Phalgunanda Rural Municipality

Office of the Rural Municipal Executive

Koshi Province, Panchthar

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT

ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING

Marga Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Limited

Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Bagmati, Nepal
 Office of The Rural Municipal Executive
Phalgunanda Rural Municipality
Koshi Province, Panchthar

Block A, B & C

VOLUME-IV (STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT)

DPR Preparation of Administrative Building

SUBMITTED BY:
Marga Engineering Consult Pvt. Ltd.
Kathmandu

2023
 Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1

2. SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF NEPAL ...................................................................... 1

3. PHILISOPHY OF SEISMIC DESIGN ............................................................................. 1

4. BUILDING DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 3

5. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 5

6. LOADS ADOPTED .......................................................................................................... 5

7. SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS ................................................................................ 7

8. PRELIMINARY DESIGN ................................................................................................ 8

9. FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF BUILDING USING ETABS

V19 9

9.1 LOADS APPLIED ON BUILDING: ....................................................................... 11

9.1.1 Floor Finish ....................................................................................................... 11

9.1.2 Live Load........................................................................................................... 12

9.1.3 Wall load ........................................................................................................... 15

9.2 LATERAL LOAD ESTIMATION ACCORDING TO IS 1893:2002 ..................... 18

9.2.1 Left Block .......................................................................................................... 18

9.2.2 Right Block ........................................................................................................ 20

9.3 LOAD CASES AND COMBINATION ................................................................... 23

9.3.1 Load Cases......................................................................................................... 23

9.3.2 Load Combinations ........................................................................................... 23

9.4 Base Reaction ........................................................................................................... 24

9.5 MODAL RESULT .................................................................................................... 25

9.6 DRIFT OF THE BUILDING .................................................................................... 27

9.7 CHECK FOR TORSION .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

10. DESIGN OF STRUCTURL MEMBERS .................................................................... 29

10.1 Design of slab ........................................................................................................ 29

 10.2 Design of Beam ..................................................................................................... 29

10.3 Design of Column ................................................................................................. 33

10.4 Design of foundation ............................................................................................. 35

10.5 Design of staircase ................................................................................................ 35

11. CONCLUDING REMARKS ....................................................................................... 36

12. REFERENCE CODE ................................................................................................... 37

Annex 1: Column Detailing..................................................................................................... 39

Annex 3 Beam Detailing ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Annex 4: Design of Foundation .............................................................................................. 40

Annex 5: Design of Slab.......................................................................................................... 44

Annex 6: Design of Staircase .................................................................................................. 45

1. INTRODUCTION
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable and
also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance.

A building is considered to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the building as a whole
satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas additional criteria for
ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The overall building must be strong enough to transfer all
loads through the structure to the ground without collapsing or losing structural integrity by rupture of
the material at the critical sections, by transformation of the whole or parts into mechanisms or by
instability.

2. SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF NEPAL

Nepal is located in the boundary of two colliding tectonic plates, namely, the Indian Plate (Indo-
Australian Plate) and the Tibetan Plate (Eurasian Plate). The Indian Plate is constantly moving under
the Tibetan Plate causing many minor and major earthquakes in this region. As a result, Nepal has
witnessed many major as well as minor earthquakes during the past. Records of earthquakes are
available in Nepal since 1255 A.D. Those records show that around 18 major earthquakes have shaken
Nepal since then. The 1833 A.D. earthquake and 1934 A.D Bihar-Nepal earthquakes and 2015 Gorkha
earth quake were the most destructive ones in the history of Nepal.

Thus structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so as to counteract the
forces due to earthquakes.

3. PHILISOPHY OF SEISMIC DESIGN

The probability of occurrence of severe earthquakes is much less than that of minor earthquakes at a
given site. Many of the structures may never experience severe earthquakes during its lifetime.
Construction of any ordinary structures to resist such severe earthquakes without undergoing any
damage may not be considered economically feasible, as it may be far cheaper to repair or even rebuild
the structure after having severe and strong shaking. On the other hand, structures located in seismic
areas experience minor earthquakes rather frequently. Thus, in the event of severe and strong shaking,
the structure is allowed to have some damage which may be repairable or even irreparable, but the
structure will not be allowed to collapse completely, thereby ensuring the safety of life and the property
in the structure. In order that one does not have to undertake frequent repair and retrofitting of the
structure, the structure should not have any damage during minor level of shaking. In case of moderate
shaking the structure is allowed to have some non-structural damage without endangering life and

1
property within the structure. During such event the level of damage should be such that it can be
economically repaired.

