a xe-sapatL

wiT1 geo and ::.7o for a

a-_ na ta
walk.

oa, na a-nenC7i ta : will ea- treakfa,:: and cal:

girl frend.

will ,-ro to work.

:a u-Mta.ap.
I will "begin
:a a-mta.al-,6.

What are you. doing?

re-.Ina?

I am listening to the radio wh:le

a. A-herd r.ãio a-fie-hendyva16
shave.

:;othing, I aven't 5u...,..en oldo of

Y..1.1e-v,g, ne'lra gue'..teri a-pu'a
S.
bed yet.
5ui.
I am making our beds.
'r a. a-Ina la r:ande-i-up5.7

ar-na la iiandel-savang.. I am ironing our sheets.

d.

Ai-kua--s I am looking for my -watch_

A-_ekl. a-Tr.a xe-re1C.
-want to kno-:: what time it i.e.
ra' 5ra-ca hIa.
 a. Py. Ho'ro "a.-Du' Let's go to bed then. Tomorrow
va.era. we have to get up early.

I don't want to go to sleep yet.

I. a. E-mbcgu6 py la l's ha ja-k6. Turn the light off and let's go

to sleep.

na, xe Let wait a while. T want to

radio. listen to the radio.

a. Ora-pa Ha-f"leb ta? What time will we go to led?

b. Awzl-itg ma. Nde-ropeh:7i ma-pa? Right now. Are you sleepy?

. Mba7.5 repa re-?he :14:6 ma? Why have you gone to iced already?

5. Xe-:e'3-etere este di5.. Because I'm very tired today.

a. Pedro: Re-kg ma-pa? ?ete! Are you asleep?

P. :;ahaniri. Mbal4-pa rei-pot? What do you want?

a. 3-mbou4 pe .1-o ha ja-k4. Turn off the radio and let's go

to sleep.

t. fa-ha.aro mi-v6 na, a-hendu-s6, Let's wait a.little while longer.

ra rete mba'4. I want to hear something first.

7 a. 3-karir: py, nd. ikatui ningo Be cuiet. I sleep beca,-se

a-k4 nue-hegui. of you.

b. X4 nd-a-ke-s4-i guel:teri, ha : don't want to go to sleep yet.

zmava ndi-pa ta nda- Who will I talk to if I don't talk
to you?

a. X.4 a-Ee-mbcf ta ma hagua. I'm ready to get undressed and go

to bed.

b. H- x6 ave5_. 'Mo7-3-pa la Me too. Where is our blank,-t?

Hande-fras4.da?
. A
 lexical chan,ze

Kos

Ha e-mbonandi na.

2 haku-etere.
Ha e-mboo'ysa na.

3- Ko ?c.embf.' L'ysa-itere5:.
is e-mbyakil. na.

8.6 i-ke."-iterel.
Ha e-mbyakfi na.

Kola 2.6 ia-akY-itere!.

Ha e-mbbia na.

aDpropriate response

e-mbopu-kuag-Da mbarak6?

2. Are ma-pa nde-re-mboDu-ve-i ha ?

3. Maya-pa o-mbcpu-kuae. piano?

.e-no-se -za Oga7pe mbara'..?

re-mboku6 ko yvyr?

re-mboku6 ma-pa pe yvyra;

7 E-mbohasa m De

atu-Da re-mbohLa mi" xu-D4 De 7ivro?

Mba'e-Da rei-not 6 a-bohas6. nde-ve.

Arakale-pa rei-rot6 nd.f.-v<, la ,arnintPro?

hde-mtDa

2. ,:-D.2.7e re-pa naere-mbDi nde-ratf; 4-C-pe?

~ r--ij-"

:.lava Da o-mbcgua1A-kua:,-,t8ra-v'e ndg-Da tera-pa nde-is-embirekO?

L5. Ndepa re-Mooguat6 va.ekue nde-ru-coche?

 ,

--;

_
 hhvIhw STAGE

Supplementary Practice

A . Ara-.a'& guive-na re-s ko'g.-pe ? Since when are you here ?

B. Kuen6 guive-nee. Just since yesterday.

Araka.6 pev-pa re-: ta ko'a"-pe? Until when will you be here .?

Just until tomorrow.

Ora pcfv-pa ja-studiL. ta ? Until what time shall we study ?

B. ias dies Del/et Until 10:00.

pevpa ? How far (up to where) will we go ?

B. ta Paragua; peve. We'll go as far as AsunciOn.

A. oS guiveoa va.era ko ,'vro? UP to where are we supposed" to read

this book ?
B. guive From here to here.

0-hac suive pv'e

- From the time he was born until he
died he was poor.
X aye: ko'aa peve xe-mbor'ahL I also:have been poor until now.

ixapa ra.:3 norte- How did you come from the United
az.:-:rica gui. States ?
Brass neve I came from to Brazil by plane
avin-be upi cami6n-pe. and from there in a bus.

A-st,Idia-v=7; guive a-He'&-kuaa-v.'L Since I began to study more : sp?ak

better.
E. Ara?a' peve pa re-studi va.era? Until when (1., you have to study ?
L

CI

1) jI Vi)
I I

'.t
I
.4
 A:. Ha r.-rembi-ek(5? Marna, And your wife, where is she?

B. Nd-a'-kuag-i. don't know.

A. Ha'i4 nda-hesEi-ri, ara? She's nct well, is she?

3. AnEniri. Hesi. Pero On the contrary, she's well,

she's just a sleepyhead.

listening in

A. Mbal'e-pa:la-o&-falta!va-hIna nd6-ve?
B. Xe-ve nd-o-falta-i hIna mbate-v6.
'7

models for activity

7. A. :floate-pa rei-ku.;.-s 5,xe-negui?

B. Ai-kues:a-se mooma re-nacg vakue.
A. A-nac6 vakue Texas-pe.

A. Mbate-pa re-porandu-se gui?

B. A:porandu-se hat-ra o-nac6 raka.e Texas-re aver.
pe _xa o-nace vakue.

activity

Ask someone what h'e wants to know about your mother, your car, your country,
.

your government, your iSter, your house, yourself.

listening in

A. Mba'6 re-ba Band 6 nda-ja-studiri?.

3. X nd-a-studia-se-i gui ko'a^ga.

A. Na.g.Tre-studig.-ipa hEna kotag-a?

3. Nd6-ro-studi5.-i. hIna.
3. Nd6-ro-studia-se-i
1.
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 ar:Lrorrlte
.

coche ?

:a1:a .
I'Lemtiuria?

3. mdva-ra ingigs ko'g-re ?

4. .maNa. oa o-mborot: ta ko clase ?

). Mava-ra o-.1 :a ko"ero' claseLre ?

o. va mava-oa oe-n5 ta Paragua-re ?

ma-iya ua oe-ke uni versidad-re ?

o. sae o ,e,a nde-0 . :)-mol la turg ?

°

9 :hde
, 4.
,era ha' -
o-hO _ a "- 9.

dialog

A. Ja-lustra ride-ye ratr6n, a-mbovera rora cinco'i re. l

E-lustrg uoe ixa r5,* anike re-mbovexa-vg un lado reotro gui.
.

dialog

1. Jej-ario-o a py.

2. An na rej-aura tl.

7. Pero, ej-ar5 oya'e-ve'na.

2. Ja-hg. mbeguekatu-nte'he-Ii kurg mboguata-hg

listening in

Rembojy va..era la kamby rono hyry!a. Pero the ningo a-mbojy kuehg ha hypy'a-nt

i0
 2g2
;:nit Eignt

:1anirulation Pne.se

We sane here to work.

hau.a means in order -.0'; c ; explaining the

redson for doing somethizIg.

td
su'ostituion

rc-m-pa.ap5 RC]-1.J. rc-mba.ap hagua.

rc-a7,rende,..guaranl ror-aprende hagua guarani.
rd-ganal,. seta Dia ko.g.-ne ro-gana hagua-hete.:, plat
Carlos-0e roi-pytyvo hagua
ko'g.-oe rdi-ho hagua nende-aoyte'--ne-

integration

leacher: Aj-Ta Paraga-2,-i-pe. A-a7relnd. guarani.

Integrate: Paragug.ijoe a-aprende hagua guarani

:eacher. Ai-kov6 A-karit

Ja-pytuil.

Ro-ba.ap6, 20-gana heta tlat

model

A-studia guarani haguL ixa I study 'Guarani so as to be able

A-mba.avo oc-Jra-v6. to work better.

-au. ixa means 'so as to'; 'cons oara'.

es

4.4
 292

Teac her: A-studie. a-mba.apospora-ve.

:%epeat:

Integrate: guaran: ikatu hagua ixa a-mba7aco DO'_':. -ve,

Teacher: hi -ke Cuepo a Ikatu a-servi Dora-rye xe-reCa-me.

Fepeat:

Integrate: Cuerpo de Paz-pe ikatu hagua ixa a-servlp8ra-ve

xe-reta-me.
4'

:eacher: A--I ko Ikatu poi-Dytyva.

leacher: Ro-mba.apo-se pende-aDyte-pe. Ro-aprende :-eta mDa'e.

-

translation

Trabajo porno Para ganar dinero. A-mba.ap6 a-gana'hagua ixa plata.

2. Trabajo para ganar dinero. A-mba.ap6 a-gana hagdg plata.

3. Estudio como Para aprender mejor.. A-studi5. a-atrende-D8ra-ve hagud

xa.

Estudio Pa'ra aorender majOr. A-studio aLaprende pore. -ve hagug.

5. _..,,re en el Cuerpo de Paz. como Ai-ke Cuerpo de Paz-De ikatu

Data poder:enseHar .
hagug ixa a-mbo.4
o
centre en el Cuerpo de Paz paYa Ai-ke Cuerpo de Paz -te ikatu
poder 'venir ac-a. naguaajTu

listening for comprehension

.7.-
.
2:apo.;.eon of -ke-se la Cuerpo de Paz-peo-kalfiS? hagug ne-mend5. gui-
1

Ner5r. katia oi-ke-'se la 2uerpo-d- Paz-pe o-heka hagua ;lembi-rekora.

Xe katil Cuerpo de Paz-pe ikatu hagua ixa ai-pytyvo la xe-retg-me.

9(4

1
abor:priate resbonse

:..Taera-na'Nanoleon oi-ke-s6 la Cuerro deFaz-be:

37e6'n oL-mend' -a, P.e-T)P?

3. raa-pa'Ner5n?

-Ylaera-ba na re-ho-se Paraug.i-pe:

a-scrivl hagua en He told me t3 write at on:e.

seEuida.

TO THE S7-,T27NT: contrast:

He says to me that I will

:C6-ve a-scrivl ta
He says for me to write.
x6-ve a-scrivl hagua.

substitution
.:e.-gua en
He-1,11: xe-ve
a -scriv".
seguida.

He-'5.. ;4-ye aj-a jev hagua en

jev:7
,seguida.

He- A-ve a-s jev,hagua en

evy
.

a-se
seguida,

xe-ve allkara hagua en

seguida.

",) '4
 2 q.:"

conversion

Teacher: Nde rej-:a ev ta en seguida.

Student: He-'I nde-ve rej-a .jevS7- ha-gua en seguida.

Teacher: Ca-los-o=nO jevl ta en seguida.

Student:- He=-'5.. Carlos-pe o-hO jev3' he.7g'ua en seguida.

-- ..

reacher: . Mama o-scrivf: ta en seguida.

Teacher: Nde,re-rambos5. ta en seguida.

Teacher: Ore ro-cents ta en seguida.

Teacher: Pee oe-Hepyra ta en seguida.

Teac her: Xe a-bute\ta en seguida.

model

A. Mbate"'iko What did he write you?

(Que le mand6 decir?)

3. He-7iUk6. xe-ve aj.7,1-1 jev:;= He wrote for me to return at onde.

ha;tua en seguida,-;':i. (Me mand6 decir que vuelya en
seguida.)

-
Di
-

TO THE STUDENT: he-'iuka'is best .translated by sh 'mandO decir'

The literal ,translation of. A. in English would be: "What did he hav,
said to you?' adore on the suffix ukts later in this lesson.

Este di8 a -reciv Pete; carte xe-;15. gui.

Hambate-iko he-ciuk5. nde-ve.

A. He-tiuka xe-ve aj-a jevjr hagua en seguida.

aznrcnrize resnonse

na ra.e carte nde-chiaa gui kueh?

trahanisn.
.
..-. He-':. ma :--"_>---.-e a-h.'. n,-u.
Ya me a,:c c,..e fuera.

c.:::5.a.:nececito nara haceric? Y.'n,-,'-na ai-e.-;-: aj7an,:'5 hal-'-ua?

-.-. ,u,'..,

..Ic do c-.- 1- hrTce-a? 1 :.',ava-na ne--": ra.e ---'-a-s:',,

-..,...,_ Ha..,a?
,- ._.

3.

4. Le a Carlos cue venga. ha-'6 na Carics-ne o-a nagua.

Ic P Pedro cue te esc-ibiera. Pedro-pe"o-scrivl.

hua nde-ve,

clue venga a hablarme. -care Er-.4 xu-ne to-a no-Flece' xe-ndive

clue yc seDa cue hacer. ad-kuaa ;:lagua mna e na.oj-ap6 ta.

Dara ?.ba'& camin-n,a a. -agarra' va.era

7. que omnibus nuedo
.
sllegar a EncarnaciOn? hagua EncarnaciOn-re?

5. Z.u6 se necesita para entrar en 4tapa o-fie-kotevë o-jei,ke

ese colegio? hagua upe colegio-pe?

0-11. o-hexL ha mba'6-na jaj-ani5

9. iee nara ve- cue estamos
ac'.endo. HaIna.

Va al Brasil para trabajar. 0-h6 Brasil-pe o-mba.an3 hagua.

13.

4 -:rie g-so he venido. lia-' hagua nde-ve upeva aj-u.

P-.=-=

Venimos. nara comer. Roj--'d ro-kara hagua.

12.

7',= manda decir cue vayas. 1-.1e-Y: ka nd:i-ve rej-a nagua.

13

Be.-' e ta xu--n 0-a hagua c-kar-a.

.-. Le o:re cue venga a comer.

Para hacer P.a.: no necesitas rucho 0-jej-anO hagua uneva nd7c-fle-

15t
kotevriri het platL
diner°.
/
u vol' ta jaj-ap,o pa na6La
.-..,
:

16. V=.ndr6 temprano para noder .- --

terminario hay. esta dig-

 297

4iuiero cue me des el dinero pare Ai-nota re-me' e xe-ve la plata

compra.r el coche._ a-jogua hagua la,doche.

Si es Para restarlo a otro no Rei-norouka hagua ramo otro -re

to lo nd-a-mete mo'a-i
o
1'

1. Mbatii-pa o-He-koteve c-jej-apO- hagua puchero?

2. ':4-bar6-na o -?e- koteve o- jei -ke hagua Cuerno de Paz-ne?
3. ?,:bate-He'e-na re-He'e va.erd re-h5 hagua Paragua.i-ne?
4. M'ca'.6 mba'e"-pa o-He-koteve o-jej-ap5 hagua io'6 a-pu'a?
%
5. M'T;e.'6-pa aj-apos va.era aLHe'e-kuaa hagua ingres?
6. M.'.a'6pa roj-an5 va.era ro-Hemit5 pora -ve hagua?
7, ',NI-Pate-pa roj-an5. va.era ro-gika-ng, hagia la microvio kuL'a?
6. Mdva=pe-na ro-porandl'i va.era roi-Lkuaa hagua moq-pa.ikatil ro-consegui
la or6dito?

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

model

ray ra-nare-studi5. re-fna Why are you studying Guarani?

guarani?

dialog
6

re-studi5.' re-ina guarani?

Ikatu hagua ixa a-He-mongeta nende-ndive.

A. ha Moat& re-pa r.--He-mongeta-se ore-n dive?

A-hexauka-s6 nee-me beta mba'g.

 .11
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 Z94

patterned response

A-kaaS7 ningo.a-mna. Ha ha ?

Ha ha' g tingo o-kafiff hina avel.

,Ha pee" ?

Ha Eandg ?

ETC.

iao

A..
Moriko rei7m.4 re-ina ra.e xe-amiga ?

3. A-rambosg kuri a-Ina xe-;.-Oga-pe.

patterned response

Kg-pa a-jepohei a-Ina ? NahEn-i, nde^re-jepohri re-Ina.

r7ande-pa ja-burahgi Ha-7na-? NahEniri, nda-ja-purahgi-ri Ha-Ina

0-mha.ap5-pa Carlos ha Gladys ? Nan-E1=11-,;, nd-o-mba.ap5-i hikugi.

integration

Ai7potg xe-saco a-se okg-pe, I want my coat + I go outside.

repeat:

integrate: Ai-potg xe-saco a-se

hauE okg-pe.

7a-mta. apas', va.erE Hai-me oHe- We must work + we are together.

ndive.

repeat:

integrate: 7P-mba.apO va.er. Hai-me

nauE oHe-ndive..
 You have to walk a long way
3. Hetg re-guata va.era +
you get out from there.
re-se arcZ gui.

repeat:

integrate: Re-guata va.era re-se

hagua emo gui.

Hetg pe-guata va.era + me-guahe You have to walk a long way 4

:4.
you are there.
upg-me.

repeat:

integrate: :eta pe-guata va.era

pe-guahe hagua upg-pe.

We already came + we work.

5. Ro-j.l. ma + ro-mba.a.c6.

repeat:

integrate: Ro-j. ma ro-mba.ag hagud.

Araka'e-vg nda-xe-mandu'g7i + I never remember + I bring it.

6.
ague-ru.

repeat: - --------

integrate: Araka'e7vg 7.1(18.7xe7mandu'g-i

ague-r.haguL.
She's afraid - she goes out.
7. 0-kyhyjg + o-se.

.repeat:

integrate: 0-kyhyjg o-se hagud.

111.1aM
sample resonses
I'm Just doing it to learn it.
A-aprendf hagul-nte aj-ap6 a-:na.
I'm doing it Just for money.
Plata re -nte aj-ag a-Zna.
I'm doing it for no reason.
Aj-ap6 rei-nte a-tna. "
(or for
 30/

Use Phase

appropriate response .

1. Mba e ra-pa rej-app re-ina upeva ?

2. Mba'e ra-pa ra..g Paragugi-pe,?

3. Mbate ra-pa re-aprende-se guarani ?

ETC.

di a1o

Araka'6-piko ndg re-guahg Paragugi-pe ?

0j-a-36 mes y medic, a-guahg hagu.

Nde-are to -pa kolg-pe ? (Tardarg acul' ?)

A-pytg to dos aflo.

appropriate response

::boy dig ma.''pa rei-Mg hague'ko'g-p,, ?

: >1-coy mese ma-Da rej-il ko'g-pe.

dialog

A. 0-U ma:7piko rase la nde-i'a ?

3. H" e, Pero o-se jev5- ma.
A. Ajell ma-pa o-se hagu ?
3. Nahaniri, ange-te'-ate,
A. Ha moo-piko o-hO ra.?. ?
3. Nd-a-ikuag-i.
A. Ha mba"4-pe-pa o-h6 ra..6 ?
B. A-malisig yvl rupi
 Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase

model

I know that you know.

Ai-kuag rei-ku-da hg.

ti , the second clause

IL THE =ENT: The hg is a CONNECTIVE which ('ai-kuag). The English
rei-kuag) as a comI:lement to the first...clause
subordinating conjunction 'that'.
e:.1.1.1ivalent of ng. is the

integration

Ai-kuag. Pei-kuag.

Integrate: Ai-kua"6:rei-kula hg.

eacher: A-malicig. Re-fle'e-kuag.

HeL-eat:

re-fie'-kuaa hg guarani-me.

Ai-kuag: ra oi-me

. .
Ai-kuag.Mar5:a oi-me ha i-koty-ne:
:ntegrate:

A7hexg. ia o-studig. hina.

Teacher:

Fep,-at:

A-hex g. o-studi'a hg. hina.

Ir.tegrate:

Ha'e ikatU oj-an5.

Teacner:

Pe.teat:

Interate: ha' g ikat:a

Teacher: .S'a=mol Nde Ca'acupe-Pe.

Repeat:

Thtegrate:

Teacher: . Re-pensg. Xe a- g,ta tupa6-pe.

model

Mba'.4ma rei-kuag xe-hegui. What do you know about me?

dialog

Mbate-pa rei-kuag xe-hegui?

B. A-hendil re-hO ta ha Mehico-De.

A. as mba'e-vepa?

avel to hg livro upe-De.

appropriate response

Mba'g-pa rei7kuag xe-hegui?

2. Mba'e-pa rei-kuag Maria gui?
rei-pensg ore - hegui?
xe ra.e?
5. Mba'.e-pa Carlos he-ti xe-rehe?
6. o-j-1-6-Carlos re?
 0
3Oz(

Cycle

:.:ahioulazion Phase

t.

Ai-kuag rei-kuaZ hague. I Ili:ow you

contrast:

Ai-kuag re-kuaa hg. I know*,you know.

Ai-kuagrei-kuaa na,-7ue, I know you kne-,.-

intration

:eacher: Ai-kuag. Rei-kuag.

:ntegrate: Ai-kuag rei-kuaa'hagu6.

leacher: Ai-kuag. Re.-me nde-kotS7-pe

e.
:ntegrate: Al-kuag hagu6 nde-kot-De

:.--acher% A-hendu. R,=-h6

.F.epeat:

Int_egrate: A-hendia re-hO hagutg

e Da rei-kuag xe-hegui?

A. Ha mba'-vgpa?

Ha re-scriv hagu6 netei livro 11-p

 3&-S-

approbriat.c response

rei-kuag xe-hegui?
2. _Mba'e-pa rei-kuag Kennedy gui?
3-_ Mbate-va rei-kuag Shakespeare gui?
4. Mba'e-pa .rei-kuag Eisenhower gui?
5. Mba'e-pa re-pensg Johnson gui?
6. Mba'e-pa re-hendd nde-sy gui?-

conversion 41,

,model: Ai-kuag i-val ha la.porte I know the situation is bad in

Vietnam-pe. Vietnan.
Mbale?' Xe katd ai-kuag What? I know it was all-right
hague kuehe. yesterday.

Xe ha-'e O-manO ta hg, ko'ero.

Mba.'6? Xe katii o-nano ma hague kuehe.

2. Xe a-hendd ha'e o-1123 ta hg ko'ero.

Mbal? Xe katu a-hendd o-h6 hague kuehe.

3. Xe ai-kuag karal' Ramirez i-olata heta ta hg.

Xe katu ai=kuag ha'e i-mboriahu hague.

X& a-hendd Carlos 0-11 ta-hg ko'ero.

Mba'e? Xe katu a-hendd ha'e o-d hague kuehe.

appropriate response

. Mba'4-pa rei-kuag?
2. Mba'e--.pa re-hendd ra.e?
Mba'e-pa rei-mo'A raka.e?
4. Mba'g-pa er-e kOva re? _:-pore -pa tera-pa i-val?

Use Phase

listening for comprehension

KoYero o-d ta petei karat riera va Garcia Lopez. Ha'e peter Paraguayo, ha
of -kuag heta.mba'e agricultura gui. Ha'e o-mba.apO ta voluntario kueta-ndi
,Concepcion-pe,
 te reS'conse

o-a ta h petei ku.:1:1-kara?

3- ma .ague karat Lope:

listening for comprehension

Hueh6 kurel petei va.Garcia Lopes. Hat:: o-Mbaap5 ya.ekUe

voluntario ku6ra-ndi Concepcion-pe.

appropriate response

na-'i ra. pee-me?

2. X-,=:.--ca 0-:t1 nague petei-Concepcion-oe gu6. volunt,r:to?

trans:ation

: know it's you. Ai-kuag. 5d6 ha.

2. : know you know_. Ai-kuag. rei-kua h,

7 know he'll come with you. Ai-kuag. 0-11 hg. nde-ndiv.

_ .
Say you will come. .Lor-e rej-u ta r.

5. -t is -a4.4 you know. Cmje-'6'peikuaa-ng..

E. He doesn't know we are going. j-ha h.

modification

Do'the above translation exercise as fast as you can, but put it in past
context. (Use ha' 4 instead of hg.)
 07

Cycle

Manipulation .Phgse

model answers

Aje'l ma o-se hague, He left just a while ago.

(-ice un tier= cue sal-16.)

-nte o-se :ague. He left just a moment ago.

(:ace un ratito que sali6.)

3. Cj-ap6 dos horas o-se hague. `He left 2 hors ago.

(::ace 2 horas cue sali6.)

aHo ma (la) hague. He's been here a :.ear now.

(Ya hace un arc cue vino.)

model cuestions

Arakait'l>.-pa o-se ra.e?

P. Aje ye ma pa la o-se nague;

N.

A. Araka'e-piKo nd.6 re -guahe ra.e Paragugi-pe?

B. 0j-an6 mes y medio-nte a-guahe nague.

'". lide-are ta-Pa ko'g-pe.

3. A-pytg ta dos afio...

4
appropriate response 4s.

. .
Cj-apc an c y edio-nte o-guahe hague upe volun, ario a arcgua. i-pe, aj,-1a?

2. afto-Pa o-pytg ta ha'6?

 :cmcre.7:,--ns'on

guJI

Ea6 xe=hernano.

roc

re.ka.e kc'a-.0e?

e-ndiv6 la xe-hernanc?

He lef7.a as:.
ma o-se hagA.

.(or o-se eramo) He ,;ust left.

C-se ramo-:tS..

e
"c,r 4:.s.
: -s 4 :ague ..
.

'--:

:hese three ways ofreferring to a occurrence al-e not

recet
n
7C 7HE :3,7:LEY:: 7t may be used to
welldefine
dd,
'4 Actually ate-t6 rte is quite relative:. or'it may
indicate a time ,;,:ist a.moment ago (as it litera:ly indicates,
minute, an hour, :.- a
refer -...,..
......, loosely to a time in the near bast--like a
exaggeration. as a-be-te-rte 'right here'--
day ago. :t is used with the sate
which may tear. '8, few yards or a few kilometres away.
'acabar
'r.mo and its sulteriative form rate-'te are equivalent to
VEF"'.

°
I
e1

relat.,euy fart:er , "

past--na.... an hour or so.

:isle:'- -4 for combrehension

ma.c-s; :age.
f;e-mo2. Peirc o-se ra=c-it4 hagugi ha Mara katu
Xe kateu o,' -ap6 acs hora aj-1 hagu6.
 2 r9
309

a.t.troariat)reszonse

x ha-'e 6-se ramo-ite hague?

2. Ha mava x6 ha-'6 aje'I ma o-se hague?

3. rae ramo-ite hague?

.C.
 resc-:n.ses

h,f.J. .ixa nand4-ve. Like he tel 'us.

c He- i hagA' ixa r.ad-ve. Like he told us

...

a' :',,-a1-2.: na Ixa Like he does

.., . ,,-ae, _a.,5!,e A,1 :,ike he d-4d

ce -po-,11 hr, ....

Like -7,. wan7 :cmo cuieran).
,-.

model ecrs
Hcr...' shall we do 7.
ixapa a ?

H.7w sho-..;ld we t.el it ?

2.

ba4 xa-pa re-scriv!:-ra.;3'? How did you write it ?

3

Cycle 7

Manir,ulation Phase

model

A. Mbe'4 at° na na. nde-ru ? What does your father do ?

n.
.
a e ao-,,enae na He sells rloth,=s.
lexical substitution

Pe ka,-a nevi ku a&'-v.6'nde hg.

Pe kara peva ku a3-ano ha.

nure-uka na P.= kara Dya ku kur-kaka hg.

Use Phase

aPpropriate response

ng-pa.ndg ?

3. Ha nde-sc- ?

Ndg-pa kure'-jaka hg ?

Cycle 8

re-h5 re-na ? Where are you going ?

a-fna xe-ru o-mba.apo I'm going to where mzy- father

na-e. works.

IC =HE SIULEN7.7:hg after an intransitive verb (like o-mba.apa) usually

aerives a locative noun whi.cn inaica,es where the activity takes place.
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 3/3

ma ta .a. 12 car:a Has 1.a-ter teen sent off?

I. m= some time It was

sent off

:oat the reflexive form is us where wouLd use the passive.

:ther exambles:

ixa-ta ? How ds it taught

ixa-ta o-je-ap6 vakue ?
o-r".e-me'e ra.e la cart= ?
savave-te.
guteri mavave-pe.
l7-e-venfie-t6. ma umiva um5". livro.
How was it made
Who was the letter given to ?
:t wasnt given to anyone.
one has been fined yet.
All the books have been sold.

-nas the radiozram been sent off? ma-ta la radiograma ?

All sort-- (.2nt=ro-it.=) of things L.--ne-vend 6

are sold.

how is bread made around here ? tFoa ixata o-ej-at6 Pan ko'g rupi ?

:;0 one has been killed yet and guteri La o-je-juka. va ha

no one has been hurt yet either. nda-i-pori Guteri la o-jej-ati va

-0:no was the letter written to ? .Mava-pe-pa o-je-scriv la carta

A. A--lkalta o-fie-firma When was the document signed ?

la document° ?

Yma ma o-ne-firma hague. It was signed a longtiMe-ago.

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 r

H---'=ukg

A-jerureug

A-paEauka-pa

A-scrivil.ukg

Asue-ruka-pg

ba"g-pa ?

3. Ei-Dor-lka mi na xg-ve la nde-cophe.

aPproPriate response

rei-pctg. x-am4,7o ?

r=i7potg ai-kuaaug. ?

rf. n Tse Thn-:e 9

rei-pctg na-'eukg. nde-ru-Pe ?

5. re'-Dotg a-!erureukg Stroessner-pe ?

Zpa.'g-pa pei-Dotg ague-rukg pee-me ?

e a he- luKa nde-ve

C. . :e-'.pa aver nde-ve jevi:r hatud nde-reta-me ?

F.e.-potg-pa a-mbyendyukg De tataincy 9

1-nxaukL mi xg-ve uzi uatig..

 la a-jogua Show wha: sh:uld
2-heuk,a mi
voer=.

observing:the fuon of va :
shtuld buy
:a a

:a : will buy
La :e.

va Wha: am buy.

va.ekue Whal: : bough:

La a-jogu;:

(cr va.ekue)
serves to form noun clauses. Vary (or va.ere.) and vakue
' purpose' or
2 made up of va plus a re. or kue to indicate

model

bought.
E-hextlu'ka mf xe-ve la kure o-jogug. Show re the pig which he
va.eku6.

_ohtrast, cbserVing the functicn of va:

La kur6 a-jcu a va.era The pig that.(or which) I should buy

....

va The pi:- that I will buy

:,a kur6 a-jogua-ta

va a-ina The nig that f a.m buying

la kur6 a-jogua

La ::t-6 a-jogua vaku6 The nig that - 'ough:

d.

nodify or restrict
va serves here again to form noun clauses, but these
e'relative
the antecedent noun kurg. Notice that in Lnglish we could use
trChoun, that, which, or who, in such a modifying clause.
 /

translat

to rei-notg he do you want

La rei-totg va 2 What is want 2

la titat Is that ' :cu say ?

? Vn.a.t, does he

:ta'.gta la he-'i7e6 va ? What is it that he wants to say 7

re-torandu re -Ina 2 That are you a7kihg ?

la re-torandi: va re-ina? What are asking::

5va-ba ? Are you tuying this ?

5 va-a 7a re-jog u5. .va hina Is thiS what You are buying ?

K6va-ta re-jogug ta ? Wil you tuy this ?

Kova re-jogug ta va ? Is this what you will buy ?

Kt.va-ra re-ogug ra.e ? you buy this ?

K5va-ba la re-jogug vakue ra. e ?

a ie- o ,61.4c. va.era . Should you buy this ?

ra ,ta _a re-jogug va. era ? Is this what 'Cu shou7d buv ?

 a3 a3

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models.

3pgL va. Everythlng that : see.

2. aog. va.. All that can be done.

Opg o-i All there is.-

batterned-Yresbonse (answer as in the above models)

M-ce."6-Da la re-jogug to va ? What is it you'll buy ?

_'"'pa la re-MbovO va re-in a ? -,enat is i that- you are- dividing?

translation

7. That's the book I want. Peva be livro la ai-botg va.

2. That's the bock you wanted, Peva be livro la rei-totg vakue.

3. is this the one yot wanted ? KOva-pa la rei-potg vakue ?

What is it you want to buy ? Mba'e-pa la re-jogua-se va ?

-5. Which is it you want to see ? Mava-pa la re-hxa-se va ?

Which one is it you want to hear? Mava-pa la.re-hendu-se va ?

I buy just what I want. A-jogug la ai-pot. va-nte.

3. buy just what I see. A-jogug la a-hexg va -nte.

: eat just what I want to eat. la ha-'u-se va-nte.

10. I eat just what is killed. la o-je-jukg va-nte.

71. I eat just what is given me. Ha-'u la o-He-me'a va-nte xe-ve.

12. I eat just what is'brought me. He.-'d la o-je-guerii-va-nte x6-ve.

model

Pe kure re-hexg va re-ina That pig which 'you see there

amd xe-mba'e. is mina.

ti
 re-hex ama

ram'o-Itg va Zle man who left

koimbat
ueti mohda hc_-1 thtPf.

