CHAPTER-IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Introduction to the study

An analysis is a process of organizing and synthesizing the data so as to answer the research questions and
test hypothesis, interpretation of data is an activity of critical thinking, which is done carefully through
brainstorming to infer the condensed and statically computed data so that research questions can be
answered and hypothesis can be tested.

The description of the result is the eternity of a research project which enables the researcher to
reduce, summarize, evaluate, interpret and communicate numerical information. In order to find a
meaningful answer to the research problem, the data must be processed, analyzed in systemic and some
orderly coherent fashion so that the pattern and relationship can be discerned.

A Quantitative research approach was adapted to“A study to assess the Effectiveness of Planned
Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Warning sign and Prevention of Mental illness
among late adolescent of a selected collage at BanaskanthaDistrict.”The data was tabulated, analysed
and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics based on the objectives and hypothesis
formulated for the present study.

 ANALYSISANDINTERPRETATIONOFTHEDATA

Thedata hasorganized and presentedin five sections as follows:

Section A:AnalysisandInterpretationofthe demographicdataofthe Samples.

Section B:AnalysisandInterpretationof thepre test and post test knowledge score ofthesamples.

Section C: Analysis for association of post-test knowledge score of with

theselecteddemographicvariablesof thesamples.

4.1Objectives of the study

1. To assess the knowledge regarding warning signs and prevention of mental illness among late
adolescents at a selected collage.
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding warning sings and
prevention of mental illness among adolescents at a selected collage.
3. To find out the association between the knowledge regarding warning signs and prevention of
mental illness among adolescents at selected collage with their selected socio demographic
variable
4.2 Hypotheses

H0: There will be no significance difference between pre test&post test knowledge score of late
adolescent regarding warning sign and prevention of mental illness.

H1: There will be significance difference between pre test&post test knowledge score of late adolescents
regarding warning sign and prevention of mental illness.

H2: There will be significant association between post test knowledge regarding warning sign and
prevention of mental illness with their selected socio demographic variables

4.3 Organization and presentation of the data

The collected data was entered in a master sheet for tabulation and statistical processing. The data were
analysed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics based on the objectives and hypothesis
formulated for the present study. The findings are presented under the following headings:

Section A: Frequency and percentage wise distribution of socio-demographic variables.

Section B:Analysis and interpretation of pre-test and post-test knowledge score.

Section C:Analysis of association of post-test knowledge score of late adolescent of a selected collage
with demographic variable at selected Banaskantha.

SECTION-A FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC

VARIABLES

Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by Education Status Of Mother

N=60

Variables Category Frequency Percentage

no formal education 28 46.66%

EDUCATION primary education 20 33.33%

STATUS OF
secondary education 11 18.33%
MOTHER
higher secondary education 0 0%

Total 60 100%
 28

27.5
20
22.5

17.5
11
12.5

46.66% 33.33% 18.33% 0.00%

7.5
PERCENTAGE
0
2.5 FRQUANCY
NO FORMAL EDU- PRIMARAY EDUCA- SECONDARY EDU- HIGHER SEC-
CATION TION CATION ONDARY EDUCA-
TION
FRQUANCY 28 20 11 0
PERCENT- 46.66% 33.33% 18.33% 0.00%
AGE

FRQUANCY PERCENTAGE

Figure 1: Distribution of Respondents by Education Status Of Mother

Table 1 and figure 1: Projected that distribution of respondent by education of mother most of the
respondent i.e.46.66%belonged to the no formal education, 33.33% respondent to primary education,
18.33% belonged to the secondary education and 0% belonged to higher secondary education.

