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Chapter: Civil : Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering : Irrigation Engineering

Flow duty and Quantity duty

In direct irrigation, duty is always expressed in hectares/cumec. It is then called as flowduty or duty.

Flow duty and Quantity duty:

In direct irrigation, duty is always expressed in hectares/cumec. It is then called as flowduty or duty.

In storage irrigation, duty may, sometimes be expressed in hectares/millions cubic metre of water available in the reservoir. It
eventually means that every million cubic metre of water available in the reservoir will mature so many hectares of a particular crop. Hence,
the irrigation capacity of the reservoir is directly known. When duty is reduced in this manner, it is called Quantity duty or Storage duty.

(i) Climatic and season: As stated earlier, duty includes the water lost in evaporation and percolation. These losses will vary with the
season. Hence, duty varies from season to season, and also from time to time in the same season. The figures for duties which we generally
expresses are their average values considered over the entire crop period.

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5/13/23, 10:04 PM Flow duty and Quantity duty

(ii) Useful rainfall: If some of the rain, falling directly over the irrigated land, is useful for the growth of the crop, then so much less
irrigation water will be required to mature the crop. More the useful rainfall, less will be the requirement of irrigation water, and hence more
will be the duty of irrigation water.

(iii) Type of soil: If the permeability of the soil under the irrigated crop is high, the water lost due to percolation will be more and hence, the
duty will be less. Therefore, for sandy soils, where the permeability is more, the duty of water is less.

(iv) Efficiency of cultivation method: If the cultivation method (including tillage and irrigation) is faulty and less efficient, resulting in the
wastage of water, the duty of water will naturally be less. If the irrigation water is used economically, then the duty of water will improve, as
the same quantity of water would be able to irrigate more area. Cultivators should, therefore, be trained and educated properly to use
irrigation water economically.

Importance of duty:

It helps us in designing an efficient canal irrigation system. Knowing the total available water at the head of a main canal, and the
overall duty for all the crops required to be irrigated in different seasons of the year, the area which can be irrigated can be worked out.
Inversely, if we know the corps area required to be irrigated and their duties, we can work out the discharge required for designing the
channel.

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