:uest'oh .:se a cause to ask the

melcadc-L;u4. 7

mercado-gui.

trah.ilatiOn
pe
.ne ooy wko killed that snake or,e

is my frihd. xe-amigo.

volunteer hamed Tomas did it. "..?etel voluhtario here va

o-ap6

who you met yesterday 7a Olga, ku kuna-kara': re-,;o -to:g

wants to talk with you. vakug-ndi kuen4, o-fieve-s.6 rem
naive.

",:hat's the name of the girl I'm Ybe.'6 ixa-pa !igra la kunataf a-hendi
.Otero?
supposed to call tomorrow ?

:el: me the road which I should ar -e mi xe-v,La tape a-segi

5.
follow to get to Itapu'ami.- va.era a-7.1ahe nagua Itapu'amI-me.

apnropriate response

Paragugi-pa la .!,eta rei-kuaL' para-ve va ?

2. :1-pa',5livro la nde-gusta-vg va
 translat.i.on

let's go to where Carlos works. Ja-116. Carlos o-mba.apo

2. Let's leave from where you-all Na-se pe-studia gui.
study.
3. He came to where we were working. kur!'. ro-mba.apohg.-ce,
4. Whose-present work 'place did you Maya mbLapo hg.-Pe re.-h6 ra.e?
go to?
5. Whose former work Place did-you Maya mba.apo :ague-te-pa... re-ho
go to? ra.?
'ou went to our (incl) former Re-ho ,ja-kar hague-e, age pa?
eating place, didn't you?

appropriate response

1. Mob gui-pa re-se ta?

2. Moo Zoto-pa ro-guatg. ro-ina?
3. Moo-pa va.erd?

Moa-pa re-h6 re-Ina? . .

.5, Re-ho-pa re-ina petei baile h.g.-pe?

6- Mava-Pa o-ke-se petei ryguasu-ke h6.-pe.?
7. Re-karu-se-pa petei kure o-karil -hg.-pe?
. b. Re-mba.apo-se -pa la xe-ria o-mbLapo hg.-pe?
9. Peva-pa petei monda-h6.?
10. Mba'e.apo t5.-pa peva?
a

dialtg

A-juhu xu-pe o-kart: hina. Le encontrcomiendo.

MOO pike? DOnde

P.e calle-pe a hague-pe hina. All! en la calle donde estuve.

 ja-karu ng. h6ra ma. It's time we eat now.

1-nE hg., serves to nominaliue or make a nou:: olau.7e out of

Study these addtional examit'ies:

:.a-73.eno hg h6ra ma. It's time for us to go to bed.

ma. It's time for us to begin.

ts
Nora ma. It's time for me to rest.
ha ha ma. time for you to go.

h6ra-ca

Ja-karu hg. h6ra ma.

modification

:=..beat the aboVe,dialog, 'out ih the place of the verb karla., substitute
studig; mba.anc-.; ho; F:epyra; ovtu'a.-

diaLc

A. Nde-Hembyahba?

E. ,HEle, ja7karu hg h6ra ma.

A. py ja-kara.
 na nCra ma?

Jah6 py japytu'u.

Cycle 13

postr. rà. There is :something for dessert

:0 2HE STUDENT: 1-he same suffix rd 21so found in var. and (with modified
shaPei in naf:711a is used with nouns to indicate cprobosed use or burpose'.
F.a may sometimes be translated 'for' in. English or 'para.' in Spanish.
per examoles'indicate its meaning:

mna husband
menara - fiance ; husband to be

,emoireko wife
temoireora fiance

maestra teuner
maestrar5 teaccr2- to be
dialog

Mbayg-pa o-1-ve ja-'u va.era? -What else is there for us: to

eat?

3. 0-I costrera. There's dessert.

A 7 alo-
==___

Mba'6 gui-pa nikati re-h6 Why can't you so with me?

xe-ndiv6? ;

3. Het 5. xe-;-embi-apord gui. Because I have a lot of work .

to do.

Cyci 14

model

Pc=;va pe livro xe-mbatekue. That book there used to be mine.

1.: THE STUDENT: Ku e indicates a former state which is no longer in force.

Ftiva xe-secretariaku6. That's my former secretary.

ma xe-mena:cue. ly ex-husband has come.

kur!: x,-2-i7-ogakue. >y former house was sold.

model

va mbaleku,17-pa ko livro? Whose book did,,this used to

)
 A. ava mba'ekue'Da ko livro?

5- Peva xe-mba'eku:e

translation

7. "Whose took did that used to lava mba eki:e-Da De liro?

2. Whose house did that used to be? mba'ekue-pa De Oga?
3. Whose :ar is this? mba..6-Da ko coche?
Ha mava mta'ekue?
5. This book there used to be mine? Peva De liv-o xe-mba'ekue-
o_ This table here used to be yours. Kova ko mes nde-mba'ekug.
7. That is my ex-wife. Peva K,e-rembi-:-.ek-:kue.
She used to be m;.,- secretary too. Ha'e xe-secretariakue aver.

dia._,.oz and listeninz for -ompr..hension

De-studig. DgtnP? what are you s-udylng?

Jose: X4 a-studig. a-Ina doctora :'m studying to be a door

ha xe-herman Josefina o- and my sister Josefina is
studie. hina enfermerara. studying to be a nurse-

.,,Dzrop-iate response

Jose petef medicoue, aje-pa?

Ha' e hinn ingenierora, apa?
Ha in-hermana kat:a o-studie. hina maestrara, aje-Da?
Ha nde, mba'e-pa.re-tudig. re-ina'

model and listening for comorehension

C: h.:na h-:er.. Carlos is building r_what will be]

his home

c7ela, Carlos rembi-reko, Aigeia is Treparing r_what will be

hina Is the meal

N
appropriate response

of -aPc5 hIna ll'Iogara?

2. 0j-ap6-pa Carlos xe-rogara?
ie pa rej-ap6 re-Ina nee-roger a?
oj-apo-se xe-rogara?
r Mava o-preparL: hina Carlos-ne L,mbi-'ura?
c. Carlos-pa o-nreparg. hia
Nanc3.6
rej-apo-s6 nde-;-osara?
22J \a rej-apo-se xe-rogara?

Cycle 15

contrast

Ko mita mba'e rE. It is for this 'coy, (It is to

be his proper---y.

c--
,.L. iis meant
Kc mita-me guara. It is for this be
for use.)

T0 THE STUDENT: Note the difference:.

rE? at will be his... -

guara? What is made or intended for him

Both translate 'for him' but the distinction o seen in the more
literal translation.

diaaog.

A. Mava-pe uarE7pa ho torta? Who is this cake meant

B. Pe mita-me .zuara. It's for that boy.

'
 3 2 7

Maya riba'e rd -pa ko juguete? Who :s this toy

3 Pe mita mbale rd. It's for that boy.

appropriate response

Mdva-pe guard-pa ko'regalo?

Mdva mba'e rd-pa ko Oga?
Xe-ve mba'e rapa um livro?
Xe-ve guardpa umi livro?
Yba'e-pa xe ikatu aj-app nde-ve guard?
Lei - rte a-heja la pan Zagu. kuera-pe guard?

mcdel

O-jej-apo-pa ta ma nde-roga rd Your house will be finished

ko'ero guard. for tomorrow.

substitution

0-jej-apo-p ta ma ..1de. itoga rd ko'ero guard,

0-jej-apo-:pa ta rderrIga red este die guard.
0-jej-apo-pe ta ma nde-roga re. koie ambuero guard.
-jej-apo-ne ta ma nde-roga rd ,e semana o-u va-pe guard.
-jej-apo-pe ta ma nde-roga ra ko ka.aru -De guard.
3-jej-apo-pa ta ma nde-roga red ko loyhare-De guard.
jee-apo-_e ta ma nde-roga rd pe mes o-u va-pe guard.

r7C THE STU=T: Notice that certain time expressions take De while others
etier µv.

model

.:raka'e guard c-jej-apo-pa ta la when will they finish your

nde-.1;orza rd. house?
duestion and answer -11-111

Araka'& guard --,:e,Hac-pa ta ia nde-roga rd.?

Araka'e guard -jej-apo-o. ta la nde-livro ra?

ala4oz,s

A Araka'e guarapa ko so-na? When is this 'sopa' for

o pyhar4-pe "guard s for

t. 611ara na ko silla? Where does this cna'r b,,'ong?

4. 7..mo guard. Over tsnere.

annrooriate resoonse

Rei-kuaa-pg.-pa la leccion ko'ero g.uard?

2. MW.5-pa roj-apo va.era ko'.aro guar.?
3- Amc.) guard-pa ko mesg?
4. No8 guara-na ko silla?
 Cycle

model

La gente kuera ko ate. gug o-mba.ano- The people of today work more
vg la genta kugra yma guar gui. than beoble before.

TO THE STUpENT: contrast:

La gente kugra ko'aga gug The people of today

La genta kugra yma guar The peoble of before.
0-Moopott ko'ero guard He wil clean tomorrow.

Notice that the past and future tenses in bostpositior.alphrases with

gua as the postposit-ions.axe formed by adding rg and ra respectively to
gug.

substitution

o-mba.abo-ve La gente kugra kolaga gug o-mba.ano-ve la gente

kugra ymh guar gui.

o-guata-vg La gente kugra kotaga gug o-guata-vg la gente

kugra guar gui.

o-Pita -vg La gente kugra ko'4a gug o-nita-vg la gente

kugra yma guar gui:

o-jeroky-vg La gen17ekugra ko'aga gug o-eroky-ve gente

kugra yma guare gui.

translation

Today's lesson is more diff4cu't La leccion ko'aga gug hasy-ve la

than yesterday's. kuene guarg.

2. The people of Lincoln's time La gente kugra Lincoln ti-7.po-be

worked more than the guar o-mpa.abo-vg vakue la gente
beotle of today. kugra ko'aga gug gui.
 The Ouarani of long ago was more guarani yma guare
beautiful tnan the (,;uarani of la guarani ko'lga gug gui.
today.

The child (mita) of yesterd:ty is kuehe guare ko

tne youth (karia':::: of today and ko'Lga gug, ha karai kote-ro guara.
tne man of tomorrow.

aborobriate reszonse

...-.a Ga hasy-ve La 1eccion ko'aga gug, ,tera-pa la kuehe guare?

to nag la leccion kolero. guard' la este dig guare gui?

o-diara-kua3 vt: ha la atleta kugra koter guar va la

atLeta ku,gra ko'aga rubi gui?

Cycle

model

-abrenae vo guarani. came to learn Guarani.

:0 THE STUDENT: contrast:

Aj-t"71 a-aore-ride vo guarani. Vine a apren' guarani.

Aj-1":1 a-aprende hagua guarani. Vine para apr ier guarani.

Vc is used with the verb complement of the verbs hg, 'go' and 'come'
with almost the same meaning as hagua. A-aprendg vo may be thought of as
translating 'a aprender' and a-anrende hagua as translating 'paraaprender'
n (a) and (b) above.
translation use vo)

1. Yo vine a trabajar, a` -id a-mba ar5 vo.

2. Carlos irga eszudiar. Carlos o- n0 to o-studig vo.
3. Ud.s. vinierbn a sembrar. re-nemity vo.

model

Te-re-aorende nyave-t'. I hope you learn it very soon.

T0 THE STUDENT: to -re-aprend5 is a DESTDERATIV7 form, Contrast:

2-prend.5- oya'e Learn it soon.

Te-re-aprend6 pya". I would like you to learn it soon.
or: ?'ay you learn it soon.

dialog

A. Mbaera-ta ParaguL-pe?

B. Aj a-aprendg vo guarani.

Te-re-a prend nya'e7te.

paradigm

'5-a-aprendg pya'6 I hone 1. learn it soon.

Te-re-aprend pya' I hope you learn it soon.
To-ro-atrend6 nya'6 I hope we Learn it soon.
_a -i-1a-aprende pya'g I hope we learn it soon.
Ta-pe-aprend6 : hope you learn it soon.
I-o-acre nd5 1 hope he learns it soon.

s-:tstitution - translation

nae ie-re-juhd xu-pe. hope you find him.

To-ro-juhia xu-o6 I hope we f1nd him
1::and.5 Ta-ja-juhd xu-p4. I hope we fond him'
pee Ta-pe-juhil xu-p6. :lope you find h'.m.
h21";. T-c-uhd xu-p-. ',hoe flnds
x6 xu-pe":. I hone I find him.

(substitute: gang., hex tong. 'ul-11f)

rodel,

Er-6 xu-p6 Tell him to come.

TO THE STUDENT: Contrast the following two common sturctures, both of

which have the same translation.

Er-6 xU-p6
Tell him to come
Er-6 xu-p6 o-u ha-gua. J

dialog

X. Te-re-h6 Jose ;-end6-pe.,

B. Ha mba'6-ikO rei-pot6. ha-'6 xu-p6?

A. Er-6 xu-p6

appropriate response (use the DESIDERATIVE)

Mba'6-pa rei-pot6 x6 ha-'6 Marta-pe?

Mba'6-pa rei-pot6 Marta of -46?

directed discourse

I. Er-6 (t6ra)-pe t-o-u nde-;-end6-pe.

2. Er-6 (t6ra)7pe t-o-h6 Maria ndi.
3. Er-6 (t6ra)-pe t-o-mba.ap6 xe-ndiv6.
4. Er-6 (tera)-pe t-o-se ko'a gui.
ETC.
Model

Ta-nde-ko'e Dora. Have a pleasant d5wning-

ood night)

TC THE STUDE.NT: :(:)'e is a Quality Verb. Other exa:':.ples:

hope you'll be happy.

Ta-pende-resa hope you'll be well.

paradigm

ta-xe-rory
ta-nde-rorg
ta-ore-rory
ta-fiande-i.org
taDende-rory
ta-hory

dialog

A. Xg nd-a-lee-se-vg'i ma. Xe-i-.onehgi ma.

1
Xg ave]:, a-hg ma a-kg vo,

Ta-ride-ko'e pora.

Gracias. Buenas noches. Ko'ero ja-jo-too jevg ta.

 Cycle 18

model

r.de -rehe nde-vai he. he said that you're ugly.

TO THE STUDENT:
Contrast:

a. re-stadia he He' says that you're studying.

He -'i nde-rehe nde-vai He said that you're ugly.

_About you]

In both sentences he-'i 'he said' is followed by information about what

he said. 3ut only b. has nde-rehe 'about you'. The difference in the two
sentences is that in a. the remark is not a compliment or an insult or
a ,'remark' about someone's attributes, but simply a report of someone's
actions: Other.examples

Ha-'e hese i-flaaa hg. I said that he's bad.

Ha-'6 hese kuera 1-tarva hg. I said that they are crazy.
CJ`e -kuag. nde-rehe nae-rasy hg. .0ne can'see that you are sick.
- 0-nexa-kuag nde-rehe re -'e -gusto he He can see that you are in love
"nese. with her.

nde-rehe nde-vai hg.

Ford he-'1 nde-rehe nde-pora hg

Arandd he-'1 nde-rehe nde-arandu hg.

Tavy he-'i nde-rehe nde-tavy hg.

FlPta-hete he-'5..nde-rene nde-plata-hea hg.

Sogue he -'I nde-rehe nde-sogue hg.

2. Nde nde-rehe nde-sogue hg.

Ha'6 he-'1' hese i-sogue he.

sore, xe, pee, .:aria)

translation

1. He says that I'm rich. He-\'f xe-rehe xe-plata-'beta hg.

2. He says that you're poor. He -'f nde-rehe nde-mboriahu hg,

3. He says that you-all are He-'f pende-rehe pende-tarOva hg:

crazy.
He says that I am pretty. He-'f xe-rehe cxe-pra hg.

5. I said that he is broke. Ha-."6 hese in-arandu hg.

model

Mbarg-pako he-'f ra.e ore-rehe? What did he say about us ?

model

Nde-rehe he-'f nde-vai hg, ha He said yoere ugly and your

nde-hermano re i-tavy hg. brother is stupid.

TO THE STUDENT: Note the inversion of he-'f and nde-rehe here and the
placing of nde-hermano re-in clause-initial position to achieveparallel
II

structures.

A. Mba'epako he-'1 ra.e ore-rehe ?

E. Nde-rehe he-'f nde-vai ha, ha nde-hermano re i-tavy hg.

adel

Hese katu he-'f i-nana hg. CAbout him] he said he is bad.

 ".;34

-a

substitution

Ta4 hese katd he-'r i-trlvy ha.

Tarove heSe katd he-'r i-tarOva he.
Arandd hese katd he -'; in-arandu he.
'hese katd he-'r i."1-at'y he.

dialog

A. Y1c8.16-pako he-'r ra..6 ore-rehe ?

23. .Nde-re he he-'1 nde-vai 8, ha nde-hermano re i-tavy he.

o

B. Ha hese ?

A. Hese katd he-'1 i-Haria he.

. Ba xe katd ha-'e hese nd-o-ntende-i he. mbare-ve.

dialog

A. PoIonio nde-rehe.

B. Ba mba.16-iko he-'1 to xe-rehe ha'e ?

A. Be-' r .de -rehe nde-vai

B. Ba xe katd ha-'e hese i-monda

appropriate response

1. Mba'6.-pa he-'1 Marra xe-rehe ?

A-me'e r"' hde-ve peter regalo, mba'e-pa er-e ne xe-rehe ?
3. Maya re-pa er-s i-vai hg. ?
4. 'fl a' re-pa er-e hes ?

5. Arake.14-pa er-e xe-re he xe-arandu- ?

c. Richard Nixoni-plata-hetC aje-.pa ?

Er-5 ne hese in-arandu het ?
ETC.
 Cycle 19

naradiRm

REFLEXIVE
A-je-heXa am seen
Re-je-heZ., You are,seen
-RO-je-hex5._ We are seen
ja-je-hexe Ye are seen
Pe-je-hexe You are seen
0-je-hexe H!:. is, seen.

44.

xe a-je-nexa

(nae, or nande, Fee, ha'6)

---

Cycle 20

caradigm

:RECIPROC;J_
o-jo-hexe We sc.., each other
Ja-jo-hexe We see each other
Pe-jo-hexL. You see each.other
0-jo-hexe They see'each other

:0 :HE =EN:: Contrast the reflexive with the recirrocal in form and
meaning.

substitution

Ore ro-jo-hexe rt-flo-hendil

;:lane. pee:, kuera)

model

ja-jo-hex g ta ko'ero. We .:ill see each other tomorrow.

for::.ed by adding the prefix

10 THE STUDENT: Notice that the reciprocal is in the
immediately before Zhe verb root. Notice that it only occurs
plural.

patter-led response

Fo-jo-top. ta lunes entonces, ha pee ?

i-Jo-jo-top g. ta lunes
Ha or ?

Ha ha ',7= kuera ?

model

Araka'e-pio ja-jo-to. ta ? When will we meet ?

dialog

A. Araka'g-piko topri ta ?

B. Ja-jo-hex. t. ko'ero.

model

rov6i, We'll meat (each other) again in

Ja-jo-top jev:f ta plas
entonces. front of the plaza. 1

substitution drill

Ja-jo-top a jevy ta plasa rovgi, entonces. (in.frontof)

1.
embajada kupe-pe (behind)
monument° yke re (beside)
 :node:

opa ja-jo-topcl ta entonce': '.ere will we meet again then

te-,i_ :a-jo-toni7 r77 lures h ,w about cur meeting ;,:onday 1

ferreter5.a row' ? -v. iront -f the hardware

i

i
;

,c,-; ta entohze

ta plaza rcvL ehtchze.

tek5-,ca ja-jc)-top:1 rI lunes ferreterra rovI?

word study tne uses of r.,-./reh,.

ta ore-reh. He will die for us.

Ho'6. nde-rehL It falls on you (also: it fits you.
Te. It fell on his head.
T;---mu r. re. _puts ashes on his forehead.
ta yvyr',.: re. I'll tie him to a tree.
hese he nas boils come out us. him.
It c:rawl'ed along the grf...und.
it ,uml-Jed along the
ta: re. It was scattered uc and tow:. the
tase r. ;:y dog got lost along t'he road.
C-I DeteI mancha pe trahe re. There's a stain on that suit.
Cancer o-kard het 6 re. Z_Incer eats his body.
ja-hg hese. Let's go after him.

TC THE STUDENT
Most of these uses coul& be translated by Spanish 'port, and English.
I
, on Note that the word run i also is fre_luently translated
.

Dor, or in English 'by', 'around'.

di a,lo

Hasy-et6 Daniel. Daniel is very sick,

B. Mbs'5-iko o-jehu x11-pe? Whao hapzened to him 7
1 A. i-!o-'g hese rayo. Lightning struck him.
3. Moriko ho-' hese ? Where did it strike him ?
I A. re. On his head.
3. A-He-mbo'e ta hese. 7'1' pray for him.

dialog

A. ja-hA rei katU hese. Let's .go after him.

B. Ta-pe-h6 hese pee, x4 You guys go after him, I won't

nd-a-pena mo'ri hese. bother with him...

Malta rehe-pa oj-ap6 b.:Ma upg%-a? Who is he doi->c it for ?

0j-aDe5 i-s:7 re. He's doing it for Inis mother.

model

0-poko-pa nde-rehe la mbyry'gi? Does the heat ,..ffect (touch) you?

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cede-

Ko'e-e e-F.er.,yra ta o-mta.ao6 l'omorrow he is going to begin 1

la yv:';, re. working the land..

Hc'e'ro e-flepyra ta o-c-,Ca.ae la yvf=

nc'ero o-Hepyra ta c-,mba.acC. la tacit:: rE_,
Ke'ro o-Hepyra ta c-mba.apC la ryATuasi.:1 re.
Korro c-F.epyra ta c-mba.an6 la huerta re.

model

Araka'6-pikc c-:Iepyra ta -;hen is he going to begin

c-mba.apC la Try re? working the land?

dialcrc,

Araka.' :4-pi ko c-f:epyra ta c-mba.ao6 la yv re?

. -
Kc'ero c-Heivra:ta o-mba.apc yvy re.

model

X6 ygua.su ku6ra nd-o-kakual chickens ren't gre-,:ing well.

model

Re-angareke porn . va.era la You hale te take care of

ryguiLs il. re o-kakual. cora ::agog. the chickens if you'want them
tG grow fast.
substitution

Re-flangareko Dora va.era la ryguasg re o-kakuag porL haua.

Re-=langareko Dora va.era la tapit T. re o-kakuag Dora haua.
Re-Hangarelo Dora va.er la sandia re o-kakuag or 1-ia.4;-ua.
Fe-Hangareko Dora va.era la tomates re o-kakuag porahagua.
Re-Hangareko Dora va.era la kure re o-kakuag. Dora haitua.

di aic

A. Xe-ryguasu ku6ra hd-o-kakuag so-.

E. Re-17:angarekb Dora va.era la r,iguasu ku.gra re o-kakuag Dora haud.,

1

,
Cycle 22

dialogs for study and use

A. gui - Da a-se ne? Where wsuld I leave from?

3. r+o
A
From right here.

2.

gui-pa nde-rej--i ra.? Why didn't you come?

3ecause : was sick.

A. gui-sa nde-.17-as? r;:hat are you sick with?

Xe-Dulmon gui. Xe-tuberculosis Lung trouble. I have B.

 gui-pa nde-resargi ra:e? What did you forget?

3. Xe-resargi entero mba'e gui. I forgot everything.

1
A. Mba'e gui-pa re--kyhyj6? What are you afraid of?

A-kyhyj:i opa ixa gug vicho gui. I'm afraid of all kinds of bugs.

Mba'6 gui-pa re-ti? What are you ashamed'of?

3. A -tI xe-tav:T gui. I'm ashamed of my ignor:_Lnce.

TG THE STUDENT: As you know, the basic meaning of gui is 'from', but gui
is used in any situations where its English translation would not be 'from',
but 'with'; 'of'; 'because'; etc., and sometimes no word.

appropriate' response

1. Mo5 gui-pa rej-11. re-Ina? Centro gui-pa?

2. Mba'6 gui -pa nde-re-riri xe-livro.?
3. Mba'e nde-easy? Nde-corgza gui?
4. Mba'4 gui-pa nde-resargi?
5. Mba'e gui-pa re-kyhyje?
6. Mba'4 gui-pa re-ti?
model

X6-ve guara ko koty To me this room is the p-e--:

opa viii . of all.

TO THE STUDENT: Notice that the indirect object plus suaratexpresses the
idea of opinion or preference. It is also used with the me4ning of 'for
the benefit of'. .

pattern response

1. Xg-ve guara i-para-ve ko koty.

2. Ha nd6-/e guara.
3. Ha ixu-p6 -tiara.
4. Ha Pedro pe guara.

model

Mava la i-pora-ve va ko'a 'Which of these rooms is the

'koty gui' prettiest?

cuestion and answer drill

Maya-pa la i-tuja-vg va ko'a silly gui?

M va -pa la ij,yvate-ve va ko'a mesg. gui?
Mava-pa la i-pyahu-vg va ko'a livro gui?
Mba'g gui-pa ja-kyhyje-ve va.era opa mba'e gui?
Mba76 gui-pa re-kyhyje-v6 opg. mba'6 gui?
Mbaie gui-pa kuria o-kyhyje-vg mbo'i gui7pa tara-pa angujg. gui?
Mba'g guipa re-kyhyje-ve jaguaretg gui-pa tara-pa aguarali gui?
Mba'g gui-pa re-kyhyje-v, cuartel gui-pa tera-pa Cuerpo de Paz gui?
Mba"6 gui-pa o-kyhyje-vg 10 mita Paraguli-pe, f-le-mendl gui tara-pa
cuartel gui?
 Cycle 23

model

Er-6 xu-p6 Tell him not to come.

TO THE STUDENT: Watch the use of the suffix !Lin negating certain types
of verbal constructions, The above is a common alternative way of saying
Er-6 xu-p4 anI o-d ti.

substitution

o-d Er-6 xu-p6

Er-6 xu-p6
o-karla Er-6 xu7g6 t-o-karu'Y.

translation

Tell him not to sit down. Er-6 xu7-p6 t-o-guapy'y.

Tell him not to standkup. Er-6 xu-pe t-o-Flembo'y'Sr".
Tell him not to laugh.. -Er-6 xu-p6 t-o-pukaIY.

A. Mba'6-pa ha-'e va.er5. xu-p6.

B. Er-6 xu-p6

appropriate 'response

1. Mta'6-pc rei-potg ha -'g xu-p6?

2. Mba'e-pa he-'1 xu-pg?
ETC.
 Cycle .2]-

model

Feme r3 xe-ve roi-nupa If you-dot sive it to me

'l

Fe-me'e" Re-me'e':;7 rjp x'e.-ve roi-nepa ta.

Fef.-puruuka Fei-nuruu.e.a'f' IzE,'".x-ve roi-nuDE:l. t.
e-hexu ka- Fe-hexu .:scra'.rd x6-ve roi-nupa -..a.
..,,
ur-e Er-e' r6 :,,..7-ve'roi-rupa ta.
Fe-mom:be'u Fe-mombe'ul-7 ro xe".-'.'e roinupa ta.
Re-r.asa Fe-1-,asal:7 .1, x,...--ve roi-nupa ta.

trar:.17.1ation

Fe-rresala':7 .y.e-nox; ta. dc:'.'. bite it to me I'll

be mad.

r.6 Ko'aita ta. If you don': sine n3w we will

e-apoe:7 rO la na-' va If you don't do ,.,:hat : tell you

ro-nur)&" ta. I'll hit you.

:onverslon

ro xe-ve ro-atresauka 1-_1 ri xt-ve ro-apresauka ta.

ro he-ndiv,:4 ta.

r Ia he-' va e:kirjr17.

dialog

E-pena'f/ na he*
listening_ for combretension

Ricardo: Ai -ke'Y ta ro la Cuerpo de Paz-pe a-hg ta Vietnam-pe.

xg katu nda-ha-sg-i la Vietnam-pe. Pero, ai-ke-7sg la Cuerpo
de Pas a-studia'S' taro" la guarani" mante.
Xg ka:u, a-ha'Y ta ro la Paragugi-pe apyte: ta nte a-studig
Cga-De.

aLDroDriate re.,onse

Nica'g-pa he-11 Ricardo?

:.!oo-Da o-116 ta oi-ke'Y ta r8 la Cuerpo de Paz -pe?
Yba'g of -apo'ij to ro mante-pa of-ke-sg la Cuerpo de Paz-De?
Moo ta ra-p_ Diego o-pytg ta-tte clOga-De o-studig?

model

.Cuerpo de Paz7pe of -ke o-studia- The ones who don't want to

se'y va. study join the Peace. Corps.

substitution

Cuerpo de Paz-pe o-studja-se'y va.

o-stuaia
o-mba.aDo Cuerpo de Paz-De of -kg 0-mba.apo-se'yva.
Cuerpo de Paz-pe oi-kg o-Ho-rair6-se'fi va.
o-flo-rairo
Cuerpo de Paz-pe of -kg o-menda-se'Y va.
o-mendg

translation

Ei-kg cuartel-pe re-menda-se'S; Join the Armed Services if you

1.
don't want to get married.
va. He said what he didn't. want to say.
2.
A-De of -kg o-mba.apo-se'Sre va-nte.
Those who don't want to work enter
3.
here.
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model

0-guahe vove'kur!:, a-se ma When he arrived, I was already

a-Ina. leaving.

TO THE STUDENT: Vove is .usually translated 'when'.

integration

0-guane kurt. A-se ma a-ina.

0-guahe vove kurt, a-se ta a-Ina.

0-d. A-hg ta a-mba.ano.

3. A-pu'a. A-Hepyra ta a-studies. lecci6n.

Ha'e o-d xe'visitg. rd-ai-me-i xe-6 ga-pe.

5. Ro-henoi nelg-vo. Re -se clase-gui.

o. A-hexg xu-pe. 0-guatg hIna bancb rovgi.

variable slot substitution

1. 0-guahe vove a-se ta a-guatg.

2.

3. mboyve

4. a-hg ta a-mba.apO.

7. vove

6. ma kurt

7. a -fienyra

8. a -studig.

9. 0.-pu'a

10. ta

11. rire
conversion

.H.a-T.:1 la a-vend va. Ha-'1."..: la a-vende'Y va.

A-vend g va. A-vend g la na-'u':7 va.
Ai-Dot g la a-hexg.va. Ai-totg, la a-hexa'y va.
-hex. la ai-potg va. .-hex. la ai-rota 'y va.
A-jogug la a.--kotev;:c va. A-jogug la a:-koteve'Y va.
A-h g. ta la a-ha-se ._ _a
1,
a--a-se k i

A-hg vakue la a-ha-sg hagug-pa. : A-hg vakue la a-ha-se' y hagug-p.e.

A,-an 6 la aj-at6 va. Aj-up6 la ca-a!,o'Y yd.

:ransiation.

at what i buy. ho...7".i. la a-jogug va.

2. ; sell what I don't eat. -vend g la ha-'u'? va.
3. I see what Ildon't want. A7-nexg. la ai-pota'y va.
I go where I don't want to go. A-hg la a-ha-se' y
I do wi:at I do want to do. a.-ato,e /a.
-

translation

save what I don't waste (gasta). A-HongatC; La la a-gastar.

2. I'll eat what I don't save. Ha-Y.1 ta la a-Hongatu'y va.
give to you what I don't eat. A-ne'P ta ndg-ve la ha-'u'y
va.

Cyr_le 2:.;;

tatterns for stud

tymoa animaa; pet

te cavajU that horse
.
xe-rymta-cavaju my horse
;Iymb;3..-cavaj horse

'-I 3 0
 .an cE o: a
someone as either (for example): a. ry horse
my pet h

Guarani when one speaks of a. domestic (or pet-) animal possessed

s=eone one does not say: xe-cava-u (my horse)

but rather xe-rymba-cava:d (iv pet horse) .

not nde-mburika (my mule)

but nde-r7-ymba-mburikg. (my pet mule)

not i-ja.ua (his dog)

but -'1,ymba-jagug. (his pet dog)

:_}avid-rymba-jagua pa peva? is that i.avids! dog?

Ubg ixa hina. nymba-jagug. Yes, it's his dog.

patterned response

RobertoTrymba-jagui-pa peva? Upe ixa Nina. nymba-jagug..

Maria-rymba-cavajia-pa peva? Upe ixa hina. Hymba-cavajil.
Nde-7.7-ymba-cavajil-pa peva? Upe ixa hina. Xe-rymba-cavajil.
,TR
.iae-rymba-mburikg-pa peva? Upg ixa hina. Xe-kmba-mburika.
X;-.;ymba-mburikg.-pa amava? Upe ixa hina. Nde-rymba-mburika.
aerymba-mbarakajg.-pa amova? Upe ixa hina. Nae-rymba-mbarakaja.
Pende-;.ymba-mbarakajg-pa kOva? Upe ixa hina., Ore-rymba-mbarakaja.
O

Orel.;ypba-kure-pa kOva? Upg ixa hina. Pende-rymba-kure.

:ice -rymba=vuey-pa kOva? Upe ixa hina. Xe-rumba-vuey.
 Phase

listenin for comprehension

Carlos tine un caballo y dos vacas. Ll caballo es blar.co y Las dos

:as son ne..-.7ras. Carit-.3
ElC.

vec'no de ios, que se llama Niguel,

appropriate response

Qui4r. tiene....
. Le qui4n es el caballo k.71-1-co?

for comprehension

Carlos ogue-reko peteT jagug. ha rho61. mbarakaj5.

