TEST CODE 02107020

FORM TP 2022171 2022

MAY/JUNE
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION@

BIOLOGY

UNIT 1 - Paper 02

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of THREE questions. Answer ALL questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions.

5. You are advised to take some time to read through the paper and plan your answers.

6. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

7. If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright 0 2020 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

02107020/MJ/CAPE 2022
0210702003
I Ill IIIIl Ill IlIll IllIl Ill Il Ill Il Il Ill IllIl Ill Il Il Ill III Ill I
 Module 1 Cell and Molecular Biology

root.
(a) Figure I shows a light Illicrograph of a cross section through a dicot

geo-e.

Figure 1. Diagram showing vascular arrangement of dicot root

Source: https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/78322()/view

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In the space provided, construct a plan diagram (o show at least the FOUR major
tissues labelled W, X, Y onclZ in the light nnicrogt•aphin Figure l,

[5 marksl

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0210702005
o.
 Y and Z in Figure I on
labelled W, X,
the structures
(ii) state the function of

[4 marks]

considered an organ.
root of a plant is
(iii) Explain why the dicotyledenous

[3 marks]

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0210? 02006
 (b) (i) Outline the basis of the enclosyjnbiont theory.

12marks]

(ii) Complete the table below by indicating whether the following features are
present, absent or sometimes present in a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell.

Feature Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell

Plasmid

Mitochondria

Nuclear envelope

Ribosome

[4 marks]

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 protein's structure. Enzymes
dcpcndcnt on the
in body is Figure 2 shows how enzyme actionis
(e) he protein within cell, substrate concentration.
that out the concentration and
by such pH,
Tcmpcrnture

50 60 70
10 20 30 40
8 10 12 14
Temperature CC)

Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
3 x substrate
2x enzyme
2 x substrate
Ix enzyme
1 x substrate

No enzyme

8 10 12 14 10 12 14

Time Time

Figure 2. Effectof varying factors on enzyme activity

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I IlIIIlI I IlI IlI I I III IlI I IlI IlII III I Il Il II
IIlI I II II IlII I I
 Explain the innpact ol' the 10110wingfactors on enzyme action using the information
provided in Figure 2.
pH

Temperature

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o z 10702009
 Enzynne concentration

Substrate concentration

112marks]

Total 30 marks

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Module 2 — Genetics, Variation and Natural Selection

2. (a) The cell cycle consists of two phases, interphase and mitosis. Figure 3 shows two
of the phases in mitosis. In the appropriate spaces provided in Figure 3, make
detailed sketches to illustrate the TWO key stages of mitosis in the cell that are
NOT shown.

Stage I (Prophase)
stage 11

stage 111
stage IV
Figure 3. Diagram showing
the stages of mitosis
[2 marks]
(ii) State the name of the missing
stages.
Stage Il

Stage Ill .

Stage IV

13marks)

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(iii) Explain how the process of' l)iitosis ensures that cach daughter nucleus receives a
Cullset ol' clu•otnosonocs.

[3 marks]
(b) (i) Define the term 'natural selection'.

[2 marks]
List THREE of Darwin's observations concerning natural selection.

[3 marksl
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 the hypothesis that male
expcrinnentsto test
(c) In 1970, biologist John Encllet•did selection. Guppies
different Streams
from
colourntion in guppies evolves through natuctll coloured spots per male
The number of
placed together in one at•tificinl
pond.
population in the pond was able to
was 1(), The
recorded at the start of the experitnent reproductive cycles.
reproduce several tinnesas guppies have nujny
THREE separate
population was divided and placed into
Aller six tnonths, the original the bodies of a sample ofmales
ponds, A, B and C, The mean of coloured spots on
Six individuals of a predator that docs not prey on guppies
was recorded for each pond. was added to Pond C'.
predator of guppies
wete added to Pond B. A voracious
recorded
of a sample of males was
The nnean nutnber of coloured spots on the bodies after 2() months (14 months after
and
after Il months (five months after the separation)
mean number of spots per male recorded
the separation). Table I shows the results of the
for the three ponds during the experiments.
ON A MALE GUPPY
TABLE 1: MEAN NUMBER OF SPOTS
IN THREE DIFFERENT PONDS

per Male
Mean Number of Colored Spots
Time (Months) Pond C
Pond A Pond B

11.8 11.8
6 11.8

12 13.8 10.5
11

13 9.5
20 13

mod/oucontent/
Source: Data adaptedfrom hitps://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw
view.p?printable=l&id=2128

