7

ENGLISH
Learner’s Material
Quarter 1– Module 1
+
ANALOGY TO SHOW
RELATIONSHIPS OF WORDS

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

English – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Quarter – Module 1: Analogy to Show Relationships of Words
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Necitas C. Panugan
Nedh Ella L. Erojo
Lorina C. Maghuyop
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 7
English
Learner’s Material
First Quarter – Module 1
Analogy to Show
Relationships of Words

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders
to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the English 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 1

Analogy to show relationship of words.
This module presents varied learning activities that help you
understand the relationship of words and how they fit together, give you
practice in making connections while recognizing recently acquired
vocabulary, reinforce your critical thinking skills and conceptual
understanding; thus, improve not only your vocabulary skills but also your
reading comprehension and verbal reasoning abilities.
This is designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
 What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be

given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use your English notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the directions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do

not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ---------------- 1

What I Know ---------------- 2

Lesson 1 ---------------- 4

What’s In ---------------- 4

What’s New ---------------- 5

What is It ---------------- 8

What’s More ---------------- 12

What I Have Learned ---------------- 14

What I Can Do ---------------- 15

Assessment ---------------- 16

Additional Activities ---------------- 18

Answer Key ---------------- 19

References ---------------- 20
 What I Need to Know

Analogy is a powerful tool which challenges and encourages you to

think critically. It is a strong device used to show connections and
comparisons between unlike things which highlight how they are alike
(Barbacena, 2010).
Oral language development lays the foundation for the skills in reading
and writing. These skills will be developed later as you progress through
school. Solid foundation in oral language will help you become a successful
reader and strong communicator. It also boosts your confidence and overall
sense of well-being.
After working on this module, you will be able to supply appropriate
terms to complete an analogous series of words or expressions; specifically,
you will be able to:

1. define analogy;
2. determine the relationship of a given set of words in analogy;
3. compare traits of characters in the story read using analogy; and
4. supply terms to complete analogous series of words based on sentence
form, analogous pair and figurative analogy.

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 What I Know

Before starting with this module, let us see what you already know
about analogy. Answer the questions below.

Directions: Read the statements carefully then write the letter of your choice
in your English notebook.

I.Analogy in sentence form: Choose the word that best completes each
analogy.

1. Bark is to Dog as Meow is to ________.

A. Bird B. Cat C. Pig
2. Banana is to Yellow as Makopa is to ______ .
A. Blue B. Orange C. Red
3. Ear is to Hear as Tongue is to ______.
A. Sight B. Smell C. Taste
4. Mango is a Fruit as Rose is a _______.
A. Flower B. Spicy C. Vegetable
5. School is to Students as Hospital is to _______.
A. Patients B. Priest C. Vendors

II. Analogous Pair: Choose the correct word to complete the idea.
6. hammer : nail :: comb : ______
A. feet B. hair C. hands
7. hot : oven :: cold : ______
A. karaoke B. refrigerator C. TV
8. scrub : wash :: sob : ______
A. cry B. sad C. tease
9. screen : ______ :: lens : camera
A. computer B. cord C. keyboard
10. ________: wrist :: belt : waist
A. arm B. bracelet C. hand

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III.Figurative Analogy: Identify the two things compared in the statement.

11. A good book is a friend.

A. good : book B. good : friend C. book : friend
12. Life is like a race.
A. life : race B. life : like C. like : race
13. She is as innocent as a baby.
A. she : innocent B. she : baby C. innocent : baby
14. Love is a game. There is a winner and a loser.
A. love : loser B. love : game C. love : winner
15. My children are my guiding stars.
A. children : guide B. children : guiding stars C. guide : stars

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Lesson
Analogy to Show Relationships of
1 Words

What’s In

Activity: Match Me!

Directions: Show relationship by matching column A with the picture in
column B. Write your answer in your English notebook.

A B
1. Covid -19 A.

2. farmer B.

3. tree C.

4. school D.

5. plaza E.

6.crowd F.

7.summer G.

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 By now, you should have noticed that analogy is all about relationship
of words or concepts and how they connect to each other.

What’s New

Activity: Let’s Converse!