La ::-Jmba-jagugL ;:era Lassie ha la '':ymbE-1-marakaa ku6ra katu pete: ?".era
Chiquita ha la otro hera Nariquita.

Nugel,peteI Carlos vecino katu ogue-reko 1-4.teI rifle ha o-jaku-s6 la

rymba-jagura ha ry:nba-mbarakaja ku4ra-pe.

Niguel: j-jaka ta pe Carlos rymca-jagug. Ara na ha pyhare o-:;iorairZ

mtarakajg.-ndi, ha nd-ikatru-i a-k4.

aperooriate response
7
N-cov Iagug.-pa ogue-reko Carlos?
2. Nava rymb-,3ai:ug.-pa ;:era Lassie?
3. ixa-pa na,:a la nymba-mbarakja kugra?
Lassie-pa peteI mbarakajg. kuT.a?
Niguel-pa Cario.,.-rymba?
t. Nbapa ogue-re. Niguel?
7. Mba'4-pa oj-apo--:sMiguel?
o. Miguel-pa "Xe"gusta ko'a Carlos .pcymba kuera"?
9. Carlos-pa o-Earairo :.iguel-ndi ara ha pyhar6?
i. Lassie-pand-ikatcdi o-k4 Niguel gui?
 'xa-ta re'-nnt'? 1-:ow ytu
re7pa t",,ra-pa ixa -rite. milk tr just

Kamb=7 f;i milk.

contrast:

h- 1ft n comtahy wItn

mother.

kaMv re he takes coffee- with milk

re (2....-!1e, or rehev; indizates the thins incluueu,

or taken care r).f. ther examples:

va.erE. Handf, We should w,s:. our ate w'tb

ha javon re. hot water and scat.

i-kaU la plata rr.. esca:. «12, the money.

Xe-renave ro-I entre cuarto. Including me there are four

cf .

re goes around looking ,=Ift'7: me.

substitution

tife, mandi'6 bife mandi'C

kambf; re?
cocido, kambf
'apple pie', kes.0 'ap7le pie' kes;:i re?
kaguijS7, kamb kaguiLc-
eira, manduv5: Re-'u-se-ca a manduvf: :e?

translation

How would he like it:. Mbafe of -octLi?

Does he want it with sugar? asuct: re?
Do you eat peanuts .with honey? manduve re?
Will he come with the =hey? ta-pa la olata
You cannot enter the comisaria rei-k6 comisaria-oe
,-with your dog. nde-rymba jaguel re.
t. I sa7.- an Indian with his arrows. A:nexa peter indio a-flecha
kuera re.
 11.
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aDr_roloriat response

MLal"6-pa of -k6 ra.e nde-port_':2-me?

Mba'6-pa of -k6 ra.e xe-porety-me?
Mba'6-pa of -k6 ra.e ore-poret-me?
:4-ba."6Tpa re-aDo-s6 xe-Dore'-me?
IDate-pa to xe-Dore'S'-me?

Cycle 28

model

e-te-pa. ::a -:n bojere What are we supposed to turn

va.e z De yvy. the ground with?

B. Pala-De. With a shovel.

of' is rendered by
_3 THE STUDENT: 'with' in the sense of 'by means
De (c: its nasal variant me). For example:

Ta-scrivl: lapis De.

We write with a pencil.
We cut with a knife.
ja-kytL. Ivse-De.
We work "'with our hands.
apo Hande-DO-pe.
He killed it with gun.
C-juka mbok5.-pe.
.

take ha hava-me. We wash our hands with hot

-ater and soap.

patterned response

1. :,Fpa'e-pe-pa o-jr. -jukg. ryguasia, rev-aver-re-pa teraD-, kys6-pe?

ba'6Lpe-Da elevante, fiecha-:e-pa tera-pa mbo'a pukia-pe?
Mbate-De-pa o-je-juka mberu, mboka puku-pe-ra flit-pe?
Mbate-pe-pa o-fie-pc.ano tubercu-osi, ioha- ^pa tera-pa cana-pe?
.

Mba'.1=-pe-pa Booth o-jukg. raka:e Abre:r,am revolver-pe-pa .

5-
tera-Da esDada -re?
6. va.era-pa Eande-a6 plancha-pe tera-pa Pala -ne?
-,embi-pur.-oe?
is -'u 7a.era--ca bifr, f-:Phde-nC-pe

--
abbrbbriate resocnse

1. :,:ba'e-pa jaj-ap5 plancha-pe?

2. Mba'a-pa Saj,an6 t,rbyxa.-be?
3. Mba'-pa jaj-ao6 tembi-puru-pe?
Mbatpa jaj-at 6 haxa-be?
5. Ylia'e-Da ,;aj-an5 machete-De?
b. oateoa jaj.-ap6 i'Iande-p6-De?
jaj-ab6 F.ande-.by-pe?
Y.ba'a-pa jaj-ap6 .Flande-,]ura-ce?
Ycapa jaj-ap6 Hande-;-esg.-De?
LTC.

Cycle 29

-:-,atterns for study

0-se i-s: ndi. He left with his mother.

0-se i-sy'2 re(he). He '.-ft without hi: mother.

O-s :.ymta-jagua re(he) ;ve He left with his dog.

0-se re(he). He left without his dog.

He eats with utensils.

4r j He eats without utensils.

TO THE STUDE:::: Notco that 'without in each of the above cases

extres=,:d in t.e sane i.e. the negative '7 plus the bostposition
.
recetition and conversion

Teacher: Roberto o-h6 vaekue tine ha-oe ndi.

Repeat: Roberto o-ho vaekue eine ha-pe i-sobrino ndi
Convert: Roberto o-h6 vaekue eine ha-pe i- sobrino'y re.

reacher: Agustin o-mba.ap6 kokue-pe. ndi.

Teacher: Juan of -k6 Colonia LiberaciOn-pe i-familia ndi.

_ocher Aje'i ma Pablo o-xle'e hague i-je-gusta ha ndi.

Teacher: Don Pedro o-'15. Paraguai-ce i-tayra ndi.

model

0-i bete: xe-Rmigo ikatu va o-me'e There is a friend of mine who''

nde-ve mbohacy topiti nde-cobra'S7 can give you3 rabbits without
re mba'evg.' charging you anything.

COMPARE THE FOLLOWING:

o-cobra'S7 he doesn't charge

o-cobra'S' retie W,thout his charging

model

Ag-pa ikatri,o-me'e xe-ve taciti Who can give me 3 rabbits

xe cobra'Y re Mba'evg. without charging me anything.

1. 0-mba.ap6 o-bytuiu'y re. He works without ceasing.

2. 0i-ke o-paga5= re mba'-eve. He ;:trite:ed without paying anything.
3. o-henai'Y re ava-ve-pe. They came without calling anyone.
4. o,pupu',,j re. He drank water without boiling it.
5. Ho-'11 yva o-johei pL. 'y re. She ate the fruit without washing
it well.
o. 0-se avave oi-kuag.':7 re. John left without anyone's knowing it.
7. A-hg. to la reuniOn I will go to the meeting -.without
re ava-ve xe-reka. anyone's coming to get me.
xe-rehe''). He left without. me.
.
Ai-kO coche'ff re ha plata'Y re. I'm going around without car and
without money.
 10. . Upeva 'SP re ava-v nai katu-i Without that no one can do anything.
of -ap6 mba'e-ve.

11. Hetg gentp oi-k6 ogue-rek6 'y Many people go around without anyt::ini
re ho-ca va. era ha o-mond to eat or anything to wear.
va.era.

model

0-fiotY tomate o-prepara 'y He planted tomatoes without

re la yvfi. preparing the ground.

patterned response

T. Ha'.g ndo-prepara-i va.ekug la yvf.

S. 0-Hoty avat o-preparg. TY re 14

T. Ha'g ndo-heka-i va.ekug yvS7 Dora.

S. 0-Hot:;= avati c-heka 'y re la yvjr pora.

T. ha'g ndo-abona-i a.eku6 la ij-yv:f.

a',g no F.ong.i y o -Dupu va ij vy re.

dialog

A. Mba'g-pa of -apg vaku.g ?

O-Hotfi tomate o-prepara'Y re la yvf.r.

1._;pe mcnda-hg o-1-.a-EY plata reheve.

:._peat: monaa-ha o-ka.FIY plata rehe7e.
Convprt: ijpe mcnda-ng o-kanY plata'y rehe.

7a Clotilde o-ho Paragugy-pe i-mba'g repS7 relieve.

i-portafolio reheve.
Pe indio-pe a-hexa jevfy= ma centro-pe i-flecha '::ultra reheve.
Don Pablo o-U ore-visitg vo i;ymba-]agug rehevee.
a criado o-guane o-U vo on Silvio-rymoa gu621 reneve.
 Ue6 i-fiembya4i va tlembi-aura -pe.
S. I-aembyah3li va o-karra tembi-pure -be.
S. 1.-fiembyah;ri va okard tembi-puru'Y re.

Xe-hermano o-none va.eic.ue

T. Pe kung -karal O-kuer6'poh.d.
Pe kuimbas i-py'a-gu?sra.

contrast

He dnesn' bay
0-oaga'
0-pagaV re(he) Witnout (his, paying

Notice that the idea of 'without (VEH.JEA ihg' is expressed

TO ih STUDENT:
by adding ,y retie to the v,r:rb.

recetition - conversion

Ha'6 o-mba.ap6 ha ndo-cytu'u-i. (works, _es

T.
Repeat; ha'e o-mba.apo ha hao-pytu'u-i.
Convert: o-mba.ac5 o- .ytu').,:: re.

Ha'e of -k6 ha ndo-cae

ha'e o-ra ha nd-c-henoi
Maria hoy'rl ha nd-o-.7)
A-ba to la reunir::
0-1" petei karat
nda-nde-covrr,'L mo'a-:
a-ve-pe.
(dirnk water, boil)
va-ye nd-o-%1 mo'd-i.
:.de -ve mbohacy tapiti ha
cca'e-ve.

rode

0-se -.:-e-rE.he'f-f.
he left withc,ut

he post-position to a
STUD NT: Notice that whin
ploncun it becomes 1.7he'Y.

batterhed remorse

xe-rehe';7?
ha xe-rehe'f7?
:,,,rlde-rene'y?
Ha
5. Ha i-sako
-a

dialog

Rei-me gukert-o3ko ,Are you still around ?

Hee. Ai-me. Yes I am.

Ha Juan. id Juan.

Juan o-se rehe Juan left without me.

0
 BLVIEW STAGE

practice Going to Bed

Mba'eDa rej-ap6 re-Ina ?

A-moI pora a-ina xe-rucg a-kg hagua.

A-He-mbol: a-Ina a-ke .hagua.

A-leg a-Ina xe-rubg-pe a-ke mboyvg.

A-scrivl a-Ina petal carta a-kg mboyvg.

Mba'g-parei-potg ?

E-kiriri, t-a-kg.

E-mbogue pe 11s t-a-ke.

xe-rupg gui t-a-ke.

E-mbogue pe radio.

E-moi mbegue-vg De radio.

AnI ti.

E-mboty pe o-kg.

pe ventgna t-oi-ke

E-myandfjpe lrlst-a-heka mI xe-rein.

E-se okg-De t-a-He-mbol.

E-rova mi xe7ndivg ko tupa ko'ggui.

Ai-petg xetombAy vol ko'ero.

Ai-potg xelmombgy la sets ko'ero.

rractice betting

1 Mbe.'e Ora-pa nde re-ou'a ?

A-pu'a la seis rupT..

Ora-pa nde ?

Sapy'ante las nueve is sapy'ante las Once.

ixa-pa ? C-ru'a ma-ra Jose ?

Aje-pa !

Carlos, -pu'a py !

Nahaniri;: xe gueteri.

Mba'e rarpa xelmombay r

2. Ndende-mandu'a-i-pa este die jague-reko ha nete7 examen ?

Xakeirei-ty la nde-aramboha.

A-hexa, ange pyhare ma voT. ho-'a kurt.

11.7oa'e-pa o-jehil Lorenzo-re ?

Francisco o-Hone hese:7 hupa -De.

=e-kotev.:4 Ha-pu'a ja-studia.

Xe a-studig, ta xe rupa-pe-nte.

ha nde-re-ho mo'fL-i-pa clase-pe ko pynare-ve ?

Francisco, M:,L'e Ora-pa re-pu'a ta ?

Aga-ite ma. h-moi radio ila-nend mbate-pa o-I va.

Te-kotev re-::a-kakarai re-pu'a rire porcue nde-aka xara.

ha nd-ai-kuag.-i morpa o_ -me la xe-k-j%gua.

1. I-ky'g ma la Hande-savang.

2. ha e-pu'a py t-a-jon6i.

1. Mba'e-pa rej-ap6 re-Ina.

A-moi a- Ina xe-conAlta.

A-He-mond6 a-Ina.

Ajap6 a-Ina xe -ram osa gug..

Food Preparation and Lating

practice

C-pupil ma-Pa la nde- l6crc?

0-pupil ma-pa is nde-kamb:;?
0-pupil ma-pa la rae-;7?
0-Pupil ma pa la nde-rembi'il?

2. CJ-pupil rae va.era o-jy pores hagua.

0-pupil rae va.era re-mboguej:7_ hagua.
0-pupil rae va.era re-mbonu'a hagua.
0-pupil rae va.erg re-moi nagua pyre la juk§.

4. Pe-jagug-pe o-gustg. la so'O p7ra.

Pe,,'sure -pe o-gustg la papa plra.
Pe-mbarakajg-pe o-gustg la kamb:"/ pyra.

Xg-ve nda-xe-gustg-i la so' O` p:',ra. Ha ndgVe?

Kg-ve aver. Xe kuimba'g, nda-jagug.-i.

C-jf,", Ma-pa la nde-;:embi'il?

Ne'ira guateri, pero o-pupil ma nIna.

1. Mba'6 ixa-pa nde-gustg la verdilra,p:;rapa tera pyre?

014
o- pyre.
 _265

Nda-h4-i ko .;embi'L

3. AEetf er-e, he'a mbox3'..

Ko oi-kotev-ve jukl.

ko cafe asucl.

--seco-iterei ko
T nd-ikata-4 ha- It
.

na, cervesa

Re-mboney-6 va.er la

2. Xe-pa? Nah.niri, h.c'e" pora ma.

Xe-any'6 za'a.

Xe-byt:7 ko ka oz.

ko gaileta.

etaref ko so'O.

ai-kyt7

3-fleha xe-hegui

ZJ ya xe-r-juat7E

Xe a-ate u-ve to 3u teri mix m1.

Xe xe-FZembyah:li

Zoa',e-pa reta-sse-74:

na'u-se-ve

c. » ±G katu a'l-ve

v2I
 Recreation

7.,-ractice

1. Ja-ha ja-hugg p,lcta.

Ja-hg ja-hugg
Ja-hg ja-hugg vgsqueval.
Ja-hg ja-hugg tnis.
Ja-4-1a ja-hugg b6isbol.

2. Ro-hugg kurl pelota (etc.).

Mava-pa o-gang ra.6?

Mava-pa o-berde ra..4?

Pe-se-na o-joja ra.6?

1. Nde-re-huga-se-i-pa vargha xe-ndiv6?

2. iiahaniri. Pero a-huga-s6 pelota.

1. 0-fie-pyra ma-pa la partido?

2. Nahaniri pero o-Re-pyra mbota. ma.

bra-pa opgta kc nartfdo?

2. Nd'ai-kuagi. Pero aje ma o-fie-nyra hagu6.

. 1. Mba'4 ixa-pa oi Nina hikugi?

2. Jaguarete o-gang dos a cero.

1. Oi-k6 petal pang'. Maya-pa of -nupg 'ca.?

2. Ikatu of -nung Francisco. Ha.16 oora la pelota.

1. Mba'6 re pa nde 1.-huga-se-vti'Ai ma?

X6 kane'o ma gui.

Ne'ira-pa nde-kane'ö?

Pero nae nde-re-huga-se -1/6-i ma ro, ja-poi.

re-matey -kung.?

2. :.ahaniri. Pero a-none -kuaI sg.ke.

Listening in

about the weather

dialog.

J-Lje ba Ira hakd hina? Boy, isn't it hot?

AHete er -e. You're telling me'.

.

to -pa? Will it rain?

Nd-o-k3P mc'E-' No, it won't rain.

Ara hakd hina, aj6%a? It's hot, isn't it?

B. Ajti-ba Ira hakd hina'. Boy, isn't it hot:

 r

listening ia

Jose: Mbee nende-asaje? , How are you -,his nocn?

Pedro: I-pora mI-nte hina, ha ndg? Just fine. ,nd you':
Jose: . I-port1.-nte avei., Just fine. :co.
Maria: Re-kard ma-na ra.? Have you eaten :,et?
Jose: Nah&niri. ramo hina xe No. I'm just coming from work.
a-mba.abC hg gui.
Peclro: E-guapS7, x-amigo, ha e-kard Sit down, my friend, and eat
ore-ndive. us.
Mara: Mbeeca re'a-se? 'What would you like to eat?
Jose: Segue -rek6 va-nte. Whatever you have.
1;-edro: E-mbohasa m: pe Pass the water.
Jost: I.,de-re-je-servi-ve-i ma-pa, Won't you have some more, on
Na Maria?
Maria: Gracias. Kota va-nte i-bora Thanks. Th:: is fine.
ma.
Pedrc: Nda-i-tori-pa yvg? Is there no fruit?
bakovl na mero. There are bananas.
Jos "7: 0-cocina he la :de -re mbi-rek6. Your wife cooks very well.
Pedro: Hee. Afiete er-e: That's right.

A. Rej-d rate?
Hee, aj-d kurl.
A. Ha moo-iko re-h6 ra e?
B. Ha Luque-pe.

A. Re-scrivi ra'g xu-pe. Ajg-ta?

3. A-scrivi,rei-l-uag ra.e.
A. Hee ai_Lag. Ha mava-iko he-'i ride-ye ra.e.
B. Jose o-mombe'd xe-ve kuehe.
 .?

study and listenin;:.

ana nde-re,ru-ml. What brings you here?

no-Handia vo. ba ixa-pa I have come to visit you-all.
How are you.
Ho:1-k6 pord-mbg.-nte. We are all fine.
ha lo mita-ca Are your children all well
'ha ne. i-jlru he io=".
Here they are, all healthy
hikuLL. (with good acetites).
(Lit, with delicious mou-",q)

aY-_-,ca la ne-'5: va hina: What is he sayin,z?

ja-heja xu-pe He says he wants us to let him
study.

on Porfidio is very mad at

memby idd. your son.
Why?
xu-pe he caught him stealing his
,jave h:na la i-pakcve. bananas.

Ica' e re-pa nda-pe-h: ma? ;,hy haven't you already gone?

gui rc-Zna Jose-cc. We are waiting on Joe.
oj-a6 hIna hate? What is he doL.g?
hIna :othing, he is just not ready.

he. a: a.

An, mtaraka
Y.rak2 katu a-mbou-kuaa.

guiw, mo8-peve-ca ja-lee- a.

A-gui7e pe
Araka' guive-pa re-cc ha ko iivro?
A: I guive
 ouetions to antic :pate
Mba'.5-pa La Cue-ro dP, PP -7?
A. La Cuerpo de Paz ;tete]: organi-
saciOn ogue-rekc va voluntaric
o-se va Norteamerica gui o-h6
ha-guEl otro tetE-me. 0-He'e-kua5
hiku5i re f7",e'e va mama
Leta. c -ho h6-pe, oi-k6 la g.:inte
ku5ra ndi ha o-mba.ap6 hiku51 o-
.
,]e-sresialisa va.ekue-re.
o-I la Cuerpo de
Plz?
Ro-: ko'5-pe ro-Mba.ap6 ha-gu5
Servicia de Extensi5n Agricola
ndi (sera programa de Saneamiento
Ambiental ndi). Eici-pytyv6-s"
xu-re ku5r\a mtaT5 c -ar6
hIna-te.
A2. Cuerpo de Paz o,:-at6 heta mbate
rorL....ikatu h4tua o-jo-guera:.5
rora-v6 la Norteamericano ku5ra
ambue 'Leta ndi, tera, (la hate-
s:5 va) roi-kua Nora -ve haE-ua
pee-me, ha pee ore-kuaa te)ra-5-
haud avel.
;C=2,. ava-pa o-pa g pee-me, gotierno
lior',,eamer-lcano sera gobierno
Paraguayo?
Or voluntario-nte. La gobierno
Norteamericano c-pa75 01.-entred-
amiento re, pasaje re, e:-5 re, ha
op5 mba'5 re ro-1 aja ko'5-pe, la
gobierr Paraguayo katu o-contr:ou.':
ore-pasae rol-k6 a 5 o' e,
na heta mba'e-v5.
Qu6 es el Cuerpo a,t raz':
Es un crograma eh Tue
Lo: Norteamericano -,an a
otros pal'ses, aprenden
idioma, viven entre la genie,
y ayudan t6cnicamente en su
caapc de eLpecialidad.
Q2. Cu51 es la mision del Cuerro
de Paz:
Al. Estamos aqua Para, trabajar con
el Servicic de ExtensiOn
cola (o Programa de Saneamiento
Amtiental) y ayudar en los
programas que 5ste est5 d,-s-
arrollando.
Al. La misiOn del Cuerpo de Paz
crear mayor comprensi6n entre
ei pueblo norteamericans y
otros pueblos; es decir, darno:
a nosotros la oportunidad de
conoceries a ustedes y a,la vez
ayudarles a ustedes a conocernos
a nosotros.
Quienes les pagan a ustede,
ed ;7otierno Norteamericano
el gobierno del Paraguay?
A. Samos voluntarios. El gobierno
Norteamericano raga los gastos
de entrenamiento, transporte,
estadia, ropa,,etc.,- y el
gobierno Paraguay° contr.lbuye
materialez, transporte, 10al,

c,44. Pe-elehi.-pa pee la acts. pe-
ho-se ha?
Hee. Ro-mond6 vo la ore-solicitud A.
ro'g moo-pa rc-ho-sg.
Q5. Mba'g re-pa re-elehl
ha7gue
A, Xe-interesg,gui is cuitura,
mlasica, ha gente 3.Daragugi-pe pe
gua. Ko'al.peter tete va
ha is gente kuera iH-amable-
eterei:
Nde-;11 kl.lera-pa oi-kove gueteri?
Y. . Hee. Ha'e ol-Xcve gueteri?.
^-7 :4-Date-pa nc-'I hi c,si nde are''
to ha'gue re 2-oe2.
a'e :(1.1era c,1 -kua oore mbale-
A.
pa aj-ap6 Cuer:pc de Paz-pe ha o-I
xe-ndive.. Ha kcie-ga
xe-amigo beta ha a7y'a-otar,-1..-h.
Q8. Re-hexa ga'1".1-oa nde-;i1 kuera-pe?
Hee, a-hexa ga'd xa-oe kuera ha
A.
ha'e kuera aver xe-rexg pero
py'S7inte ro-jo-scrivi ani ha,--Zue
ndo-ro-v y'a-i. Ha'e kuera ol-
kuag. ko 2 z2los a-nytg va ko'g-pe
xe-ptytvata ha xe-educaci6n-oe.
Ha'e kuera oi-potg. xe ai-kuag
arbue tete ha la i-costumbre avei.
7O
ligen ustedes el ba s donde
quieren :-?
Si. Al mandar nuestra solicitud
declaramos nuestra preferencia
en cuanto al lugar donde
aueiriamos ir.
Q5. Porque eligi6 venir al Paraguay?
A. Tengo interes en la cultura,
gente, etc. del Paraguay:
is un pals muy lindc y la gente
es muy amable.
Q6. Tiene todavla a sus padres?
A. Si", los tengo.
QT. No se oousiaron a cue usted
viniera acts: por tanto tiempo?
A. No. Ellos, saben cual es la
misiOn del Cueroo de Paz y
estgn de acuerdc con lo cue
estoy hacienda. Ademgs Eaten
aue estoy ganando aqui nuchos
amigos y cue me encuentro feliz.
Q8. No les estraHan mucho ellos?
A. Si, me extranan y yo les
extrano mucho tambien, pero nos
escribimos a menudo y esto
ay Lida a cue no nos sintamos tan
_stes. :ambler. elics consi-
deran a estos 2 anos comp parte
de me educaci6h. Enos auleren
cue tenga la opertunidad de
conocer a otro pueblo y sus cos-
tumbres.

entrehehec pafa Igue-
:ek
?a -7 va.ekue 3 meses Pete: univer- A.
sidad Norteamerica-pe.
ha.gu,1 Paragug.i gui, i-gente kugra
gui, ha i-custumbre gui. Fo-
studi5. avei karari: Fley-e ha ava
He'I: ha rc-resivi ge=es ent:-ena-
miento es ;ecia
na upgi ro-nytg = semana San
lcrensc-pe, u20 -De roi -k
Faraguayo kugra ndi 5z upe ajg
ro-st-adia vg IL rcj-ac 6 va.era.
C,10. ZJ a-rek6 netel kat:- xe-;-Oga-pe.
a'g re-Da ndg-re-j_.-i :ei-kc
ore- =dive?
arg-ruvixa he-li orb -ve
re-ko na't,-;ua nete.L nensiOn-pe'
roi-kuag ha ro -ntenc 2\ -;J
pev..; la Dueb.le ha la gente kugra-
ce. Jci ro-z3 to :oi -k is
fga oart4cular-ze.
Q11. a re ^ga ne-mba.apC' organi-
saci.in gotierno-pe gua ndi a?_6?
Crg n2= -rc-mba.apC-i gobierno
ndi o. Fc'-kuaa vovg net9I
organisacin nartdcular 0-
flenyr:7 hg ge=es orograma ncra
ore ro-I ro-mba.an5 halua ixa
_ -
Q12. oc ere oa netel organj.-
in religicsa?
&7/
Qu cease de entrenamientc ha
tepid 1..:1-ted?
Pasamos ties meses en una univer-
sidad en Norteamgrica aprendiendo
acerca del Paraguay, la gentes
y sus ccstumbres. Tamb:.gn
estudiamcs espaHol y guarani y
recibino entrenamiento especial
de la tgcnica de
7espugo sasamos cuatro semanas
.2.n San Lorenzo con familias
Paraguayas durante las cuales
estudamos mgs acerca de lo que
estaremos hacienda aqui.
S. eo teams una Dieza en mi casa.
Pcroug no viene a vivir con
nosotros?
A. :;ouestrcs directcres ncs ha
instruido a vivir en una pensiOn
has:a cue ccnozcamos y comorend-
amcs mejor al pueblo entonces
nodemcs vivir en una casa par
ticular.
n17 For qug trabajan =steles sola-
mente-con organizaci'ones del
gobierno?
No no limitamos a trabajar con
crganizaciones del gobiernc. En
cuantc una organizaciOn par-
ticular desarrolla un Drograma
adecuadn estamoslistos para
trabajar con ella.
Tiene ei Cuerno de Paz alguna
misi5r. reiigiosa?
 '

El Cuerl: i de Paz no es una

Nananiri. Nda-ha'g-i organf.aci6n A.
religiosa. Upepe of -kg of -me rap DL -nizaci6n religicsa. Personas
llquier relisi5n puede ser
va religion-pe gua. Ente7) c-ao- d:

ndive pg ro-mba.an6 opg to a .nt.es de ella. Todos

tuixa-vg hagua .
tray. os juntos para un fin

.l3. Nde-oa re -mender va? X13. Es naqad,:,

H'ee.

Q14. CuLntc s-
a ma-pa re -rends 1

A. 3Jap6 can aao. Un aao.

Mba'g re-pa nde pende-memb-i? Por sue

C;i15.

Cv.erpo de Paz ndo-permiti-ri El C.uerpc de Paz ;:,;. 1.,)s permitz

la.ore-memb ko'a 6,7;E: tener nijoo durante e:,t0s dos
aaos roi-me aja kc'g-pe. Xe- anos. Si tenemos 37.

rembi-rek6 i-memb .,%da-ikatu esoosano puede trabajar porcue

o-mba.apO Lo.zque oa-atenao tends, quo cu.aar a niaos.
va.era i-membicr re.
 ',7-3

WORD STUDY

Adjectives Verbs

=rot:. white o-pgy he wares up

o-mbomorct: he whitens o-mbombgy he wakes hit-; up
lv'a dirty 0-13'a he rises
o-mbongy'g he makes it dirty c-mbopu'a he raises it
ra-ve
_

better o-kg he sleeps

o-mbop3ra-v he improves it o-mbong6 he puts hiL. to sleep
ak wet o-ike he enters
o-mbyak he wets it down o-mboingg he puts it in
i-ka dry he comes
o-mboka he dries it 11! sends (makes come)
hakt1a sharp Os are leaves.
o-mbohakug he sharpens it o mbose he gets rid of it
he'e sweet o-iov-j: he lives
o-mboheva he sweetens it a-mboingoA" I make it liv,i:
tuvixa great; large keep rt alive
o-mpotu....ixa he enlarges it o7karil lie ,-2a-.s
pyha.:: 'new -mbongarCI he feeds him
a-mbopyhau I renew it _J-ku,r.g he heals
o-m:.onguerg he heals him
o-hasg to pass
Noun E. o-Mbohasg 1Bassos it

kuarahg sun
o-mbokuarahg he suns it
true hole
o-mbokug he perforates it
laera he names it
sa rope
o-mbosa I hitch (te animal to
something)
puku long
a-mbosElpukil : hitch it
lots cf slack
mbykg short
a-mbosambykg : hitch it with
little slack
VT//' seam
a-mbovyvg I sew it
tsig fool
o-mbotavg he fools him
hendg blaze
a-mOy(h)endg a fire
atg pile
o-mbyatg he gathers thr:m
 El Telegrama

circulo tomados de la mane. Uno

Los estudiantes se sientan en
clrculo come 'X' en la grgfica de abajo.
de ellos queda en el .centro del

2
8

X 3

4
6

'mensajes' a otro par medio de

El juego consiste en enviar ciertos
senates imperceptibles otra vez de las manos unidas. El estudiante en
ester pasando a quien el 'mensaje'
el centro tratarg de descubrir quiet)
enviada. Veamoslo.
antes que ella llegue a la persona a quien es
Ent6nces:
El numero 1 quiere envier un telegrama

Nilmero 1: Ague-rehauka-se petei telegrama.

X: Mava-pe-pa, karal?
(Carlos es el nilmero 8 y le
NUmero 1: Ague-rahauka-se Carlos-pe.
envia.)

X: 0-guahe ma" pa?

Neetira gueteri. (u) 0-gualle ma!

Niamero 8:
 Supongamos cue 'X' logra -2r o descubrir cue el nilmero 5 estg
nasando el 'mensaje' a niamerc o por medic de una presiOn en la mane.
.i....ntonces 'X' dirg: Na pe-pe. Y nilm,-ro 5 coma perdedor ocuparg el
lugar de 'X' en el crcuio, hasta at.. cane a otro mandando el 'mensaje'.
Puede .jugarse hasta cue todos hayan... ten1do la oportunidad de ter''X'.

Si los estudiantes estIn capacitados puede afiadirse el contenido

del emensajel o telegrama. Por ejemplo:

A-Fiete-se nde-ndive.

A-karu-se nde-raga -pe.

A-mendg to ko"e-ro.

etc.
 40.1 1
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0 cl
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4
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 .377

B. MI-cy-pa 1 a tapiti°

Mbohapy o-nupyt:; 1.010 guarani rupd ha reach

la henda gul rui. their housing

Xe nsia-gue- __:o -i la plata a-jogua hagua

ixa la rapid.

A. jkatu ne-pa re-.]oua la o-He-koteve va enda lo necesari,-

gua kuera:

ikatd ne.

Na-regue-re1:1-i rE--; jepe la hepy re., or

ikatia ro-consegu! nde-7e, o-I betel xe-
amigo o-me'e ta va nde-ve mbohapv tapiti
nde--cobra'Y. re mbateve, nde re-me' e ta ramo
xu-pe la seis re-mbongakuag ree-ve va.
o
Pero LemEalyji hetg. tapiti, nde rej- when you have
ao6 ta upe ixa aver pet nde- axaigo re.

I-pora la nde-idea, ikatla ne-pa upe 1-ire

t
a-nePyra a-:.e-r.kg la tapiti ro'o He- vender sell, market
pe?

A. ride -rehe me ma o-I upg va. Tapiti Ito'o that depends on you
o-valg Paragu4-pe 140 el kilo.

B. .I-porn-iterel upe va, pero Paraguay

mombyr-eterel.

A. Pero ndg niko ikatu ko'g-pe-te re-je-hekg: you yourself market

pype.

Xe-pytyv8 ne-pa a-roja hagua la i-koteve bring

va henda gua kuera. Xe ndague-reko-i for their pen
Mpa'e-re-pa agueru ta?

A. Hee, mbale guiteoa ani xene ta? Why not?

Mba'e tek6-pa -ja-jo-topg.r6 lunes How about?
ferreterfa rovg.i las nueve rupi.

