LOGIC

-It is the science of correct

reasoning
-Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C) is
one of the earliest logicians
and one of the most
renowned.
-Student of Plato and the
tutor of Alexander the
Great
-His works were used to
distinguish valid from
invalid arguments
What to Learn

Key concepts of Propositional Logic

–Propositions
–Logical connectors and operators
–Truth Tables
–Conditional Propositions
Classify each sentence
as Declarative,
Imperative,
Interrogative, or
Exclamatory
Let’s get started

The principal will visit classes starting next

week.

Declarative
Ouch! I cut my finger.

Exclamatory
Turn right at the fourth traffic sign.

Imperative
Have you heard of the good news?

Interrogative
Please reserve December 7 for me.

Imperative
I wish I could visit my grandparents this
summer.

Declarative
Please do not answer in chorus.

Imperative
Did you prepare for the final examination?

Interrogative
Keep quiet!

Exclamatory
 Review:
Kinds of Sentence according
to the PURPOSE
DECLARATIVE

is used to make statement of fact, wish,

intent, or feeling.

Example:
I will create a great painting this
weekend.
IMPERATIVE

is used to state a command, request or

direction.

Ex:
Write your name in a sheet of paper.
INTERROGATIVE

is used to ask a question

Ex:
Did you do your homework?
EXCLAMATORY

is used to express a strong feeling

Ex:
Stop talking!
Which sentence can
be answered as either
TRUE or FALSE
Rowena is passing in Mathematics.
Pass the paper and then leave the room.
December 7, 1953 was a Monday.
When will you submit your project?
5 + 3 = 8 and 12 – 7 = 3.
What is
PROPOSITION?
PROPOSITION

It is a declarative sentence that can be

classified as true or false, but not both.
Its truth value is either TRUE(T) OR
FALSE(F)
Examples

Rowena is passing in Mathematics.

December 7, 1953 was a Monday.
5 + 3 = 8 and 12 – 7 = 3
The principal will visit classes starting next
week
Note!

There are other types of sentences where

true or false values cannot be assigned. A self
– contradictory proposition is called
“PARADOX”.
“I AM LYING”
EXAMPLES

The number 4 is even and less than 2.

Proposition

Cauayan City is the capital of Isabela

Proposition
Examples

Philippines is the largest archipelago in the

world.

Proposition
How old are you?
Not a proposition
Examples

Open your eyes.

Not a proposition
SIMPLE AND COMPOUND

A simple proposition is a proposition that

conveys one thought with no logical
connector. It cannot be broken down any
further into other component propositions
Ex:
Tomorrow is another day.
SIMPLE AND COMPOUND

A compound proposition is a proposition

formed from simpler propositions using
logical connectors or some combination of
logical connectors.
Example of Compound

Donna is doing great in language but she is

having difficulty in Math.
 Some logical connectors involving
propositions p and/or q may be expressed as
follows:
➢𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝
➢𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞
➢𝑝 𝑜𝑟 𝑞
➢𝑖𝑓 𝑝 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑞
SIMPLE VS COMPOUND

Determine whether simple or compound. If

compound proposition, identity the simple
components.
SIMPLE VS COMPOUND

p1: It is not the case that 𝟐 is a rational

number.

Simple Proposition
SIMPLE VS COMPOUND
p2: Either logic is fun and interesting, or it is
boring.

Compound
Simple Components:
a: Logic is fun
b: Logic is interesting
c: Logic is boring
SIMPLE VS COMPOUND

p3: If you study hard, then you will get good

grades.

Compound
Simple Components:
g:You study hard.
h: You get good grades.
SIMPLE VS COMPOUND

p4: If you have a driver’s license then you can

drive.

Compound
Simple Components:
m: You have a driver’s license.
n: You can drive.
DRILL

Determine whether each of the following

statements is a proposition or not. If it is, then
give its truth value.
DRILL

1. Mabuhay!
2. Jose Rizal is our National Hero.
3. Who is the first president of the
Philippines?
4. Ferdinand Magellan did not arrive the
Philippines in 1521.
DRILL

5. 2.5 is an integer.
6. Our Logic teacher is either gorgeous or
handsome.
7. Smile at your seatmate.
8. If an integer is even then its square is also
even.