Propositions

Consider the following

statements:
One plus one equals three.
Today is Sunday.
Good morning, class!
Get out of my sight!
Simple Propositions
Simple Propositions – are simple
statements that can be decided
whether true or false.
*Propositions are usually denoted by small
letters.
Examples:
p: Mindanao is an island in the
Philippines.

q: 3 + 2 = 5.
 Compound Propositions
Compound Propositions – are composite
statements that are composed of sub-
statements and various logical connectives.

*These are formed from simple

propositions using logical connectors.
Some logical connectors involving
propositions p and/or q may be
expressed as follows:
not p
p and q
p or q
If p, then q
Examples:
p: You study hard
q: You get good grades
If you study hard, then you will
get good grades.
Examples:
p: You are more than 60 years old
q: You are entitled to a Senior
Citizen’s card
If you are more than 60 years old, then
you are entitled to a Senior Citizen’s
card.
Tell whether each given
statement is a proposition or not.

1.) Laguna is in Manila. Proposition

*this dictates a false statement

2.) 2 + 2 = 4 Proposition
*this dictates a true statement
Tell whether each given
statement is a proposition or not.

 Where are you going?

Not a proposition
*this can be neither true nor false
 Putyour homework on the blackboard.
Not a proposition
*this can be neither true or false
 Determine whether each of the following
statements is a proposition or not. If it is a
proposition, tell if it is simple or compound.
Not a proposition 1. Mabuhay!
Simple proposition 2. Jose Rizal is our National Hero.
Compound proposition 3. Our logic teacher is either pretty
or handsome.
Compound proposition 4. 2 is even and prime.
Compound proposition 5. If an integer is even, then its
square is also even
Logical Connectives - are used to
symbolize compound statements.

Connectives Symbol
not  not p, not q
and, but Ʌ p and q/p but q
or V p or q
Examples: Using p and q, write each of the
following statements in symbols.
p: The sun is shining.
q: The sky is blue.
1. The sun is shining, and the sky is
blue.
In symbols: p Ʌ q
2. The sun is shining, but the sky is not blue.
In symbols: p Ʌ q
3. It is false that the sun is shining or the
sky is blue.
In symbols:  (p V q)
4. Neither the sun is shining nor the sky is
blue.
In symbols:  p V  q