B. 0-i porn, ja-pytg. upe ixa, entonces.

Basta luego.
 Bol Well-Water

In my grandfather's home
;6za-pe c-I rate_:,
there's a well. And when
ha ro-non vo la ;i::-,,nda-jepi
SaPy'a-nte nenyhe-mbe yso'r we fetch water from it,
i-ocra-i. not always good. Sometimes
na ope ixa gue vrxo nd-o-je-n exe-i it is all full of worms nd
va gui. Ha o-je-'d ramo uze y
ky'e
all sorts of bugs which are
gui, umiva um: vixo o-porn-mtohas:7.
media not seen. And if one drinks
?era o-F:e-mbozuoil ramo upe
of the dirty water, those
rupi, o-manO-mbe hikuei ba
. _ . cause peoPle sickn.:ss. But
pyta f 1-pot: sake..
if the water is made to boil for
about half an hour the. bugs
will die and the water stays
clean and clear.

listening_ for comzrehension

ange-pyhare, ha xe katd
.aa-mor nde re-Hen3 vol hague kurl ndi.
7.-3en3 vcr-ri hagug, a-he gui a-farree pde-chica

aaoroariate response

Xe-pa voi ra.e ange-pyhar?

Ha'e-pa vol ra.e ange-pyharg?
Ange-pyhare na'e o-flen8 vol kurl.
Ha araka'g-za nde vol
:4ava ndi-za a-ha a=farree ra.e anO-pyhare?

Listening for comprehension

,
a-F:e-henaa'o, ha aj-d ko'e-re,
Kuehe a-pu'a kurI las seis. A-jovahei ,

a-mba.ap6, ha a-vy'a zende-nd:Ive.

Upei a-he kurla-kard cafeterla-
te ha a-he a-ke.
peter c?-taha pe las tres rupi, aj-ia
a-pu'a,a-studio guaranr,a-scrivr ope 1.-re la ilande-
L_
e. a -pe, a-tope Jose-pe, ha upei pej-d kuri zee.
clas-_, kurl a-cen,ft ha uzei a-jand ha a-Eakaky'6.
las 10 ru;ri a-ke.
A-Eaejaky'c :sire a-Flen6, a-leg petei novela,na pe
 approprf,ate response

Mba'e hOra-na a-ou'a ra.e kuehe?

a- a. ra.e?.
Mba'e-pa "aj-a.pe ra.e?
Marna a-kart ra.e?
Mbate-pa aj-ap6 ra.e a-karu r_-e?
Xba'e-pa a-studig ra.e a-pu'a rir5?
Mba'e-pa a-scrivl ra.e?
ba'e-loa aj-ap6 ra.e te las tres rupi?
Mava-pe-pa a-topes ra.e?
Mava-pa o-d ra. upei?
Mba'e-pa aj-an6 ra.e opg rire la Faande-clase?
Mba'e-pa a-lee ra.e?
(h)Ora rupi-pa a-kg ra.e?

lictening for comprehension

Xe xe-sera Eulogia Centurion.

: -nace va.ekue Villarrica-pe el dos de
noviembre de 1944. A-rek6 15 hermano, ha xe-sS:-
ha xe-rd. 0j-ap5 tres
meses aj-11 hague ko'g-pe a-mba.apo hagua.

AraRue a-mba.a:o peter despensa-pe ha pyharekue

katd a-studies ikatu hagua
ixa ai-pytyva la xe-familia kuera-pe poroue ore
a aver La xe-17-11 i-tujg
ore-mboriand ha ore-retg,
ma ha nd-ikatu-ve-i ma o-mba.ap5..

Culture Note

Las adivinans en ei Paraguay son muy populares.

en el que los arandu ka'at" miden el poder de Es e2 oasatiempo
su ingenio o la chispa de su
iaginaci6n.

Es en realida. un concurso del saber.

Los temas son incontables.
Estes profudamente inc Istada en la cultura
paraguaa. Es que too
paraguayo -s amigo de la adivananza; nada le imnresiona
tanto como la
hatilidad mental a la cianera del Supin del Crimen de
.D-. la calle Moroue
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 J1-Lt

STAGE

Cycle -

Ai-rytyvo kur xu-rg kokuehg : helped him last time with

hembi-arg-pe. his work.

catterned response

kuri kokueng Lmbi-a6-re. Ha nag?

Ai-pytyv3 kuri xu-D6 kokuehe hembi-ap6-pe.

Roi-pytyvo kurl kokuehg 1:embi-arE.-re.

3 Ha na'g?
tyv7,5 kur xu-n6 kokuehg Lembi-ap6-pe.

Ha ore?

5. Ha xg?

c :a Landg?

Lon l:ilverio Roi-rytyv5 kurt Don Silverio-pe ko-

kuehe Lmbi-arg-re.

X'-re kugra Roi-pytyvo kurt xu-pe kugra kokuehg

nembi-arg-re.

:a Rurerta 2oi-pytyvo kurt ?i Ruperta-pe ko-

kliehe hembu-arO-re.

Uri A:7ente de Extenxion Agricola ROi-pytyvOkur3: Umi Azente de

Extencion Arcola re kokuehg
17.embi-ang-pe.
 ambu. a-hex,a. -)ay before yeterday .Law him
at home.

SUbStitUti
A-;:exL5... Kuehe ar5.bu'e" a-1' ,.ex_. xu-pe SOga-be.
:-.h.,13' Kuehe embu.6 a-heroi xu-Pe hCp.-te.
Ai-byty7b- Kueh.4 imbue ai7pytyvC xu-Tie hCga-pe.
..- ..
,-he,:a Kuehe ambue'a-hej6. xu-pe h6ga-pe.
.r ,- :a.arx Kueh6.ambu6 a-na.arO xu-pe
o
h6ga-pe.
u Kuel-C6 ambu6 a-juhla xu-pe h6ga-pe.

translation

saw him downtown yesterday.

2. : will call him tonight at home.
We left him at the party last night.
Car:Ds will. them this week-end.
5. We wait.ed for him for three hours, but he didn't come.
o. I found him in a bar.

_model

Ikatd--ba xe-1-E.aro mi ? A-I-Mba Could you please wait for me,

ta sanyta-ite-ne:- I'll be ready in a moment.

transformation

A-I-mbg,ta sapyta-itg-pe Ikatcrna xe-27-a.arc mI ? ta

sapy'a-itg-ne.-

^o -I-mbg ta sanyta-ite-pe Ikatirpa ? ta

sany'a-ite-pe.

78. ?able. ta sapyta-ite- re-1*-15...aro ml Fla Paola -ne.

ta sapy'a-itgpe.
 3g3

substitution.

Xel-a.aro mi ,Ikatu-Da xe-1.a.aro mi saDy'a-itg ?

Ore-;a.aro Ikatia-Da ore-T7-a.aro ml sapy'a-ite ?

Xe-27-endu mi Ikatupa.xe-/-endu mi se:Dy'a-ite ?

Xe-Dytyv3 mi Ikeitia-pa xe-pytyva n sapy'a-it6'?

Cre-endu mi Ikatia-Da ore-.;endu ml saDy'a-i:te ?

Ore-ytyv3 Ikati:1-Da ore-pytyv3 misaDy'a-ite ?

Pe-:.:151.aro mi don Angelo-pe Ikatia-Da.pe-C..a:aro mi don Angelo-pe saDy'a-

ite ?

Pei-pytyv8 ni Juan-pe Ikatil-papei-pytyvO mi Juan-De salpy'a-ite?

model

Don Silverio Dende-Dytyv3 saDy'a- Don Silveri helps you every once
PY'L in a while.

substitution

Oi-pytyv3 'Don 'Silverio.pende7pytyV8 sapy'a-Dy'g.

g-Sekg. Don Silverio Dende--r-eka saDy'a-Dy'g.

0-1°ienai. Don Silverio pende-.;en8i saDyla-pyig.

Don Silverio pende-rexg sapy'a-Dy'g.

model

14ava-Da nde-Dytyvo- ta ka'api-pe ? Who is going to helpyou with

the hoeing ?

substitution

Maya-pa xe-pytyva ta ka'aDf-De

;Ndg-ve Mara-Da nde-pytyvo ta ka'apf-pe ?
model .

Juan ore7pytyv5 ta ko semPna-pa John will help us this week-end..

hg-re

substitution

Ko senana-ta hg-ne Juan ore-tytyv8 ta ko semana-pa hg-ne..

Ho mes-na hg-1;e Juan ore-nytyvo ta ko mes-pa hg-pe.

Ko aHo-na hg-pe Juan ore-rytyvo ta ko afo-ra hg-pe.

Ko'ero Juan ore nytyva ta kotero.

Juan ore-nytyvo ta ko semana va-se.

Ko semana

Ko mes o-6 va-pe Juan ore pytyv5 ta ko mes o-u va-pe

'patterned resnmse

1 Juan ore-pytyv5 ta ko semana-pa hg-pe. Ha pee-me ?

Juan ore-nytyvo ta ko semana-pa hg-ne.

2. Ha nde-ve?
Juan xg-n:Vtyvo ta ko semana-n.. hg-pe.

3. Ha ?

4. Ha aande-ve ?

; Ha org-ve ?

o. Ha lxu-pe ?

T. Ha Don Porfirio--pe?
 85-
i.-.

P,-e-me Mavi..
ytyvO ta ka'ap.-pe ?
Ore-ve ,
Mave-pa ,v5 ta kataDI-De ?
I7ande-ve Mava-D ..-7,:a
tY'VO ta ka'ap;'--De ?,
Xu-pe Mava"Da oi- / d
c5' ta xu---pe ka'aDi-De ?
Pedro-De Mava7Da oi-pyL_ .5 ta Pedro-De ka4aDf-De ?

patterned response

.1. Mava-Da n4epytyvb ta kataDf-De ?

Nd-ai-kuag-pora-i. Don Porni.rio ke-Dytyv5 ko kuehe.

Mava-pa xe^pytyv5 ta ka!apipe ?

3. Mava-Da pende^pytyv5 ta ka'aripe ?

4. /
Mdva-pa oi7pytyv5 ta Juan-pe ka'aDi-De
t

5. Mava-Da fiandc-pytyvo ta ka'apf-pe

Mava-pa oi-Dytyv5 ta,xu-De 'ka';.pf-pe ?

Cycle 3

Model

Xe-Vr he-if xe-ve xe-;-enoi ta hg My mother told,me that she

ko semane.-ra hg-pe.
would call me this week -end.

transformation - substitution

Nde-sY 'Xe-sl xeq-enoi ta ha ko

semana-pa hg-De.

xu-pe o-fienai ta hg xu -pe

ko semana'-pa hg-De.

Pende-s:f.
Ore--Qijr he-'1 ore-ve ore^ltenai,ta hg
ko.semana-:pa hg-pe.
 Pende-s5: pee--me bende^;enoi ta, he.
-
ko semana-pa

kue'ra xu -pe kuera ,o-henai ta hg.

kuera
xu-pe ku6ra ko semana -pa

batterned resnons'e

:tba"6-pa he-'1 nde-ve .

nde-sS? .
..

Xe-s2.:' he-' I
xe-ve xe renOi ta ha pe 5e7ana o-u va ,ne.

2 Yloa'e-pa he -'1 pe&-me bende-S ?,

3.
fiande-4'?

::bale-pa ore-ve ore-sS' ?

'ba'e-pa xu -oe iLs2 ?

model

It's been a long time since he

Are ma hase nd-o-u-ve-i hague-
came to visit, us.
ore-andu.
1

patterned response

Mba'e-pa neikuag. don Pedro gui?

Mba'e-ve, nde. Are ma ha'e ni-o-u-ve-i.hague ore-andii.

Mba'e-pa ei-kuag. don Pedro gui.

Mba'e-ve, nde. Are ma ha'e nd-o-u-ve-i hagug xe-andu.

dialog

IC-Ova ningo Ricardo Jones, peter Cuerpo de Paz-pe gu(

A.
vo1untario o-mba.ap6 va ore-ndj.vg.

3. Xe-row roincuag VQ.

t.
 =72
7
ti
"2.,:erpo de Faz--.:e nova ningo Ricardo Jones, peter Cuerpo
gua Paz-pe-gug voluntario.

Peter xe-amigo KOva ningo Ricardo Jones, petei xe-amigo.

Cuerpo de Paz director nova ningo Ricardo Jones, Cuerpo de Paz

director.

Agente de .:,xtensi6n KOva ningo Ricardo Jones, Agente de ExtensiOn

Agricola Agricola.

dialog

A. Ko'ava ?lingo ore-amigo 'Ic.1J.era Cuerpo, de Paz-pe gug, Jaime..

Williams ha ;iembireko Maria.

B. Xe-rory. poi-kuag va:

activity

a. Each of the volunteers must present the person next to him to someone,
mentioning briefly something about the person he presents.

b.: Each one in the class must present two or more people to someone with
-
appropriate comments.

Model

Poi-pytyvor;.sg, pero a-hg I should like to help you-all,

va.era a-ASa.apC. .
but I have to go to work right..
now.

transformation - substitution

Re-h6 va.era re-mba.az6 Poi-pytyvo7se, pero aga-itg a-ha va.era

a-mba.api5.

Re va.era clase-'oe Poi-pyt;:rvo-sg, pero Ege:-it6 a-ha va.era

clase-pe.

fl
Re-st7.:dia va.erd. 9L43-,te a-studig,

model

Ika7Z:7.a re.} -L' ore-Dy-,:,yva ? Can you.2ome help us ?.

tatterned restcnse

ore-Dy-,yvo ?
n
pe_ - n -_a va.era

2 _ x1.1-p6.

3. Ika7/i-pa

Ikat(1--Da ore-p:. 'c,yv5 ?

5:, Ikat-ta xe--ty-Lyvb" ?

conversion change sub;]ect todirect object and vice versa)

de Xe-tytyv-O' saty'a-py'g.
Xe Roi:'pytyvo saty'aLpy'L

2. Pee 0-ne-tytyvo saty'a-py'g.

Or Pende-mrtyvo sapyra-py'el. O

3: Ha'e- Xe rexa
Xe .. -hexes xu -re saty'a-py'g.

Xe Ro-hexa-na-ite kurl.

5. Pedro Hande-mbo'e-se la pelota re.

4. Ore ro-hZ.aro'ta ko'ero cafeteria -pe.

C4

Pee xe renai va.ere. te-h6

Carlos nde-kuae..-tora.

Po-heja to saty'a mi.

Ajg.'T. Ma rdhenai hague.

12.
 tenas cue or a visitarie a un amigo tuyo
auien hace rato te esta esperando
casi_ y tu queras irte sero tuviste cue esPerar a otro voluntario.mientras
61 se :;reparaba para salir. Ahora niches cue explicarle
a su amigo cue pas.
Amigo. iace rat° cue te estoy esnerando, aue Dash

re- va.era kuri re-ñand o petel ne-amigo-re las ocho guar:, nero re-h6
las ,:iez re-hat ar5 gui otro voluntario-pe
ko'a&a ndg er-e
,..va.era la ne-amigo-ne mbaeg-na la c-jehu va ndgve.

Amigo: Nde-rej-ia va.era--i-pa las ocho ra.e?

nero

Cycle L

model

ta po-Handu vo este dig gui We'll come to visit you (see ow

cui-nce-ne.
you are-) two weeks from today.

substitution

;..ste dig gui cuince-pe ROj-U ta po-flandia vo este dig cui

cuince-ne.

bone dig gui ocho-pe ta po-Handia vo este dig gui

ocho-pe.

.'37tadogui ocho-pe Roj-5.-ta no-riandU vo sgbado gui ocho-pe.

semana-pa ha-ne ta oand vo ko semana-pa

model

Araka'6-na ta o:re-andu ml ? When will .you-all come to visit us?

appropriate response

Arakal.4pa ta-ore-andu mi
2. Arakate-pa pej-u to xe-andu
3. Araka'6-pa ta_xe-andu mi
4. Araka'.5-pa ta ore-andu _.ii
5. Araka"6-pa od ta Don Porfirio ore-andu ? i

o. Arakale-pa o ta Don Porfirio xe an .0 mi ?

Cycle 5

dialog

A. Nde-gusta-pa la ? Do you like the food ?

B. Hee, xe-gusta-itere5.:. Yes, I like it very much.

appropriate resmonse

1. Nde-gusta -pa ko ore -seta ?

Pee -me -pa pende-gusta ko ore-reta aveT. ?
3. Mba'6.'pa a-porandia pee-me ra.e ?
4. Ha mbaie ixa pa Me-contesta va.era ra.e ?

dialog

A. Rei-potairo, ikati ro-mboi6 la If you like, I can teach you

guarani re. / Guarani.

ai-rota xe mbo e. Fine,'I'd like you to teach me.

B. CI Dora
 traftslation
: .

i. If you-all want, I can teach ycu English.

2. Fi- we would 'like you to tPach,,,:s.
3. If you-all 'want, we c. teach yr,. Guarani.
Fine, we would like you-all to t.each us.
yoU(sg;) want, we can t'each you Spanish.
c. Fine, 1 would like you to teach me.

Cycle 6

_;de-re-studia ro, nde-re- If.you don't study, you w.on't

aprende cord mo'7.-i la lecci6n. le\arn the lesson' wall.

THE STUDENT: 'If' it the present and future tenses may be rendered by
ranc (generally shortened to r8). Examples:

0-d ta rarno, a-hg. ta. If he will come, I will go.

0-d ta a-hg. ta.

r8, a-pytg. ta. 1 If you leave, I will stay.

ramo, a-pyt,a ta.

transformation (change to negative).

Re-studia rb, re-aprende Dora ta la .eccion.

,

Nde-re-studia-i ro, nde-re-aprende pord mo'L'i la lecel5n..

2 Re-poi ro pz. gui, ,a ore su u.

rS De jagu gui, nd-:katd mo'L-i

Re-sapukgi r8 va nde-l'endu ta.

:
 pya' ikatd ta hEra-pe.

- as .cinco guar'.
Jr- zvtyva" rJ, jai-ko-p& ta
.

Pei-kcn& ra la cinco guara, 48.-h& ta jeroky h&-ne.

Nd-ai-kuaa 0-ho ne la seis runi. I don't know. He will

probably go about 6:00.

Ne indicates :nybothetical (probable or poSs'b7c,) futur.

Examples:
ta o-n5. He will be able tC go.
Ikatd ne c-hd. H- w'77 probably be able to go.

catterned response

1 0-ha ta o-mba.at6 on Pule este di& ?

Ndai-kua&i.-0-he'ne is seis rupi.

2 Pe cen& voi.ta-pa ko pyhare ?

Ro-cents ne la seis runi.

J. Re-h6 ta-pa re-:mba.an6 vo ?

tea' e _.era to ja-terereha(Thaa ko'"e'ro ?

5. h5ra ikatd ta -F-Ia-Henyra ko'"ero ?

model

Re-haihd ro peter naraguaya-pe-pa If you were to fall in love with

re-mend& ne -hese ? a Paraguayan girl, would you
marry her

TO THE ETU NT: The hypothetical future is also used stmew hat like the
conditional"tense in Spanish or the ':;soIld nius
English.

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 A. R -aco-pg. ne-pa ko'dro guard la nde-rembiap6?.
o

P. A,,tato-cg ne, sair ma o-faltg xg-ve.

A. Mpg ixa rO-ca ja-hg ne la partido hE-pe _,hare?

3 Sa-ha ta katu-etg.

attrotraiate resconse

Fe-mb.a.ap6 ne pa pyharekuere-topes r8 travajo?

Josg-ca c -he ne o-study g hagud Africa-pe?
p4 -u -e
, p- ara ?ore. ro 1%o7 e- ro.
i-kua3 neca hg ko'g-te?
Re-u ne-ca tapit. :"..o15?
Aj-as6 ne-pa la ikatii ma guivg?
Pe-hejg ne-pa ape trabajo ce-gana-vg ta rO?

sentences fc~ study (ne)

Lo harras se te--21c1 dijera?

_j-atE ne -pa ha-ig ra ndg -ve?
Harra lo cue lo dijera?
ne ca la ha-'g va xu-pg?
Lo comerra Ud. tambign?
ne -tea ndg aver?

17e harrarlas en Paraguay?

Pe-vytg. ne-pa Paragugi-ce?
'Que. harras si fueras a Paraguay?
ne re-h6 ro
Paragugi-ne?
Que harlas si tuvieras un millon
rej-ac6 ne regue-rekO r8
de dolares?
.00C.00C e dolares?
model

e -11.6 oyharekue r la Would you go if the meeting

reunion ? were at night ?

resnohse

rej-ap6 ne :

Oi-k6 r6 nde-he,:ui ?residente de la Repalica.

.
2. _;de -nlata :eta r3.

F-e-noha= ro loterfa la Grande.

r Deter" ,2[1gui

ec ro nda rei-kua6.-. moo gui o-je-guer(a la

.

ro :"'.de -kas5 rev'. gente apyt6-ne.

.

7 ::de -s' f'. r6

conversion (change to future tense)

nena rei-pytyv6 haguE

na reipytyvo nagua xu -oe ?

:;ie-nuloL ;;aa nde-remcireKo re -ne e rat ro nPs..

7
?

pa re,;-ap6 ne la nde-;-6ga r ?

Pe-mba.ano na are aj5. upe-ne ?

Ogue-rl'i'ne-Da 1-tajyra la jeroky ?

ontL ne ij-a6 ?

?e -::,o vv ne-pa ko ar.) tujaku6 ?

model

Oi-k5 ra cine, o-u ne-ba nde-ru If there is a movie, will your

aver ? father come, too ?

model

Ozpytg. pra-v6 ne xg-ve It would be better for me if

ra la reuni6n hOra. we change the meeting time.

substitutico

0-tyt nora-v6 me x6-ve :1a-cambia ro la reumi5m herd.

3-rvta tora-ve me xe-ve Ha-cambig. ro la reuniOn rendL

tora-vg me ::e -ve 11a-cambi5. r"C la reunion "eira.

model

0--cyt5. pora-v6 ne-pa ndg-7Fe Ha- Would_it be better f you if

cambi6. ro la reunion Ora ? we change the meetir. time ?

00

yodel

A-hg. ta oyharekue ro la reunion. I will-go if the meeting is

at night.

subs-titution

A-h61 ta byharekue ro la reunion.

ta s'ibadokue ro la reunion.

ta pyharevkue rc:5 la reuni5n.

ta ka'arukue ro la reunion.
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integration

Pete! coche ha ,1,a xe-re15.

Carlos o-meY6 ro xg-ve petei-coche, xe a-me'e ta xu-re la xe-re16.

Peter kuatig tia la xe-lgpis.

Ndg re-me'e r xg-ve peter kuatig xe" a-mete ta ndg-ve la xe-igpis.

3. Pete: ,je.ug ha la -Mbarakajg.

Xe a-me'e ra xu-Pe peter -jagug ha'g o-mete ta xg-ve la mbarakajg.

model

If you give me a pencil, :' ive

e-m?'e ra xg-ve peter lgpis,.
25 a-me'e ne'ndg-ve peter kuatig. you_a (piece of) paper.

A-mete ra- ndg-ve peter lgpis, If I give you a pencil, what

mbatg-pa nde re-me' e ta xg-dre ? will you give me

model

01-ko rc cine, ne If there were a movie, mti father

would cone, too..

substitution

*-ke5 cine.
ko ro cine, ne xe-hermano avei.

Ikatu of -k6 cartido.

Ikat'd of -k6 7je-karia.

IkatC1 of -k6 jerck:7.

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Ai-kuag nde-re-ho-i hagug la I know that you didn't go to

'reuni:7n. the meeting.

patterned response

Ye nd-a-hg-i kurt la reunion hg-pe.

nde-re-ho-i hagug reunion'hg-pe

2. Nd-aj-d-i kurl Nueva York gui.

Ai-kuag hage Nueva York gui.

=. NO-a-F:angareko porri kuri- is ;apitT. re:

NO-o-mbopotIri kurl la

restatement and alertness check

T; Nd-a-hg-i kurl la reunion'hg-pe.

S. Ai-uaa nde-re-ho-i hagug la reunion hg-pe.
T. ha'6?
S. Oi-kuth nde-re-ho-i hague, he-'i.

NO-aj-C1 kurl Nueva York rubi.

did-a-Fiangareko pora-i la 1-*.apiti re.

o

M. Nda-mbopotI-ri la xe-kotS7.

model

-gradece nde-ve xe-nytyva hagugre. . I thank you for helping me.

I thank you forhaving helped me.

TO Ti E STUDENT: Hague is composed of hague plus the post-position rehe.

Notice that it means loth for VERB-ing' and 'for having VERB-ed'.

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 cycle y

mode.:

0-Hepyru'vo o-He'e of -kg Juan. As he began to talk, John

entered,

:0 THE J: ENT: vo is used to express simultaneity of action.

i^ egration .C5

A-Hepyra vi -kg Juan.

A-Flepyra vo of -kg Juan. .

2. Dr.Hembo'y. Oi-nuoa xu-pg.

kotg-oe. A-hexg. xu-pg.

0-Eepyra o-k.

0-huo`. la Y. 0-s6 la plola.

o. C-purahei. 0-Hebyra o-se- la gente.

model

Ybae bao-jehd xu-be o-guejg vo? what; happened to him as he

got /down?

substitution

o-guajg Mba'e-ba c7jehil xu-pg o-guejg vo?

Ha'g o -se 0-guatg. Mba'g-pa xu-pg o-se vo o-guatg?
-;Ha'g o-guahE Mba'-gpa o-jehrl xu-pg'b-g,lahe vo?
Ha 'g o-hasg o-jehil xu-oe o-hasg vo?
Ha'g o-u na'g'-pa o-jehu xu-pg o-15.
 07

model

Juan o-ourahL o-hO vo calle John was going own the street
singing.

oatternea resoonsf:

Z'o 9e mita calle re.

mita o-D'..._ ahi o -h vo oalie re.
Pe mita o-1.1
Pe mita o-tarah.L. o-ta vo clase-oe.
Pe-mita of -k5 calle re.

Fe m4t2 c-7ustrc!. oi-k5 vo saoat'L 2 hat goesl around shining

oattenred resconse.

-ale re.
Pe -mita o-mOa.al. ci-k5 vo calle re.
Pe mitFd o-lustr5. sai:atd.
Pe o-lustra vo sapatia.

model

cj7aC o:-k6 mita? What is that kid going around

doing?
 0/-7/
L/
.

translation

As he _came in, I was leaving.

2. When he left, I was /studying.
3. When i,saw him, I ran.
That little boy goes around shining shoes.
Voy aprendiendo a hablar Guarani.
He is coming down tfie street singing.
When he left,- I was getting dressed.
I saw him as he passed.

Cycle 10

model

A-ha ku6.-vo nde-roga-be ha-'a On the way to your house I almost

mo'a fell in the mud.

TO THE STUI;ENT: moig. refers to an action ,that was about to or intended. to

habben, but didn't.

substitution

I. A-ha kue vo nde4.-6ga-me ha-'a mo'a

2. A-ha ku6 vo upe .centro-pe ha-'a mo'a

3. A-hakt:Li vo ubel:jeroky hl-pe ha-'a mo'a

model

o-jenu nde-ve rej-u What napDened to you on the

kue vo xe-yoga -be ? way to my house ?

r
 ///c

model

Ho-h5 mo' ande--a-ne zero We were going to go to your

house, but it rained.

substitution

0-ky F,o-h5 mo'a.nde-it6ga-e nero

O-u xe-ti. Ro-n5 mo'a nde-ItOga-z n-ro o-41 xe-ti6.

0,
Ore-gan5, la camiA F,o-ho mo'a nde-roga7ne zero ore gana- la camlon.

0-fe-mbya T. la ore-cache Ro-hC mo'a nde-roga-ze pero o-Fle-mbyaf la ore-coche.

0
nasy, mc'a nde-it5ga-ne zero as xe-rembirek6.

ore-neguf no' nde--6ga-ze nero o-ke21-, o,-e-heguf la.

la nde-direccin. nde-direoc:i5n.

model

A-guejf7 mo'a ze escuina-ne pen: was going to get of at the

no.10-n,rtg.-i la cami-A. corner, but the bus didn't ston.

substitution

scuina A-guej:2 m&IE, escuina-ze Pero nd-o-pytf-i la camiOn.

Coronel Oviedo To'a Corone_:. ....._edo-ne zero nd-o-nvte7'i

la camicn.

Centro A-gue,jy mola centro-pe : nero nd-o-zyt6.-i la cami5n.

answer using mora

re-za.nde-reira.e angZ pynar6 ?

Y,ba'ti4 gui-pa ndere-h5-i ra.-1; cy-rok.,

Y.ba'e guiza nde-re-Eue ,:y-r pe escuina-De

 :.'fba'I6 -re-pa nda-pej-ii-i ra. ore-visit5. vo ?
4
. Mba' re pa ra. 'ciase-re.nde-rembireke ?

6. Mba'6-pa ra. rid6-ve rej-1-1 ku6 vo ?

7 Mba'e gui-ra nde-re-guejy-i ra. centro-re ?

b. Mba' re-pa nde-re-rambosg.-i mboyv6 ?

re-ra nde-re-fe-hendyva'6-i ra. ko pyhare-vel

Cycle 11

TC THE STUDEIT:

0-h6 hen,dive he goes.. with him..

-0-he ofla-ndiv::: They go with each other

The reciprocal with ndi is formed by adding orlo-ndive after the ver'b for
all persons.

model

JaTha, oflo-ndive hde-gusta ha era. Let's go together at whatever

time you like.

surstitut'on

iide-gusta h Ora. ono-ndiv;: nCe-gusta ha Cra.

oilo-ndlve re-hc-s6 nte.
he-ho-s vov:4 nte.
Ja-he, re-ho-se hg.-re.
Ja-n oi:o-ndive oi-me

ThJ
 L/t7

transformation

1. 0-guahe hikugi jeroky hendiv& .7,Ynar6

0-guahe jero'ky ng-ne oEo-ndiv-6 ane n-iharg.

ja-hg hendive re-ho---se vovg nte.

Ja-A oHo-ndivg re-ho-sg, vove nte

Pej-1'5. xe-a-ne hendive s-:

ta hendive kc semana-na

Arema Ha-mba.alpo hagug hendivL

Araka' :a nei-kc nendiv.

Hiia x6-ve o-nemon&ta-s6 hendiv6.

rc-ilemongetg hendivg ha 'ii la

va.ekup.

hendiv6 kote" giiv '-ti

A-je-kuag., (xe-u-n6:

7 4 *

,nce-,-ju-ne) Pe-je-kuag. (nendo-ju-n)*

 You have had the reflexive formed by adding the prefix
:HE ,511:2E::::
is also an optional postoositional phrase which can be added after
:he verb. These optional postpositional phrases are very rarely used. As
a matter of fact, the forms marked by the * are only theoretical,
:hey are so rarely used that most informants confuse them.

F.e=haihS va.era nde-rapixg-pe You should love your _eighbor

hgixa (nde-ju-p6). as yourself.

substitution

ndg A-haiha va.era xe-17-apixg-pe a-je-

haihu hgixa (xe-ju-pe).-.

xg Re-haiha va.era ndeitapixg-pe re-je-

haihu hgixa (nde-ju-p6).

va.era Lnixg-pe o-je-haihu

hgixa (i-ju-pe).

xe-je-hg Ro-Pukg ore-je-he*.

Ja-pukg Hande-je-hg*

Re-pukg nde-je-he Pe-pukg pende7je-hg*

0-pukg i-je-he

TO 2HE STUDENT: The reflexive form of'rehe is the possessive r.1..:s

The forms with the asterisk,*, are theoretical.
model

Ha' g oj-au 6 la chiste pero hate He tells a joke and then is the
jev:i nte o-jerg o-pu:kg. i-je-hg. only one who laughs at it.
(Lit. Turns around and laughs
at n'mse7f.)

transformation

ha' e Ha' oj-ap5 la chiste pero ha'g

jev:7 nte o-jerg o-pukg i-je-hg.

xe. :;dg rej-ap6 la chiste Pero nde

jev nte re-ere re-Pukg nde-
,s.

nci6 Xe aj-ap6 la chiste Pero xe jev-S7

nte a-jere a-puke xe-je-he.

model

Are ma nd-a-pena-i xe-je-hg. : quit taking care of myself

Tekotev a-hg. a-jogug xe-a6 ouite a while I.-go. I need to
ra mi. buy me some clothes.

patterned response

T.,fkotev a-hg a-:n gug xe-a6 Are ma ndere-Pena-i nde- -ne:

ra mi.

Tekot-eve re-h6 rejogug nde-a6 Are ma nd-a-pena-i xe-je-hg.

ra

Tekotev-e o-h6 -o-jogug ij-a6 Are ma nd-o-pena-i i-je-he.

-
ra ml.
 7%D

Morpa re-consegul ra.e pe 2-5 Where did you get the dress
re-reke va nde-je-he? you have on?

substit_iticn
Moo-pa re-consegul ra.e pe a6
re-rek5 va :;Cie-je,h6?

Morpa re-consegui ra.e pe sgi

re-rek6 va nde-,;e-he?

Moo-pa re-cons gui ra.e pe

pe aso
kaso re-rek5 -a nde -j -h4.

patterned response
Moo-pa o- cor:segui ra.e pe
cmbre-o
sombrero kapi'i ogue-rekO va
in -aka re.

Morpa o-conseguf ra.e pe sapatfl

pe sapatIl.
ogue-rekO va re.

2C. H7.' STUDENT:

i-mandu'g xe-rehg He remembers me.

They remember each other.

i-man du'g ojue-he.

The reciprocal of rehg for all persons is formed by adding o4ue-he after
. the verb.

model *

ojue-hg They always go around gossiping

Tapig me o-he'e
-
about each other.
oi-k6 vo.
 L //7

substitution

kugra Tanig.-nte o-Fle'e" vaf ojue-he

of -k6 vo.