Table 2: Distribution of Respondents by Education Status Of Father

N=60

Variables Category Frequency Percentage (%)

EDUCATION No Formal Education 7 11.66%

STATUS OF
Primary Education 24 40%
FATHER
Secondary Education 24 40%

Higher Secondary Education 5 8.33%

Total 60 100%
 30 45.00%

25 2440% 2440% 40.00%

35.00%
20 30.00%
25.00%
15
20.00%
10 15.00%
7 12%
5 10.00%
5 8%
5.00%
0 0.00%
ON ON ON ON
A TI A TI A TI T I
UC UC UC U CA
E D E D E D ED
AL AY AR
Y
AR
Y
R M AR ND ND
F O IM
PR CO CO
NO SE SE
ER
GH
HI

FRQUANCY PERCENTAGE

Figure 2: Distribution of Respondents by Education Status OfFather

Table 2 and figure 2:Projected that distribution ofrespondent by education of father most of the
respondent i.e.40%belonged to the primary education, 40% respondent to secondary education, 11.66%
belonged to the no formal education and 8.33% belonged to higher secondary education.

Table 3: Distribution of Respondents by Type of family

N=60

Variables Category Frequency Percentage

Nuclear
Family 3 5%
TYPE OF FAMILY
Joint Family 50 83.33%

Extended
Family 7 11.66%

Total 60 100%
 EXTENDED FAMILY 7 11.66%

JOINT FAMILY 50 83.33%

NUCLEAR FAMILY 35.00%

5 15 25 35 45 55
NUCLEAR FAMILY JOINT FAMILY EXTENDED FAMILY
FRQUANCY 3 50 7
PERCENTAGE 5.00% 83.33% 11.66%

FRQUANCY PERCENTAGE
s

Figure 3: Distribution of Respondents by type of family

Table 3 and figure 3: Showed that distribution of respondent by type of family, most of responded to
83.33% belonged to joint family, and 11.66% are responded to extended family. And other 5% are
responded to nuclear family.

Table 4: Distribution of Respondents by Number of siblings

N=60

Variables Category Frequency Percentage

ONE 5 8.33%

NUMBER OF SIBLINGS TWO 16 26.66%

THREE 28 46.66%

FOUR OR MORE 11 18.33%

Total 60 100%
 11; 18% 5; 8%

16; 27%

28; 47%

ONE TWO THREE FOUR OR MORE

Figure 4: Distribution of Respondents by Number of siblings

Table 4 and figure 4: Revealed that distribution of respondent by number of siblings most are responded
to 47% to belong three, and 27% are responded to two, 18% responded to a four or more, and then 8%
responded to one sibling.

Table 5: Distribution of Respondents byReligion

N=60

Variables Category Frequency Percentage

HINDU 52 86.66%

RELIGION MUSLIM 4 6.66%

CHRISTIAN 0 0%

ANY OTHER 4 6.66%

Total 60 100 %
 Fi
gure5: Distribution of Respondents by Religions

Table 5 and figure 5: Depictedthat distribution of respondent by religionsmost of responded to

86.66% that belonged to Hindu, than6.66% are responded to Muslim, and 6.66% are responded to any
other. 0% respond to Christian.

Table 6: Distribution of Respondents by Medium of higher secondary

N=60

Variables Category Frequency Percentage

MEDIUM OF ENGLISH 3 5%
HIGHER
GUJRATI 56 93.33%
SECONDARY
HINDI 1 1.66%

Total 60 100%
 Chart Title
FRQUANCY PERCENTAGE

93.33%

56

5.00%
3 1.66%
1

ENGLISH GUJRATI HINDI

Figure 6: Distribution of Respondents by Medium of higher secondary

Table 6 and figure 6: Projected that distribution of respondent by medium of higher secondary most of
the respondent 93.33% which are belonged Gujarati, than 5% belonged to the English, than 1.66%
belonged to the Hindi.

Table 7: Distribution of Respondents by Previous Information Regarding Mental Illness

N=60

Variables Category Frequency Percentage

YES 32 53.33%
PREVIOUS INFORMATION
REGARDING MENTAL ILLNESS
NO 28 46.66%

Total 60 100%
 YES NO
33

32
32

31

30

29

28
28

27

26
FRQUANCY

Figure 7: Distribution of Respondents by Previous Information Regarding Mental Illness

Table 7 and figure 7: Showed that distribution of respondent by previous information’s, most of
responded to 53.33% belonged to Yes, and 46.66% are responded to No.

Section B

Analysis and Interpretation of the pre test and post test knowledge score of the samples.