(i) On the grid provided on page 15, plot a line graph to represent the data in Tablel
for Pond A, Pond B and Pond C. [5 marks]

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(ii) Using the infornmtion given on page 14, discuss how the results of John Endler's
experitnent, as it relates to variation in the number of spots in male guppies, may
support TI-IREEof Darwin's deductions regarding natural selection.

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Module 3 Reproductive Biology

the ideal glucose concentration for

3. (a) A student sets up an expet•ilnentto determine
by tneasut•ingthe percentage germination of pollen grains of impatiens.
gernlination set-up. Each petri dish contains
Figure 4 shows an illustration of the experimental of a glucose solution.
concentrations
different numbers of pollen grains with varying

0.02% glucose 0.2% glucose

0% glucose 0.002%
glucose

Figure 4. Illustration of experiment set-up

State a suitable hypothesis for this experiment.

12marks]

(ii) State ONE possible source of error in the experiment.

[1 mark]

(iii) State ONE change in the experiment that could have overcome the error stated in
(a) (ii).

[1 mark]
(iv) Identify ONE responding variable in the experiment.

Il markl

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(b) State the function of the following structures in the anther of a stamen.
(i) Epidermis

Il mark]
Tapetum

Il mark]
(iii) Pollen mother cells

[1 mark]
(iv) Starting from the pollen mother cell, outline the steps in pollen grain formation.

[3 marksl

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enlbryo sac of a flower.

(v) Explain the significance of double fertilizationin the

[3 marks]

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(c) Figure 5 is a now chart

which shows the relationship among the hormones GnRH, LH,
FSI-I,testosterone and
inhibin in the process of spermatogenesis in the human male.

Ilypothnlamus

GnR11

Anterior lobc
of pituitary gland

FSH

Sertoli cells of Leydig cells of

testis testis

Inhibin %%••Testosterone
Spermatogenesis

Figure 5. Flow chart of hormonal control of spermatogenesis

Using the information given in the flow chart, outline how the body controls
spermatogenesis in the human male.

14marksl

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(d) There is increasing evidence that n mother's behaviour during pregnancy affects the
developtnent oc the Coetusand can cause long-term health consequences for the child.
Figure 6 shows the predicted effects of Inaternal smoking on birth weight based on a
population study in British Colonlbia between 2001 and 2006.

3500
3450
3400
3350
3300
3250
.E 3200

3150
3100
o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Cigarettes per day

Figure 6. Graph showing predicted effects of maternal smoking during

pregnancy on foetal birth weight
Adaptedfrom Anders Erickson, Aleck Ostry, Laurie Chan and Laura Arbour. (2016).
"Air Pollution, Neighbourhood and Maternal-level Factors Modify
the Effect of Smoking on Birth Weight:A MultilevelAnalysis in British Columbia, Canada.
BMCPublic Health. 16. 10.1186/s12889-016-3273-9.
(i) Using the information from Figure 6, discuss the effects of maternal smoking on
foetal development. You must refer to Figure 6 in your discussion.

[4 marks]
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(ii) A pregnant wotnan visits an antenatal

clinic and is advised by the physician that
as a result of her lifestyle the baby is
at high risk of having a low birth weight.
The physician strongly recommends that she makes lifestyle changes that can
prevent this outcome.

Discuss how TWO maternal behaviours, other than smoking may contribute to
low birth weight. You must include ONE lifestyle change that the physician may
recommend for EACH maternal behaviour discussed.

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