TaDi-nte F.a-f-leTe vaf cjue-he

jal -ko vo.

or6 Taoig.-nte ro-F-leT&" vaf ojue-he

roi-k6 vo.

p eg Tapia -nte pe-He'e va.5. ojue-he

rei -k6 vo.

transformation

Umi kuHa-karal c- hese. Umf'kuHa-karal ojue-he.

Umfnovic porn hese. Umf nOvio o -mana Dora cjue-he.

hermano i-mandu'e. Dora/hese. lime. hermano i-mandu'e porn ojue-he.

Umf mita': e
Dora hese. Umi mita'i o-i-Iangareko Dora
cjue:=he.

Cycle 13

model)

E-moi caserol'e.--pe asuce., harina, Put sugar, flour, and salt in

ha juL ha e-mbojehe'a-pa cjue-he. bou-1 and mix them together.
 asuca, -; caserol-2e asp E, haxina,
ha ha e-mbojehe'-ra: o-jue-he.

Lechui:a, tomate ha aceiga. lechuga, tomate ha-acelga,

ha e-...toehe'a-rA. oju-h6.

ppg ryguasu rub:LT.61, koraty, rye ryguasu rubi'&karaty,.

fIar.-":1 na --raboj,,he'a-7:.a clue -ne.
ha .

TS 253 =ENT: The reciprocal of the ,zui is formed by adding ojue-Eelr

after the verb for all Persons.

flas-be ;:esarL:i ojue-hegu.,. Lucas After a long time Luke and Mary
ha Mar"a. forgot each other.

substitution
nas:/-pe nesarg.d ojue-5e gl,;.1 Lucas
Lucas ha Mar-1:a.
ha Mar"a.

ZG na Lorenz.:.
nasy7pe gentle -resarL ojue-sewi
nd ha Lorenzo.

Nde ha Romn )as /-ve ore-re arL. ojue-hegur

11 x ha as

flas,17-pe ?iande-i7-esargi ojue-heEuf

:dg ha X
nde ha xg.
substitution

ore-resargi Are ma ore-resa7a_: hc.6 e ojue-hegui. ,

Are ma ro-key hague oclue-hegui.

f.)-Xyhyj Are ma ro-kyhyje hague ojue-hegu(.

Ndo-roi-kuaa-ve-i mba ' ,I.r6 ma ndoroi-kuaa-vei hague

mba'eve ojue-heguf.

model

Ro-1 mombyry ro jepe ojue-heguf, Even though we are far apart

ore-mandu'g ojue-he. we remember each other.

integration

.O-I mombyrfl- Ro-i mombyry ro jepe ojue-hegui.,

Ore-mandu'g ojue-he. ore-mandu'g ojue-h.

31-kg agui oje-heguf. Oi-kg agu: ro jeoe cjue-hegui,

0-He'e vaf cjue-h,=. ojue-he:

,model

xe-heguf la xe-rosa ha !:.ly rose dried up (on me) and I,

a-rregg ,jeoe ko cada dig. eve:. watered it every day.

TO THE STUDENT: fete without an accent is often translated 'even'.

integration

i-piru xe-hegui la xe-rosa. A-rregg xe-heguf la xe-rosa ha

cada dig. a-rregg jepe ko cada dig.

A-henoi cu-pe. Nd-o-pena-i A-henOi jepe xu-pe ha hd-o-pena-i

xe-rehe. xe-rehe.
 41/.5-

translation

1. Even you-came too?

2. Ever. if he comes, I won't go.
3. Even though he arrived early the store was clOsed.
Even if he heard you, he wouldn't come.
5. Even though he called me I didn't go.
6. Even if it were possible, he wouldn't come.
77--....Even if he begins early he won't finish by tomorrow.
8 Even though he brought it, I didn't use it.

CvelP 14

model.

on Pule py'i-nte o-h6 va "Mon Pule suele it

a Asunci6n.
paragua-pe. Don Pule goes to Asuncion a lot.

TO THE STUDENT:
That man that goes.
Pe karat. o-ho va.
That man goes a lot.

ti
Va is used for expressing habitual action as well as to form nominals.

patterned response

.... Don Pule o-ho sapyra-py'ZParagual'-pe.

Don Pule PyVi-nte o-h6 va Paraguay -pe.

2. I-menk,o-kariu sapy'a-pyra..
I-menaJpy'Yi-nte 0-ka'd va.
. . .
Na Nilda memby ogue -r' sapy'a-py'a y
poso gui.

4. Juancito c-t1 sapy'a-py'a ore-pytyva vo.

.

5. Juan ha Silvio o-purahei en chi° sapy'a-py'a.

c. sapy'aLpy'a o-nu'a as cuatro rupi.

---eyr
.2f:c sapyra-py'a.

Ai-k6 ramc uare ConcenciOri-pe When : lived in Concepti6n, .

Jancito miva xeand vo. Juancito used to come to visit
me regularly. (Soll'a Venir)

C-h6 va He goes a lot (suele ir).

.

C-h6 =1
.?..
He used to go a lot (sol!..e. ir).

0-h miva J

in Spanish. Used
Mi wittout an accent means 'used to .or better
in this se:se ml usually occurs with va.

substitu.tion

Ai-k6 ramo guar e Concepci6n-be. AitkO,ramo guar 6 ConcepciOn-be

hale o-d miva xe-and5 vo

A-studi5. ramo guar e Unversidad-pe.

Xe -mita ramo guar.

O i-k6 ramo guar6 mboruvixa ramo.

A-mba.ap5 ramo guar oke=pe.

Xe-.7-as:1 ramo guar.

 .III VA

1. Mba'e-na-rej-anOmiva domino kue?

2. Mo3-na re-karla mia rei-kO r3 guare ConcenciOn-ne?
3. 0-U va nioloberto nde-visita vo?.'
4. Mo3-pa re-huge miva la pelota?
5. Mava-ma o-nurahei miva en dUt sany'a-ny'a?
o. Mba'e-na he-"1 miva nde-ve nde-ru?
7. ava-pa o-U ko clase -;e?
8. Mba'e ora-na ria.F.enyrir miva la clase?
9, Mba'e-na rej-ap6 mia rei-ko guare Norteamerica-pe?
10. Nde-pa re-ha va misa he-ne cadaodomingo?
11. Re-He'e miva7pa karai -Se' nde-roga-ne?
12, Re-hE5 va-pa centro-ne? -

13. Marna ne-hiS va,cine h5.71-)e?

14. Mba'e-za va pende-roga-ne nej-U mboyve?
15.' va ne-kard mboyve?

'0ycle 15

model

Don Porfirio o-naga'i-se, ha Don Porfirio auiere nagar porn

up6a re nd-a-mba.ano-se-i'hendive. y por eso no auiero trabajar
con el.

TO THE STUDENT: The Guarani 'VERB plus 'i' is best translate by the
Spanish 'VERB plus pocc'.
.,:utstitution

3 -Daga on Porfirio o-zagaci-se, ha

ups.a re nd-a-mba.amo-se -i

Don Porfirio xe-mbongaru'i-s4, ha

yea re nd-a-mba.apo-se-i hendive:,

xe-Mtcmta.ap Don Porfirioxe,-mbomba.apo'i-se, ha

uDea re nd-a-mba.apo-se-ihendive:

0-pytu'C: Don Porfirio o-Dytu'u'i-s6', ha

urea re nd-a-mba.apo-se-i he'ndiv6..

.7 C .

jagug.ra'g puppy
jagua'r little dog

With nouns 'i usually refers to size while rat is used only with living
things and is used to indicate youth.

patterned response

0-jogu?_ a.ekue peter zavajutr.. 0-jogug-va.ekue hikugi peter

cavaju raig.

Re- hexes -Pa pe kure'!: of -k6 va hl-na Re- hexes -pa pe kure ra' oi-k4
nrde-korapg-pe. va hIna nde-korapg-pe?-

Aje=pa i-kyra-ite De vaca'1.

Aj.T.-Da i-FlarE5 pe jaguati.

substitution

avati 0-:kakuaa pora-it4pa umr avatl

ra'g!

ryguasil C-kakuA porn-it4-ta.umi ryguasil ra'f;:!

naranja 0-kakuaa porgy.-it`^pa naranja

ra y.
1

0-kakuaa pork-ite^pa yvyra.

_Tryra mata
rrita ra'g!

0-kakuag Dora-ite^Da umI k7ire raf-r!

 translation

1 Are you taking good care of your

Re-^a~ :lreko-Dora-pa la nde-
little baby chickens? ryguasi, ra'y kuera re?
2 His little tomato plants are 0-kakuaa-pora tcmate ralf;.
growing well.

3. Whose little house is that? :diva

What a pretty little horse that i- pore- itepa _e cavajut.".1
is.

5. Isn't that a pretty little puppy? A3e-pa i-pore pe jaga

5. Where did you get those baby Moo -pa re-conseoZ ra.e uthrkure
Digs? ra'.

model

ko De vaca ra'. That calf is certainly small.'

TO THE STUDENT: mixi is a quality verb meaning 'to be little'.

substitution

vaca ra'r
Mixl-ete ko pe vaca.ra':7.
jagug
MixI-ete ko pe jagug
Oga
Mixi-ete ko pe Oga ra';.
livro
MixI-ete ko De livro ra'.

ncint and ask

Mava-pFl. la mix: ve kOVa-pa tera-Da peva?

2. Maya-pa la tuixa vg va, kOva-pa tera-pa peva?
3. Mava-pa la ij-yvate-ve va, kOva-pa tera-na peva?
Maya-pa la mbyky-ve va, k6va-pa tera-pa pvci?
5. Mava-Da la ipuku-ve va, k6va-Da teraTpa peva?
 4;20

substitution

Ajepa nix xe-rehg ko traje?

Aje-na rixi xe-reng ko camisa?
Aje-pa mix: xe-rehg ko sgi?
Aje-pa nix xe-rehg ko a6?
Aje-pa mixi xe-re hg ko somlon-ro?

Cyc'... 16

model

-me rae va. Anyone.

Di-me rae va mbate. Anything.
Of-me tg-ne. Anywhere,
Of-me hg hora. Any time.

_place and
TO THE STUDENT: Notice that of-me hg is used in reference to
time while of-mg rae va is used in referen-Oe to alp. else.

patterned response

1. Mba'g-pa ref-potg a-re. nag-- '01-me rae mba'e-nte.

2. Moo-pa rei-pots a-guang? 01-me hg-ne-rte .-
3. Mava-ne-pa rei-potg a-hen51? 01-me rae va-ne-nte.
Mba'g hora-pa rei-ootg a-hg 01-me hg hcra-nte.
nde-roga-pe?
). Mba±g-pa rei-potg a-jogug 01-me rae va mba''-nte.
ndg-ve?
6. Mba'g hora-pa rei-notg r0 -1 01-me hg hora-nte.
nde-pfgrf?
Moo-pa rei-potg a-mnI m Oi -m hg-re -nte.
Mava-pa-na rei-pots, Ci-me rae va- pe -nte.
chiog?

N f.i
 transformation

Er-g xu-Dg t-o-L Er-g.oi-me rah va-2e

2. Ha'g kurl" o-2o gug ne :e.'6 o -jogu ne haua
ha E xg-=e Peter mba'g. xg-ve oi-me rah WF
3. a-guapS,' a-guapY 5g- 2e?

4. a£ -atendg to nde-reh4 ko kalar;11 AH-atende ta nde-rehe ko ka'ar5.

las cuatro. cf.-me hg .cra.

Cycle. 17

Ja-hg mandi la Banco-2e o-He- let's go to the bank right-now

,
mbot mobyvg Hande-hegui. before it closes (on us).

TO THE STUDENT: The particle mandi occurs frequently

with imperatives.
It implies 'immediate or expedient action'.

Da terned response

1. Nd-ai-kUag-i la Banco-pa o-iie- Ja-hg mandi o -fe- of mboyve

mbotri- las cuatro tera-ma las tres? flande-hegu!..

2. Nd-ai -kuag-i la trenTha ta las Ja-na nand vg.

cuatro tera-na las tres?

3. Nd-ai-kuag-i c-ae-pyra te-pa la ja-hg mandi o-i-ae-rte mbovve.

cuatrotera-pa las tres:

4. Ndai-kuag-i la camion-Pa o-hasg Ja-hg mandi o7hasg. mboyvg.

las cuatro tgra-pa las tres?

5. Nd-ei-kuag-i la clase-pa c-pg. ta ja-hg mandi o-pg mboyve.

71as cuatro tgra-7:a las tres?
 Cycle la

ta-nte nd6-ve ko I will give this book to you

free:

::otice that rei is often translated 'free' meaning

ithc-- charge'.

nversion

ta ndi!'-ve ko livro. A-me' e re!: ta-nte nde-ve livro.

ta hd6-ve la xe-tractor. Ai-poruka re5. .a n' ride -ve 1
xe- tractor.
Aj-apC to ij-a6 ra.
Ho-mbote ta la guarani.
:.v C: ta ko mes k6va.
fai-tytyvTo. to xu-ne.

Rs-guap:,- kurl rc-::em ongetg. ro-Ina We were sitting there talking

na c-gug rei sapy16: la lus.
.

and the lights dust went out.

(For no apparent reason)

SIT:21\T: In some contexts rel means 'without apparent reason

-gue re].-nte sa7J'a . ..a lus. Ro-guapy kurt ro-nemongeta ro-

Ina ha o-gue refisacy'a la lus.

-:. re.-nte sary'a la Ro-guapy kur:. ro-KeT.ongetg. ro-,

-r,---.-.7_,
Ina ha o-disPara rel-nte sL1-,1''a
la xe-render.

re_ -nte sapy'ef la dke. Ro-guapy kurl ro-Hemongeta ro-

Ina ha p-fte-mobt3' re!.-nte saty'
la cke.
 L-pox:7 Jose.
Ro-guapy kuri ro-Hemongetg ro-
Ina ha i-poxY rei sapyose.
Xe7nupa
Ro-guapY'kuri ro-Remongetr. ro-
Ina ha xe-nupa rei
0-sapukgi
.Ro-guapY kurl ro-fiemongetg ro-
'7na ha o-sapukgi re!. sapy't

model

0 -ho rei ministro --]He went Uselessly,tosee the

corcue minister because they didn't
attend his._

TO THE STULE:;2: In some contexts re!.

means 'uselessly; futilely; without
accomplishing one's purpose'.

conversion

A-hg f,=.ndg-pe p:Jro nd-o-i ko re!, hendg-pe porque nd-o-

lyhare-7. ko pyhare-ve.

to p c ha'4

t,
p.ro r,77-mbg.

pero nd-o- ntend4-i.

W5 per:: nd-o-va_Le marE-re.

xu-pg: tero ha'g nd-oi-

kuaa-sg-i mbn'e-v5 Hande.rhegu".

imt6rta-i

.
re -:!:-._Caro-pe p-.ro ''
---: .-ende i pen-de-r.'-' 7.4::'72

-0 --
T--,
n,_..e-livro -3,-ro r.', -:.--Li u
poru mo 'a-i .
 Cycle 19

model

Upe ixa r5 manta jai-ko-pg ta That is the only way we will

ko ka'arfl.. finish this afternoon.
(Asi unicamente terminaremos
esta tarde.)

TO THE STUDENT: We have no single,word in English whose meaning and

functions are similar to that of mante. The Spanish 'Unicamente' often
serves as a good translation.

substitution
.

Upe, ixa ro Up ixa r5 mante jai-ko-pg ta

ko

3a-mba.apo pya.'4 ro Da-mba.ap6 pya'g r5 In:ante jai-

ko-pe ta ko ka'aril.

Ja-hg r5 Ja:-hg r8 kotaga-ite mante jai-ko-

pg!'ta ko ka'aria.

vol r5 fia-se vol 16 manta jai-k a ta

ko

:ia-guahe vol r5 ta-guahg voi r8 pant

ta ko ka'aria.

Da-Hepyra pya'g r5 Na-nepyra.pya'g ro` mante jai-ko-

pg ta ko

Don Luis nande-pytyv5 r5 Don Luis ei..ncile-pytyvo r8 mante

jai-ko-pg ta ko ka'aria.
Don Gonzales oi-puruka r5 Don Gonzales oi-purti46 r5 manta
Randg-ve la i-tractor jai-kc-pg ta ko
 Cycle 20

model

Hi'aja potg ma ko'a sandla Those watermelons are about

kugra. ripe.

TO THE STUD7' o-hO mo'E He is about to go.

o -he pots. He almost went (but didn't).

verb potg used as the second element in a compound signifies the

inent occurrence of theverb.

aDprooiate response (teacher holds up pictures .f:)

watermelon Hi'aja motg ma ko'E sandla.

orange potg ma ko'E. naranja.
banana Hi'aja pots ma ko'E. pakovg:-
cantelope Hi'aja potg ma kota mera.
fruit pots ma kota yvg.
grapefruit potg ma kote. greifo.

transformation

1. 0-ky motE ange pyhare. 0-k9' potg ma hina.

2. A-ha mota ro-visitg nde-It6ga- A-ha .potg ma a-Ina ro-visitg

peange pyhare. nde-rCga-pe.

3. A-h,.= mc'E. Paraguay -pe. A-ha potg ma a-Ina Paraguay-pe.

sentence build-up

1. Oi-me-ko a-Me'e-tabs.. It's that I give away all.

P. Oi-me-ko a-me'e-mba potg. It's that I'm about ready to

give away all.

a. Oi-me-ko a-mete-mbg po'La-ite It's,;that I'm just about to

xe-rymba ku4ra. gilXaway all my animals.

TO THE STUDENT: "o1-me-ko may be translated 'It's that ' or 'It happens
that '. (Spanish '.es cue ,)
AV,
 4'24

sentence build-up.
You take it out (lo sacas).
Re-nohe
You're about to take it out.
2. Re-nohe m'ootg.

Re-nohe mbotg mba'e? Is it that you're about to take

3.
it cut? (Acaso esters pars sacarlo)

Re-hohe mbotg mbafg-iko it that you're going around

about to take it out?
re'-k6 vo?

Re-none mbotg mba'g-iko rei-k6 Is it that yoU're going around .

about to take out some money?

vo plata?

Re-none mbotg mba'e-iko rei-k6 Is it that you're going around

6.
about to take some treasure from
vo plata yvyg4?
the. ground?

Spanish acaso which can be

TO THE STUDENT: mba'g is used much as the
rendered 'Is it the case that ?' or 'by any chance?'. Other examples
of its use:

E'a, ndg-piko nda-havg-i g rupi Say, you're not by any chance from
around here?
gug mba'6?
Did you by any chance leave your
'Re-heja mbalg-piko nde-rembi'd
food on the fire?
tatg-pP?
Are you going to buy a car, by
3. Re-jogugta mbaYg-piko
coche re? any chance?

By any chance do you want me to

Rei-pot5.piko ai-porudnd6.-ve
lend you money?
-lata mbalg?
finally
NOTE; Observe that mba'g in this sense can occur medially or
in the sentence.

model

Re--..ohe mbatg-iko vo plata yvygu:yr?

A.

B. Nahelniri, of -me-ko a-me'e-mbi pota-itg xe-1-ymba:kUgra.

 dialog

A. A-pytu'il-pot'a. ai-kO vo la I'M going to qUit my work (I'm

xe'-trabajo gui. fed up with it).-

B. Re-nohe robot' mbaTe-iko 7

Did you find a gold imne or
rei-k6 vo platys yvyg4? what?

A. Nahaniri, oi:me ko a-me'e-mbg. No, I'm about to sell all of

pota-ite xe-rymba. kuera. my animals.-

B. Cime ne re-me'e hepy pore Will you be selling (everything)

ta hIna? at a good price?

A. va gui-nte ningo a-me'e- That's why I'm selling every-

mbg. ta o-F:o-ndive pg.. A thing altogether (all at once).

B. Avy'a-ite x-amigo nde-ndive: I'm happy for you.

cle 21

model

Ha'4 va.era mo'd kurl xe- He would have come with me -

ndivg pero i ^-aka-nundd i-ko'e but he had a fever when he

vo. woke up.

TO THE. STU3E::T c-u va.era He should come

o-11 mo'a He almost came
fHe should have come
0-a va.era mote
He would have come

Notice that va.era mo'a means 'should have' or 'would have'.

substitution-

is -aka -Honda o-a va.era mo'a kur:::-xe-ndive pero

in -ake-nundia i-kove vo.
o-.1 ij-avuelo o-a vaoerd mo'a kurl xe-ndive pero
ij-avuelo.
o-sorO i-cas5 va.ere mo'a kuri xe-ndive pero
o-sorc5 i-case.
o-henaiukg. xu-pe. o-a va.ere mo'a kuri: xe-ndive pero
o-hen8iukg. xu-pe
 ei2

Cycle 22

zaradigm (negative of vowel-stem verb)

'say;. tel.;

TO THE STUDENT: Note than the 1st ,),_rson singular and 3rd person forms
simply dropthe h.

conversion (change to negative and vice versa)

ha-1e nd-a-'ei
ha-15 to mcoa-,
ha-'g vary ra e
ha-'4.ne nu a-

he-'T nu e-"i
he-11 ta mc'a-i
vara nd'e-'i varZ-i
he-'1 ne

er- nde-er-e-i
er-e ta nde-er-g mo'a-i
er-e \rata nde-er-g -ara-i
er-e ne nde-er-g-i xene
 442 9

di a10

A. Mbate-Ta he-'l ta Carlos?

B. Ha' nd-e-t mo'a-i mba'eve.

approPriate response

Mba'6-pa er-e ta ride?

.

2. Mba'e-ipa ha-'6 ta x4?

3. Mba'67pa he-'1 ta ha'?'
ETC.

i. Mba'e-pa ha-'e va.era?

2. Mba'rpa er-e va.era?
3. Mba'4-na va.era? F

Cycle '23

oaradigm (negative of vowel-stem verb)

(v. tr

nda-ja-'d-i
r-

nc1ere-' 1i

TO THE STUDE:iT: The 1st person singular and 3rd Person forms drop the h.
The others are regular.
model

Ha'e nd-e-'1-ri mba'eve. He doesn't say anything.

patterned response

Ha'e nd-e-'5.-nillba'eve. Ha nde?

le nd-a-'4"i mba'eve avel'. Ha xe?
;de nde-er-4-i mba'eve,avei.
(Ha pez? Ha ore? ETC.)

aio,

A. Mbale-pa he-' i Carlos?

Hare nd-e-'1:-ri mba'eve.

appropriate response

. Mba'5-pa he-'i Agustin?

2. Mba'e-pa nde er-e?
3. Mbale-pa xe ha-'6?

model

Ha'e nd-d-'1 mo'ri mba'eve. He won't say anything.

patterned response

Ha'e nd-e-'1 mo'a-i mba'eve. Ha_n-Ig?

ice nd-a-'e moia-i mba'eve avel. Ha xe?
..de nde-er-;_i mo'a-i mba'eve avei,
;Ha Ha ore? ETC.).-
 Cycle 24

model

rire, rei-kuaa va.era If you had studied, you would

mo'E la-lecciOn. have'known the material.

TO THE STUDENT: To suggest something contrary to what happened in the

past, English uses 'had' or 'would have' plus yhe past participle.. In
the corresponding contruction in Guarani; rine' is used following the verb.

transformation

Rei-kuaEl va.era mo'E la lecoiOn Restudig. tire, rei-kuaa va.era

pero mo'E 'la lecciOn.

o-a va.era mo'E kuri xe-ndive Nda-in-akE-nundu-i :ire i-ko'E

'pens in-akE-nundU i-ko'E vo. vo o-1.1 va.era mo'E.

6-a va.era mo'a xe-ndive pero o-U Nd-o-U-i tire, ij-avuelo-o-11

ij-avuelo. va.era mo'E. xe-ndive.

0-gusta va.era` mc'E xu-pe la reunion

Pero nd-o-h6-i.

I-plata heta va.era mo'E peso

e'

nc. o-mba.apo

Nd-o-mano-i va.era mo'E pero

na-o-hen6i-ri hikuE la medico-pe.

:ida-hasri va.era mo'E pero ho-'U

karat c- sandia

0-ic.akua5. va.era mo , la
*ce're rFiangareko-i hese
ku.ra

o-hexa va.erE mo'a perc

A-ha va.era mo'E pero nda-xe-renoi-ri.

 4/.3;4_
To

Cycle 25

model

Ha'e nd-o-'u mo'a-i mbareve. He won't eat anything.

patterned
led

Ha nde ?
Ha'e nd-o-'a mo'a-i mba'eve.
morg-i mba'eve avel. He xe ?
Xg
Nde nde-re-'11 moig-i mba'eve ave.
ETC.

appropriate response

1. Mbee-pa ta ha'g?
2. Ho-'d ta-pa David-ko china ?
3. Mba'e-pa re-'d ta nd.5 ?
Re-'d ta ko pan ?
5. M' a' la nd-a-'d vara-i.
ETC.

listening for comprehension

Jose: Hgke, ho2a peter. mberd

Look cut, a fly fell in your food.

o-i petei mbera. mo'g-i.

Lavid: KO
There's a fly in this food. I won't eat it.

appropriate response

I. Mgva rembi-'1-me-pa ho-'g peter mberd ?

2. !lba'4-pa he-'1. Jose David-pe ?

3. Ho-'u-se-pa David
Moa'e-pa ha'g ?
 q33

patterns for st,...,dv

La cafe hakd The coffee is hot

La cafe aku The hot coffee
Y takd The hot water
aka rakd He is enthusiastic

TO THE STUDENT:
Notice that the verb haku has four variants. The 'h' variant is used
with the third person verb conjugation; the 'a' variant is used in most.
situations where the verb translates as an adjective; the 't' variant
occurs with a very limited number of nouns; the 'r1 variant occurs in
afew compounds.

%%.
E-mboj:.7 tat'. 'Ifiakuete%7 va -pc. Cook in an oven that is not very hot

E-moI akcve vogue gri ha e-mol Rut it on banana leaves and put
tata-kua aku-cue . it in a hot oven.

3. Tekotev y take yv:;' re. You need to pour hot water on

the ground.

4. An ke pok6 la ;,embi-'d re. Don't to the hot food.

Xe-gusta cafe akd. I like _.pt coffee.

6. !74. a ogue-rek6 kambS; Mary has fresh (recently milked)

akd hOga-Pe. milk at home.

model

ramo kambS- .77.o'yse. porn I just took some nice cold

va pe eladera gui. milk from the ice box.

patterns for study

Ara l'iakd aje-pa ? The weather is really hot, isn't it

1:0'ysg cora h7na. It is cool.
nakuete la kuarah: hIna. The Sun is really hot.
Nde-mbyry75.1-pa ? Are you hot ?
I'm cold.
:a ara rotysd nda-xe-gusta-i I don't like cold weather at all.
eve.

.136'
 4341

Cycle 26

mc

Nd-a-reko-i la plata a-jogua I don't have the money to

haguL ixa buy rabbits.

:;otice that haua alone implies tha the person just

doesn't have money, while hagugixa j4plies that the
person has money, but not enough to buy the rabbit.

example,::
ha;41).g.
to buy
hag111'ixa
enough to buy

:+d-a-reko-i la plata a-ogua haui ixa tapiti.

Na-ni la tiempo a-mba.ap6 hauã ixa tapitf re.

la plata a-jogu hagu.s71 ixa tapit.

appropriate response

Re-jogua-s6-pa pete: coche-?

Mca' ixa-pa nde-re-jogu5. mo'ri peteI cavajla ?

Ore-mboriahru ha ro-mba.e.PO We are poor and we have to

var.. work.
model

A-stimg xe-pytyva I thank you for having helped.me.

hagugre. : thank you for helping me.

TO THE STUDENT: Notice that hagugre is composed of two Parts,

conjunction hagug and the postpositior. rehe. It is
:Iranslated in English both as 'for VERB-ing' and as
'for having VER3-ed'.

erned resnonse

xe roi-pytyva.
S. A-stimg ndg-ve xE..-7.:ytyva hagugie.
7 Ai-porukg ndg-ve xe-tractOr.
3. A-stimg ndg-ve rei-porukg hagugre xe-ve la nde-tractOr.
T. A-hexukg ixa o-je-japo sopa Paragugya.

7-7
model

A-vy'a-itere!: ai-m hagugre ko'g-P.72. I'm very glad to be here.

tatterned response drill

Nd rei-mg ko'g-De.
-vy'a-itere ai-m hagugre ko'g-pe.
::;d4 rei-kuag ixu-pe.
ai-kuag haguere.xu-pe.
::at ia re-mba.ap5 xe-ndiv.
Avy'a-itereI. ikatja hagugre a-mba.ap6 ne-ndivg.
re-atrendg guaranI.
:kat campar:a-7e.
 e-Mba.abg var.a.

rol-kotev ro-1.;:ar ra.e.

7-ende-kane'Tl-ti:lo
ro-py-tu' ra.e.

Ea mta' repa nde-er-ei ra.e Didn't you tell him that

i:u-Pe _a :-egt:e-rek g nagu had a '4-C Club me..2tLng ?

bete: re.dnLgn club 4-C pe ?

e le ba nde-er-e-i ra.e xu-pg regue-relt6 hagu pete:

reunin-club 4-C ne

Pero ore-mborian ha roi-:..toteve- ro-mba.apC ra.6.

Ai-kua5. ndere-ho-i Lague I know that you didn't i7,0

la reunign h5Tbe. the meeting.

--at-:erned resbonse

e nd---h-i la reunion
A-kuag. hagu...4 la reunion 1151-be.
Co,-onel Oviedo gui.
:;da-fiangareko borri la taibit re.
1da-mbobat:Iri la xe-kot:7.
 he-ndiv6 no-jogu5-721 His mother is mad at him for
hauere la sapat--. not having bought the shoes.

patterned response

T. hd-o-jogug.-i la sapatd.
h -ndive ndo-jogu"ai hagu6re la oapatfi.
T. :.17Pate gui-pa he-ndiv6 ?
S. i-pox he-dive nd-o-jogu6.i haguere la sapatfa.
T. e o-miongariri is ryguas5 kuera.
Ha'6 nd-ol-typel.-ri la i-kot.
T. Ha' 6 nd-o-flangarek6 porL-i la taDitl re.

nodel

lio-mbyasy-et nde-re-h6THagure We missed you in the meeting

la reuni6n ha'-pe up sg.vado. last Saturday.

patterned response

T. Nd-a-hL-i la reunion hg.-pe s'e."vado.

S. Fo-mtyazy-et 6 tde-re-h6i ha.,..6o-e la ..-eunic;r.
Xe-hente man:, kurl, nda-pei-kuaLi-pa ?
S. :o-mbyasy-et,5 o-man6 haguere nde-hente.
A-na ta pende-hegui.
T. 0-jenu petel" mba!;.7, nde-val va.

I
 Cycle 27

model

:i-ko ro cine, ne :f there is a movie,my father

aver. will come, too.

tatterned resoonse

oi-k6 cine.
ro cine, o-u ne xe-ermano aver.
oi-k5 partido.
Ikat (J. oi-k6 je-karia.
2. :katf: ol-k5 jeroky.

model

Ci-k6 ra- cine, o-C1 ne-pa nde-;1:: If there is a movie will your
aver ? father come, too ?

model

pora-v-6 ne xe-ve It would be better for me, if

cambia r(3-la reunion Ora. we changed the meeting time.

.substitution

1. pora-vg me xe-ve Fia-cambig rö la reuni6n Ora.

2.
rend.
A'ra.
3.
 43?

model

0-pytg porazv6 ne-pa ndg-ve Would it be better for you, if

Ra-cambia ro la reunion. 6ra ? we change the meeting time?

model

A -hg, ta pyharekurl rS la I will go if the meeting is at

reunion. night.

substitution

A-hg ta pyharekug rS la reunion.

2.\: sgvadokug
3. byharevekug
4. ka'arukug

model

Re-h6 ne%a nyharekug rS Would you go if the meeting

la ? 'were at night-?

memorize

?CV Buen dig, Juan. -zo-mbyasy-etg Hello, John. We missed you in

nde-re-hO-i haguere la reunion hg- the meeting last Saturday.
pe upe'
SOCIO A-pyt',1 kuri hagua I Stayed to help my father on
xe-riz-pe kokue-ne.' the farm.
PCV Ha mba'g re-na nde-er-e-i xu-ne Why didn't you tell him you
la regue-rekb hague peter reunion had a 4C Club meeting?
club 4-C-be?
SOCIO Pero ore-mboriahla ha I did, but we're poor and we
ro-mba'anZ varS. have to work.
PCV 0-pytg 2ra-vg ne-pa nde-ve Would it be better for you if
Fia-cambig rt la reunion hora? we chLged the meeting time?
SOCIO La ikatu
If it-can be changed, I would
a-gradece ta pee-me. appreciate it.
PCV .
Re-hE5 ne-pa nyharekue ro la Would you go if the meeting was
reunion? Ha of -kc5 r6 nine, o-15.- at night? And if there were a.
ne pa-nde-ril aver?
movie, would your father come too?
SOCIO Nda-tarde-terei-ri ramo. If it weren't too late.
 Cycle 28

model -

A. Rei-kuag ma-pa mava-pa Have you found out who the thief
la monda hg. ? was ,?

B. He. Jose nipo ra.e, Yes, it turned out (to my surprise).

ha aeai-mo'a kuri to be Jose, and I thought it was
Carlos hg. Carlos.