The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event of a
severe shaking, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield. Therefore,
structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic actions. Ductility can
be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of failures include, shear and bond
failure. Thus, structures should be designed on Weak beam-Strong column philosophy.

2
4. BUILDING DESCRIPTION
Type: Administrative building

Building Typology: Reinforcement Concrete Frame Building

Form:

Plan Shape: Irregular shaped

Plan Configuration: Irregular

Vertical Configuration: Irregular

Plinth Area: 811.07 m2

Number of Stories four Storey

Position of the Building: Free Standing

Total Height: 13.9 m from plinth level

Inter Storey Height: 3.48 m.

Maximum length of Beam: 4.475 m

Size of Columns: 450x 450 mm

Wall Thickness: 230mm

Floor/Roof structure: 150 mm slab floor

Location of site: Panchthar

3
Figure 1: Ground Floor Plan (Refer Drawing for Detail)

4
5. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Material: Reinforced Cement Concrete

Frame System: Special Moment Resisting Frame

Floor System: Two-way Solid Slab

Foundation System: Isolated footing

Material Strengths:
Member Concrete Grade
Columns M25
Beams M20
Slabs M20
Foundation M20

Steel

Steel Type Grade

Thermo mechanically Treated
Fe 500
Bar(TMT)

6. LOADS ADOPTED
Load calculation is done using the NBC 102:1994 as reference. At first type of material is selected and
value of unit weight of the materials is taken from the above mentioned code. Thickness of the material
is selected as per the design requirement. Knowing area, thickness and unit weight of materials, loads
on each section is found.
The following are assumed for detail load calculation.
• R.C.C Slab, Beam and Column = 25.0 KN/m3
• Screed (25mm thick) = 19.2 KN/m3
• Cement Plaster (20mm thick) = 20.40 KN/m3
• Marble Dressed = 26.50 KN/m3
• Telia Brick = 19 KN/m3

5
 Live Load
Live load for the floor and Roof is taken from IS 875 part 2 as referred by National building code.
For Institutional Building, following load has be taken (Table 1, IS 875 Part 2)
Bedrooms, Wards, Dressing rooms, lounges - 2 KN/m2
Toilet and bath rooms - 2 KN/m2
Corridors, passages, staircases including fire escapes - 4 KN/m2
Balconies - 4 KN/m2
X-Ray rooms, operating rooms, and general stores - 3 KN/m2
Office rooms and OPDs – 2.5 KN/m2
Kitchen, Laundries and laboratories - 3 KN/m2

For Roof Load, Table 2 of IS 875 part 2 has been taken for the estimation
Flat, sloping or curved roof with slopes up to and including 10 degrees
Access not provided except for maintenance – 0.75 KN/m2

Floor Finish
Floor Finish Load is calculated Simple Marble Finishes. With load calculation
Depth of Finishes = 0.055 m
Marble Dressed = 26.50 KN/m3
Weight per Square meter = 0.055 * 26.5 = 1.458 KN/m2 (Assume 1.5 KN/m2)

Wall Loads
Wall loads are applied on underneath beam if wall is rested on the beam. For partition wall load is
applied as the area load intensity. Load intensity is calculated by dividing total weight of partition wall
by the area of given slab portion.

6
7. SEISMIC DESIGN PARAMETERS
The seismic design parameters have been considered in reference with IS1893:2002 and are
presented as follows:

Seismic Zone Factor

Seismic Zone Z
Panchthar 0.36
(Zone V)

Important Factor
Building Occupancy Type I
Institutional Building 1.5

Structural performance Factor

Response Reduction R
Factor 5

Site Soil Category

Soil Type Soft Soil (Type III)