Pre-test Score Post-test score Calculated T Value Tabulated T Value

Table:8 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION FOR ASSOCIATION OF PRE-TEST
KNOWLEDGE SCOREWITH SELECTED DEMOGRAPHICAL DATA OF LATE
ADOLESCENT.

Table: Association of age of sample with pre-test knowledge score.

EDUCATION POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE CalculatedVal TabulatedVa

SCORE ue Of 2 lue Of Χ2
Χ
Good Averag Poor Total
(17-25) e (1-8)
(9-16)
no formal education
28
0 0
28
primary education
21 0 0 21
secondary education
11 0 0 11
higher secondary 0 21.03
education 0 0 0 00
TOTAL 60
60 0 0
*Significantat21.03evel,df(3)

Table indicates that in the educational status of mother, there is 28 sample were having Good post-test
knowledge score regarding prevention of mental illness, 0 samples were having average post-test
knowledge score, 0 samples were having poor Post test knowledge score. In primary education, 21
samples were having good Post-test knowledge score, 0 samples were having average post-test
knowledge score and o samples were having poor post-test knowledge score. In the secondary education,
11 samples were having good post-test knowledge score, 0 samples were having average Post-test
knowledge score,0 Samples were having poor post-test knowledge score.In the higher secondary no
sample were having good post-test knowledge score, no samples were having average post-test knowledge
score and no Samples were having poor post-test knowledge score.
Thus the above Table indicates that calculated value of Chi Square 0 was less than tabulated value of
ChiSquare 21.03 so it was statistically non-significant at 0.05 level of significance. So, there is no any
association between age group and post-test knowledge score.
Table: 9 Association of education with pre-test knowledge score.
EDUCATION P0ST-TEST Calculated Tabulated
KNOWLEDGE SCORE ValueOf 2 ValueOf 2
Χ Χ
Good Averag Poor Total
(17- e
25) (9-16) (1-8)
no formal education
1 0 09
08

primary education
23 0 0 23
secondary education
23 0 0 23 56.27 21.03

higher secondary
education 05 0 0 05
Total
59 01 0 60

Significant at 0.05 level, df (3)

Table indicates that in the educational status of father, no formal education 08 sample were having
Good post-test knowledge score, 01 samples were having average post-test knowledge score, where as no
sample having poor Post-test knowledge score. In the primary education of , 23 samples were having
good Post-test knowledge score, no samples were having average whereas no sample were having poor
Post-test knowledge score. In the secondary education, 23 sample were having good Post-test knowledge
score, no samples having average Post-test knowledge score, whereas no sample having poor Post-test
knowledge score. In the higher secondary education, 05 sample were having good Post-test knowledge
score, 0 sample having average Post-test knowledge score, whereas no sample having poor Post-test
knowledge score. Thus, the above Table indicates that calculated value of ChiSquare 56.27 was more
than tabulated value of ChiSquare 21.03.So,it was statistically not significantat 0.05 level of significance
.So, there is association between education and Post-test knowledge score.
Table: Association of type of family of sample with pre-test knowledge score.

POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE CalculatedVa TabulatedV

Type of SCORE lueOf 2 alueOfΧ2
family Χ
Good(17 Average (9- Good (1- Total
-25) 16) 8)

0
03 01 04
Nuclear
joint
0 15.935 16.92
49 0 49
Extended 07 0 0 07

Total 59 01 0 60

*Significantat0.05level,df (2)
Table indicates that in the types of family in nuclear family 03 sampes are having good post-test
score, 01 Samples were having average Post-test knowledge score, no samples were having poor Post-
test knowledge scor. In the Joint family 49 Samples were having good Post-test knowledge score, no
samples were having average Post-test knowledge score whereas no samples were having poor post-test
knowledge score.
Thus, the above Table indicates that calculated value of Chi Square 15.935 was less than tabulated
value of ChiSquare16.92, so it was statistically significantat 0.05 level of significance. So, there is no
association between types of family and prevention of mental illness and Post-test knowledge score.
Table: Association of number of sibling of sample with pre-test knowledge score.