TO 7F7 SmUD7N7: the

You have learned the use of ra.e in interrogative sentences in
sentences.
past tense. Observe that ra.e is used also in declarative
NOTE its meaning in contrast, to kuri.

Carlos o-i.1 kurl Carlos came

(I vouch for the fact)

Carlos o-u ra.e Carlos.came

(or so it was reported to me)
Cin Spanish: habla sido2

ra.e indicates that the report is given second hand, i.e. the fact
is not attested by the speaker's witness.

2. Observe also that ra.e is frequently linked with the particles

ningo (or niko) and nimbo ( or nipo).

So it was you
tide nipo ra.e'!

va ra.e. To my surprise it was him that

Ha'e nipo la
Came (or so I was told)

Moo nipo o-hO ne ra.e ? Where wo..ad he go ? (I can't

imagine).

of surprise in
The par_icle nipo (or nimbo) often indicates an attitude
learning the facts.
dialog

A. Eei-kuag ma-pa Carlos Did you find out that Carlos

:ague ? came ?

B. Ko'aga ag ai-kuag, ha I just found out, and I hear

of -ap6 ma nipo ra.e (to my surprise) that he-came
un mes ,ague. a month ago.

dialog

A. Pedro he- i _ kuehe Pedro told me yesterday that an

o-manO peteI i-ti6, - uncle of h1::: died.

B. Mava niro ne h:na ? Who might it be ?

translation

Quin el que ha venido ? Mava-pa nipo la o-u va.

Habia sido que fueron lids. y nosotros Pee nipo ra.e ha ore
no lo supimos.
Me pregunto, donde habia ido. Moo mbo in o-h6 ra.e.
Habia sido cue f Julia. Julia nimbo
habia sido que fueron los cue Pee hipo la rej-a va.ekug ra.-
vinieron.
Soria, este el lugar pc_ ventura ? A-pe nimbo ne hIna ?
sido que fue Pedro y sus Pedro uMia nipo ra.e.
amigos.
Babia sdo cue ya se fu6. 0-116 ma nipo ra.e..
Habia sido cue lo sabia. Ci-kuag nipo ra.e.
 Cycle 29

model

Haye o-u ra jepe tarde, .Lf he comes late, we will

ta la oficina Ora-De. op..7,n the office on time.

substitution.

ce'g. ..ria'"6 o-41 rZ jep6 tarde, roi-pea ta la oficina Ora -pe.

mboty Ea'e" c-U ra jepn tarde, ro-mbotY' ta la oficina Ora-pe.
mbopoti" Ha"6 c-i- ra jepe tarde, ro-mbopotT-ta la oficina
6ra-pe.

model

0-U ra jep4 tarde, pei-pe5. -,en ;, he comes late,

ta pa la o.,icina tiempo-ce ? you open the office on time 7:

A. Arakale guive-pa re-I hIna a-pe.
B. Julio guive.
A
Mama guive mamo peve-pa 4-mbovyT
va.era
B.. Ko'g guive eve.
Araka'e pevepa
doctor-pe:
B. 3-kuera-ite Pev6 la
0-race guive o-mane -eve i-mbolah6..
A-fle-pyre guivea-studia
oeve va xe-ve la plaIla.
D3
A-karu pg ma.
A-cena mbg ma.
Ai-kuaa pg ma la lecciOn.
0-mano mbg guerra hg-pe.
Carlos he -'u pg la xe-rembi-'u.
A-mbonota mbg ma la i-mandygi.
A-17ee pg. vak4 pe livro.
Ne'Iraffpa re-I mbg ?
.
i-val pg ma ra.e la h6ga.
A-hexa petei mbOi nde-kakuaa .pg va.
I-poti mLbg ma la-nde-platillo.
Pe-ntezde.pg-pa ?
Opg vove la ciase a-hg ta.centro-pe.
-he-15 pg la tembi-'5
AjapoPg vove-trahe rg ikatu
re-tanteg.'-'
Xe a-hekg kurt nde-ru pe opg rupi.
K.64 ko mansgna yes hi-ajii-p3 ma.
K6a ko kotS; i7Wa
REVIEW STAGE
Since when have you been here?
SinLc, July.
Fro to where should I
ti
-c 'ere to a:st.
la How long are you supposed to go
to the doctor?
Until my wound is all healed.
From birth to death he is poor
Since I began to study up to
right now I have not lacked ms-.1:Ly.
I finished eating dinner.
I finished eating supper.
I know the lesson completely.
They alldied in the war.
Carlos ate all my food.
I've gathered all his cotton.
I read that book through.
It isn't ready yet?
It turned out that his house is
really ugly.
Iiisaw a fully grown (huge) snake.
Your plate is thoroughly clean
already.
Do you-all understand everything?
When the class is finished, I will
go downtown.
Eat all the food !
When I finish your suit, you car
try it on.
I looked everywhere for it.
This apple is already- completely ripe.
This room is all dirty.
 would\

:-e-guata zya'e'Y- ramo, yoU don' go facter, you won't

xe ne ha'e-te-pe. arrive on time.
3-ky rlre, o-11 va. era mo'a ro'y. If it had rained, the cold ,,.-ouLd have
come.
rire na'e va.era mo'a If I had known it, I would hG
told you.
kyve rircmo, hany pora-vc ra.a If it had rained more, the mandioc
manu"6 would have had better -soots.
ramo re7juhu ne amo you want to buy cheese, you will
find it in that grocery store.
Hepy. Pe-mtoguey m, ramo xe-ve ajoguata. Thai's expensive. If you'll lower
the price a little for me, I'll buy it.
ramo, a-me' va.era nde-ve. If I had I'd give it to you.

furtner sentences for Study

g-pe ? Is Pe,',-c here ?

=-6e, of -k6 a -pe Yes, he,'s here.

c'-kuaa /Trehe ....,a' eve. He goes away without ,learning anything.

Cada ko',11 nc-juhu escuela-pe. Every day I meet you-all ir

:;d5 rei-kuag pera.ma ixu-re kuera. You know them well now.
Rei-kuag-pa nde pe kara.::-ne ? Do you Lnow that man ?
ko'g rupi. I didn't. think I'd find you here.
7:01a
Pb-ha:aro ta a'nga jueves. -We'll wait for you this Thursday.
peva nda-xe-gustg-i. don't like
Xe-perdchg :.a, x-amigo. Pardon me, m;,- friend.
nde-ren6-i Gina. Your mother is calling you.
te-re-h6, xe re-ja xe-ve Go away, go away, leave me with him.
hendie.
Mamita, ro-nayha. Mom, I love you.
am waiting_ for my wife.
A-.:a. aro a-Ina xeltembirek6-pe.
nde-ve upea? Qui6r. to dijo'.-seso ?
Mava-pa
I ma ha'e va.ekue-nde-ve... I told you that some time ago.,
Peva Eai mo'a hete. va. That one seems to know a lot.
Pea hd ai mo'a tatanyi.
That one is black as charcoal.'

SeeM

::ague xe-kuaira. It seems that my ring got lost

7ai mo'a
xe-ve o-kaEY hague xe-rymba-jagug. I think my dog got lost.
7iaimc'a vaixa xe-ve la nde-travaho o-i fl believe your work is wrong.
va.
to vgixa xe-ve. i think it will rain.
. Xe-ve yg hi-'a-nte jev ma o-guahe It just seems to me that he is
already coming back again..
hIna.
 44S-

weather comments

1. 0 -<: to -pa ? Will it rain ?

2. Ikatil ne. It might.
I
3. Este dta nd-oky mola-i. Today it won't rain.
Hi'a.xe-ve o-ky 'jevl ta. It looks like it'll rain again.
1fLra hakil hIna. It's hot.
okL--)e hina. It's cold outside.
./ I'm cold.
Nda-xe-ro'y-iri. I'm not cold.
Xe-mbyry'6i I'm hot.
Nda-xe-mbyry'E-ri. I'm not hot.
Ara pora
- Nice day
Ara sari: pora Clear day

bun and selling

A. Asking the price

1. A mboy-pa o-valg la docena ? A cug.nto la docena?

2. Mbol-pa o-vale kOva ? Cu6nto vale esto?
rrei-potg.
Mbo:-pa -jerui4 hese? How much do you want/ask for it?
4. Mbol-pa a-mete va.era nde-ve.upeva re ? What she .ld I give you for that?
5. A mboy re-pa re-vende la mandi.16 ? A cugnto vende la mandioca?

B. Haggling (regateando)

1. H?ny-ete-pa Que caro

Re-erure heny-v6 x6-ve
J. nd-o-vale-i mbate-ve
- ko nde-hegui tania-ite a-jogug
Mba't1 re-pa nde-re-vende-i xg-ve ?
ta 100 guarani hese.
A mi me pide mas caro.
Eso nc vale nada.
But I always buy from you
For que no me lo vende?
I'll give 100 guaranies for it.

General Information

1. A-jogua-se xe-saco ra pero ani kena mbyky-ete ti

2. Mboyy kilo sevOl-pa 007i How many kilos of onions are there?
3. Roi-koteve mok6i juky vos'el We need two bags of salt.
4. Mbate"pa o-fie-vende koJg.-pe ? Que'se vende aqui?
5. Re-vende-se-pa A-ye fosforos ? Quiere venderme fOsforos?
memorize -

Xg xe-r.,t,ra Jose Ramirez. My name is Joe Ramirez.

Xe Ouerpc de ?a: -ae 7cluntaric. C.,:r7z- Volunteer.

A-5; ko'&:-pe "I came 7.Lvt with you for

dos e2-lo ruol, _k at hagua Ixa oo-servi. about ..L.ery you.

de::r- war..
xe-ve
hagua..xa to :Lear!' ,your=
ko per.ce-f:
th,lt

memorize

ete: Once a mouse, and

Itngujaii-pe, ha konor-, ,,aguaret,= .roaring, Jaguar asked 7.he
0-porandi: oe mous,=,.

re7pa h vnu as big and as

nde-mbaret,gi ;16 ixar:' s-%1-,mg

Ha la angUali ne-'" And *..ne mouse said to nim

witnuul fear.

'Pero karat xe ningc 'Fiut Mr. jaguar, you see, :Le

kuri' been ,.;;.ck!'

memorize

Por primera vez petei guar" A Villarriqueho came for the

Paragu-pe. 0-f1e-mtelesa vo° op g.
mba'e re pe calle re.
?etei pyhareve o-guatg o-h vo ha
sapyla xu-pe zeteT jagua
:;d-oi-kuari mba'-pa o_1--_p5 ta, ha
upe ma razao o -jayv' o-hupi ha-gud
pate: its. o-japi hagua la jagu&I.-pe.
first time to 7.:stInciOn. He
looked in wonderment at everything
along the street.
One morning as he was walking along
a mad dog suddenly came after him.
He didn't know what to do,.and then
he stooped to pick up a stone to
throw at the dog.

Nd-ikatu i o-noh7.2 la empedrado, ha Unable to get the cobble stone out,

'Ij-a reve C1 O ko'a Le said 'These Asuncenos are all
1-araguay gua. la jagua mixed They let mad doge\loose
f.aro gui ha o-HapytT mbg la itg. and tie up all the rocks.
';'eug grvaro:' What nonsPnsP!'
 ,..

for discussion

Fete!: mites karia'g ogue-rekO va 15

Should a 15 year old boy work
afics-pa_ o-mba.ara va. era ndi for his father or for himself.
tera-pa i-jupg ""-uarE-nte.

r8 pende-apytg-re va 0- If any of you says he should work

mba.aro vs.:erg. ha la'i-tdva ndi,
t-o-hup la i -to ha t-e-'5 mbate re-pa. for his father, let him raise his
hand and tell why.
2. Gracigla petelkufiataI o-fieha'ff.
?
Gracigla is a girl who struggled to
va.ekue o-studies hatIE inglgs, of -kO
pevg ixu gul profesOra. Ha heta je- study English until she became a
teacher. And after hard living
ik8 asg rire, o-fte-me'e ixu-p6. she was given grant to go to the
petei vekao-h8 ha-gua estados unidos-pe.
U.S. A week before leaving her
Ha upe o-falta rupl una sereana o-hO
:agues, o -ii o-rang petei in-hermano.
brother died. What would you say?
:batepa er-g nde? Should she go or not?
0-hO we-era-pa
tefa-pa nahEniri?

3.Mok8i o-menda to va -re 'a i-pariente

kugra oi-kuave'e Oga tera plata, oi-
po,,a-ve va-nte.
La-kuflatai.tembi-
reko rE of -pota la Oga. Nda-upg ixa-i
la mena ra, of -mo'E va tuixa-ve mba'e
ha la plata. Re,-I-pa ndg la kufiatai-
ndi ter,,-ra la i-mena rE-ndi?
To two to-be-marrieds their rar-
ents offered' a house or money, at
their optio^. The novia wanted
the house: but not the novio, who
thought money would be better. Are
you with the novia or the novio?

i4
I-rorE-pa mokeii o-mendi rano va o-h6
Is it alright for two newly-weds
oik6vo i-suegro kuera-ndi?
to go live with their in- laws?
6. T.-katu-pa petei mites-karia'g
o-rek6 Can a boy of 16 decide by himself
ra ]6" afios o-desid! i-jehe oj-ap6
What a family should do?-
tetel familia?

6. :-.3-a o-fie-mb0716 escuela ha

run la ava-fiete. ha
c-fie-mbo-tuixa-
v5 la karal-e'e c-ui?
7 Re-I-mot-a-re. ride i kat i ne hae5-uE pet el
mitE-karia'g mboriahu, okara-ygu
membyrg, o-guahe of -k6 ixu-gul
PresidAnts de la RePl'ablica?
Is it gc7)d to teach Guarani in
school and have it superior to
Spanish?
Do you think it would be rossible
for a poor boy from far outside
to become the president of the
Republic?
 rans-ormation (change tC the .past)

Na-cambia ro la reunion hora o- tia-cambig rire la reunion ora 0-

pyta pora-ve ne x6-ve. pyta nora-ve va.era mo'S xe-ve.

2. f;a-cambig r.8 la -reunion ;..endg 0-

pyta para-ve ne xe-ve.

Oi-k5 to r5 cine o-d ne

aver!.

4. 0-jogug rc oe coche of -oorkg

ne

0-to r Paragugihe o-scrivi ne

x4-7e.

o. xe-valle rupi o-guahe

ne xe^visitg,

7. ha-'u :co pohii Hana xe^mbonguera

a. ?e -Hoff r5 trigo re-gaha-vg ne.

9. Re-mondor5 umi fiand o-kakuag

ne la .de-tomate kuera.

translation

1. If you were the director, what would-you do?

2. If ne had been there, I would have seen him.
3. What would you haVe done had you seen him?
4. If he comes we will leave this afternoon.
5. If he were to come we would leave this afternoon.
6. If he had come we would have left this afternoon,
7. If I were a doctor I would work hard.
8. If you would tell me what you are doing I would help you.
9. What would you do if you had a million dollars?
lj. If I had been there I would have helped them.
 R7-INFOR7N7NT STAGE

Comnrension Games

supply the loaical

1
-L. Opg gringo c-f va het. David gringo.

For lc tanto:

2. Volunteric o-h6 va guiv14 ParaguL--;.,e i-soguL Juan vc_untario

Paragugi-r,.e.

For to tanto:

3. Oringa va guive Paragu5.i-pe Mara peteS gringaLo-u va ,

?or ic tantc:

va guiv guarani' if'..andL Guillermo c-fle'e

For 'o t.nto:

tP ra ?arai-pe ta jaguarete. Foterto o-h6 ta

Paragug.i-De.

For 'c tanto:

Tt o-mend i-torova. ,Santiago

For -.0

figure it ou.t

7
Carlos i-mita-ve Jose gui, ha Jose i-mita-v6 xe-hegui.
Yava-pa is i-tuja-v6,-;a:
*. .

Josef sui, ha Josefa gui.

?os lc tant0 Jcsef....

3. Faraguli tuixa-v Tjruguali gu.., ha Ecuador gui.

Por,lo tanto:
1g xe-plata heta-vg Ramon gui, ha Angel i-blata heta-ve xe-pegui.
lo tante:Ramon....

:okoi elefante i-mbarete-vg -etei gui, he petei jaguaretg i-kangy-vg

elefantegui.
'or lo tanto mok3i elefant.,

kuaa-vg guarani xe-hegui za xg e-ne' e Dora-vg

.atetan
=edro gui.
er

CULTURAL NOTE

Est zen algunosd.e los tabiles ma's pcpulares hoy en dia en el

::ay. Son h_.:nos d acciones cuya presencia o cuya realizaciOn
ian atraen males o bienaventuranzas. El maestro native puede
scbre esto una interesante charla (en guarani) danclo los detalles
erpretaciones corresbendientes. Ademgs puede citar 0-20S muchos.
s. A'an, los voluntaries deberlan memorizarlos por lo significative
cultura coctumbre del hombre paraguayo.

--re-flena va.era-i mesa ari. (.-oraue o-man3 ne nde-gente.)

va.era-i mesa ( Porque ogue-ru ne miserla.)

kuarahy of -kg jave (Porque o-mano ne nde - gente.)

kugra olla guivg. (porque o-ky ..;-menda hg dig-be.)

Fe-mboEemuna ro paloma nde-;-Oga-pe. (Porque ogue-r' desgracia.)

tytel ro (Porque nde-re-ja nde-c Ica.)

Fe-h2sa r".-3 mek5i o-hO va rupi. (Porque rei-be'a

kugra i-pc'a.)

voto .`..era re-mbovyvy no nde-a6 aja nde-jehe.

nala suerte.)

vierneskue. Porcue nde-rase: domingo kata-ete5..)

 ,
10. Re-mombo ra (:orque Hande-jgra.) .

Re-sg ra ma nde-e:6, gui ha re-jev.Y. jetty. (Porgue ogue-rti. miseria.)

12. Rei-pokg (Porque la mitt -ra'y

13. Re-r&uapy ra gri. (Porque nde-ate'y.)

14. Re-lee-eterec. r8. ;Nde-tarovg.)

k
15. "rayc" o-ky jave. (Ho'a re nde-..6ga gri.)

Role Playing

Ndc re-h6 mercado-pe re- ?emu hagua;. h 1-ei-kuag petei camisg au po'i o-vale-ha
Os 500, pe-o la camisg vende-h., o-hexa vo de grinE,o-ha (turista) o-vende-se
nde-ve la camisa Os. 1000.

Mba'e-pa er-e ne xu-ne:

(Nota: En este caso el ma. tro puede tomar el lugar del vendedor.)

Making in a Story

LOE eFtu_lant_s se sientan en un c!.rculo. El c..,jeto de este juego es contar

una historia. (La del voluntario C...1!.gula antes de entrar en el P.C.)
Cada estudiante ire contando una parte de ella, de ac-e- a su imagina.ion,
pero repitiendo antef:-los aue :Los at-0s dijer i. Veamo_ pair ejemplo:

Estudiante 1: Cal_ la o -hc mia cine hg-pe.

Estudiante 2: o-hE5 m a cine hg-pe petei kuilatai pore ndi.
Estudiante 3: Caligula o-h6 mia cine hg-pe Pete : kuHatai pora ndi, ha
Calgula o-ka'u mia cada domingo.
Estudiante 4: Ca15.gula o-nO mia cine hg-ae petei kuEatai Dora ndi ha
Caligula o-ka'u mia cada domingo ha -Ter o-hc5 mia misa

Y as sucesivamente segun el nrumero de estudiantes. El maestrc al fin pue_e

repetir toda la h'storia 7 hater preguntas. Generalmente la histora sale
Bien simpatica y puede see aprovechada como excelente oportunidadpara
ejercitar en el ounto gramatical introducido.
questions `or deliberation

1. Pende-memby-se-piko pee?

2. Mba'e ixa nej-apo nda-pende-memby-i ha"tua?

3. Nde-pa re-mend4 va?

4. ,d4-piko nde-je-zusta hg?

Ndg-gusta-pa la kufta Daraguaya? (or kuimba.14)

5.

6. Re-mendg ne-pa petal' paraguaya re?

,Regue-rang ne-pa petel paraguaya norteamerica-De?

8. Mba'e-miko la nde rej-d va rej-ap5 a -pe?

9. Ndg-piko catolico?

10. na'e ndg?

11. Nde-na regue)-rovig la Santo kuera-pe?

12. :idgna regue-rovi5._la Tuna sS;-pe?

13. Rei-me" g-pe re-mba.apo ha,-tue, religi5n-pe?

14. 0-: het-g-pa la catolica norteamerica-De?

15. :Ie-rd-pa oj-a:3?

16. Pee kuera pende-plata hetg, aie-pa?

r8?
17. Maera-piko- pej-, ko'g-pe pende-plata het'el-iterel

18. na2rna la ne-prL)fesiOn?

r8 entero mbP'4?
Moa'e re-pa nde-r-pytg-4_ nde-rCga regue-rek6

20. Nde-piko ne-arandd agricultura-pe?

21. Re-vyvg-pa ko'g Paragugi-pe?

22. .+^,e-g,usta-piko la tembi'd paragugi-tse gug?

23. -kuag la sopa paraguaya?

rP experiencia-rte -v nde-hegu . Ha mba.g-pa ndg la xe-mbo'e to va?

24
gui-ma nd-ogue-rukg ore-;-e plgta?
25. X4 la ai-ko*?.ve va plgta-nte. I
 Don Jose o-mende va. Ha une
nembirek6 gui i--ZaVra pkgra
o-mender mboyve guare. ,-,rbohapy-ve
va tuixa-be ma, ha o-minda-be ma.
Ha py'yi -nte va on Jose la
embirek6-pe: "Xe ni o xe-tuna.
ma, ha ko'e ramo-ite -memo me.
A-mano he erahi'ente
mboja'o-pe xefamilia-kuera abyte-be
ope mba'e xe.mba'ekue va, a-hejg va
xu-pe kuera.
Ha upei peteI era-pe ho'g o-manC
sapy'e karat Jose. Ha of -kO petei
He-mboja78 gUasil i-mba'ekue va gui-ve
re. Pero Don Jose ;embirekE5 o-
resolve vo Don Jose ra'y
okera-pe mba'eve. Mba'e-ba er-e?
0j-ap5 Dora pa une kufia-karat
md-c-me'ri vo mba'eve i-mena ce.Vra
okera-ere tera-pa mba'6?
Antonio ha Beatriz o-mena. note
Nina. Un mes-nte ma o-falter o-mende
haiva. 0-gogua-pa ma hikuei: la
kuaira ha ope mba'e. Ha Ega sevado
byhare of -kO ta hIna centro-be bete:
jerok;i Xe a-porandi: mba'e-pa
er-e ride? i-borrba o-h6 kuera
aaC mi-ate la_jArck:;' he-be tera-ba
katu-ete.0 o-hO mante va.era bete!
0-Eangarek5 va nese kuera?
Juan o-promote va.ekue :j-avuela-pe
o-ho vo hende-pe haE-s'ud
:e-ndive i-santo era. Ha vy'e-be
o-pyte la g.uaigui. Ha o-guahe ube
-era oyhare ha o-ho ta jave
c-guah-e o-C VG tujg ha
hembirek6 o-.T bo-marandu'y- re xu-pe.
er-rnde? 0-pyte va.era-pa
o-i:an.zarck6 ;bra la
re, .,era-pa o- h5 va. era o-mboira
la ij-avuela-be o-f:e-compromete
hague ixa?
Don Jose is married. And by his
wife he has two ligitimate sons.
And he also has a natural child
from before his marriage. All
three sons are grown and already
married. Frequently Don Jose
said to his wife: "I'm old and
tomorrow I may die. The day I
die I want to have divided among
my family all the things that
were mine which I give to them."
And then one day Don-Jose suddenly
fell. deadl -- And there was a
division of his thfngs. But Don
Jose's wife resolved not to give
1-Jr.1 Jose's natural son anything.
What do you say? Did she do right
in not giving anything to her
husband's natural child? Or what:
Antonf,c and Beatriz are about to
get married. They lac:: a month.
They've bought everything: the
ring and everything. But this
Saturday there is going to be a
big dance in town. I ask what you
would say: Is it good for them to
gc all alone to the dance, in-
stead, should someone necessarily
go to keep watch on them?
John has promised his grandmother
to go see her in order to celebrate
with her her saint's da:.. And the
elderly lady is habb::. But the day
before he was to go tnel' came an
old fr5 end of his and his wife with
an,..',uncement. W.h,at do you say?
Shoup e stay and look after his
friE7d.:1 good custom, or should
he ,go to accompany his grandmother
as he . promised?
 CORE STAGE

A. Initial Co=unicationa

A. Xe-ror4.7 roi-kuag hague re. Encanta4.o de conocerle.

3. Gracias. Xe aver xe-rory ikatd Gracias. Para ml tambign fue
hague re ja-jo-kuag kuri. un placer conocernos.
A. Hi'a-rte ikatd ja-jo-toA jevy Ojalg cudieramos reunirnos otra
sacy'g-ate. vez.
Hee, a-fieha'a to to -up ixa Si, proc_lrare que as sea.
3.

A. Re-fie'kuag-pa ava-He'e? Sabe hablar guarani?

B. Mixi mi, ha val-val-nte. Un poco, mgs o menos.
A. Pero oi-me va.era ningo rei- Pero ya debe saber bastante.
kuag hina het mbate.
B. Nahaniri. .La,tekoteve kue-to -nte. No. Solamente lo esencial.

3.
A. Ne-Hermano-pa o-fie'e ingles? Habla ingigs to hermano)
B. 0-neee mixi mi. Habla un poco.
A. Ha ne-hermana kuera? Y tus hermanas?
B. Hate kugra katu o-fiete pore., Elias si aue hablan bien
afiete ng pe. (de veras).

4.
A. Ikatd-pa roi-pytyvo Puedo ayudarle en algo?
3. Hee, ikatd. Xe ningo a-fie'e- Si puede. El problema es aue yo
kuag ingles mante. solamente hablo ingles.
A. H-.71, roi-pytg.vo-se, pero xe ningo Hmm, quisiera ayudarle, pero yo
n-a-entende-i la ne-fiete. no entiendo su idioma.
B. Ikatd-IDa re-heka mi-xe-ve peter Puede buscarme, por favor, al-
o-fie'e va inglgs? guienque hale ingles?

5.
A. Mbate-iko la Q-1 va? Que pasa aqui?
B. Xe ava-fie'e. Es que yo no hablo guarani.
A. Ha mbarg-pe-pa ikatd roi-pytyvo? Puedo ayudarle en algo?
B. Ja-hexprIT zero xe nd-ikatd-i Sr, pero no pue.do dedirselo en
ha-'e nde-ve ava-Heee-me. guarani.

6.
A. Nde-pa rei-mo'a nda-hasy-i hg Cree Vd. cue el guarani es facil?
la guarani?
B. Nahamiri. No. No lo creo.
A. Mba'g re-pa rei-mo'd une ixa hg? Por cue piarisa asi?
B. N-a-entende-i gui. Poraue no lo entiendo.
 7
A. Nd6 are ma-na ko'g-ne?
B.
Ya tienes mucho tiempo aqui?
0,1-apO dos mesas aj-d hague.
A.
Hace dos mesas cue vine.
Ha nde are taTpa g-pe?
B. Y quedargs mucho tiempo aqui?
Nahaniri. Dos al:0s rire a-ha
Dos a.F.:os despues debo irme,
jevS/- va.era.

8
A. Re-studig-na raka'e guarani ecuela-pe?
B. Estudiaste gu,--rani en la escreL
Nahaniri. Nd-a-studia-i va.ekue.
A. No. No estudie.
Mba'e re-pa?
B.
For cue?
N-o-fie-mbo'5-i gui va.ekue guarani
Porcue no se ha is ensehado gua-
la xe- ecuela-De.
rani en mi escuela.
.

-9
A. Are ma-pa rei-kO hague a -pe?
B: Hace tiempd qua wives aqui?
Nahaniri. Pamo-ite-nteaj-d hague
A. No, hace noco tiempo que vine.
Re-pyte ta-pa navidad pave?
B.
Quedargs hasta la. navidae.?
Nd-ai-kuag-i gueteri. No lo se aun.
10
A, Nda-ipori ko mundo-pe hasy- No existe en m12,
ve va guarani gui. idioma rags
B. dificii que el
Mbate re-pa er-s?
:

A. Por quelo dices?,

Nd-ikatd-i gui a-ntende ni a-He'e. Porcue no puedo
B. comprenderlo.
Pero oj-ap6 ningo media Flora -nte Pero hace solar.,
re-rietyra hague re- studies. Nora
que has comenz
11
A. rca'e ixa-pa o-je-'e guarani-me
COmo se dice 'fa. guarani?
'father'?
B. 0-je-'e
A.
Se dice 'tuva'.
A-ntende ma. Ikatd-na ha-'&
Ya entiendo. Pu-L-do decir
'xe-tdva'?
'xe-t"..va9?
B. Nahaniri. C-je-'e 'xe=rd'. No. Se (H?e 'xe-rd'.
12
A. la ,KaarP.II-me r8? Yaentendes el guarani hablado?
-entendg ma, tero o:i Si, perc hay muchos, cue hablan
ya
Ha demasiadc repico.
ma Da ko:::ta? Y ya lo
Mi:d. mi. m2E. ahora?
Ha:'=-7,4
Ur. 12o0o. AUn cas± no tuedo
oonversar.
13
A. '-',e-f-le'(."2,-sepa gur.ranr-:
B.
Qu5eres habiar guarani?
:lee,
Si, quiero ha' lar1U.
A. 22.--se? For lo cuie.res hablar?
Ai-kotee gui ha xegusta gui. Poroue 1 o necesito me casta.
 14
Quiero aprender a hablar gut.:
A. A-Ee'e-kuaa-se ko ava-Heee.
Si es asl, solamente debes
B. Upe ixa r5, re-ilepyru-nte ma va.era
ya a haolar.
re-Hele.
C6mo auieres que 10 17aga.si
A. Mba.'6 ixa-pa rei-oots aj-apc5
nd-ai-kuag-i r5 mba'eve. se nada?
Yo tampoco sabra ingles, y yes
B. Xg aver nd-ai-kuag-i va.ekue ingles
peter jel. lo comence no rags.
a a-1".epyra-nte

15
Re-ntende-pa la ha-'5 va.ekue? Entendiste lo que dije?
A.
No lo entendi bien.
B. ,T.C-a-ntE....nde7: pord-i.
nde-ve? Quieres que te lo repit=7.?
A. Rei-pot4-pa
Si puedes, to lo agradPe..;:
B. Ikatu ra, a-agradece to nde7ve.

16
Que estis estudiando?
A. XnaT-pa re-studil re-:na? Estoy esTudiando guaran::
B.. A-studie a-Ina gue.ranI.
Mbate-pa la hasy-v4 va giaranIme? Que es lo mss difiil en
A.
Xe a-lee-kuag, pero la Yo lo se leer, pero el hablar :-
B.
es muy
hasty-eterer xeve.

7 7

Re-ntend.roa guarani re7f,:t..:ade Entiendes guaranr-o.omo

A.
des esoahol?
e. ..xa ka:.a:t-fleVe7
Entiendo mejor asps
B. A-entende-ve karai-.-Fie"42.
Por cue es eso dificil
A. MbL'e re-pa uoeva? Hasy-ve-pa
el guarani?
guaranI? s meses
Pero xe al-kO va.eku5 No, pero yo vivi
B. icra:.:4niri.
Mehicooe seis meses.

18
,id -a-ai ai-ko vo. undo %riste.
z:-jehil ode-ye? Que te oasa?
B. demasiado r4-
Le gente kuera o-He'e" oyaie-terer.
Las personas
A.

Si es solamen debes escu-

.Lxa pya'e-ve-nte
char rigs rebid°,

.19
COmo te siertes?
A. Y.-ta:1:4 ixa-pa re-e-fiard:i?
:kat-pa e_ -e r..!" jev:;? , COmo? Puedt, decirlo otra ,rez?
3.
Digo cOmo te sientes?
A. Ha -'4 mba'e ixa-pa
.71begue mi-ve? Puede reoetirlo un poco mar lento?
3- er-emI

Hableinos guarani.
,z;uaran:
Hablemos lo, pero no hables
3. pero
muy
nde ne-re-aprende ablams lentamente, to no
A.
aprender5..s nunca.
To quiefb irme a casa ahoy a.
5. X4 a-n.-se: 6ga-pe ko'd"ta.
 Mba'"6 re-pa ne-re-ne'i ingls-ne? For que nc hablas _ogles?
Pee" nd-pei-kotev-i ingl6s Vds. no necesitan hablar ingles
sino guarani. sino guarani.'
is ore -kane'6 ma. Ya estamos cansados.
B. Nda-up6 ixa-i. X6 na-xe-kane'riri. '.;cp es as:. Yo no estoy cansadc.
a-hendu-se guarani. Yo cuiero escuchar guarani.

22
A.' Ko oficina-be-haimet6 avail& n-o-he'e En 6sta oficina casinadie habla
kuag.-i guarani. guarani.
B. P.ero entero-ve va o-studi5. hina Pero todos lo estudiando
ko'age, rupi. par anora.
A. 7..aorE-it6 va.erE ningo la entero- Seria bueno que todos supieran
ve r6 la guarani. hablar guarani.