7
8. PRELIMINARY DESIGN
For the analysis, dead load is also necessary which depends upon the size of member itself. So it is
necessary to pre-assume logical size of member which will neither overestimate the load nor under
estimate the stiffness of the building. So, the tentative sizes of the structural elements are determined
through the preliminary design so that the pre-assumed dimensions may not deviate considerably after
analysis thus making the final design both safe and economical. Tentative sizes of various elements
have been determined as follows:
Slab:
Preliminary design of slab is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause 23.2.1 of [IS
456: 2000]. The cover provided is 20 mm and the grade of concrete used in the design is M20.
According to which,
Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value
Eff. Depth
Where, the critical span is selected which is the maximum shorter span among the all slab element.
This is done to make uniformity in slab thickness. The amount of reinforcement will be varied slab to
slab but the thickness will be adopted corresponding to the entire slab.
Beam:
Preliminary design of the beam is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code Clause 23.2.1
of [IS 456: 2000] and ductility criteria of ACI code. The cover provided is 30 mm and the grade of
concrete used in the design is M20.
According to which,
Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Factor
Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange
But,
According to Ductility code, Spacing of Stirrups in beam should not exceed d/4 or 8 times diameter of
minimum size of bar adopted and should not greater than 100mm. So, for considering construction
difficulties in actual field, it is logical to use d/4 as spacing as per the construction practice in Nepal.
COLUMN:
Preliminary design of column is done from the assessment of approximate factored gravity loads and
live loads coming up to the critical section. To compensate the possible eccentric loading and
earthquake loads the size is increased by about 25% in design. For the load acting in the column, live
load is decreased according to IS 875: 1978. Initially a rectangular column is adopted in this building
project so as to provide internal aesthetics required from architecture point of view but the column size
and shape will vary as per the requirement for the analysis, design and aesthetic value. The cover
provided is 40 mm and the grade of concrete used in the column design is M25.
8
9. FINITE ELEMENT MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF BUILDING USING
ETABS V19
The FE model of building is developed in ETABS V19, a general purpose FE analysis and design
software. The size of beams and columns as obtained from preliminary analysis are adjusted according
to architectural need. Beam and columns are modeled as frame element. Slabs are also modeled as shell
element.
Beam and column are assumed to be line element having six degree of freedom at each node and slab
is assumed to be shell element having six degree of freedom at each node. Floor diaphragm is used in
the structure to reduce degree of freedom to three for each floor level.
Imposed loads have been modeled as uniform distributed loads. Similarly, wall loads are modeled as
uniformly distributed line loads. The columns and walls were “fixed” at their base.
The 3D model is assumed to be fixed at tie beam level. Suitable assumptions are made and FE model
as shown in Fig 2 is developed.

Figure 2: Finite Elemental Modeling in ETABS V19 (central A Block)

9
Figure 3: Finite Elemental Modeling in ETABS V19 (Right Block B)

Figure 4: Finite Elemental Modeling in ETABS V19 (Left Block C)

Loading due to wall, floor finish and live load is as shown in figure below and analysis is done by static
method (seismic coefficient method) and Response Spectrum Method. Following forces is observed
during Analysis:

10
9.1 LOADS APPLIED ON BUILDING:
9.1.1 Floor Finish
This load is applied all over the slab. Load application is shown in figure below.

Figure 5: Floor Finish load at First Floor (1.5KN/m2) (A Block)

Figure 6: Floor Finish load at First Floor (1.5KN/m2) (Right Block B)

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 9.1.2 Live Load
Application of live load is shown in figure below.

Figure 7: Sample Live Load > 3 KN/m2 (Central Block A)

12
Figure 8: Sample Live Load > 3 KN/m2 (Right Block C)

13
 Figure 98: Sample Live Load > 3 KN/m2 (Left Block B)

Please Refer Model Provided along with the Report for Detail

14
 9.1.3 Wall load

Load coming from the weight of wall is applied on the beam underneath the wall. If there is not any
beam below the wall, load is applied to nearby beam in the direction of wall. Application of wall load
is shown in figure below. Detail Calculation of the wall load is presented in Annex.

Figure 10: Sample Wall Load (Central Block A)

15
Figure 11: Sample Wall Load (Right Block B)

16
 Figure 12: Sample Wall Load (Right Block C)

Please Refer Model Provided along with the Report for Detail

17
9.2 LATERAL LOAD ESTIMATION ACCORDING TO IS 1893:2002
Lateral loads on the building frames are caused primarily by wind pressure. In addition; earthquake
shocks produce horizontal sway, which results in inertia forces acting horizontally on the structure. But
in an area like Panchthar wind load is not so vital so, only the lateral load due to earthquake shock is
considered in this case.
9.2.1 Left Block
For the analysis and design of earthquake action following method has been applied in this building.
(a) The seismic co-efficient method
Following assumptions have been made to estimate the total base shear in the buildings:
Zone factor for Panchthar according to IS code ,
Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor = 5 for moment resisting frame.
Importance factor = 1.5
For building with RC frame structures, the empirical relation for time period is given by the
relation,
0.09 ∗ ℎ
𝑇=
√𝑑