Directions: Read the short dialogue between a saleslady and a costumer.
Then, take note of the relationship of the following pairs of words
lifted from the dialogue.

Good morning. How may I help you?

Good morning. I’m looking for an

elegant dress for a party.

What color do you like?

I don’t know. What colors do you have?

We have variety of colors.

How about blue?
I think it matches your eyes and your brown hair!

Okay. Please hand me a medium size.

Sure, here it is.

Can I try it on?

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Of course. The fitting room is there.
Does it fit?

Well, it is smaller than my fit.

Do you have a bigger one?

Only in red.
Would you like to try it on?

Yes, thank you.

It fits perfectly.

Yes, and it suits you well.

How much is it?

It’s 500 pesos.

I will buy this.

Here’s the money.

Please proceed to counter 3 for your payment, Ma’am.

Thank you.

You’re welcome.
Thanks for shopping here.
Goodbye.

Thank you and goodbye.

6
 Now, I have here some pairs of words lifted from the dialogue. Note the
relationship of each pair.

PAIR OF WORD RELATIONSHIP

eyes : face Part to Whole
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall Cause and Effect
saleslady : mall Person to Situation
little : small Synonym
elegant : unattractive Antonym
shopping mall : city Geography
morning : evening Time

These pairs show the different types of relationship in analogy.

What is It

This is good to know . . .

Analogy is a pair of terms that has common relationship. In most

cases, you will not only determine the common relationship between each pair
but you will also have to identify which term makes up each pair. Usually, you
are given two terms in the format A : B, which could be read as A related to B
(Barbacena, et. al., 2010).
Example:
(A) : (B)
kitchen : house - Kitchen and House are related since kitchen
is part of the house.
Writers use analogy to connect unfamiliar words or new ideas with
common and familiar objects. It functions as description or explanation of one
thing by examining its similarities and differences and forces the reader to
understand the connection between them. Using this technique, vocabulary
skills as well as speed in reading comprehension are enhanced.

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 Types of Relationships in Analogy

There are seven common types of relationships in analogy.

1. Part to Whole
A relationship in analogy in which one term is part of the other term.
Example:
eyes : face (The eyes are part of the face.)
2. Cause and Effect
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the result of the other
term.
Example:
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall
(She wanted to buy a dress so she went to the mall.)
3. Person to Situation
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the work place of the
other.
Example:
saleslady : mall (A saleslady works in a mall.)
4. Synonym
A relationship in analogy in which both terms have the same meaning.
Example:
little : small (Both terms mean the same.)
5. Antonym
A relationship in analogy in which the terms are opposite in meaning.
Example:
elegant : unattractive (The words have opposite meaning.)
6. Geography
A relationship in analogy in which one of the terms can be situated in
the other.
Example:
shopping mall : city (Shopping mall is found in the city.)
7. Time
A relationship in analogy in which both terms speak of time element.
Example:
morning : evening (Both indicate time.)

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 Now that you know the types of relationships in analogy, try to answer
these.

Activity: Connected To The Target !

Directions:
I. Determine the type of relationship expressed in the pair of words
given. Choose your answer from the box. Then, write your answer in
your English notebook.

Part to Whole Person to Situation Antonym

Synonym Geography Time Cause and Effect

1. Big : Small :: Full : Empty

Relationship: _________________
2. Leaves : Tree :: Sand : Sea
Relationship: _________________
3. Volcanic Eruption : Earthquake :: El Niño : Drought
Relationship: __________________
4. Luzon : Manila :: Mindanao : Davao
Relationship: __________________
5. Year : Month :: Week : Day
Relationship: __________________
6. Huge : Big :: Narrow : Slim
Relationship: __________________
7. Pilot : Airplane :: Priest : Church
Relationship: __________________
8. Page : Book :: Ink : Ballpen
Relationship: _________________
9. Tired : Sleep :: Hungry : Eat
Relationship: _________________
10. Teacher : School :: Doctor : Hospital
Relationship: __________________

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II. Complete the pair based on the type of relationship given.

