SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ( PART 2)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 2

Q. 1. (A) 
  (i) (C)
  (ii) (A)
(iii) (C)
(iv) (A)
  (v) (A)

Q. 1. (B)
  (i) Anatomical evidences – Human hand and forelimb of bull
 (ii) False
(iii) Steam turbine
(iv) Theobroma cacao
 (v) Echinodermata

Q. 2. (A)
(i) (1) By using industrial microbiology, the commercial use of microbes is done.
(2) 
In such experiments, various economic, social and environment related
processes and products are included.
(3) 
In this, fermentation processes are used to make bread, cheese, wines,
enzymes, nutrients, etc.
(4) Different types of antibiotics are also made by using processes of industrial
microbiology.
(5) In pollution control and solid waste management, the industrial microbiology
becomes helpful.
(6) In farming too biotechnology is used to produce BT crops.
(ii) (1) Due to accidents or illness, some of the vital organs may get damaged and
 
may not work to fullest capacity.
(2) In such cases, if organ transplantation is done, it will be very helpful for
that needy patient.
(3) The dead person’s organs can be used for organ transplantation and a life
can be saved.
(4) Many government and social organizations are spreading awareness about
such donations. Therefore, gradually the awareness about organ
transplantation is increasing.
(iii) (1) Man came last on the earth during evolution of animals. But due to his
intelligence, imagination, critical thinking and memory, he made progress
in all fields.

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(2) By virtue of these qualities, he became the supreme.
(3) All the natural resources on the earth were very rapidly exploited by man.
(4) Phenomena like pollution, urbanization, industrialization and deforestation
are exclusively his creations.
(5) Hunting and poaching other animals were his contribution to the extinction
of many other animals.
(6) Except man, no other organism on the earth can change the ecosystems in
such a drastic way.

Q. 2. (B)
(i) (1) In order to make the bread the baker’s yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is added to the flour for the fermentation process.

(2) In commercial bakery, compressed yeast is used while in domestic settings
dry, granular form of yeast is used.
(3) 
The flour prepared by using commercial yeast contains various useful
contents like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, various vitamins and minerals.
(4) The anaerobic fermentation also increases the nutritive content of the flour.
(5) 
Due to this, bread and other products produced with the help of yeast

become nutritive.
(ii) (1) The process shown in the figure is binary fission in Amoeba.
(2) Binary fission : The process in which the parent cell divides to form two
similar daughter cells is binary fission. It takes place either by mitosis or
amitosis. When there are favourable conditions and abundant food supply,
then the organisms undergo binary fission. Prokaryotes, protists and
eukaryotic cell-organelle like mitochondria and chloroplasts perform binary
fission.
Based on axis of fission there are three subtypes of binary fission.
(a) Simple binary fission : The plane of division is not definite, it can be in
any direction due to lack of specific shape as in Amoeba.
(b) Transverse binary fission : The plane of division is transverse, as in
Paramoecium.
(c) Longitudinal binary fission : The plane of division is in length-wise
direction as in Euglena.

(iii) (1) Players require energy in greater amount.

(2) They perspire heavily at the time of game or sport which results in the loss
of water and electrolytes from their body.
(3) This may affect their performance in sport. To prevent such unfavourable
effect, they are given juices or drinks.
(4) This helps them to restore the balance of water and electrolytes in their
body. It also gives enhanced energy required for the performance.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [ SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 2) ]

 (iv) (a) The steps of energy conversion are maximum in the thermal power generation.
They are minimum in wind energy generation.

(b) While generating power through solar radiations, no fuel is burnt.
(v) Government of India has made Disaster Management Act in 2005. The affected
people are given all necessary help as per this Act. With the humanitarian view,
people are rehabilitated and helped them to come back to normalcy after the
disaster.
  As per this Act, National Disaster Response Force has been established.
This force consists of 12 divisions in entire India which are attached with
Indian Army. The headquarter is located in Delhi, but the action is taken all
over the country with the help of army. As per the Act, in Maharashtra, National
Disaster Response Force is in action through State Reserve Police Force. The
personnel of this force are trained accordingly, and they take part in the rescue
work during different disasters.
Q. 3.
(i) (a) Continuous use of mobile phone and being hooked to the social media slowly
becomes an addiction. It causes stress. We must be aware of total time that is
lost. If these bad habits are creeping in us, we must try to leave the habits by
conscious change.