Dimension time Period

Direction Height H (m) D T=0.09 H / (D)0.5
(sec)
X 13.9 23.02 0.26
Y 13.9 14.225 0.332
.
With this fundamental time period in medium soil type-III, a graphical interpolation has been made to
calculate
Sa/g =

Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2016

Load Dir Z Soil I R T Coeff Weight Base Shear

Pattern Code Type Used Used Used
Text Text Text Text Unit less Unit less Sec Unit less KN KN
EQ_X X 0.36 III 1.5 5 0.26 0.135 7888.684 1064.9723
EQ_Y Y 0.36 III 1.5 5 0.332 0.135 7888.684 1064.9723

18
b) Linear Dynamic analysis (Response Spectrum Analysis)
Response spectrum analysis is done for the building with irregular configuration and much accurate
method. Response spectrum function of IS 1893:2002 is used for the response spectrum.

Figure 4 Response Spectrum function used as per IS1893:2002

Base shear due to Response spectrum function must not be less than Base shear calculated liner static
method. So following modification factor is used in the response spectrum cases in ETABS.
|Direction Symbol Modification Factor
X Lx 1626.65
Y Ly 1626.65

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 9.2.2 Right Block B
For the analysis and design of earthquake action following method has been applied in this building.
(a) The seismic co-efficient method
Following assumptions have been made to estimate the total base shear in the buildings:
Zone factor for Ghyanglekh, Sindhuli according to IS code ,
Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor = 5 for moment resisting frame.
Importance factor = 1.5
For building with RC frame structures, the empirical relation for time period is given by the
relation,
0.09 ∗ ℎ
𝑇=
√𝑑

Dimension time Period

Direction Height H (m) D T=0.09 H / (D)0.5
(sec)
X 13.9 9.2 0.41
Y 13.9 23.01 0.26
.
With this fundamental time period in medium soil type-III, a graphical interpolation has been made to
calculate
Sa/g =

Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2002

Load Dir Z Soil I R T Coeff Weight Used Base Shear

Pattern Code Type Used Used
Text Text Text Text Unit less Unit less Sec Unit less KN KN
EQ_X X 0.36 III 1.5 5 0.41 0.135 8215.85205 1109.14003
EQ_Y Y 0.36 III 1.5 5 0.26 0.135 8215.85205 1109.14003

b) Linear Dynamic analysis (Response Spectrum Analysis)

Response spectrum analysis is done for the building with irregular configuration and much accurate
method. Response spectrum function of IS 1893:2002 is used for the response spectrum.

20
 Figure 5 Response Spectrum function used as per IS1893:2002
Base shear due to Response spectrum function must not be less than Base shear calculated liner static
method. So following modification factor is used in the response spectrum cases in ETABS.
|Direction Symbol Modification Factor
X Lx 25497
Y Ly 21601

9.2.3 Left Block C

For the analysis and design of earthquake action following method has been applied in this building.
(a) The seismic co-efficient method
Following assumptions have been made to estimate the total base shear in the buildings:
Zone factor for Ghyanglekh, Sindhuli according to IS code ,
Z=0.36
Response Reduction Factor = 5 for moment resisting frame.
Importance factor = 1.5
For building with RC frame structures, the empirical relation for time period is given by the
relation,
0.09 ∗ ℎ
𝑇=
√𝑑

Dimension time Period

Direction Height H (m) D T=0.09 H / (D)0.5
(sec)
X 13.9 5.39 0.538
Y 13.9 23.01 0.26
.

21
With this fundamental time period in medium soil type-III, a graphical interpolation has been made to
calculate
Sa/g =

Auto Seismic - IS 1893:2002

Load Dir Z Soil I R T Coeff Weight Base

Pattern Code Type Used Used Used Shear
Text Text Text Text Unit less Unit less Sec Unit less KN KN
EQ_X X 0.36 III 1.5 5 0.538 0.135 4248.42 573.2
EQ_Y Y 0.36 III 1.5 5 0.26 0.135 4248.42 573.2

b) Linear Dynamic analysis (Response Spectrum Analysis)

Response spectrum analysis is done for the building with irregular configuration and much accurate
method. Response spectrum function of IS 1893:2002 is used for the response spectrum.