1. Part to Whole
branch : _____ (A. forest B. root C. tree )

2. Cause and Effect

Virus : ____ (A. Covid - 19 B. Diarrhea C. Typhoid Fever)

3. Person to Situation
Police : _____ (A. barracks B. gasoline station C. police station)

4. Time
New Year : ____ (A. February B. January C. March)

5. Synonym
smile : ____ (A. joyful B. sad C. worried )

6. Antonym
hardworking : ____ (A. active B. industrious C. lazy)

7. Geography
Durian : ____ (A. Baguio B. Cebu C. Davao)

III. Complete the analogy by providing the correct pair of word from the
choices given. Write the answers in your English notebook.

1. dark : night :: strong : ____

A. fragile B. powerful C. weak
2. sheet : pad :: petal : ____
A. flower B. shrub C. tree
3. coward : brave :: loud : ____
A. calm B. quiet C. sharp
4. happy : laugh :: sad: ____
A. cry B. glad C. weep
5. student : school :: painter : ____
A. art gallery B. auditorium C. gymnasium
6. dawn : morning : twilight : ____
A. dusk B. sunrise C. sunset
7. Philippines : Asia :: Italy : ____
A. America B. Australia C. Europe
8. plus : add :: minus : ____
A. divide B. multiply C. subtract

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 What’s More

Activity: Comic Strips

Directions: This comic strips is taken from the story of Creation (Panayan
Version).

This act made Tungkung Langit very angry.

Sea breeze, I
Immediately, after his return from the trip, he called
command you to spy
his wife’s attention.
on my husband!
It is ungodly of you to act If you don’t like
like that! I am busy what I did, it is
imposing order over the better to part
confused world, I thought ways.
you trusted me!

Tungkung Langit deprived Alunsina’s power After so many years, Tungkung Langit
and drove her away. realized that life is empty without Alunsina.
Sometimes, he cried aloud. The people of
Forgive Me. You’re not If that’s what you want I Panay believed that rain on Earth are his tears.
worthy anymore to be my am willing to surrender
And when it thunders hard, the old folks also
goddess. I have to take all everything I have as
the powers you have. you pleased. Goodbye. assumed that it is his sobbing, calling for his
beloved Alunsina to come back.

(English Learner’s Material, 2017)

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 When analogies are used in myths, legends and short stories to
express comparison of two unlike things but share common property, it is
called Figurative Analogy. It comes in statement form.
Example:
The rain is Tungkung Langit’s tears and thunders are his
sobbing.
The writer compares Tungkung Langit’s tears to rain as he burst into
tears because of his heavy heart, in the same way when clouds are heavy,
they fall as rain; while the loudness of his cry is compared to the intensity of
thunder.

Activity: Let’s Compare!

Directions: Complete the statements that follow and reveal the traits of the
characters from the comic strip read. Choose the answer in the
box after each statement. Write your answer in your English
notebook.

1.Alunsina is a jealous wife. She doesn’t have ___________________.

A. care B. hope C. trust

2. Tungkung Langit is an erupting volcano when angry. He is___________.

A. irritable B. moody C. violent

3. Tungkung Langit wants order and peace in his place. He is a___________

leader.
A. concerned B. kind C. wise

4. The love of Tungkung Langit and Alunsina is weak. It is not ____________.

A. romantic B. strong C. sweet

5. Both are impatient because ________________.

A. they are hot-tempered.
B. they easily give up their love.
C. they did not find ways to fix their problem.

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Activity: You Can Do It !
Directions: Identify the things compared in the statement below.

1. Problems are just like spices in life.

A. spices and life B. problem and life C. problems and spices
2. He is as big as an elephant.
A. he and big B. he and elephant C. big and elephant
3. Her skin is like a snow.
A. her and skin B. her and snow C. skin and snow
4. The sun is a golden ball.
A. sun and ball B. golden and ball C. sun and golden ball
5. Her hair is as dark as the night.
A. hair and dark B. dark and night C. hair and night

What I Have Learned

Now, tell me what you have learned about analogies.

Activity: Let’s Sum Up!

Directions:
A. Check (√) the appropriate column that is true about analogy.
Statement Yes No
1. Analogy is a relationship of words or
concepts and how they connect to
each other.
2. Analogies are used in stories to
express comparison of two unlike
things that share common property.
3. Analogy makes understanding the
relationship of words difficult.
4. Analogy improves my vocabulary,
thus, sharpens my reading and writing
skills.
5. Analogy solely focuses on similarities
of words.