23
A. Ci-kua61-pa ha'e kuera la h6ra? Saben ellos su nombre?
B. Xe-ve ro guarE, nahEniri. Creo que no.
A. Ha ndna rei-kuag:--ce? Vd. 10 sabe?
B. corE. Lo s6 muy bi6n.

2L
A. Mba'4 ixa o-je-'6 a42,11a guarani-m_? COmo se dice 'agua' en guarani?
B. Nda-xe-mandu'5.-i mba'e ixa c-je-'e. recuerdo coma se dice.
A.,,Av6.7pa flane-pytyv6? C,uien puede ayudarnosi
B. 7,a-porandia Pedro-be, .ha'e ikatu Preguntemos a Pedro, el puede
nane pytyvo. ayudarnos.

25
A. A:aka',5-pa o.41 jev:7 to Pedro? Cug.ndo volverg. Pedro?
Ikat'a-pa er-e mi jev? lo escuche. Puede repetirlo?
A. Ikat-pa er-e mi x4-ve araka`epa Puede decirme cug.ndo vendra Pedro?.
ta, = drc?
B. entiendo.

ta.
(Travel and Getting Directions)

A. Moo-pa oi-me la xe-vosg? DOrade ester mi bolsa?

B. Na 5-De hina. Aqui ester.
A. Ha'la xe-portafolio? Y mi portafolio?
B. Na amc hina. Alit ester.

2
A. Regue-rekC ma-pa la nde-valiha kuera? Ya tienes todas tus valijas?
B. Pete! va a-rekO xe-ndive. Tango conmigo una de ellas.
A. Ha morpa of -me` la otra kuera? donde estiin las otras?
B. vi=tae ueteri ;1yepg-pe. Estg.n aun adentro.

3
A. Ikatil-pa xe-pyttYrvo ma"? Puede ayudarme?
B. A-1 ne-Orden-pe x-amigo. A sus Ordenes, mi amigo.
A. A-hu-se. ningo ?araguag-pe. Quiero irme a AsunciOn.
B. Am6 esquina-pe re-jagarra va.era En aquella esquina debes tomar
la camiOn. el omnibus.

4
A. Mba'P nora-ite-pa o-se la tren? A que' hora parte el tren?
B. Aga dies mihut6-pe. Dentro de diez minutos.
A. Mborpa o-se Encarnar:iOn-Deve? Cugnto cuesta hasta EncarnaciOn?
B. 0-hupytY. 500 guarani Alcanza 500 guaranies.

5
A. Mboy-pa o-hupyty petal Dasahe Cugnto cuesta un pasaje hasta
Villarrica-pe? Viliarrica?
3. 0-se 600 guarani ida y vuelta. Sale 600 guaranies ida y vuelta.
A. Mba'e hora-pa o-se otro micro? A cue hora sale otro micro?
B. 0-se la seis. Sale a las seis.

0
A. Mbol-pa o-vale la pasaje? Cugnto cuesta el pasaje?
B. Siete guarani. 3iete guaranies.
Debos-larie a Ud. el dinero?
A. A-mela va.era-pa ndeve 1.e. plata?
B. Nahaniri. E-mete guarda-pe. No, deselo al guarda.

7
A. 0-hO-pako-car-iOn.centro-pe? Va este omnibus al centro?
B. Bee. Moo-pa re-ho-se? Si, donde cuiere ir?
A. A-;:a ,sg hotel Yguasd-pe. Quiero ir al Hotel Iguasu.
B. Re-ho oora hina kOva-De uncixaro. Si es as, Ud. va bien.

8
A. Ko'5.-pe-pa la a-gueg va.era? Es aqui donde debo bajarme?
is Proxima z cue pare.
B. Nahaniri. Aga otro o-oarL"-pe.
Puedo tomar aili un taxi?
A. Ikatil-pa a-jagarri. upe-pe Detei
taxi?
Up'e-pe-t6-voro-pytg petal Si, mismo hay ..:na parada de
3. H.ge.
taxi.
parada
 (Travel and Gettina Directions)

9
A. Mor,ca re41C reina? Ad6nde vas?
B. Hotel -De.
Al ilotel.
A. Re-h6 to -Da IrPrlOn-pe tera taxi-pe. :Eras en omnibus c taxi?
B. A lc mejor taxi-pe,
Pcsiblemente en taxi, si puedo
a-conseguS. petei. encontrar ::no.

10
A. 1,-jara ma-pa kc taxi? era tiene ti ..e-.:71b este taxi?
3. :;ahaniri.. Moo -Oa re-ho-se? Na. AdCnde cuiere ir?
A. A-ha-se consuiadc americano-pe. Quiero it aF1 consuladc americano.
B. 0-I ma, Xe ai-kuaa porn morpa o-pyta.
Mu:%, bien. Yo se bier donde est6.

A. :.11:24-pa o-hupytl? Cuanto alcanza?

B. :;oventa guarani'. ::oventa guaranies.
A. a-pe, ha e-Hongatu ne-ma' era Sgrvase y guardese el vuelto.
la vuelto.
3 acias ,raclas.

12
A. 0-k:;.r. hata-ve
Anora llueve mas fuerte.
B. ja-jagarra_va.era mc'a petei taxi. Deber!..amos tcmar un taxi.
A. AHte :ienes rasCn.
B. Ko'ae.. ja-hexa lkat Tha ja-juhu peter .
Ahcra veanos ci podemos encontrar
uno.

A. M-ba'e Nora-ite-pe-pa la .r-n? A :lie hora parte:el-tren?

3. 4.:Za dies minutc-pe. ::entro de d'esMrutos.
A. Ikatil to -pa a-karu'l mi jepe? Puede caner
B. Xe-ve tl,ara nahan4ri. Creo cue no,./

A. Y.00-pa re- J t3pEl va. era la ^.e-a:migo 6nde debes enco-ritrarte con tus
kuera :di? amigos?
A-jo-tope va:era ne-ndiv 1...bemoz --,ncontrarnos en c .7L
aeropuerto--- aercpuerto.
A. Araka'e-tepa o-tuahe to hikuai Cugndo ileg,arg.n?
B. Ne':ra gueter-i ai-kuaa. lo

15
A. Araka'e-pa re- o-tool va.er1
ne-amiwo f_uera ndi?
?.o-jo-topa kc'rn ny:
ochc.
A. ,1-ssa1:5 o-L. E.20t.L. _n end.:
r,,,p1- Por avir)n.
A. Morpa ikatd a-juhd'peteI hotel pora DOnde puedo encontrar un buen hotel
ko pueblo-pe: en este pueblo?
B. Hotel Florida i-pora El hotel Florida es bueno.
A. Nombyr,-pa a gui? Estg lejos de aqui?
Nahaniri. Re-guata va.era a -pe Debes_aaminar aqui derecho
derecho cuatro cuadra. cuatro cl:adras.

17
Morca pe-I pe-Ina? D6nde estgn quedando?
B. Peter hotel np-pora!va-pe. En un buen hotel.
ixa-pa here la hotel? Ob.:no se llama el hotel?
. Hotel Plaza. Hotel Plaza.

A. :boy-ca tende-are ta ko'a#-ma? Cugnto tiempo se quedanbin aqui?

1. ire -are ta ouince dig rupi. Quince dias mgs o menos.
A. 'e -pytg ta? Y dOnde estaran?
B. ta peter hotel-ne centro-ne. En un hotel del centro.

9
A. Tkatdp--. er-e mE xg-arc morpa
o-cytg ceteI hotel?
B. O-I Pete; calle Colon-De.
A. oo-pa uneva?
., -r to alt.-Ova amp calle derecho.
Puede decirme donde aueda un
hotel?
Hay uno en la calle Colon.
D6nda estg eso?
En aquella calle derecho.

20
A. Ikatd-pa er-e mE xe-ve morpa Puede decirme dOnde queda un
o-pytg peteE hotel? hotel?
B. 0-I cetei una cuadra ko'g gui. Hay uno a una cuadra de aqui.
A. 0-pytg-ma ko'g goto 'Ara a.-no goto Est hacia alli o allg?
B. Kola goto. Derecho ko'g re -E hg gui. Hacia allg. Derecho aqui desde donde
estg Vd.

21
A. A- ha-se Hotel Paragugi-ce. Quiero it al Hotel Paraguay.
B. Re-rek6-pa peter mapa? Tiene un mapa?
A. .1-je, a-eked. Si tengo.
,ice hotel o-pytg ko''g-ne Ese hotel queda aqui en esta
k5va esquina-pe. esquina.

22
A. Buen dig. A -kaf ningo a-Ina. BuenL,. dias. Estoy Perdido.
xe-pityv mr? ..yudar me?
B. Moo-pa rei-ko'? D6:
A. Ai-k6 Hotel Yguasd-pe. Vivo el Hotel Iguasd.

23
A. Yorca o-_y tg Aerolineas Argentina? Dnde estg Aerdlinor-s Arge-tina?
3. O-t-:ta amp` Plaza indecendencia ykg re. Queda cerca de la Plaza Independencia.
Mombyry-pa kola gui? - Estg lejos de aqui?
B. 0-pyt.g. un ki_57.ctro rupi, hi'a xg-ve. Queda con un kilometro, creo.
 A. Moo-pa o-nyt1 correo? DOnde Geed.: el correo?
B. Tres cuadra ko'1 gui Tres cuadra e aaul
A. Mr'a-ite? D6nde mismo?
B. Tres cuadra 1-pe derecho. Tres cuadras derecho.

25
A. Mod-pa o-2yt1aeropuerto? DOnde queda el aerocuerto?
'B. Amo kuarahy-rese goto. Hacia el este.
A. Mba'e tap'e-pa la i-para-ve va Cu5les el mejor camino para
a-guahe hagua? llegar a:11?
3. Te-re-ho"Avenida Mariscal Lopez Vaya la Avenida Mariscal Lopez
derecho. derecho.

26
A. Mba'e calie-pe-pa o-cyt1 mercado 4? clue ca.:Lie est", el mercado 4?
3. X ndai-kua1-i. -Yo no lo
A. Mba'6 ixa-pa ikat& amjuhin COmo nuedo encontrarlo?
3. Mba'6 re-giro ne-re-porandia-i For cu'e no pregunta a un policia?
Bete: colirce?
27
A. 2o3 -ca ge=e: te16.fono sonde cuena el teleran° mas
ve va ko'1 gui cercano.
B. 0-1 petel" ama alma:en -pe. Hay uno en acuel almacen.
A. Ama i-muralla sa'yj5 va-pe-ca: En acuelia de muralla amarilla.
3. See, upe-pe-e. Si, alli.

28
A. M-oa'6-na rei-cot1Z Q:ue desea
B. Ikat::.-a xe-nytyva"m: Puede ayudarmeT
A. 3'1, mba'6-ta la o-i" va? Si, cu1 pasts?
'3. 7Zba'e ins -ta a-guahe kOva _ Cmo cuedo llegar a esta direcci6r?
ko direcci6n-pe?
A. Ah, since l-amente, nd i -% Sinceramente no :3 se, mi
x-amigo:

29
a-guahe k6va 06mo r=edo lle,-.7ar a eats
kc cl4r
Ikat:1 re- agarrgl T.etai taxi. Puede tcmar -n
ko'1-te. ika-L(1 Aciu f no hay. Que. puedo pacer?

re -no hasy Puede ir en micro, aunque es un noco

a i-torsi. ma: encontraria.

A. 7a-1a la tac o-h6 va correo-p,_:? L Tae va al carr

2:ahan'r'. vai yendo
A. Y.cO runica var. entonce Por d',17%de pues debo ir?
B. Pe goto, seis cuadra runi. For alli, come seis cuadra.
A. Mo3-pa o-pyt6: Cuerpo de a: oficina?: DOnde queda la oficina del Cuerpo
de Paz?
E. 3-pytg. calle espaHa halmetg Brazil-pc En la calle Espafia, casi Brazil.
.

A-agradecg nd(-ve, karal seFlor.

J. peri mba7e repa. No tiene.porque.

A. 7kotr'-ta Pr-e m xg-ve morta Puede decirme dOnde est6.- el puerto?

S.
o-tytg. tuerto.
e. e-nexg.-pa am 3 tupao amo '.es aquella capilla calla abalo?
cane yv:7 goto?
nd-a-hexa mo'a-i C:Smo no, s' es tan alta.
ij-y-vate-te.va.
pev(ir, e-ere nde-as' ": Vaya hasta aI1, doble a la iz-
get°, na a-guatg 10 cuadra. cuierda y canine 10 cuadras.

A. Moo-pa o-pyt.6.' micro 33 para? DOnde ester la parada del micro 33?
E. 1...-ere pe esquina-ne ha e-guatg -2oble esa esquina y.camine
atreche 5 cuadra. derechc. 5 cuadras.
. -r-P jev-r- r-uede rPt`.rmeic?
Con MU2bC.

A. ixa pa ikatil a-Z-.dahe centro-te? C.7me puedo liegar alcentro?

cc esquina-b.-.te-,e1 Tem en esquina un micro.
A. e-k_,arta mba'g linea pa a-jagar- 6a be joe oa ebo tomar?

one la

23
A. ,,d6 ml ven acui.
E. ,:baye-r,-,e-oa ikat(1 ro-servr, karal? En que puedo servirle, seFlor?'
A. :r-e ml xe-ve meOta o-pyte. un poco dOnde est. la
C'enda Natole6n. Tienda Napoleon.
ruta arc. Est.6: sobre la carretera.

A. F.e-h6 ta-ta la eena hg-pe? Iris .a la recetci5n?

E. A-hg. ta. _Lre.
A. ta-pa acre' nT-rembi-relk6? Ir tamblen to esposa?
Ha 'r hlna. Ella no irg. Estg algo enferma.

A. Ye fu i al centro man a means a las 12.

7.-n5 kt.ri centro-re la does ruoi.
3. 'nE. xr n'ngo a-I ave'r kuri hlna upe-pe Yo tambign estabaalll y no
'.a ndo-roThexai. te vi.
. X.T7 kuri hiia yo velvl cr que a la 1.
La una'r,.ipi.
ixa ml ra.e. Si es as.T.,, nos hemos desencontrado
cc coon
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c-ne-mtc0;7 la :.or a iendas

B. Fe la seis A las o casi o.as ef-_LT1 cerradas.

ma o-?.e-s.: 0y.
A. f:ane-= neoa Eue-,eri Zendramos 0:1.em00 ar. r,ara ir de
com0ras':
La Anore son
ramo.

ra.e re-In mercado?

.e,
.

2omo en P,ettirr,ssi.
A. cosris 1:uenas?

. ;.-:f 7f,

A. Za rV

t...=2 ma c-,;en'7;
A. 2,;?i-a-ba o,;-zno-ne 'a hemb-at6? lodavi.a nc terminado s
xe-ve naaaniri gueteri. Crec cue no todavia.
A. Ha ha'e kuera -ma of -mo'a aande ellos creen cue nosotros lo
jaj-apo-^a ta he. terminaremos?
3. M'ca'e Ojala cue no
/

35
A. Ha'e kuera na-he_bi-ano-dt mo'a-i, Ellos no estaren muy ocupa7.os,
ter() aarde . . .
zero nosotros . . .

3. Xe hete ta rembi-apora, xe- Yo tendre mucho cue racer,

hermano nahaniri. mi her nano no.
A. nd-ikatu mo'.1-i ja-he, Pero Nosotros no podremos ir, perc
ha'e kuera i katu ta. ellos si podren.

36
A. La xe-amigo kuera n-o-mha.ap6 Mis amigos no trabajan duramenc

B. Ha nde? Y Vd.?
A. Xe 'sat' l a-mba.ap6 Yo i trabajo duramente.
3. Xe nahaniri. Xe-ve nda-xe-guste-i Yo no. A mi no me gusta el
la travajo. trabajo.

q7
A. Mba'ep oj-an6 hina hikuei? sue esten haciendo?
3. Moo-pa jai-kuaa-ne ta? Quien sabe?
A. Araka'e-pa oj-apo-ne ta? Ouendo lo terminarb.?
B. Nd-ai-kuaei-ete. No lo se de ninguna -anera.

(O'oing and Making Things -- Earning)

ta. Maria, trabajarem...., mucho.

33. Ko',"e'ro a-mba.ap6
;ron-pe ja-'6 Tenes cue dec:rle a nuestro
39. efekoteve Eande-
t-o-paga-ve mbL.6 Hande-ve. patrct. cue nos p-_zue mes.
vamos a cortar Bien vara
O. Ko'ero ngo ja-trose nora mba'e
recucerar otra vez, siend-
va.era mo'a ja-rekupera haua
jev:- la este die Ha-fiamba'apo'Y
este dia no trabajamos..
va.ekue.
Cien guaranies le di a Ud.
41. -ien guarani ngo a-me' "e: nde-re kurl.
ngo xe-ve. No, cue no me diste a mi.
42. No, mba'e
Listen I wouldn't deceive you.
43. Xe katu ko no-ro-mbotav:7-i.
 'Asracultc.xe)

:on Julian o-h6 o-ka'api vo on Julian va a su chacra a cartir.

i-kokue-pe.
Kueh.e. akog xe-korapS7. Ayer cort6 pastc con el macht:te
en at patio
3. Tekoteve a-mbopoti De xe- E7 nece:ar.o Cu 1. 4

takuare'e ca2.averal.
kumand6.. Este a:210 roroto.
:as 6 cre-lechema ramby-pe. ::uestra le-hero tien agusanada
La nalga.
XL-mtlna opa ixa Psptso sac:. ordEar tcdo tipo
gu5. de vaca.
7
Pe ca:.aj:. ptIva 7.sP cba71c cc eloz.
Het,ma a-F.o: y- La avatc_ ha ucho ya he temrado y no
nda-hoky-i xe-ve. crece.
iToe a-jogua ta Cuandc cobr comprare un arado.
xe-aradorL,.
A vende-s.:.: ai-k6 vc. coAganas de yen: mar- cca.
Are ma sogue iace -/mro ).lue no c.._:L;.ivo a
L e a mi pc)brpz.
Nd-c-ky-i kolero Si llueve manana'se me secar6'.
ta in xe-jetyt:-.
13. Ko'ero a-ha ,:aer,a7 :!.anna Leo: ir a ccsechar c,c3.. de
takuare'e. a.zucar.
7
Hi'a nte Es mi deseo conseguir cl.dito para
tre-adito c!,12t'var. (sembror)
l5. La yvf", ndain-a%-ono va La t'erra sin abono 7a no tier..2
valor.
16. ta ma tractr-pe Ahcra ya araremcs con
la Flande-koku. nuestras granjas.
Tekoteve ja-estud15. la Es neceoario que eotudiemcs la
agroncm5.a.
lt. ..J-apo canuieta a-rreRa Sago ur.a canaleta para rear mi.
hagua xe-kokug. sembradio.
ncky Acu.c: crece srien todo pipo de
7ug. yvL fruta.
CV. ta xe-r0ga-oe petel Pondre en at casa'una erduleria.

71. A-aj.a.nbre-s .g1 ko xe-korapy. Quiero alambrar ml patio.

77. Kavarg ho'u-'pg. la Hotfr va guave La cabra come todo lo que planto.
1-i,-t'd-'tPrP.I la tui,j]. xe-koku4-De. say d-.:masiado la ngostas en ml
chacra.
2L. Het-J:2. ta nda la greifo ko'aa. Dicen que costar. bastantes los
frutot del comelo aho-a.
2). Eet.: tractor f-kcteve ko Ylucnos tractr)r-,.s se :.ita tr
Paragug.i-re. Paraguay.
 </go

Plata rosas en su jardin.

26. C-cti rosJ.- i-jar(f.rn-ce.
ma naranja Ya hatenido mucho fruto este
27.
naranjc.
2e. la ore-mandilo Se secan nuestra mandiocas por
no ilueve ma's.
ore Bien barato comprO papa su
29. Bara'-ft14: isy o-jogua. la
chacra.
i-kok, fa.
Es caro el abono, no podremos
la av-.1c nd-ikatu mo'a-i
comprar.
 YHoate anA ::oh-F.outioe Activitles

A. MI:e.'e horaaa ad e re-u? A ou'e: nora se levanta Vd.?

3. La siete y media rupi. A las siete y media, ms o menos.
A. hora-pa u-fle-mo'," la A cu hora estg: listo el desayuno
rambosa Eua ndt-roga-ne? en su casa?
3. Katu-ete con° run. Siem;re a las °oho, mgis o menos.

A. 'a'e-oa rej-a6 ei ka'arukur>? Z,u6 sueles hazer or las tardes?

B. A-studig. tera a-le. Lstud't
A. Ha mba';:'-pa sem=na-na h'1; ruo'? Y aes de ,,-mna?
3. A-hug. 0i-me rae va mbale ha a-s ;,-. et::egn cualcuier deporte y voy a
a-,Land'a xe-amigo kugra7ne. visitar a min amigos.

A. re-hexa televisi6n? Vi. ..t2.rludo Ia televisiOn?

B.Sapy'ama m: oyhal.kug: jepi. :2e ye: en ,:aanozor la noche
acont='-'ro mirarla.
A. An pyhar,?na re-nex.g. ra.e?
3. Hee, h..a i-pcl-angue-tE: ave.. Ha d- Vci 9
Fero haMte Fero can: no nude
mata ku;'±ra gui. miraria it lc::

A. ..d,g-pa re;:eni L.arlio? Ar'on:umra a rao?

3. Het, haimete cad a pyharg, a-hend. aca nos-.
A. 2,722'..">-ta aa re-h4ndU-. -2 va? cu es in cue mg..o le Eusta oir
comaco la Al c6micn: cue entra a Las ocho y urn
conlunt0 oi-kg va la 7=2,untc munical a las nve.

A. h0ra-pa re-karu ra.e dig? A cu6 hora:nmiste hay?

3. A-karia kuri la dace rupi. Coin corn° a las doce.
A. Ha mcna re-karl. don,=t comiste?
B. oE,a-r,e-nt. En casa no rags.

A. ne-vy'gL-pa ra.e kuene Ia Se cavirtl a-er. en el baile?

eroky hg.-;e"
E. Hetg. ra-vy'g. 7.;os divertimos muchL3amo.
A. Fiesta np-norl va, anet imue una hermosa fiesta en realidad.
. iekoteve ,ague-reka jev:, otra De Es necesario out volvamos a tener
ko'eramo-it. otra as, pronto.

A. F'.e-mba.ap'.-pa ra.e Tranal, en nu

ange pyhar?
B. Hee, a-johei tembi-puria sa
Oga.
A. Ha mba76-pa -ar,o-vuYi (17:: hizo
B. A-hend'I radio nav'a mI. por mom.2nto.

'7;
A. Moapa pe-h6 ra.e? A dc5nc:,e fueron?
B. Po-ho petele y rembe'g va-pe. Fudmos a una hermosa playa.
A. Pe-ytg hetgpa ra.e? Nadaron mucho?
B. Hee, pero 171embety-te mI rupi-nte. pero por la orillita, no mga.

Moo"-na re-.0 ra.e re-kari;. rice? DOnde fuiste despues de comer?

. A-b.g kuri mercado-ne. Fu:": al mercado.
A. Moa-ite gug mercado-pe-ba re-h6 ra.e? A cugl de los mercados fuiste?
E. ercado cuatro-ne. Al mercado 4.

10
A. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 ra.e an
B.A-hexg televisi6n.
A. :,10Z-Da re-hexg ra.e?
B. Xe-vecino r5ga-pe.
byharg? ,%14 h;zo Vd. anoche?
,_re la television.
sonde la mir6?
En la casa de mi vecino.

A. Rc-h6 kuri cine hg-be kuehembug Ante anoche fuimos al cine.

oyharg
B. Mba'g-pa pe-hexg ra.e? vieron?
A. PeteI pelT.cula indio kugz-c. rehegug. Una bellcula score indios.
gueteri--iko la Aun no les han c,:_lsado las mismas
B.
pe ixa gug meme? bel!:culas siempre?

12
A. Xorpa re-I ra.e hina? DOnde estuviste?
B. A-I kuri hlna cine hg-ne. Estuve en el cine.
A. Mba'g-pa re -hexes ra.e? cue viste?
B. ?etei pel!_cula italiana monda hg Una oelicula italiana de ladrones.
rehegua.

A. Ja-hexa na televiSiOn saDy'a mI. Miremos la televi:dOn unos momentos.

B. C-I ma, pero e-ha'ara jaj-abo-bg Estes bign, mess espera que terminenos
rae la Hande-rembi-apO. nuestro trabajo.
A. An na jaj-ap5 mba'evg No hagamos nada ahora mismo.
B. Xe-ve ra guarE ndg mi re-Ina. Creo que eres bastante perezozo.

1.4

A. Ja-ha cine na -pe ko pyharg. Vamos al cine esta noche.

Estes bign. No tengo nada cue hacer
3. 0-I ma. Na-xe-rembi.4apord hlna
ko'Ega. ahora.
A. :lba'g-pa re-hexa-se? Que cuieres ver?
B. Na-maHa pe diario-pe m'na.94-pa Veamos que dice el peri6dico.

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ma kb _ecci6n. Aosotros ya hemos aprendido esta

Lecci6n.
E. Ha pei-kuaa-pg ma-pa be kuehe guar-6? Y ya aprendieron la de ayer?
A. Ne'lra gueteri. I-Duku-eterei. Aln no. Es muy
Para maHana ouiero lo sepan todo.
E. Ko'ro al-potg pei-kuaa-pg

nd-a-nexg-i tzueteri upe pelicula. Yo cAn no ne visto esa pelicula.

-)eb.r.s
3. F.e-hex. va.era.
A-ng. ta a-nex-g. '_o'er:. Ire verla manana.
ne-re-mbyasy mo'a-i. tueno, no to arrepentirs.
I-pora

_- re-ha ta la jeroky h-g-pe?

-on'culen irgs al baile?
A. Avg.
Ha"6 oi-kuaa ire. con Maria. sabe donde
3. A- hg. ta :aria
mc,rba o-pytg. queda.
Pero :.!aria no sabe mane jar coche.
A. Pero Maria ningo n-o-mboguata-kuaa-i
coche.
x-6-ve o-apren16 me i o cue acabaoa de
3. Ha'g
ra.mo hagu.-6.

D6nde cOnsecuiste estos libros?

A. MoZ-T,a re-topg a livro?
Los prestg de CO::za:1,.>7.
. Ai-or-
a- repa c-':e' e-? Es buer.o?
A. _ -tic:
re. De muchas
3.

27.
-legaremos :--ar'i a la reunion.
A. ::7uane tarde ta la reuni5n
, I:cra cumenzarg?
3. Mba'e hora-pa b-Hepyra ta?
Para comen7ar.
A. :;-falta minuto c-Hepyr'a
Ha-guahe ta hora-itg-fe. No to prencupes, llegaremos justo
a tielapo.

28
Estgs leyendo esta revista?
A. Re-leg-pa hina ko revista?.
SI, 10 estoy leyendo, Pero ya lo
3. :.Le, a-le-6 hina, Pero a-lee-pa pot ma. /
estoy por terminar;
tal, es bue.:.o?
A. pa, 4-Ara-pa
3. X.6-ve xegust. A ml me gusta.

29
A. 3-'.1 ta-pa Maria 1 u baile hg-pe?
Vends Maria al baile?
`Si, peso despues cue haya comenzado.
E. Hee, Pero c-Hepyra rire.
Vendrg con su novio?
A. 0-.1 ta-pa i-chic0 ndi?
ta ha'e aBo. No, vendrg. sofa.
E. Nahaniri,
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beta mesa c.,:atro-be Euara. eremo una mesa bara cuatro.
3. AMC- ventan_ yke re o-1 net i-Nora va. Alla cer:a de la -.-entana hay
buena.
A. Dkatla-pa ro-kua.a tiba'*e' mba'e-aa la Podemcs saber cuales son las cosas
segue-rekO va? cue tienen?
B. En seguida, Al rctto, senor.

3
A. 0- pasopa Paraguaya? Hay sora Paraguaya?
B. Hoaga-ite nahaniri. Pero Ahora mismo no. Pero tenemcs
rogue-reko chipa sovo Dora va. chiba so'o bien caliente.
A. Nd-aibotg-i. No lo auiero.

10
Maa'e 7. re-je-servi ta, ka-a? Que se servirl,, senor?
3. ,2,4"a mig, aa-marae
mi rae ta. : :as tarde, mirarg orimes-o.
A. Ks'a-ga rogue-rek5 pirg avei. Ahora tambien senemos pescado.
B. ixa De qu5 tipo?

A. A-!e-servi-se mo ne-canes rd uisiera serirme un Doco de su

A-be nc-ro-vende-i _a a, karaT.. Aqui no vendemos cana, senor.
A. Ha a.,,naue sea vino-biko, nda-pe-rek6-i? Aunque sea vino no tienen?
3. :- karai. Mbof -aa r.>i-notg? Tenemcs, senor. Cugnto lo auiere?

A. ._ova KO bar nembi-',:i hg. Este restaurant tiene buena comida.

jai-k6 g-pe troe ixa ro. Entremos a comer acul si es asi.
A. Mbal-ba ta? Qug comeremos?
B. rae :a mbale. :ualauier cosa.

A. Xe-nembyahi-ete-ba hina ko pyhare! Que hambre tengo esta

3. Thkotev,a na-cena Lora entonce r8. Es necesario que cenemos bien entonces.
A. aei-kuag-Da mcZ ina-cena Dc a? Sates d6nde -oodemos cenar bier.?
B. los cuadra ko'g gui o-pyta setei A acs cuadras de aqui aueda un
re.7,taurante. restaura-t.

A. Ja-ha va.era mo'a peter asado. beriamos a comer un asado.

B. Xe na-xe-nemayahiri ko'a7ga.. Yo no tengo hambre ahora.
A. X5 kat bero se-segue. Yo tengo hambre y no tengo dinero.
3. i katu ai-porukg ndg-ve cien.guar:.nZ Puedo prestarte 100 guaranies.

15
A. Mba'e-pa nde re-rambos5.? Que desayunas?
3. A-rambosa mok6"i ryguasu Desayuno dos huevos y cocido.
ha cocido.
A. Mbale ixa-pa nde gust5. la ryguasa 'Co.mo Eusi:.an los huevos?
ruoi'g.
3. Xe-gustg xyryr:7 pyre. Me gustan fritos.
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:State of Health, etc.

A. Mba:e ixa-pa re-Oe-liandu'?

B. A-:le-Handa pora, la aka rasy-nte b:e: .
amente uue el
nda-xe-reje-L. 17,10:- de e
A. Be-hC vary mo'a pets: mdico =iara=me. re'..eras ir :-:-Hltdc de yuyos.
B. Be, ureva la ai-ap6 ta va eso ec are el l'ines.

A. Re-s:6 =a-pa ra.e doctor-De9

gueteri. A-Eleha'a ta :urarme
xe-aO3.
A. rO-uard ko, i-pora-ve var:i me_lor que tefueras
ta-nde-rexe Deter doctor. est J.: medldcJ.
B. Xe a-.--.a-s, Pero hery-eterei la loot, .
_pen_ ',_os medicos
mu; :arcs.

A. Nde-pdra-t:te-Da e!gado esters ahora.

Ha xe-rasy ningo ai-kO vo. H-rmo.
A. Mba'e-iko la o-jehd va mde-ve? nE nasa?..
B. Chaco-re xe-su'u mbOi. un-62'vfbc-Jra.

A. Kuehe guive xe-akanundU vo. eqde*ayer st ,:. :ro-1 fiebre.

B. Ha mbale-pa he-' la nde-doctor? :ue ;1,:e -u
gueteri vof no Le ne visitado.
ningo hende-t,e.
va.era:re-h, ha rel-k_uai-1 Sera donveniente aue lc visitaras
..... la regue-rek6 va. y saber qua es Lo aue tienes realmente.

Qu- puedo tomar para el

1,.:)r .;:a.beza%
L. d majKO 1(;-, t,)mastt genial?
A. :j7aoe-i Ia I: iomaac oastante, per° no
efectc tr mi.
m: ningo prooal ta aspirina.
pe

A. :ie-resa'y: 4ba%6-iko Cur piido eSt5.s! Que ne pasa?

ca,. ','q-aguanta-,-4- ma. Me duele la barriga. Ya nc aguantc mg.&.

me . ve oong.: aue to des igun medi,:inaY
'jaguarete eres 'jaguarett KaL'hL., dernL
Ke-le favor.

1r oue le pasa?
er el dedo.
mano.
.
u-kuera pya'e? i)(Jui.ur, padre curarme pronto?
 i9
h:na.
E. va

cance'r,
ma

o,
A. kat-r,1 vc. And:- .,1gc enfe=.
3. va?
Has:- x6-ve y:e-aka s6 exactamente. dueie la
ha a. cab.he y el est6ma4:c.
mcoa ningo doctor-se. fr a ur. r.4diSc.

\
cgde-r,-k5 De m4t,a? 1.:ne ece
C.-,;agar:. xu-ne Dulmona. - Le tonf: pdlnlonla.
la pende-doctor? au dice
9-me'e pete: receta ro-jogu Di5 dna receta para comprar
hagua ton.. la medicina.

..7-e-logug.. ma'ciko 1a,po'na9 v,

3. i';ahaniri, EI:deteri. o, to.dava no.
A. ca',4 re-piko? For cu?
3. Hep-etere!:, ha ko'a.ga ore-sogue Es mdy cam ° y ahoraestamos sin
dinerc.