Figure 12Response Spectrum function used as per IS1893:2002

Base shear due to Response spectrum function must not be less than Base shear calculated liner static
method. So following modification factor is used in the response spectrum cases in ETABS.
|Direction Symbol Modification Factor
X Lx 1755
Y Ly 1755

22
9.3 LOAD CASES AND COMBINATION
9.3.1 Load Cases
Load cases are the independent loadings for which the structure is explicitly analyzed. Earthquake
forces occur in random fashion in all directions. For buildings whose lateral load resisting elements are
oriented in two principal directions, it is usually sufficient to analyze in these two principal directions
(X – and Y – direction) separately one at a time. Thus, the load cases adopted are as follows:

i. Dead Load (DL)

ii. Live Load (LL)
iii. EQX
iv. EQY
v. RSX
vi. RSY

9.3.2 Load Combinations

Load combinations are the loadings formed by the linear combination of the independent loading
conditions. The different load cases have been combined as per IS Code .The load combinations are as
follows:

i. 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
ii. 1.2(DL+LL+- EQ)
iii. 0.9DL+-1.5 EQ

DL= Dead Load

LL= Live load

EQ= Earthquake Load

For the dynamic analysis Earth quake load is replaced by Response spectrum Load RSX and RSY.

23
9.4 Base Reaction

TABLE: Base Reactions

Output Case Case Type Step Type Step Number FX FY FZ
kN kN kN
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 1 -961.6473 0 0
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 2 -961.6473 0 0
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 3 -961.6473 0 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 0 -1032.2895 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 0 -1032.2895 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 0 -1032.2895 0
Rx LinRespSpec Max 1026.9693 43.7803 0
Ry LinRespSpec Max 43.7803 1050.2518 0
TABLE: Base Reactions, Right block B
Output Case Case Type Step Type Step Number FX FY FZ
kN kN kN
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 1 -1062.6222 0 0
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 2 -1062.6222 0 0
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 3 -1062.6222 0 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 0 -1062.6222 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 0 -1062.6222 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 0 -1062.6222 0
Rx LinRespSpec Max 1109.7067 343.7622 0
Ry LinRespSpec Max 343.7622 1395.3956 0
TABLE: Base Reactions Left block C
Output Case Case Type Step Type Step Number FX FY FZ
kN kN kN
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 1 -455.7638 0 0
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 2 -455.7638 0.000001207 0
EQ X LinStatic Step By Step 3 -455.7638 -9.807E-07 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 0 -526.7057 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 0 -526.7057 0
EQ Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 0 -526.7057 0
Rx LinRespSpec Max 571.5618 2.1201 0
Ry LinRespSpec Max 2.1201 578.8406 0

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9.5 MODAL RESULT
Free vibration analysis was performed to determine the natural periods and mode shapes of the
buildings. The number of modes, corresponding natural periods and mass participation ration of the
building is tabulated in Tables below.

Table 1: Mode numbers, natural periods and mass participation (central Block A)

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios Block A

Case Mode Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ
sec
Modal 1 0.584 0.8342 0.0014 0 0.8342 0.0014 0
Modal 2 0.561 0.0711 0.0004 0 0.9053 0.0017 0
Modal 3 0.528 0.0013 0.9173 0 0.9067 0.919 0
Modal 4 0.195 0.0236 0.014 0 0.9303 0.933 0
Modal 5 0.182 0.0107 0.0139 0 0.941 0.9468 0
Modal 6 0.179 0.00003141 0.0146 0 0.941 0.9614 0
Modal 7 0.138 0.052 0.0004 0 0.993 0.9618 0
Modal 8 0.129 0.0016 0.0217 0 0.9946 0.9835 0
Modal 9 0.127 0.0003 0.0085 0 0.9948 0.992 0
Modal 10 0.107 0.00004033 0.0019 0 0.9949 0.9938 0
Modal 11 0.097 0.0035 0.0039 0 0.9984 0.9977 0
Modal 12 0.087 0.0016 0.0023 0 1 1 0

Table 2: Mode numbers, natural periods and mass participation (Right Block B)

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios Right block B

Case Mode Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ
sec
Modal 1 0.52 0.1766 0.0333 0 0.1766 0.0333 0
Modal 2 0.37 0.5324 0.0149 0 0.709 0.0482 0
Modal 3 0.319 0.0395 0.7333 0 0.7485 0.7816 0
Modal 4 0.168 0.0303 0.0052 0 0.7788 0.7867 0
Modal 5 0.115 0.0482 0.0395 0 0.827 0.8262 0
Modal 6 0.109 0.0251 0.1177 0 0.8521 0.9439 0
Modal 7 0.103 0.0507 0.000004875 0 0.9029 0.9439 0
Modal 8 0.083 0.0452 0.00004508 0 0.948 0.944 0
Modal 9 0.061 0.00002127 0.0478 0 0.9481 0.9917 0
Modal 10 0.049 0.0455 0.000002978 0 0.9935 0.9917 0
Modal 11 0.046 0.0005 0.0032 0 0.994 0.995 0
Modal 12 0.035 0.0019 0.00001496 0 0.996 0.995 0

