Republic of the Philippines

MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE

Diversion Road, San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Contact No. (078) 377 – 249
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
2nd SEMESTER, S.Y. 2022 -2023
FINALS COVERAGE

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

(The Start of Filipino Armed Struggle)

INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL NO.: 08

NAME OF STUDENT: ___________________________________________________

YEAR / SECTION: ______________________________________________________
DATE RECEIVED: ______________________________________________________

INSTRUCTOR: JINKY C. PASCO, LPT

This document is property of Maila Rosario College, any form of reproduction or

transmission, may it be in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited without written
permission.
 Republic of the Philippines
MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE
San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Diversion Road, San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Contact No. (078) 377 – 249

I. OVERVIEW

This chapter focuses on the creation of secret society initiated by Andres Bonifacio. It
discusses here the different challenges they faced to gain independence. This lesson
also shows the internal conflict among the Filipino leaders which caused deeper scars
in the Philippine history.
In this connection, this module presents the Founding of Katipunan, Leaders of
Katipunan, Official Organ of the Society, and Death of the Supremo. Also, this module
contains learning activities which will be accomplished by the students as the teacher’s
way of assessing the student’s knowledge acquisition about the presented topics.

II.LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this learning module, the learners are expected to:

a. Appreciate the bravery and sacrifices of the Filipino leaders achieving Philippine
independence through revolution; and
b. Ignite the love of the youth today for the country by bringing up the history.

III.GUIDE QUESTIONS
For 2-5 minutes, ponder on the questions given below. Write your answer on a sheet of
paper.

1. How does the Armed Forces of the Philippines begin?

2.Why is it that the Armed Forces of the Philippines is so important?

IV.LESSON PROPER

Founding of Katipunan

The aims of the patriots to end up the three centuries colonization of the Spanish
government did not stop with the Propaganda Movement. When Jose Rizal was
arrested after three days of founding La Liga Filipina, Andres Bonifacio together with
other men organized a secret meeting on the night of July 7, 1892 in the house in
Azcaraga Street. The attendees of the meeting agreed to established a revolutionary
secret society Kataas taasang Kagalanggalangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
or simply known as Katipunan.

Leaders and Internal Conflicts in the Katipunan

Headed by Andres Bonifacio, the Katipunan had three objectives: political, civic and
moral. Political had something to do with the liberation of the Philippines from Spain;
Moral aimed at the teaching of good manners and right beliefs; and Civic aimed the
principle of helping oneself.

The founding of Katipunan marked the end of the peaceful means of asking for reforms
from the government. The Filipinos decided to achieve independence through a
revolutionary government.

New recruits to the secret society underwent a rigorous initiation process, similar to
Masonic practices. Through the organizational structure of the Katipunan was
constantly in flux. It is generally believed that they formed small branches, governed by
the sangguninag balangay, these small branches formed larger provincial councils. All
must be overseen/ supervised by the Supreme Council of the Katipunan. The legislative

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 Republic of the Philippines
MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE
San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Diversion Road, San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Contact No. (078) 377 – 249

body of the Katipunan was known as Katipunan Assembly. It was composed of the
member of the Supreme Council, along with the head of the popular and provincial
council. Katipunan had a “Secret Chamber” composed of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio
Jacinto and Dr. Pio Valenzuela.

The Katipunan was not just entirely for men, it was during Ramon Basa when the secret
society organized a women auxiliary section called La Semilla . The women or the
Katipuneras served as caretakers of the important documents. They also served as
distractions to the Spanish soldiers. If ever there were secret meetings, women usually
held parties in their home.

Kalayaan became the official organ of the society. Using pseudonyms, they were able
to expressed their love for the country through literary works which immediately
influenced the people from Central Luzon. The articles written by Jacinto and Bonifacio
awakened and reminded the people about their rights and responsibilities for the native
land. The official organ paved way to increase the members of the secret society from
300 to 3000.

