‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬٣٥E٨F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬

٨ ٨ 

 ٥٦ ٥٦  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
٤٨ ٤٨ 
 ١٣٦ ١٣٦   
 
 ٣٢ ٣٢ 
 
٢٨٠ ٢٧٢ ٨ ‫א‬

٣٥E٨F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬

٨ ٨ 
٨ ٨ 

٨٠ ٨٠ 
‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٤٤ ١٤٤   

 
 ٤٠ ٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 

٢٨٠ ٢٦٤ ١٦ ‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬٣٥E٨F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬

٨ ٨ 

٨ ٨ 

١٣٦ ١٣٦ 

‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٠ ٤٠ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٨ ٨٨  ‫א‬

٢٨٠ ٢٦٤ ١٦ ‫א‬

 E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF

 ?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬٢١٠

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٥٦ D3,D6,A11,A14  ‫א‬ ١
 ١٢٨ A1,B3,B4,B5,B6   ٢
C2,C5,D4,D7
A1-A16,B1-B6,D1-
 ٤١٦ D6,D11,D14,F1-F7,F11,F14,C1-   ٣
C6,E1-E6,G3
 ٨٨ A1,A2,A3,A4,A12,B6,D3,C5   ٤
 
 ٣٢  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
 
 
 ٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
 
 
 ٤٠ B6,C4,C5,E3,E6 ٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٨٠٠  ‫א‬‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤ ٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬


‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

٧

ELF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥


٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥٦  ‫א‬‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
D3, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬
A11,  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
A14,
 D6 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٨
‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬J
D3, K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
A11, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
A14,
 D6    ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J
 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
D3, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J
A11,  K‫א‬‫א‬  ٦
 KE  F
A14,
 D6 ‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 KEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K  ‫א‬
N‫א‬‫א‬J   PN‫א‬J
D3, P‫א‬  PN‫א‬J
A11,  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A14, PN‫א‬J
 D6  K
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٦
‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J
 D6  ‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
D3,  W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
A11,
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬J
A14,

٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D6
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J
D3,  KJ  K‫א‬‫א‬
 D6
 K‫א‬‫א‬J  ‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
D3,  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
D6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢
D3, J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
D6 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤ ٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
١٠ ٦

ELF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
WINDOWS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬ K١٠
‫א‬ K١١
HELP‫א‬‫ א‬K١٢
‫א‬‫ א‬K١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤

٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢  ‫א‬
 ١٤  ‫א‬
 ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٨  ‫א‬‫א‬

١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ ٦
A1
 ‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ • ‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫ א‬o
A1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ ٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫• א‬  ‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 •  o
A1,B3 ‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬ o ٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ •  ‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ •

١١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •

A1,B3
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
A1,B3 ‫א‬
 •
‫א‬
 •
‫א‬

‫א‬ •
١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬
‫א‬
  o
٦

‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ o
E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬ o  ٦
‫א‬
 o
‫א‬
   o
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 •
 •
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
A1,B3
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
A1,B3 ‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 o
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫ א‬o
 o
 o
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o  ١٢
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
 o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
  o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
A1,B3

‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
A1,B3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
B4,  •
B6,C2,
 •
D4, D7
‫א‬ •
‫א‬
١٤
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o

‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٢٠
 o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
 •
 •
 •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬
‫• א‬
 •

 •
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫• א‬
 •
‫א‬ •
C5 MS-DOS •
‫• א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
B4, ‫א‬ •
B6,C2,
D4, D7 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
True Type •
١٥
‫ א‬o
 o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
 o
 o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬
 o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o  ٥
 o
‫א‬ o
MS-DOS o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ٥
 o
 True Type o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ •  
 ‫א‬‫ א‬o
B4, ‫א‬‫• א‬  
B6,C2,  ٥
D4, D7  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ • ‫ א‬o
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬ o
  o
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
B4, ‫א‬com‫א‬ • ‫ א‬o
B6,C2,  ١٠
D4, D7 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫• א‬ COM‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  ISDN‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ISDN

١٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬ •
‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