25
 Table 3: Mode numbers, natural periods and mass participation (Right Block B)

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios Left block C

Case Mode Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ
sec
Modal 1 0.671 0.842 0.000003937 0 0.842 0.000003937 0
Modal 2 0.596 0.0004 0.1991 0 0.8424 0.1991 0
Modal 3 0.581 0.0001 0.6646 0 0.8425 0.8637 0
Modal 4 0.21 0.1255 0.000001178 0 0.968 0.8637 0
Modal 5 0.192 0.00001528 0.1005 0 0.9681 0.9642 0
Modal 6 0.186 0.0001 0.0111 0 0.9681 0.9753 0
Modal 7 0.121 0.0318 0.000005664 0 1 0.9753 0
Modal 8 0.118 0.00001302 0.024 0 1 0.9994 0
Modal 9 0.11 0.00002752 0.0006 0 1 1 0
Modal 10 0.009 0 0 0 1 1 0
Modal 11 0.009 0 0 0 1 1 0
Modal 12 0.008 0 0 0 1 1 0

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9.6 DRIFT OF THE BUILDING
The deformation of the buildings is also determined and found that the drift limit is compliance with
the provision of IS 1893:2002. The story drift of the building along x and y-direction is tabulated below.

Table 4: Floor displacement and inter storey drift (Central block A)

Table: Floor Displacement and Inter storey Drift

Inter
Design
Story Direction Story Ux Uy Drift Ratio Remarks
Drift
Height

mm %< 0.40%
Fourth EQX 3.475 17.02 3.01 0.08661871 OK
Third EQX 3.475 14.01 2.1 0.06043165 OK
Second EQX 3.475 11.91 6 0.17266187 OK
First EQX 3.475 5.91 5.91 0.17007194 OK
Fourth EQY 3.475 14.71 2.56 0.07366906 OK
Third EQY 3.475 12.15 1.7 0.04892086 OK
Second EQY 3.475 10.45 4.49 0.12920863 OK
First EQY 3.475 5.96 5.96 0.17151079 OK

The maximum story drift is 0.103 % which is less than permissible value (0.4%) prescribed by
the code.

Table 3: Floor displacement and inter storey drift (Right Block B)

Table: Floor Displacement and Inter storey Drift

Inter
Design
Story Direction Story Ux Uy Drift Ratio Remarks
Drift
Height

mm %< 0.40%
Fourth EQX 3.475 17.8 0.96 0.0276259 OK
Third EQX 3.475 16.84 4.04 0.11625899 OK
Second EQX 3.475 12.8 6.96 0.20028777 OK
First EQX 3.475 5.84 5.84 0.16805755 OK
Fourth EQY 3.475 9.68 2.36 0.06791367 OK
Third EQY 3.475 7.32 2.55 0.07338129 OK
Second EQY 3.475 4.77 2.83 0.08143885 OK
First EQY 3.475 1.94 1.94 0.05582734 OK

27
Table 5: Floor displacement and inter storey drift (Right Block C)

Table: Floor Displacement and Inter storey Drift

Inter
Design
Story Direction Story Ux Uy Drift Ratio Remarks
Drift
Height

mm %< 0.40%
Third EQX 3.475 23.38 6.05 0.17410072 OK
Second EQX 3.475 17.33 9.88 0.28431655 OK
First EQX 3.475 7.45 7.45 0.21438849 OK
Third EQY 3.475 17.8 4.04 0.11625899 OK
Second EQY 3.475 13.76 7.43 0.21381295 OK
First EQY 3.475 6.33 6.33 0.18215827 OK

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10. DESIGN OF STRUCTURL MEMBERS

10.1 Design of slab

The slabs are kept in such a way that ly/lx is kept less than 2 such that it can be designed as two way
slab. The slab is designed using ETABS V19 and checked manually on excel sheet based on IS
456:2000 and is presented in Annex.

10.2 Design of Beam

The beams are designed with the help of ETABS V19 and checked manually. The calculation of
reinforcement on typical section of beam is obtained by ETABS V19 as shown below in Fig.