The Katipunan discovered on August 19, 1896 when a member by the name Pedro
Patiño revealed the secret society. The Spanish government immediately took action to
arrest the Katipuneros. Bonifacio, Jacinto and other leaders managed to escape and
proceeded to Caloocan and other nearby towns.

In the middle of struggle of the katipuneros fighting for freedom, internal conflict aroused
in the organization. Katipunan in Cavite established two factions – Magdiwang led by
Gen. Mariano Alvarez and Magdalo led by Gen Baldomero Aguinaldo. They fighting the
same enemy but not helping one another. The Supremo visited the province to mediate
on the said conflict.

After settling the problems of the two factions, they proposed to the Supremo to
formalize their group and form a Revolutionary Government which had been approved
by the latter. However, the decision of Andres Bonifacio to Cavite and mediate was the
beginning of his downfall being the Supremo of Katipunan.

A captain from Kawit, Cavite Emilio Aguinaldo became the new leader of the revolution
replacing Andres Bonifacio. He was gradually rose to prominence because of his
triumphs in battles both in Cavite and Batangas.

The Tejeros Convention brought Andres Bonifacio in vain. The leaders agreed to elect
leaders of the Revolutionary Government and it was Emilio Aguinaldo who was elected
as President.

From the disagreement of Andres Bonifacio to the result of the convention and because
of the insult that he got from Aguinaldo’s men, the relationship of the two leaders broke
up.

Aguinaldo took his Oath of Office as the President of the first Philippine Revolutionary
Government. Upon receiving the charges against Bonifacio, he immediately sent his
men to arrest the Supremo.

On May 10, 1897, the Supremo and his brother Procorpio Bonifacio were executed by a
firing squad on Mt. Nagpatong. Some accounts said that Andres was hacked to death in
his Hammock and his brother was the one who was shot. He died at age of 34.

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 Republic of the Philippines
MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE
San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Diversion Road, San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Contact No. (078) 377 – 249

Death of the Supremo

While the Filipinos were belligerent from the tyranny of the Spaniards, they were also
struggling from each other. The conflict between the two leaders in Katipunan – Emilio
Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio brought death to the Supremo himself.

V.EVALUATION

Activity 1

Try to complete the information

below using the set of words
provided in the box
Directions: Identify what is being referred to each item. Write your answer on the space
provided.
___________1. He was the author of Fray Botod, a novel about an abusive friar.
___________2. He used pen names in his articles like Tikbalang, Kalipulako, and
Naning
__________3. A newspaper that was published on June 20, 1898 by Clemente Jose
Zulueta.
___________4. It was the newspaper founded by Gen. Antonio Luna and came out on
September 3, 1898.
___________5. The titles of the one of the articles of Rizal in Diariong Tagalog, that in
English means “Beloved Homeland.
___________6. He wrote the Constitution and by Laws of La Liga Filipina
___________7. It was the novel written by Dr. Jose Rizal which he dedicated to the
three martyr priests.
___________8. It was the official newspaper of Propaganda Movement.
___________9. He was the Governor General who ordered the arrest of Rizal.
___________10. He was the appointed President of the Asociacion Hispano – Filipina.

Activity 2

Directions: Answer the questions in your own understanding.

1. Do you believe about the charges that they made to Andres Bonifacio? Explain.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

2. Compared the Katipunan and the Propaganda Movement.

__________________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

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 Republic of the Philippines
MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE
San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Diversion Road, San Gabriel Village, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan North
Contact No. (078) 377 – 249

Rubric
Validity of Answer 5 pts.
Conventions (spelling, grammar, punctuations) 3 pts.
Related Examples 2 pts.
TOTAL 10 pts.

REFERENCES

 Palado, D.,et.al.,(2018) Readings in Philippine History, Muntinlupa City.

Panday – Lahi Publishing House, Inc. (65-73)

Compiled by:
Checked by:

Jinky C. Pasco, LPT Romeo M. Pascua Ph.D

Gen. Ed Instructor OIC- Coordinator, CTE
Department

Approved by:

Romeo M. Pascua Ph.D

Vice – President for Academic Affairs

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