B4,
B6,C2, ‫א‬ •
D4, D7 
‫א‬
AT •


 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
B4, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
B6,C2, ‫א‬‫• א‬
D4, D7 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
١٧
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬o
 o
 o
‫א‬ o
 o
 o
‫א‬‫ א‬o

AT‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o  ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬ o

‫א‬ o
AT o
 o

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o

‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o  ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ • ‫ א‬o
 • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬  o
 •  o
B4,
B6,C2,  ‫א‬‫א‬ o  ٥
D4, D7  • ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 o
‫א‬ o
 

١٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

٣ ٢ ١  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
١٧ ١٨ ١٧   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ELF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •

١٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BIOS‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KBIOS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •


 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢  ‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩  ‫א‬‫א‬

٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬
 ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬
 ٢٢ BIOS‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠  ‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤٤  ‫א‬
 ١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦  ‫א‬
 ١٦  ‫א‬
 ١٣٦  ‫א‬
 ٤١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬

٢١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦
‫ א‬J W‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J K‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ J
F1,F2,F3
,F4,  o
F5,F7  o
C3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
F11,A14
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
W‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦
‫א‬‫ א‬J K‫א‬‫א‬ o
A15,D4 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
A1,A4,A  ١٨
5, ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬o
A6,A13,  ‫א‬ K‫ א‬o
A14


٢٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨
‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬ o
A4,A5,A ‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
6,A13,A
 14 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
A4,A7,E ‫א‬‫א‬ J  ١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 1,F1
 K‫א‬ W o
 W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
 ٨
‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬‫א‬ o
A4,A8,E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W o
 4,F1
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
A9,E1,  ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ERAM , ROMF‫א‬‫א‬ o
 E2
 ‫א‬ K o
W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨
 J  K‫א‬ o
A4,A10
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K o
 ،
W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦
 J  K‫א‬‫ א‬o
A4,A10, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  o
 B2,E3
،  o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨
 J  ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W o
A4,A10
K، K o
‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬ o
 CD, DVD‫א‬‫א‬

٢٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬ o
A ‫א‬‫א‬ o
B2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
E1, E2,
‫א‬ o
E3, E4
D4, F1 ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
A11,F1 K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 ١٠
K‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬ •
K •
A4,A12  •
W‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ •
 •
 •
‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 ٦
A4,A12 K KCRT o
‫א‬‫ א‬J K‫א‬ •

٢٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K K •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  K •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J WLCD o
K‫א‬ •
K •
K •
‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 ٨
‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
A4,A12  K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 ٤
K‫א‬ K o
A4,A12
 K‫א‬ o
 o
‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 ٤
K K o
A4,A12
 K‫א‬ o
K o
J  WBIOS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٢
BIOS‫א‬ BIOS‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  post‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 B1
‫א‬ J BIOS‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 KBIOS‫א‬
‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 ٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬o
B4,B5,B  K‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
 6,A16 K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ o

٢٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K o
 B2,B3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J K o
 FAT, FAT32, NTFS
‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬
 ٢٠
E ‫א‬ F K‫א‬‫ א‬o
K KJ o
 E5,E6  K‫א‬ o
KJ o
K‫א‬ o
KJ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨
K  o
 K‫א‬ o
A12,E5 K o
K o
K o
K o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨
K  o
 K‫א‬ o
A12,E5 K o
K o
K o
 o
‫א‬‫א‬J  W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠
K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 A12 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  K‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
C2, C4, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬
C5  ١٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
K‫א‬  ‫א‬ •
  •
K‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ •
 •
C2, C4, ‫א‬‫ א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
C5,C6,  ١٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K o
D3, D5
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬ o
D6,C1, ‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬
C3,  ٣٠
K‫א‬‫א‬ W o
D6 ~ d13
F6,A7,  E‫א‬F‫• א‬
A8 K‫• א‬
A1, ‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬
A3,G3  ١٠
‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
K K o
 K o
‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ o
K K o
 K o