Figure 6: Sample Reinforcement at First floor beam (Left Block)

Please Refer Model Provided along with the Report for Detail
The sample design of beam at first floor grid A4-B4 is presented below:

29
 ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 B100 177 Beam 9"*12" UDCon7 4270.8 4495.8 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 431.8 228.6 0 30 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-71.1217 5.2515 59.4074 1.9702

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-71.1217 8.9241 0 -80.0458

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -80.0458 503 0 503 197
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 252 0 0 252

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
76.0398 0 112.7955 41.191 777.91

30
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2
Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
5.2515 59.4074 188.6 391.8 365

31
Figure 7: Sample Reinforcement at First floor beam (central Block)

32
10.3 Design of Column
The rectangular columns are designed with the help of ETABS V19 and checked manually. Calculation
of longitudinal reinforcement of typical elements is shown below in Fig. below. The method carried
out during the structural analysis is verified with other possible methods. There is not significant change
in the design values. The interaction curve provided in literature is then used to design these columns.

Figure 8 : Column Reinforcement in left block (Columns only shown for clarity)

Please Refer Model Provided along with the Report for Detail. Sample design of column of ground
floor at grid A1 is shown below:

33
Figure 9: Column Reinforcement in right block (Columns only shown for clarity)

34
10.4 Design of foundation
The foundations used in the building are of isolated type as per the requirements. The depth of the
footing is governed by one way and two way shear (punching shear). The soil type is assumed to be of
medium type. So the allowable bearing capacity of soil is taken from the soil test report. Bearing
capacity of the isolated footing is at the depth of 2 m.

Allowable bearing capacity = 150 KN/m2

The design of isolated footing has been carried out manually as per IS 456 2000 and is presented in
Annex.

10.5 Design of staircase

The staircase used in the building is of open well type. The design of staircase is done manually using
IS 456 2000 as presented in Annex.

35
11. CONCLUDING REMARKS
Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for construction
of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks, stadium, towers, chimneys,
tunnels and so on.

Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratory works have shown that a well-designed
and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake resistant structure. Ductility and
strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by following the recommendations made
in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant design.

Detailing of steel reinforcement is an important aspect of structural design. Poor reinforcement

detailing can lead to structural failures. Detailing plays an important role in seismic resistant design. In
seismic resistant design, actual forces experienced by the structure are reduced and reliance is placed
on the ductility of the structure. And, ductility can be achieved by proper detailing only. Thus, in
addition to design, attention should be paid on amount, location and arrangement of reinforcement to
achieve ductility as well as strength.

Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a manner how
it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of structural
failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality assurance is needed in both
design and construction.

In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very important role.
It has been observed that damages during earthquakes are largely dependent on the quality and
workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most important factor in the good seismic behavior of
the structure.

36
12. REFERENCE CODE
NBC 110: 1994 Plain and Reinforced Concrete
NBC 102: 1994 Unit Weights of Materials
NBC 103: 1994 Occupancy Load (Imposed Load)
NBC 104: 1994 Wind Load
NBC105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
NS: 501-2058 Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of Reinforced
Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
SP: 16-1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456-1978
SP: 34-1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

IS: 456-2000 Plain and reinforced concrete code

IS: 1893-2002 Earthquake resistant design of structure

IS: 13920 Ductility code

37
ANNEX

38
Annex 1: Column Detailing

Grade of concrete : M25 Grade of steel : Fe500

Column ID Size (mm) Ground Floor First /second floor Top Floor
(Square)

Main Block 450 4-25 Φ 8-20 Φ 12-20 Φ 12-20Φ

Columns

Provide 2-legged Lateral ties 10mm Φ @ 100 mm c/c at h/4 from beam connection and 10mm Φ @ 150 mm c/c at center.

Also Provide Lateral ties 10mm Φ @ 100 mm c/c at lap.

