A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN

MATHEMATICS 11
GENERAL MATHEMATICS: PROPOSITIONS

CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of propositional logic; syllogisms and
fallacies.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
The learner is able to of judiciously apply logic in real-life arguments.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1. illustrates and symbolizes propositions (M11GM-IIg-1, M11GM-IIg-2)
2. distinguishes between simple and compound propositions. (M11GM-IIg-3)
3. performs the different types of operations on propositions (M11GM-IIg-4)

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. illustrate propositions
b. identify whether a sentence is a proposition or not
c. distinguish between simple and compound sentences
d. apply propositions in real-life situation.

LEARNING RESOURCES:
References:
General Mathematics by Orlando Oronce, pages 266-277
General Mathematics, Alternative Delivery Mode, modules 13 and 14

Other materials to be used:

PowerPoint Presentation Projector
Laptop Chalkboard

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. Preliminary Activities
Before we start, may we all stand for a prayer.
Let’s pray the Our Father.
Good morning Class!
Please take your seats.
B. Establish the purpose of the lesson:
Ask the students what comes in their mind
whenever they hear/read the word LOGIC.
According to Aristotle, logic is defined as “the
science of correct reasoning.”
Math involves logic…..
In the name of the father……..Our Father
who art in heaven…. Amen.
Good Morning Maám. It’s nice to see
you.
Thank you Maám.
Actually, we may be using the principles
and concepts of logic in our daily tasks
which may be unknowing to us
sometimes. That is how the study of logic
may be significant to everybody.

Actually, we may be using the principles and
concepts of logic in our daily tasks which may be
unknowing to us sometimes. That is how the
study
of logic may be significant to everybody.
The students will say their deas.
• In performing mathematical operations
• in playing chess
• in making decisions
• in communicating with peers

Before proceeding to our lesson for today may

we have a short activity.

The teacher will present a series of logic

statement while they will guess their answer. The Answers:
teacher will call the students to say their answer. 1. The letter M
2. Neither, the yolk of eggs are yellow.
3. Three.
1. It occurs once in a minute, twice in a moment, 4. Friday.
but never in an hour.

2. Is it correct to say "the yolk of eggs is white"

or "the yolk of eggs are white"?

3. There are two ducks in front of a duck, two

ducks behind a duck and a duck in the middle.
How many ducks are there?

4. The day before two days after the day before

tomorrow is Saturday. What day is it today?

The teacher will present the learning objectives

for the lesson.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new

lesson:
What is a proposition?

Example
A proposition is a declarative sentence
that is either true or false, but not both.

Ferdinand Marcos Jr. is the President of

the Philippines.

D. Discussion of New Concepts and Practicing
New Skills:
What is the difference between simple and
compound sentences?
There are two types propositions, what are they?
What is a simple proposition?
Can you give an example of a simple proposition?
How about, what is a compound proposition?
Can you give an example of a compound
proposition?
There are types of Compound Propositions
Types of Compound Proposition
1. Conjunction
2. Disjunction
True, thus it is a proposition.
Do you want to go to the movies?
Not a proposition because it not a
declarative sentence.
Mathematics is a difficult subject.
It can be true/false, thus it is not a
proposition.
Clean up your room.
This is an imperative sentence thus it is
not a proposition.
Simple Proposition – a proposition that
conveys one thought with no connecting
words.
Compound Proposition – contains two or
more simple propositions that are put
together using connective words.
Simple propositions and Compound
propositions.
“2 is an even number”
“A square has all its sides equal”
Students will answer.
-contains two or more simple propositions
that are put together using connective
words.
Example:
“11 is both an odd and prime number” can
be broken into two propositions.
Students will answer.
If two simple propositions p and q are
connected by the word ‘and’, then the
resulting compound proposition “p and
q” is called a conjunction of p and q
and is written in symbolic form as “p ˄
q”.
 Example:
Form the conjunction of the following
simple propositions:
p: Jethro is a boy.
q: He is a grade 5 pupil.
p ˄ q: Jethro is a boy and he is a grade 5
pupil.