(b) We shall try to tell maid’s husband about the ill-effects of alcoholism and will
help him for de-addiction. We also ask maid to be self-reliant and able to
protect herself. In order to stop social, mental and societal problems, help of
police can also be taken.
(c) The habit of continuously taking selfie is bad. It shows that the friend is
constantly thinking of himself only. His self-centredness is to be removed by
counselling him. He should be diverted and motivated to take some other
tasks so that his habit can be lessened.
(ii) (1) In order to maintain the social health of any community there should be good
amenities for the people. E.g. food, water, shelter, clothing, medicines and
medical help, equal opportunities for education, cleanliness of the surroundings,
transport facilities, etc. should be properly provided.
(2) The social and political conditions of the surrounding should be such that
there should not be any connections with world of criminals. The presence of
such criminal ties can affect the social health to a great extent.
(3) The gardens, playgrounds, the empty plots for outdoor games, sports clubs,
etc. are important criteria for overall development of the society. This results
into personality development and make people happy and strong.
(4) 
Addictions, criminal tendencies, pervert behaviour and perverse thinking
affects other people in the society and this reflects negatively on the social
health.

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 (5) Having large number of friends and relatives, proper use of time when alone
and when along the peer group, trust in others, respect and acceptance for
others build stronger social health.
(iii) (a) In the picture, it is shown that using wind energy electricity is produced.
(b) The power plant shown here is based on kinetic energy of wind which is converted
to electric energy by utilizing kinetic energy from rotating turbines.
(c) This power plant is eco-friendly because it does not cause pollution. Wind energy
is green energy which is non-exhaustible and perpetual.
(iv) 
The above disaster is railway accident. Effects of disaster :
(a) There is loss of lives and infrastructure of railways.
(b) The traffic is disturbed for some days, causing inconvenience to commuters
and goods transport.
  (v) (a) The theory of use and disuse of organs says that the morphological characters
of organism develop because of specific activities that the organisms perform.
If some organ is not used it gets degenerated. If excessively used, it develops.
Thus, the morphological changes take place due to activities or non-working
of a particular body parts in an organism.
(b) Acquired characters are those characters which are obtained during the life
time by any organism and passed on to next generations.

(c) Lamarck gave the above concepts.
(vi) (A) An enzyme RUBISCO present in plant chloroplasts.
(B) NAD ® Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and FAD ® Flavin Adenine
Dinucleotide.
(C) Mitochondria present in the cytoplasm of the cell.
(vii) Kingdom : Animalia

Phylum : Chordata
Subphylum : Vertebrata
Class : Pisces
Subclass : Elasmobranchi (Cartilaginous)
Example : Scientific name : Scoliodon sorrakowah
Common name : Shark
(viii) (a) The process of making transgenic potatoes is shown in the figure.

(b) (1) 
These potatoes act against bacteria causing cholera e.g. vibrio cholerae.
Also they are effective against Escherichia coli.

(2) 
Consumption of raw potatoes produces immunity against cholera and
colitis – disease caused by Escherichia coli.

(c) (1) Per hectare yield is increased though there are limitation in crop agriculture.
(2) Expenses of disease control are minimized due to development of resistant
varieties.

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [ SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 2) ]

Q. 4.
(i) (a) The figure shows human male reproductive system.
(b) A – Seminal vesicle, B – Prostate gland, C – Urethra, D – Testis.

(c) Production of sperms and male hormone – testosterone.

(d) 
Semen is formed by secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate glands, cowper’s
glands and sperms.

(e) Protection and temperature control of testis.

(ii) In this picture, food chain having five trophic levels is shown.

(1) Trophic level 1  Producers : Green plant.

(2) Trophic level 2  Primary consumer (Herbivore) : Grasshopper.

(3) Trophic level 3  Secondary consumer (Carnivore) : Bird.

(4) Trophic level 4  Tertiary consumer (Carnivore) : Snake.

(5) Trophic level 5  Top or Apex consumer (Carnivore) : Owl.

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