Declaration of Philippine

Independence: Biak na Bato Pact

and the road to 1898
Independence
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 SHORT RECAP
• AGUINALDO BECAME THE PRESIDENT OF
THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT

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Biak na
Bato
• Republic
With the arrival of additional troops from Spain, Aguinaldo’s forces
suffered successive defeats in several towns in Cavite.
• They moved northward until they finally reached the Biak-na-Bato.
In this town they established the what we known as the REPUBLIC
OF BIAK-NA-BATO with constitution drafted by Artacho and Felix
Ferrer and based on the constitution of Cuba.

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Truce of
Biak-na-
• Primo De Rivera wasBato
fully aware of the location of Aguinaldo’s
headquarters in Bulacan.
• Primo De Rivera- offered peace to revolutionary government
• Pedro Paterno- a lawyer, volunteered as negotiator between the
parties.

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Documents agenda
According to books

1. Aguinaldo and his forces must leave the Philippines and live in
another country as exiles, never return.
2. The Filipino forces should surrender their arms.
3. The Spanish government should pay 800,000 pesos to paid in three
instalments;
a. 400,000 when Aguinaldo leaves the country b. 200,000 when the
arms surrendered by Filipinos exceed 700 c. 200,000 when the Te
Deum is sung in church and the governor general grants amnesty to the
rebels.

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Documents agenda
According to books

4. The Spanish government should pay 900,000 pesos to the families

who did not participate in the war but suffered from the war.

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Documents agenda
According to some
historians on internet

1. Ouster of friars and removal of Friar lands.

2. Representation of Filipinos in Spanish Cortes

3. Freedom of Press and Religion
4. Abolishment of Exile as Punishment
5. Equality for all
6. 800,000 Mexican pesos
7. The Spaniards will allow to rule the Filipinos after 3 years. In return,
Aguinaldo must agree to surrender and exile in abroad

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Some information

• Pedro Paterno got 89,500 from this negotiaton

• Paciano got 450 while other got 20-500 pesos only
• Manuel Quezon says that Emilio Aguinaldo want all the money that
the Spaniard gave.

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QUESTION

DID AGUINALDO AGREE WITH THE PACT OF BIAK NA BATO?

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DECEMBER 1897- cease fire between Spaniards and Aguinaldo

DECEMBER 14-15 1897- After 4 months, the Truce of Biak na Bato was
Signed

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QUESTION

Did the Pact of Biak na Bato became

effective?

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Failure of Truce
of the Biak na
Bato

Even though Aguinaldo left the country, the war

continue between Filipinos and Spaniards.
Why?
Because they don’t have trust on each other and
the betrayal comes along.

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Failure of
•
Truce
Both parties have hidden agenda
a. Spaniards- the payment was intended to paralyze the revolutionary forces and
to have the Spanish government gain control of the entire archipelago.
b. Filipinos- the payment was used to purchase firearms in preparation for future
battles.
- Apolinario Mabini- continue to recruit

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QUESTION

What Aguinaldo did on the other country?

(HONGKONG)

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Aguinaldo have a plan because;

1. Lack of weapons
2. Many died in the war
3. Someone will saved them from
Hongkong (Hongkong Junta)

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Spanish-
American
War

• Spain and U.S relation becoming bad.

• February 09, 1898, New York published
the private letter of Spanish letter of
Minister to U.S describing U.S
President William Mckinley as a weak
politician.

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Spanish-
American
War

• The explosion of US NAVY WARSHIP

“Maine” in HavanaHarbor, Cuba
triggered the Spanish-American war.
• April 25, 1898- US Congress declare a
war.

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Aguinald
o’s
A dispatch boat named McCulloch arrived in Hongkong from Manila on
May 7, 1898 bringing the news of Dewey’s successful battle in Manila Bay.
Return
MAY 15 1898- the boat arrived again carrying the orders to bring
Aguinaldo to Philippines.
Aguinaldo left Hongkong on May 19 and arrived in Manila on May 19,
1898.

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Aguinald
On May 24, 1898, Aguinaldo was at the o’sverge of gaining control of the
entire archipelago.
Return
By June of 1898, the entire Island of Luzon except Manila and the port of
Cavite was under Filipino control.

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JUNE 12, 1898, between 4-5 in the afternoon in front of a

huge crowd at the ancestral home of Emilio Aguinaldo,
the PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE PROCLAIMED.

Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenzo Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza

made the flag in Hongkong.
Julian Felipe composed the national anthem entitled
“Marcha Filipina Magdalo” now called “Lupang Hinirang”
and played for the first time in San Francisco de Malabon
Band
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• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista- read the act of

declaration of independence in Spanish.
• There were 98 people who signed the
declaration and one of them was an American
soldier named L.M Johnson, Colonel of
Artillery.
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• WHITE TRIANGLE- Equality and fraternity.

Katipunan society embedded
• Blue- peace, truth and justice
• RED- Patriotism and valor.
• Sun- Gigantic strikes towards the civilization
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• Eight sun rays- First eight provinces of Manila

that the colonizers have put under martial
law.
• 3 stars- Luzon, Panay, Mindanao (where the
revolution starded)
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DID YOU
KNOW?
The flag commemorates the U.S FLAG because they were grateful to the
Americans “gratitude”

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TREATY
OF PARIS

• To formally end the Spanish-American

war, United States signed the TREATY OF
PARIS on December 10, 1898.

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TREATY
OF PARIS
• “Spain cedes to the U.S the archipelago known
as the Philippine Islands, on the condition that
the United States will pay to Spain the sum of
twenty million dollars within three months
after the exchange of the ratifications of
present treaty”

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TREATY
OF PARIS
• Andre Carnegie, an industrialist and steel
magnate, offered to buy Philippines for 20
million dollars and give it to the Filipinos so
that they could be free from United States.

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MALOLO
Malolos Bulacan served as the Capital ofS
the Philippines from 1898-1899

CONGRE
SS

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MALOLO
• September 1898, the MOCK BATTLE in S MANILA was staged. This lead
to end the Spanish-American war.
• CONGRE
The americans already arrived and the Spanish surrendered to them
in a fake battle.
• SS
Aguinaldo hope that Americans would hand Manila over to him when
he gain control over it.

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MALOLO
S
•
CONGRE
Filipino forces arrived at Intramuros and wanted to enter. After all,
the Americans promised that if they successfully took Intramuros
SS
(from soanish) they would hand it over to Filipinos, and they would
support our independence.

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MALOLO
S
•
CONGRE
When the Americans refused to give up the capital city of Manila,
Aguinaldo was taken aback and said “Let’s look for a place that’s
SS
nearand be protected or guarded. We’ll hold there our Congress to
establish oiur new government”
• what place did they choose?

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MALOLO
S
CONGRE
• They chose Malolos.

• SS
Gen. Emilio Aguinado called for an assembly that task to draft the
Constitution
• September 15, 1898- The Malolos Congress was opened and held in
Barasoain Church that omposed of 136 members.

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Some of
important act of
Malolos Congress
• The ratification of the Proclamation of Independence.

• Drafting the constitution which became the basis for the formation of
the First Philippine Republic.

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MALOLO
S
CONGRE
• The congress had many representative from
SSof the country
different provinces
• It was our way of showing the world that we
have democracy.

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MALOLO
S
CONGRE
• After the Constitution was drafted, the first
SS republic in Asia was
constitutional democratic
recognized.
• September 15 1898- The Malolos Congress is convened
• January 23, 1899- The first Philippine Republic is
established in Malolos

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MALOLO
S
CONSTIT
• January 21, 1899, The Malolos Congress
UTION
promulgated the Malolos Constitution. Salient
features of the constitution were as follows.

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MALOLO
S
CONSTIT
• 1. Ideals of a popular, representative, and responsible
UTION
democratic governmentwith three distinct branches:
the executive, legislative, and the judicial.
• 2. Bill of Rights that guarantees the rights of the people.
• 3. The Assembly of Representatives composed of
members elected was mandatedby law to act as
lawmaking body.

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MALOLO
S
CONSTIT
• 4. The Assembly of Representatives will elect the
UTION
President of the Republic.
• 5. A Permanent Commission was created to function as
a lawmaking body whenCongress was not in session.
• 6. Executive power is vested to the President of the
Republic.

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MALOLO
S
CONSTIT
• 7. The cabinet members who were appointed by the
UTION
President are not liable to him but to the Assembly.
• 8. Judicial power is vested to judicial and inferior courts.
• 9. The Assembly with the concurrence of the President
and the Cabinet was mandated by law to elect the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court.

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MALOLO
S
CONSTIT
• What is the importance of Malolos
UTION
Congress?