٢٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
C6, A2, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D1,D2,D  ٦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K o
13,
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬o
 K
F ‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠
  K K‫ א‬o
 K‫• א‬
 E‫א‬ KE‫א‬F‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
C6, A2, ‫א‬‫ א‬J W‫א‬
D1,D2,D  ١٦
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬o
13,
‫א‬ K o
 K K o
C6, A2, ‫א‬ J W‫א‬
D1,D2,D  ١٦
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬o
13,
 K K o
K o

٢٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 E١F
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤ ٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
٤

ELF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •

٢٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬
 ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٢  ‫א‬‫א‬

٣٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
‫א‬J ‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
  ‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J  o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫ א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
   o
‫א‬  o
 o
 o
‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
‫א‬ o
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o

٣١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
 o
 o
 E،،،F o
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ o
 
 o
‫א‬
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o

 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
 WordArt‫א‬ o

٣٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
  ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬o

٣٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 E٢F
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤ ٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
٥

ELF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
K‫א‬ J ٧
K‫א‬‫א‬، J ٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١١

٣٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬

٣٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫• א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬o
 
‫א‬ ‫ א‬o
‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 o
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ o
 
‫א‬ o
‫א‬
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
 ‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫ א‬o
 
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o

٣٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬  o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
   o
‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫ א‬o
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
  o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  o
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
‫א‬ ‫ א‬o
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o

٣٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
 • ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o

٣٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 E٣F
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤ ٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
٥

ELF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

٣٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬

 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬

٤٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
B6,C4,C5, ‫א‬ •  K‫א‬ o 
E3,E6  K K‫א‬ o 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫ א‬o 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ o
‫א‬
‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ o 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬ o
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  ٥
 •  ‫א‬ o 
 K ‫א‬‫ א‬o
  ‫א‬‫ א‬o

٤١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ o
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  o 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬o 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬‫ א‬o

HTML o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
 K‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬ o 
‫א‬‫ א‬o 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬

٤٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤  ٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬
 ١١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ELF  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤


٤٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢  ‫א‬
 ٢  ‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬
 ٢  ‫א‬
 ١٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬
 ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨٨  ‫א‬‫א‬

٤٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬
A1,A2,A3,  W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
A4,A12,B6, ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
D3,C5  K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
 ١٢
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   J
‫א‬ • ‫א‬
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
 ٢
‫א‬‫• א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
 ٦
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫• א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
 ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  ‫א‬ J
‫א‬
‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
 ٢
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
   ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢
‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫• א‬  ‫א‬ J
‫א‬
‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
 ٤
‫• א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦
‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
  ‫א‬  J
TCP\IP
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J

٤٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫• א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬
٤٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫ א‬J
‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
‫א‬‫ א‬J
 ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬
 ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 PING‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠
‫ א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  
 
 ٢٠
 ‫א‬

 ٥٦   ‫א‬ ١
‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬
 ١٢٨   ٢
٢٠  
 ٣٢ ٣
  
 H  
 ٤٠ DATA  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
 SHOW  

 
 ٤٠ ٥
 ٢٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
٢
٢٠  
 H
HH

HH
 
٥H‫א‬H
 
 ٤١٦ ٥H   ٦

٥H٥H
٥H‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠
 ‫א‬٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٨٨  HUB  ٧
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬: ‫* ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬

٤٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١H٢  H‫א‬
 ٢٠  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   E‫א‬KKKKKKKKK،KKF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
١٧‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K٤٥‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

  ٢٠    ١
 EF  ١  DATA SHOW  ٢
  ٢    ٣
   ١    ٤
  ٢٠    ٥
  ١   ٦
  ١   ٧
  ١   ٨
  ١    ٩
  ١  ‫א‬ ١٠
  ٥   ١١
  ٥   ١٢
  ٥   ١٣
  ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٤
  ٥   ١٥
  ٢٠   ١٦
  ٢  ‫א‬ ١٧

٤٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ٣  HUB ١٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ٢٠   ١٩
   ‫א‬ ٢٠
  ٢٠   ٢١
  ٢٠  ، ٢٢
  ٢  ‫א‬ ٢٣

٥٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬٦




‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬١٠
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬٣,٥

‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬٢ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬

‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬٢,٥
‫ﻡ‬٢

٥١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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