PRE-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE CalculatedV Tabulated

Number of Poor Average Good alueOf 2 ValueOfΧ2
Χ
sibling (1-8) (9-16) (17-25) Total
One
01 0 08
07

Two 14 0 0 14
6.774 21.03
Three 0
28 0 28
Four & 0
more 10 0 10
Total 01
59 0 60

*Significantat0.05level,df (2)

Table indicates that the Number of sibling, in One number of siblings 07 Samples were having good
Post-test knowledge score, 01 samples were having average Post-test knowledge score, where as no
samples were having poor Post-test knowledge score. In the two number of siblings, 14 Samples were
having good post-test knowledge score, no samples were having average post-test knowledge score
where as no samples were having poor Post-test knowledge score. In the number of three siblings, 28
samples were having good Post-test knowledge score, no samples were having average Post-test where
as no samples having poor Post-test knowledge score.
Thus, the above Table indicates that calculated value of Chi Square 6.774 was less than tabulated
value of ChiSquare 21.03 so it was statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. So, there is no
association between food habit and Post-test knowledge score.
Table: Association of religion of sample with pre-test knowledge score.

PRE-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE CalculatedVal TabulatedVa

Religion Poor Average Good ueOf 2 lueOfΧ2
Χ
(1-8) (9-16) (17-25) Total
Hindu
01 0 51
50

Muslim
04 0 0 04 8.984 21.03
Christian
04 01 0 05
Anyother 0 0 0 0

Total
58 02 0 60

*Significantat0.05level,df (3)

Table indicates that the type of family Religion of family in Hindu religion, 50 samples are
having good post test knowledge score.01 averge Post-test knowledge score, no samples were having
poor Post-test knowledge score. In the Muslim religion, 04 Samples were having good Post-test
knowledge score, no samples were having averge Post-test knowledge score whereas no samples were
having poor Post-test knowledge score. In the Christian religion 04 sample were having good Post-test
knowledge score, only 01 samples were having average Post-test knowledge score where as no sample
having poor Post-test knowledge score.In any other there is no samples of good, average and poor post
test knowledge.
Thus, the above Table indicates that calculated value of Chi Square 8.984 was less than tabulated
value of ChiSquare 21.03 so it was statistically significant 0.05 level of significance. So, there is no
association between type religion of family and Post-test knowledge score.
Table: Association of medium of higher secondary of sample with pre-test knowledge score.

Medium of PRE-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE CalculatedV TabulatedV

higher Poor Average Good alueOf 2 alueOfΧ2
Χ
secondary (1-8) (9-16) (17-25) Total
English
01 0 5
04

Gujarati
55 0 0 55

Hindu
90.11 11.49
00 00 0 00

Total
59 01 0 60

*Significantat0.05level,df (2)

Table indicates that the medium of family, in English medium 04 samples are having good post test
score. 01 sample is having average post test score. No sample is in poor post test knowledge. In gujrati 56 sample
is having good Post-test knowledge score, no samples are there of average and poor post test score. In
Hindi medium no samples were having good,average and poor post-test knowledge score .
Thus, the above Table indicates that calculated value of Chi Square 90.11 was more than tabulated
value of ChiSquare 12.59 so it was statistically non significant 0.05 level of significance. So, there is
association between medium of family and Post-test knowledge score
Table: Association of previous information of sample with pre-test knowledge score.

Previous POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE CalculatedV TabulatedV

information alueOfΧ2 alueOfΧ2
Good Average Poor
(1-8) Total
(17-25) (9-16)

Yes

57 0 0 57

No 02 01 19.316 12.59

0 3

Total 59 01 0 60

*Significantat0.05level,df (1)

Table indicates that the information of mental illness, Thirty two samples are having information of mental
illness,57 samples were having good post test knowledge score, no samples were having average and poor post test
knowledge score., twenty eight are not having information about mental illness, in that 02 samples were
having good Post-test knowledge score where only 01 sample were having average Post-test knowledge
score, no samples were having poor post-test knowledge score.
Thus, the above Table indicates that calculated value of Chi Square19.316 was more than
tabulated value of ChiSquare 12.59 so it was statistically significantat 0.05 level of significance. So,
there is association between information about mental illness and Post-test knowledge score