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 B. On the blanks provided, write 2 to 3 sentences summing up your
learning.

I learned that analogy _________________________________.

____________________________________________._________________
_______________________________.

What I Can Do

Activity: Mirror! Mirror!

Directions: Draw an object that you can compare yourself with. Using
figurative analogy, write a 5-sentence paragraph to explain the
comparison. Follow the model given. Use your English notebook.

Example:
I am as lovable as a flower because
_______________________________________.______________________
_________________________.____________________________________
______________________________._______________________________
_________________________.____________________________________.

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 Assessment

You are almost there! Let us check what you have learned about this topic.
Answer the questions given below by writing the letter of your answer in your
English notebook.

I. Complete the analogy of the given pair of words.

1. Maria Christina Falls : Lanao del Norte :: _______ : Misamis Occidental

A. Mt. Hibok-Hibok B. Mt. Kanlaon C. Mt. Malindang D. Mt.
Mayon
2. Road : ______ :: Net : Court
A. bar B. highway C. radar
3. Quick : slow :: youthful : _______
A. adult B. aged C. child
4. Chef : restaurant :: banker : _______
A. bakery B. bank C. mall
5. Shy : timid :: glossy : _______
A. rough B. sandy C. shiny
6. Second : minute :: _____ :: day
A. hour B. month C. week
7. Thirsty : drink :: _______ : eat
A. excited B. hungry C. sleepy

II. Look for the pair which expresses the same relationship as the given pair.
Choose your answer from the pairs given. Write your answer in your
English Notebook.

8. big : huge :: ___ : ___

A. fat : slim B. pleasant : attractive C. tidy : dirty
9. nurse : hospital :: ____ :: ____
A. Cebu : Sinulog B.s farmer : plow C. judge : courtroom
10. day : night :: ____ : ____
A. kitchen : knife B. month : year C. thirsty : drink
11. collar : shirt :: ____ : ____
A. church : Holy Water B. quite : silent C. zipper : jeans

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II. Read the short story and then complete the statements below. Choose
your answer from the words in the parenthesis.

Once upon a time in the Philippines,

there was an old woman with strange magical
qualities. The local villagers had noticed her
house seemed brighter at night even though
there was no electricity. According to rumors
some had even seen dwarfs helping the
mysterious and beautiful woman at night. No
one ever discovered the source of the
mysterious night time glow.

She lived in the forest on the outskirts of a fishing village and was
famous for her beautiful flowers. The fishermen would barter their treasured
catch for her flowers.

A young couple came to visit the village. They were haughty and
were not from around there. A proud pair that hated anything they thought
was ugly. They would make fun of anything they thought was ugly.

They were out exploring the village one day and came upon the old
woman in the forest. Since they found her ugly, they mocked her. After
making fun of her, the old woman asked them to leave but they refused.

To punish them, she said “Since you only like beautiful things, I will
turn you into the most beautiful insect.” She tapped them with her cane and
they became the first two butterflies.

Excerpt from English Learner’s Material,2017

12. The young couple mocked and made fun of the old woman. They are
______ (A. arrogant B. boastful C. respectful). Because of this, they
were turned into ______ (A. butterflies B. dragonflies C. fireflies).
13. The story teaches us to be kind as the _____ (A. old woman B. dwarf
C. fishermen) and to hate _____ ( A. cruelty B. humility C. modesty)
as shown by the couple.
14. The old woman’s house is surrounded with beautiful flowers so anyone
who comes would be _____ (A. happy B. surprised C. delighted).
15. Good work is always rewarded as ___(A. evil doing B. favorable deed
C. profitable work) is punished.

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 Additional Activities

Activity: Cut and Paste!

Instructions: Cut or draw pictures found at home or in your community .
Then, use them to form pairs to show the relationships of
analogy. Use your English notebook.

1. Part to whole

::

2. Cause and Effect

::

3. Person to Situation

::

4. Synonym

::

5. Antonym

::

6. Geography

::

7. Time

::

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