39
Annex 4: Design of Foundation
Isolated Footing

1 Footing Size Design

Load Pu 828 KN
Design Load P 552 KN

Moment in x dir Mux 163 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy 168 KN-m

Column size cx 450 mm

cy 450 mm

SBC q 188 KN/sqm

Footing Size required A req 3.24 sqmm

L 3.48 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 3.48 meters
Area Provided A prvd 12.11 meters

Zx 7.02
Zx 7.02

Net upward pressure Nup 77 KNm2

Footing Size OK

2 Slab Design
lx 1.515
ly 1.515

Bending Moment in x dir Mx 133 KN-m

Bending Moment in y dir My 133 KN-m

Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 500 MPa

Minimum Depth Required dmin 223

Depth Provided D 600 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm

40
 Effective Depth d' 544 mm

Spacing c/c in mm
Area of Steel
12# 16# 20#
481
173 c/c 308 c/c
653 sqmm c/c
481
173 c/c 308 c/c
653 sqmm c/c
Minimum Ast required across x direcion
Minimum Ast required across y direcion

Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm

Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm

3 One Way Shear along x direction

Vu1 390 KN
ζv 0.206 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 493 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

4 One Way Shear along y direction

Vu1 390 KN
ζv 0.206 MPa

ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 493 KN

One Way Shear Check OK

5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 1285 KN
ζv 0.594 MPa

ks*ζc 1.118 MPa

Vc1 2418 KN

Two Way Shear Check OK

41
 L= 3.48 meters

450
450

B= 3.48 meters

600 mm

250 mm

12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

42
43
Annex 5: Design of Slab

Slab Dessign

Slab thickness t 125 mm

Concrete fck 20 MPa

Sunken 450
Steel fy 500 MPa
Depth mm

Loading
Sunken Slab
Slab Load Load
Dead 3.13
DL 3.13 KN/m DL
Dead Load Load KN/m
Filler 6.39
LL 3.00 KN/m FL
Live Load Load KN/m
Live 3.00
FF 1.00 KN/m LL
Floor Finish Load KN/m
Floor
1.00
OL 0.00 KN/m Finish WL
KN/m
Other Load Load
Total 13.52
Ws 7.13 KN/m Wsk
Total Load Load KN/m
Factored
Factored Load Wsu 11 KN/m Wsku 20 KN/m
Load

Design & Reinforcement Details of Slabs

Slab Data Spacing required in mm

Slab type

Slab type
Spacing
Thickness
ly/lx Loading on edges Moments Area of Steel provided in
Longer Shorter Check
Sl.No Sl. Id Thickness Load 8# 10# 12# mm c/c
Span Span
Wsu /
ly lx Wlonger Wshorter Mx My Astx Asty x y x y x y x y
Wsku
17
12 21 14 322 317 156 158 244 247 351 356
1 Regular 150 mm 5.30 m 4.50 m 1.18 + 18 KN/m KN- OK
KN KN/m KN-m sqmm sqmm c/c c/c c/c c/c c/c c/c
m

44
Annex 6: Design of Staircase
Open well type staircase has been designed manually as per IS 456: 2000 and is presented below:

Design of staircase
Riser = 150 mm
Tread = 300 mm
Floor height = 3 m
Effective span = 4.7 m
thickness of waist slab = 210 mm
thickness of landing = 210 mm
bar diameter = 16 mm
effective depth = 182 mm
Loads Calculation
1) Flight
live = 4 kN/m2
dead (waist slab) = 5.870 kN/m2
steps = 1.875 kN/m2
floor finish = 1.5 kN/m2
factored load = 19.867 kN/m2
2) Landing
live = 4 kN/m2
dead = 5.25 kN/m2
floor finish = 1.5 kN/m2
factored load = 16.125 kN/m2

Reaction at A (bottom) = 42.945 kN

Point of zero shear from
A = 2.350 m
Max bending moment = 52.987 kNm
Limiting BM = 88.110 kNm OK Under-reinforced

Main Bars
Mu/bd^2 = 1.600

45
Ast = 745.707 mm2
diameter of bars = 16.000 mm
spacing of bars = 269.489 mm required
150.000 mm provided
Provide 16 mm bars @ 150 mm c/c spacing as main bars
Distribution bars
Ast = 252 mm2
bar dia = 12 mm
spacing = 409.57 mm required
150 mm provided
Provide 12 mm bars @ 150 mm c/c spacing as distribution
bars
Shear check
shear at d from support
(Vu) = 40.011 kN/m
shear stress(τu) = 0.220 N/mm2
tensile bar % = 0.410
concrete strength (τc) = 0.400 N/mm2 (refer table 19 of IS code)
constant (k) = 1.190 (refer 40.2 on IS code)
design strength (kτc) = 0.476 N/mm2
OK
Deflection check
α = 23
β = 1 (Refer code 23.2)
γ = 1.4
δ = 1
λ = 1
Lex/d = 25.824
αβγδλ = 32.2
OK

46