12
la a-rek6 va, doctor? Cc.16 es in .7lue ter.go, doctor?
E. :.Ita'ev va. Pero re-?iangarekc-v e nab. Fero debes cuidarte
va.era nde-rehe- mas.
A. L'octor, per° x6 ningo coctor, nerc yo no Du-!do ccrnprar
a-jogug la Doha. ins remedios.
3. Fe-Hena'a va.erL re-conseau5: bebes procdrar obtenerio si cuieres
re-kluera-s curarte.

13
A. Pe-nena vo5_-pa ra.e ange pyhare? id you go to bed early last night.
3. :',ahaniri.- Fo-flen6 pyhare- ma ha o. We went to bed cuite late and
re-pd'a pyhareve7t6. got up cuite early.
A. ha mba':=1 ixa"pa oi-k6 pende-rOga-pe? How is everyone at your house?
B. Hesai-mb-a. pord-inte, gracias. All good and healthy, thanks.
 Comm cn tuat, ons

A. Ikat"pa mi don Pedro-ndi? Tiaedo habia.7 con el Sr. Pedro?

3. Mba'6 niimero-na re-hen5i re-ina? C:u6 nIlmero estg lamando?'
A. .0no-siete-caatro-ocho. Uno-siete-cuatro-ocho.
B. :mm, a -pe avav6 here. Aqui no vive nadie llamado-don
don Pedro. ve.dro.

2
A. Ikatil-pa mi karai Jose ndi? Puedo hablar con el Sr. Jose?
B. Mba''e nde-r6ra? COmo se llama Vd.?
A. Er-6 xu-ne o-e-;e'e-se hg he-ndive Digale que.su sobrino quiere
i-sobrino. - hablarle.
B. E-ha',aro sapy'a mi. Espere an momento.

3
A. Mgva-pe-pa pe-ha'ar5 pe-ina? A quien estgln esperando
B. Ro-.ha'ar5 ro-ina ore-amigo 'ku6ra7pe. Estamos esperando a nuestroS amigos.
A. Ha'e7t6 ningo ku pende-poxS7- va pe-ina. Parecen enojaaos. Qu6 rasa?
Mba'6-iks o-i?
3. 0j-apo mango media hora 0-a va.ere. Hace media que les estgmos esper
hagu6 ha nd-o-z1-iri hikugi. - ando y no vienen.

A. ,y Liamemos cues a Maria.

3. An- ::a -hen Si tei xu -pe ko'aga-it6.
A. Hee, nda-jai-kuagi o-gustg ne-na
xu-pe.
3. ::a-ha'ar5 la siete tera la siete y
media nev6.
No le liamemos ahora mismo,.
Si, no sabemos si le gustaria.
Esperemos pasta las siete o las
siete y media.

5
A. Alicia nda ta ma. Alicia no tardarg, ya viene.
3. Mba'e_' hora-na c -se ra.e ko'a gui?. A que hora sali6 de acul?
A. 0-se kuri la dies rupi. Sali6 como a las diez.
S. Entonce ningo ha'6 hi'd.r-terel ma. Si es, ya ha tardado demasiado.

6-
A. Ne'ira-na o-6. Juan? Todavia no vino Juan?
3. Na p6-se o--11 ma. Alli ya viAe.
A. La ocho y media. Las ocho y media. Cugndo llegarg
Araka'e mo o-guahe
ta hora -pe. a hora. .

3. E-penaff7 na. F;a-guahe ta hora-it6-pe. No to preocupes. Legaremos a tiempo.

A. Mba'e hora-pa regue-rek5? Que hora tiene?

B. Nda-xe-relo-iri hlna kotaga-it6 No nengo reloj ahora.
A. -0-i-pa netei relo kc:g .rupi? Hdy reloj por aqui?
pe otro kotf7-De .Hay uno en el otro cuarto.
 pa ra" Tienes buena hora?
-poranau ave. ::de- up6va. Es is Due iba a Dreguntarte.
1. Y:_
. re1,9,f cars.
3. katu xe-resaral nd-ague-rifi Y yo de aerlo
9
A. Ikatia-ba mi he-hermano ndi? Puedor'hablar con su hermano?
B. :
ningo no-i-ri hfna. Ahora mismo.no este.
A. ?-.a'e hora ikatti xu-pe? . A cue hora cuedo encontrarle?
B. L cinco runs. Las cinco meS o menos.
10
A. A-ha va. era a-..flandu xe-s:7-pe ko cyhare. Lebo it a visitar a mi madre
esta noc;ae.
3. Ne-;.-a'ara-pa hfna-ha'e? Te ester esperando ella?
A. Hee, xe-ila'ar6. kuri he-ndive Si, me, espera. Hable con ella
ko -cyhareve. esta maflana.
B. Ta-De-vy'a-ate uce ixa ro. Que se diviertan entonces.

A-Flete-se mf don Jose ndi. '-,abiarle a don Jose.

3. E-L'aro sany'a-mi Esoere un -omo. -
A. Hembi-a.00 re hfna, Si ester ocubado, no quiero que
se moleste.

A. T,iei-r.;ctl-pa.ro-ha'arn C4uieres bue to espere?

3. Nzhaniri. Xe ikatu a-nangareko No, yo puedo cutdarme.
.1(e-jehe.
A. T.2:;.at-a-pa ja-jo-topa je4 aa.mive?:. Podremos volver a vernos mas. tarde?
3. 0-I ma. le a-hasa ,bevy ta ko'g rupl Este bier. Yo volvere por aqul.
media-bora rire. despues de media hora.

13
A. 0-I-na hIna-karai Juan? Este el se or Juan?
. B. Nd-ai-kuag-i, a-hexa mf ta. No lo s6. Averiguar6.
A.tEr-6 xu-oe o-fle'e-se he-ndivs. Digale cue desea hablarie.el
doctor CaStro. Dr. Castro..

'14
A. Rei-kuag'pa araka'e-pa re-he ta Para- Sabes cue.ndo ires a AsunciOn?
gu4-pe?
B. A-ha-se ningo age lunes. Quiero irmeel lunes.
A. Mba'erre-pa ne-re4l'aro-146-i re-h6 no_esperas rigs Para irte?
hagUa?
B. Xe-ra'aro ma hikuei ama, `la me estgn esperando alle.
 'Additional.Sentences for Study

mo'd)

Jueves mo'R-i hina. I don't think I'lI be coming:

Thursday-
G. re la guaranigui I will not forget Guarani
resarai.movri voT.. - easily .
3 A-manO mo'd. .I almost died.
Hail mo'a. _'almost fell.
5. Er-e rire xe-ve r6-he ja varR If you had told me I would.have
rao'a let ou rest.
6. 'Ja-o-topes sire ja-vY'4.-ve If we meet together we will
vary mo'a: rejoice.
Ko'dro amba.ap6 hetg ta. Tomorrow I wll work a great
deal.

ne )

8. An re-h6 porkg re-'6 ne. Do not go because you will fall.

9. Nd--o-hri.x6ne. He will not go.
10. Nd-ai-kuag-i jevY'ne-ba. I don't know if he will come
again.

(raA; raka.e)

11. Mba'e Ora-pa rei ra.g At What,time did you begin

-re-mba.ap6?
12. Oi-ke-Diko ra.e pe kuimbace?
Entero mba'e ivarato-ve raka.e.
14. re- studies raka.e la
re-je-resivl hagua.
working?
Did that man go in?
Everything was formerly cheaper.
How many years .have-you studied
in order to get your degree?

(va)

15. -Fe sicuentaisiete pe ryguasil In '57 hens used to cost ten

o-vale mrvakue dies pesos. pesos.
16. Xg a-mba.apO yard a-vivl-hagua. I have to work in order to live.
17. Ai-kuag o-hO va.erR I know that he has to go.
Nd-ai-potg-i o-jy'y Va' I don't .rant what is uncooked.
. la.
Pe-mboa,y v-6 ro-hendu haguR ixa You were making noise so that we
lg.
la pej-g vakue pe-ina.- could not hear what you were
saying.
 44.3

Hei-kuag.-pa pe O--h6 vakue-ct:: Do you know the one who left:

7a i-kylg. va la We sebarate.the di.r;ty ones from
i-pmt_ va Eui. the clean ones.
:9. 0-moingovg.la o-mano vakug She is reviving the one who died.
a-mode' rl ndg-.e la It is not possible for me to tell
a-hexg vakug. you what I saw..
2i Lei -kuag:cikO la er-e' vara: Do you know what you have to say?
25. Nda-rek6i tiemoc a-perde' vara. I don't have time 'to waste.
Nda.tocg-i la kuaira oi-oorukg. don't ..21hd,the r-ing he lent me.
vakutl: xg-re.
27. Nd-a-too6.-i la oi-borukg:vakug, i don't -.;'ina the one who lent
xg-ve i-kuaira. me his.ring.

.
2e mitatc. of -k6 ndi. That child goes with his mother.
3-ne'e hina i-chica ndi. He is talking with his girl frieha.
;o Paragua gui. I am from AsunciOn.
Ko mesa amo Eug: This table is from there.
32. Ko mesa anl guarg. This table came from there.
33. Ko bik3 es to dia.guarg. The cake wasbaked today.
:4.amo "guara? . For where?
35. La solO-kangue e-hejg Leave the bones for those dogs.
;..agug-pe "guara.
A-joEug la jaEugndg-ve wares. I bought the dog,7 for you.

(Eui)

36. Ei-ne'g la nde-p6 la .mes. ari gui. Remove your hand from the table.
3T. 0-se 6ga gui. He goes out of his house. '
33. 0-1.1 Taragu gui. He comes from Taragu:r..
39. 0-mana.embyahi gui.. He died of starvation.
kOva gui. That house is more beautiful
than this one.
Ko 'tembi-.ap6. ku kueh:e' This work is harder than
guar_ gui% yesterday's. -
149 E,-raha oi-me rae k'a jagug Take any one.of these dogs.
a -ryte gui.
Mess. yvyr. A table .m.ade) of'wood.
44. -Oga A house cf stone.
gui-guarg. A 'former house of 1;tone.
-moor_ nuti va guivg o-He- Everybody who is poor is humbled.
mbomr-7'.

aCw
 Ha'e o-olta-ve la xe He smokes more than I thought.
va gui.

(De)

48. E-mee jagug-De k6va. Give this one to the dog.

49. Oi-me He is at the door.
50. A-hg to nu -me. I'll go to the field.
51. Oi-ke ka'aguS7-pe. He entered the forest.
52. A-hg CamiOn-pe, I go by bus.-
53. 'Oi-kyti: hEi-me. Ee with his teeth. .

54. Xe a-mbovyvS7 la xe-vistido I sew my dress with a thick

Detei inimb6 i-Doguasd va pe.
55. Ha'e mi nte la xe ariandl Va.
56.. Hasy- ko hina la o-guerd va
- xe-ve la mandi'6,.
Mba'e-Da la'rei-potg va.
58. Mbe.'6-Da la lie:1e vaekue nde-ve?
59. Ha,nde-piko er-e xe-ve la tape
va.era?
60. 14a xe ai-zotg vakue a-rek6 ma.
'ee. la ai-pota'fi.
thread.
I just say what I feel.
The one-Arho brings me the
mandioc is sick.
What do' you went? (What is it
that. you want?)
Whit did I tell you?
,
And you tel,1 me the road I must
follow?
T already have what I wanted.
That is what I don't want.

(bar
62. Ai-kuag.,la nd-O-11 moq-i hg. I know,he does not intend to
come.
63. Re-fiandu xe xe7rasy hg. You heard I was sick.
64, Ai-kuag o-hO ta.hg. I know that he will go.
65. hague.' He Says that he.came.
Op. xu-Pe 0-11 hagua. He tent pim to come.
67. Ha-',5 xu-pe. Dete: japu 0-11 told him a lie to make him
riagua. come.-
68. Er-e xu-pe a-ha be.. Tell him that I go.
69. He-'I xuPer o- ha-gua. I told him to come.
Er-e xu-Be Tell him I'm riot in.
70. - nd ai -me-i hg
a-Ina.
O That man entered.
71. Pe kuiMba'5. oi-kg.
72. Re-hexg.pe kuimba'e pe: You see that man.
A-hexg'pe kuimba'e of -ke hague. I *saw that the man entered.
Pe-hexg-pa De kuimba..'6 of -ke You saw that man who entered?
,vakue pe?
 75. i,..'ueht"-1: nde . Yes'=rday
o. Iecter,lay g(.1 L yosu
F.c-Moo,17.:a pe .:a. agcy pevg. Im 7:0 make you walk far
that forest.
la xe-ry= dog got lost a,ong road.

79. ..k-joku±...7 w r"he, tied it to a tree.

Fe -.r5..he re 3-: mokoi mancha. =here are o vtains in tl",a.t.
;7-

medla S.rh nalf a:. hour.

ride -jur'a rub:. your mouth
ci-k la oke,ru-o'.... He entered Dy toe door.
35. - ixa.- a: a.: 1 am.
G. Ia-De-n5 ne-ke"..
87. ,a-ha ta-nekaxu-p6. wan-, .27_ fi him.'
co. Te-re-ho nde- Go and 1:rin.7 you_ trotner.
hermano>
.39. 0-jerure hagua xu-b6 He asks to make,hm come
home.
90. x6-ve a-has hagua H- told me to come again'
koPero. rc
.

91. xg-ve and hagua a-hgL .H" toid me not to go bathe.

a-jahL
92. azse kc ka.aria2 !lay I go out this afternoon?.
0-k:f ro nd'o-a mc'ai If it rains he is not going 1-.3
come.
" P" kulIa-kara_ o-i ixa. That lady s -.!ms tc be ready
to
. Araka .eve r. xe-ma ndutg. i a-ra never remember to brinis
hagua.
96. Xe-ma ndu'g nde-ru,re. I remember your father.
.97. o-ky,hyjg or.se hagua.. He is afraid to go out.
98. 0-kyhyje jagu5..gui. He is afraid of the
;9. nde-rexg vo. I am glad to see ycu.
100. A-vy'.5. ja-jo-top-pa jev:7 I am glad we have all met to-
hagugre.. , gether again.
101. ri jevS7. vo. He is not ashamed of remaining
again.
102. Juan o-a-se xe-visitg vo. Juan wanted to come to visit me.
103. E-ju koiero re -rasa hagua Come tomorrow to take the clothes.
la a6.
704. Ei- poruka mi xe-ve Detei Lend me a horse to go to
cavaju a-guahe hagua Paragugi-De. Paraguay.
105. mi xe-ve mava pa la ,ape Tegli me .which is the road to
hagua L.uue -pe. tis-'6 Luau:

ti
 4176

ixu-gui ani ha"gua He hid himself so that they

106.
wouldn't kill him.
o-jukg
0-pu'a porE-Diko la kumandg. The beans are growing well.
107,
(getting up)
. That kid came to cause trouble.
108. Pe mite karia'y
sarambi.
0-juDi o-hexg i-sg-pe. He goes up to'see his mother.
109.
Mbog.aao7Da re-rek6 ? Cuantos arias tienes ?
110.
Where is your home ?
111.- 24=6-pa o-pytg nde-yoga ?
112. Pe guyrg hovg. That bird is blue.
Lo mite iri- ate'y. The children are lazy.
113.
Araka'e-piko're-guahe ra.e ? When did you arrive ?
.111.
A-vy'gro-hexg vo. I am glad to see you.
115.
That lady, has three sons.
"11C. Pe kufte.-karrl. mbohapg i-membg.-
Re-rek6-pa la xe-kyse ? Do you have my knife ?
117.
Ore -racy mi ro-ina. We Care a little sick.
118.
Oi-me kokug-pe. He is at the farm.
119.
Re-vende-se-pa xerve ko mburikg? Do you want to sell me this mule ?
120.
Mbog-pa're-jerure hese.? How much are you asking for it 7
121.
Hep-eterel ! 0 How expensive !'
122. 4

That mule worth anything.

123 Pe mburikg nd-o-vale-i mba'eVe.
124. Xe-mandueg nde-rehe. I forget you..
i-mena ndi: An old lady got, mad at her husband.
125 Petei
Pende-resargi:pa pende-1-15. gui. Do you-all forget your father ?
'126.
Nde-pa Jugn RamOn ? Xe nda-haee-i. Eres to Juan RamOn ? No, I'm not.
127.
Mba'e''ma he-ed.-se ... guarani-me ? What does ... mean in Guarani ?
128.
Nda-xe-japil-i. I'm not
729.
A-jahli. xe-sg-De
I find my mother in her room.
130.
Pe jagua o-jukes tambel.akajg-De. The dog will kill the cat.
131.
UmI o-juhrl peter. mbo'i ha Esos niaos encuentran una serpiente
132.
o-,jukes
.
y la matan.
Ei-porukg kOlra. Lend this to my father.
133.
Ai-rkote=ie'Detei mburikg re, a need a mule.
134.
Ai-potg un kin avati. I want a kilo of corn. .

135.
Araka'eTpa o-guahe ra.e nde-1-11 ? When did your father arrive ?
136.
nde-ve? What is the matter with you ?
737, Mbale-iko
Xe a-me' expe I give him a little water.
138.
ore-hegul pe ore-rymbajagug. We lost our dog.
139
KOva-na IaItgrape ? Is this. the road to Ita'?
140.
Nda-i7po-ri .tape. There is no road.
141.
AipOva oi4me Rusia-pe. That one is in.Russia.
142.
N1D-se^i gueteri la kuarahg. The sun hasn't come out yet.
143.
Tape-h6-Dende-itOga-pe. Go home.
144.
na xe-ndive. COme with me.
145.
Mbale ixa-Pa pe-jil pee ? How did you come ?
146.
147. Ro-ju yvg rupi. We came on foot.
148. nde-ndivg nde-i=ezibirek6? Didn't your wife come with you ?
Ja-hg ko:t'sne'rupi.
Det'S go by this road:
Mba'g'pa ndg-er-e ? What did you say ?
150.
Pej-e xe-ve mba'e-pa pei -Dot &. Tell me what you ;rant.
151.
pe karal; peter. guei. That mnn's a glutton; he can eat an ox.
152.
Re'a-Pa caVajil gri gui ? Did you fall from (off) the horse ?
153.
 ,712'7

154. ha i-7e." xe retyml-me. : fell and 1:roke my leg.

155. Ague-rd ndg-ve D'eter. regalo. brought you a ;resent.
155. Peter a5-johei h6". la'xe-a6. A laundry woman ..:ashes my clothes,.
157. Moo gui pa ko tatatI Where does that smoke come from ?
153. ?
ho came
159. Nde moo ui rej7fa ? Where do you come' from
160. ga-.ne o- het tarav6. There are a lot of oockroachett
at home.
161. .Nd-o-je-toc-4.-i mamo-ve la The murderer is not to be found
hg. re. .
anywhere.
162. Pe otra semana hendve. last ..,-eek I had dinner with him.
3 4'6 tunes kurl. He went on Monday.
lt4: .Re-purahei rb a-me16 ta nd&-ve :f you sing give-you a priz
peter pr6mio.'
165. 0-se pa ra.e noga gui tera-pa 2id he leave the house or not ?
ra.e ?
166. KL'ero ta la medico o a;...,:aon to see the doctor.
renda-pe.
 REINFORCEMENT STAGE

El uso de NE R trae insospechables onortunidades para que los

estudiantes 'se ejerciten en los usos. VIVOS del idioma. Con ella se pueden
ambientax o componer situaciones (bi6n dramaticas) cue envuelvan al
estudiante exigiendo de el una definiciOn categrica ypersonal. Y sobre
tcdo sirvira para reforzar el uso de patrones en re-creacioneslibres de
respuestas prefabricadas,

Estas son algunas situaciones compuestas,en que cada estud4nte deberg

participar y (con la ayuda del maestro corrigienc.d los erroresgramaticales)
dar una respuesta, personal.

1. Jesucristo he-'t va.ekue; Re-Se-nupZr8 peter nde-roves ykg-pe. E-mof

otro nde-nova ykg ha e-ne-nupg=k j,evS7.

.Xe a-porandTpee-me: Mba'g-na ndg rej-ap6 ne r8 peter nde=rapixa nde-

nova -nete ?

2. -
-ite
Re-h6 r8 re -ke peter hotel-De ha re -pay re -toga re-Se-monda pa
hagu. Mbaeg-ps. rej-ap6 ne'?
(Desnues que cada uno haya dado respuesta)

La policies he-'i ra nde-ve nde-hermanc hagug la monda ha; mba'g-pa

rej-ap6 ne ?

3. Re-hO rd re-jogug peter np-camisa rasa upgi re-juhde-yoga -pe

re -topes tuixa hg nde-retie. Mba'6-pa re-hc ne er-g la o-vendg
vakue-pe nd6-ve.

Ndg re-he peter pueblo'i mrme Paraguai-ne, ha o-kaily thba itg nde-
hegui la nde kuatia kugra,ha peter tahaxi o-jururg ndg-ve
nde-documento re, ha ndg er-g xu -re: XE CUERPO DE PAZPEGUA. VOLUNTARIO
nen) nd-oi-kuaa-i mba'a-pa he-'i-se upeva ha nde-nupa
.,
ha nde-
gueraha preso mba'g-pa er-g ne la comisario-pe.

'
Lea envoz alta cada sentencia,,hasta.que todos lo hayan entendido (asegarese
de ello). Luego de -tres nombres preguntando a cualde ellos se debe. POr ej.
Ud. toma la sentencia 'Cree oMilere' de Mahoma.

Maestro-. %' Mahoma-pa tera

E-guerovia te"ra e-man6. Mava-pa he-'i raka
Jesus tera-pa Moises ?
Cada persona despues de ENTENDERLO tratarg de dar la respuesta
correcta. Evite que traten de adivinar sin entender las sentencias.
Puede ser una vivida comnetencia de puntos y proclame alganador..
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 Otro -ail REINFORCEMENT podrfa consistir enlo siguiente:

Antes que nada el maestro- deberg estar rags or menos compenetrado de.
las intereses especiales de su lase o de cada individuo en especial. Luego
recurriendo a la imaginaciOn siempre rica de losestudiantes, debe hacer
que cada uno resnonda a las siguientes preguntas y otras que el maestro
harg.

Mba'g ixa gua Eiga-pa rej-apo-ukg ne re-guereko r5 1,000,000 de

dclares?

Mba'e guy c-Lhe-pa re7J6guS,,ne re-guereko rd 2,000,000de

guaranies ?

3. Morna re-hc5 ne re-guereko r8 peter aviOn a chorro?

4. .Milva re-pa re-mendg ne nde-plata-cieta.r8?

Moa-pa re-ho-sg ne nde-re-h6-i to r8 Paragugi-pe?

c. Mba'4-na re-ogug ne nde-platarietg 1.8?

Mc5-Da re-h6 ne rei-ko ride-nlata-iletg r5?

 Veinte Preguntas

Este juegc es bien conocido por la mayorTra de los Norteamericanos.

Consiste en lo siguiente: se di,:ide la' clase en 3
o mgs equipos. Uno
de los eStudiantes; Luis por ejemplo,'-4 escogido
Para pensar en un de-
terminado personaje famoso. Entonces cada equibo tendrg
20.oportunidades
Para lograr adivinar el nombre del personaje. Sucongamos que Luis
pensase
en Abraham Lincoln y que los ecuipos tratasen de adivinarlo.

Estudiante 1: : -u .a-ca?
Luis: Nahaniri..
Estudiante 2: Norteamericano-pa?
Luis: Hee.
Istudiante 3: 3i-kove. gu.e'teri-ba?
Luis:
Estudiante 4: apo-hg.pa raka'e? Politico-ba?
Hee.
-stud ante 3: Oi-k6 va.ekue-pa siglo 19-ne?
Luis: -
He..
Estudante 2: e ;.era Abraham 1.,.inco7n,

el ejemplo de arriba el estudiante nUmero 2 ha logrado

ncmbre lel nerscnaje, nor lo cual adivinar el,
estudiante 2) ocuparg el lugar de
Luis y .;ensarg en otro perso._aje que.lcs eduipos tratargn
de adivinar. Si
un ecuito rebasase el namero de preguntas serg eliminado.
7AFJAC:ONES: Este juego.se presta a. multiples variaciohes. Los objetos
del juego codrlan ser personajes famosos, coma hechos historiCos,
grandes'icuidades O cualquier otracosa.

:
.4
 GENERAL QUESTIONS

COmo se llama Ud.?

Mba'e ixa-pa nde-rera?
Araka.14-pa re-nace raka'e? Cugndo naci6 Ud.?
D6nde queda su casa?
Mamo-pa oT,pyta nde-roga?
Mbate-pe-pa re-mba'ap6? En que trabaja Ud.?
Mbate-pa re-studia raka'e? Que.estudi6 Ud.?
PUede hablarnos acerca de
ne-mandu'g oreve
su milia?
la ne-familia rehe?
C5min se sientE
Mbate ixa-pa
Mbate-pa hasl ndeve? Que le duele?
Mba'e-pa o-i nemolestg va? Hay algo que le molesta?
Mbate-pa ne-kevrantg? Que le preocupa?
Mbate"pa la ne-interesg va? Que es lo que le interesa?
Mbate-pe-pa re-mba'ap6 raka'e En que estaba trabajando antes
re-Ina re-ja mboyve ko'g-pe? de venir aqui?
Ha mbOSI-pa re-gang raka' e? Y ougnto ganabas?
Mbona o -gana por afio la Y cugnto zana anualmente
ne- familia? su familia?
ha mbate teko-pa la situaci6n Y c6mo estg ahora la situaci611
ko'aga nde-roga-pe? en su casa?
Cugntos son en su familia?
Mboma pei-me nde-roga-pe?
Cuantos hijos (hijas) tiene?
Mlo!;--oa ne-membS'r nde?
(a una mujer)
Nde-are ma-ca ko hospital-be? Ya ha estado mucho tiempo aqui
en el hospital?
Seguramente afioras a sus familiares,
Oi-me ne re-hexa gatil la ne-familia
verdad?
.kuera-pe, aje-pa?
Suelen venir sus parientes a visitar?
041-pa jepi ne-gente kuera ne-andily
Hetg-pe ma-pa rei-kuag g-pe? Ya conoci6 a muchos aqui?
Ne-kane'rpa sapy'a mi ml ko hospital Se cansa de vez en cuando del hospi-
tal?
gui?
Que es lo que mgs desea hacer?
Mba'e-pa la rej-apo-se-ve va?
Mba'e-pa he-'1 ne-gente kuera la Que. dicen sus parientes porque estg
re-i haguere la hospital-pe? en un hospital?
Re-hexa py'Yi-pa la doctor kuera-pe? Leve Ud. frecuentemente a lcs medicos?
Ne-pytyvo-pa va ixa ndeve hikugi? Le Parece que le ayudan?
tembi'il? Y, le gusta la comida?
Mbate,s_nde-gustg
va ko'grpe? Que. cosas come aqui?
Mba'e =batepa la
re-'u-se-ve va re-i Jaye Que es lo que suele gustarle mgs
Mba'e-pa.
cuando estg en su casa?
::de-rogarpe?
Seguramente extrafias estas cosas,
Oi-me vaera ningo re-extrafig a mbate,
verdad?
aje-pa?
has5' Ra-mba'apo Si no tenemos un titulo, es dificil
trabajar, no?
hagud, aje-pa?
re-mba'apo rakae? Trabajaba antes?
Nde-gusta-pa rakae la nde- puesto? Le gust6 su cargo?.
Mba'e-pa re-pensa rej-apo vo re-se Que piensa hacer cuando salga de
aqui?
vove ggui?
Cugndo leparece que va a salir de aqui?
Arakae-pa vaixa nde-ve re-se ta.ko'ggui?
Re-fie'e ma-pa rae la doctor kuera ndi
Ya hab16.de estas cosas con el medico?
mba'e re?

pa ne-pyty,:5 ta vs re-juhil hagua
nde-trabajora re-se- vov-6
:+!ava-pa u.TZva?
Mba'6-pa er-e roi-pytyva ra? A-ha-
kuag hendive kuera.
Fe-gars._ _va-pa ikatu haguaixa re-sos-
ten6 la ne-fan lia kuera-re?
re-gana rakae yma-ve?
Ha nde-roga-pe-pa o-I ambue
d-mba'ap6 va ave5::
Re-guerekd-pa ne-geftte militar va?
tide -pa liberal -tra colorado
::e-pytyvo-ca rakae la nde-parl:.Ldo?
Red-pot:a ra, x6 1kat1-1 a-ha a-flemongetg
hendive kuera.
dew ca o-menda va?
Re-hexa xupe?
He-tea-n ne-memby kuera re?
s:rv-ba hik-gi?
escuela-be rakae?
oa' i;:rado cev-_a?
Rei-rota ra, se.'ikatu-roi-bytyva
re-scrivi hagua petei' carta.
X6 ikatu ar-consegu nd6ve la kuatig
Rei-kuag-ca mba'e're-pa re-I re-Ina
nosbital-re?
Oi-kuag.-pa nde-rasf7 hg?
Re-__y hyjepa rakae re-ju hagua
hospital -De?
X6 a-hex -kuaa hg ixa heta c-I la
va hosDStal -pe
gui mba'6ixa ca-nte..
Heta ningo o-I va la va
guiv6 ko'g,-pe i-tarova he.... Ha
nda-upeixa-i. Tavf,7- gui o-je-'e upeixa., ignorancia -se piensa asi.
X6ve r5 guara nde re-Hekevr'ant6 re-Ina
re-se-s6 gui ko'g gui. Arakae-pa re-
s-,1" ta re; ha mbaie resconsabilidad-Pa
ho'5. ta nde-g.ri
Ha x6 roi-pytyv-6-s6. Ikatu ra;-xe
a-arregla-pa-se la rei-potg va
re-se" mboyve.
C -Ipa ikatu va aj-apo nde-rehe te-ra
re -memby kuera re?.
:ekote-:re- re-Heha'a re-pytu'u re-kuerg
hagua, ha ikatu haguaixa
re-h6 pyaie-ve la nde-roga -re.
pre ma-pa nde-easy hague
kc mba'as:7 gui.
!4 6
L493
Hay alguien que va a ayudarle a
encontrar un trabajo cuando salga?
uienes son ellos?
Que le parece Si le ayUdo? Puedo
ir a hablar con ellos.
Suele ganar lo suficiente Para mantener
Cugnto ganaba anteriormente?
Y hay otros cue trabajan en su familia?
Tiene parientes militares?
Es Ud. liberal o colorado?.
Le ha ayudado su partido?
Si quiere yo rued ir a hablar
con ellos.
Es lid. casado?
Le Ud. frecuentemehte?
vF-.1
Se preocupa'pbr sus hijos?
Le escriben?
Entr6 en la escuela?
Hasta que grado?
Lee y escribe?
Si lc desea yo puedo ayAarle a
escribir una carta.
Yo puedo conseguir el papeI:"
Sabe Ud. porqu6 ester en el hospital?
Saben ellos cue ester Ud. enfermo?
Ter.2-_a Ud. miedo de venir
Me rarece que hay muchos cuienes no
quieren venir a este hospital,
porcue no saber_ c6mo es.
Muchos dicers que todos los cue ester:,
aaui son lOcos. Pero no es as.T.. Por
Para mi., Ud. se preocupa por querer
salir de acuT.. Sobre cuando saldra
y la res:consabilidad que recaerg
sobre_Ud. cuando
Yo quiero ayudarle. Si es posible
auiero arreglar todo antes que
salga.
Hay alguna bosa aue yo pueda pacer
por Ud. o sus hijos?
Es .necesario que procure descansar
Para curarse mas rg.pido y para
poder volver pronto a su casa.
Hace mucho tiempo cue tiene esta
enfermedad?
 4914

Cilimose cure) de las otras enfer-

roaigixa-pa re-kuerg rakae urn otro
medades? Fue Ud. a un hospital,
mba'asy gui? Re-AU-pa rakae hos-
bital-be tera moo re-h6? o dade?
El cancer es peligrosoqlrerdad?
,a dancer i- peligroso, aje-pa?
En quien confla mas?
lava re-pa re7je-rovia-vg?
A veces nos pasan cosas que no
3apy'a-nte ko o-jehu fiandeve jai-pota-
deseamos, verdad?-
g. va, aje-pa?
3apy'a-nte katu nda-ja-vy'g-i ref -nte. Y a veces nos entristecemos sin moti7o.
3apy'a-nte ko aai-koteve vof aa-fie- A veces es necesario bUscar la'soledad
moha'er16 ha fia-fiemotiempo ja-pytu'u y hacerse de tiempo para descansa
-y p sar, verdad?
hagua ha fia-pensa hagug, ajg-pa?
Cugndo uno casarse?
krakae-pa i-pora aa-mendg?
la plata? Por qug es-tan importante el dinero?
fb,?.!e re-pa ifiimportante-terel
Es verdad que todo el mundo quire
:kaetg-pa opg o-i va i-plata heta-se')
ser rico?
Mena-pa o-me' e mba vaerg i-plata
-Debe el hombre dar todo su dinero
a su esposa?
hembireko-pe?
Cugnto cuesta una educaciOn univer-
borba o-se la tItulo universidad-pe?
sit aria?
Es verdad clue todos los norteamerica-
Aaetel-pa entero norteamericano
nos son ricos?
i-plata hetg?