If two simple propositions p and q are

connected by the word ‘or’, then the
resulting compound proposition “p or q” is
called a disjunction of p and q and is
written in symbolic form as “p ˅ q”.
3. Conditional
Example:
Form the disjunction of the following
simple propositions:
p: Joyce will pass all her subject.
q: She will be retained.
p ˅ q: Joyce will pass all her subject or
she will be retained.

If two simple propositions p and q are

joined by a connectivity ‘if then’, then the
resulting compound proposition “if p then
q” is called a conditional proposition or an
implication and is written in symbolic
4. Biconditional
form as “p → q”. Here, p is called
hypothesis (or antecedent) and q is called
conclusion (or consequent) of the
conditional proposition. The conditional p
→q may also be read “p implies q”.
Examples:
1. If Ariel work hard then he will be
successful.
2. If you eat more then you lost your diet.

If two proposition p and q are

connected by the connective ‘if and
only if” then the resulting compound
proposition “p if and only if q” is called
a biconditional of p and q and is written
in symbolic form as p ↔ q. The
5. Negation proposition may also be written as “p
iff q”. The propositions p and q are the
components of the biconditional.
 Example:
1. “Two sides of a triangle are
congruent if and only if two angles
opposite them are congruent.
2. Larseny is a STEM student if and only
if she likes Science.

An assertion that a statement fails, or

denial of a statement is called the negation
of the statement. The negative of a
statement is generally formed by
E. DEVELOPING MASTERY introducing the word “not” at some proper
place in the statement. The negation of a
Activity: statement p in symbolic form is written as
The class will be divided into two groups in which the “~p”.
teacher will flash the activity. Students will write their
answer in the board, the group who first answer the
activity will be gain points.
Example:
TRANSFORM ME Write the negation of the statement.
Convert each compound proposition into p: School year 2023-2024 will start on
symbols. June 1.
Let The negation of p is given by
p: “Facebook is a source of information.” q: ~p: School year 2023– 2024 will not start
“Social Media spread fake news.” on June 1.

a. Facebook is a source of information and social

media spread fake news.
b. Facebook is not a source of information or Answers:
social media do not spread fake news. a. p ˄ q
c. It is not the case that social media spread b. ~p ˅ ~q
fake news and Facebook is a source of c. ~q ˄ p
information. d. p → q
d. If Facebook is a source of information, then e. q ↔ p
social media spread fake news.
e. Social Media spread fake news if and only if
Facebook is a source of information.

Convert each symbols into compound

proposition.
Let
p: “Television network remains shut down”
q: “The network paid their taxes”.

a. p ˅ q
b. ~q ˄ p Answers
c. p→q
d. ~ p ˄ ~q a. Television network remain shut down or
 the network paid their taxes.
b. The network did not pay their taxes and
television network remain shut down.
c. If television network remains shut
down, then the network paid their taxes.
d. It is not the case that television network
remains shut down and the network paid
their taxes.
F. EVALUATING LEARNING
Classify each proposition as simple or
compound. Classify each compound proposition
as conjunction, disjunction, conditional, or
biconditional, and negation.
1. My daughter will take a nursing course.
2. His uncle’s name is not Manny.
3. A positive integers n is divisible by 3, if
and only if, the sum of the digits of n is
divisible by 3.
4. Either Hazel want to go to Davao or she wants
to visit her mother in Misamis Oriental.
5. Mich is diligent and intelligent student.

Let p = Micky is loyal and q = Jamel is loyal.

Write each statement in symbolic form.
a. If Micky is Loyal, then Jamel is not loyal
b. Both Micky and Jamel are loyal.
c. Either Micky or Jamel is loyal.
d. Micky is not loyal or Jamel is not loyal.
e. It is not the case that Micky is loyal or Jamel is
loyal.

G. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR

APPLICATION/MASTERY/REMEDIATION
Around the globe, the human race experienced an
unforgettable turning event in the year 2020. I,
you and all the rest out there have in a way or
another experienced the effects of the pandemic
COVID- 19. Write an essay or propositions about
your actual experiences and your realizations in
life while in this crisis.

Prepared by:

RICHEL B. RABAS
COS Instructor