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MALOLO
S
CONSTIT
• Because of the Malolos Congress, we had a constitution
UTION
• Because of Constitution, we had the First Philippine
Republic
• It showed that we Filipinos could take care of and
govern ourselves as an independent nation.

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MALOLO
S
CONSTIT
• It also showed that even then, we Filipinos were
committed toUTION
following the law. We were committed
to make laws and abide by them as shown by those
who had founded our nation
• In short, following the law, which our heroes advocated,
was a way to show love. Love for others and love for
our country.

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SITE OF THE FIRST MASS: LIMASAWA
OR MASAO?

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What happened at the first mass?

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 This was held on March 31, 1521
This is for the celebration for Eastern Sunday
and the priest was Father Pedro de Valderrama
This was held on the seashore and they say
that this gave the signal to Catholicism in our
country
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Rajah Siagu and Rajah Kolambu agreed to a
blood pact with Magelllan.
As a sign of gratitude, Magellan gave us a cross
made by wood.
They placed it on top of a mountain that can
overlook the ocean.
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 LIMASAWA CLAIM

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 1ST ACCOUNT

Francisco Albo- one of the 18 survivors in going

back to Spain

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 1ST ACCOUNT

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 1ST ACCOUNT

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 1ST ACCOUNT

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 1ST ACCOUNT

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 1ST ACCOUNT

From that island they sailed westward towards

a large island names Seilani that was inhabited
and was known to have gold. (Seilani or as
Pigafetta calls it Ceylon- was the island of
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 1ST ACCOUNT

Sailing southwards along the coast of that large

island of Seilani, they turned southwest to a
small island call MAZAVA. That island is also at
a latitude of 9 and two thirds degrees North
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 Francisco Albo- he said that “they planted a
cross placed it on top of a mountain that can
overlook the ocean.
cross
They sailed south bound passing the Leyte
coast and Limasawa on March 28, 1521
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 2nd account Antonio Pigafetta

They left Homonhon sailing westward towards Leyte,

then followed the Leyte coast soutward passing between
the island of Hibuson on their portside and Hiunangan
Bay on their starboard, and then continued southward,
then turning westward to “Mazaua”
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 2nd account Antonio Pigafetta

Thursday, March 28 in the morning of Holy Thursday, they

anchored off an island where the previous night they had seen a
light or a bonfire. That island lies in a latitude of nine and two
thirds towards arctic pole and in a longitude of 126 degrees from
the line of demarcation. It is twenty five leagues from the
Acquada and it is called MAZAUA
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 2nd account Antonio Pigafetta
Sunday, March 31 “Early in the morning of Sunday, the last of March and
Easter day." Magelan sent the priest ashore with some men to prepare for
the Mass are in the morning Magellan landed with some fifty men and
Mass was celebrated, after which a cross was venerated. Magellan and
the Spaniards returned to the ship for the noon-day meal, FRE e afternoon
they returned ashore to plant the cross on the summit of the highest hill.
In attendance both at the Mass and at the ng of the cross were the king of
Mazaua and the king of Buruan.
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 MASAO CLAIM

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 The popular belief before was held on Masao
(Butuan) because this is written in the traditions of
the catholic church that the First mass was held on
Masao.

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 Since the catholic believed that the First Mass was
held in Butuan, they put a landmark (krus, market)
and it is located at the town of Magallanes near the
Butuan City.

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 MASAO CLAIM

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 They saw a boat and they believed that the old
Filipinos used this to transport the local for worship
purposes. (Balanghay boats 1976)

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 Jesuit priest Miguel A. Bernad in his work Butuan or
Limasawa: The Site of the First Mass in the Philippines: A
Reexamination of Evidence (1981) lays down the
argument that in the Pigafetta account, a crucial aspect
of Butuan was not mentioned--the river.
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 Agusan River. The beach of Masao is in the delta of said river. It
is a curious omission in the account of the river, which makes
part of a distinct characteristic of Butuan's geography that
seemed to be too important to be missed.

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 National Historical Commission

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REPUBLIC ACT No. 2733
An Act to Declare the Site in Magallanes, Limasawa Island in
the Province of Leyte, Where the First Mass in the Philippines
was Held as a National Shrine, to Provide for the Preservation
of Historical Monuments and Landmarks Thereat, and for
Other Purposes
Approved: June 19, 1960.

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2021- they celebrated the first mass in line with the
Quincentennial 500 years of Catholism

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