Project Title: The Efficacy of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves as a

Sustainable Paper Substitute

Project Category: Applied Science Individual
Researcher: Karl D. Bulan / 09773919227/ bulankarldagle@gmail.com
Grade Level: 10
Adult Sponsor: Arlan E. Bolasco
School: Oriental Mindoro National High School
Qualified Scientist: Madilen L. Espiritu
Research Period: 2023 – 2024

CONTENTS
I. Research Plan
II. Scanned Data Logbook
Intel ISEF Forms
Form 1 (Checklist for Adult Sponsor)
Form 1A (Student Checklist)
Form 1B (Approval Form)
Risk Assessment
III. Research Paper
IV. Abstract
The Efficacy of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves as a Sustainable Paper Substitute

A Science Investigatory Project

Presented to Science Technology & Engineering Department
S.Y. 2022-2023

Karl D. Bulan
Researcher

09773919227
bulankarldagle@gmail.com

Arlan E. Bolasco

Adult Sponsor/Adviser

Oriental Mindoro National High School

Junior High School Department
J.P. Rizal Street, San Vicente East, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
I. Researc
h Plan
Research Title: The Efficacy of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves as a Sustainable
Paper Substitute
Researcher: Karl D. Bulan
School: Oriental Mindoro National High School

RESEARCH PLAN

A. Rationale

Paper is one of the most common material to be used in daily tasks/works

whether in education, office, business, or even in households. Paper is not limited in

one purpose as it has different types having different uses such as for writing,

printing, cleaning, packaging, etc. Most papers are commonly made from wood but

some are also made from other raw materials such as cotton, wheat straw, sugar cane

waste, flax, bamboo, linen rags, and hemp. Regardless of the material, all of these

have a common factor which is fiber. Fiber is essential for making paper as it has

good qualities with its strength and flexibility, making it a great element for

manufacturing papers. Wood is by far the most common material to be used for

getting fibers as it has an abundant source and also has high cellulose content which is

needed for making good paper. Common woods such as hard woods contain about

45% cellulose and 25% hemicellulose with lignin composing about 25% of the wood,

according to an article from the National Library of Medicine. Being the largest

source for mass production of paper, it also comes with massive logging activities to

deforestation and destruction of the environment causing bad effects on wildlife and

communities living nearby the area. According to an online website written by Yan

(n.d.) from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources or DENR, the

Philippines loses about 52,000 trees each day from logging, land conversion, and

slash-and-burn farming deleting approximately 47,000 hectares of forest yearly.

 Having alternative materials for making papers can reduce the demands for

woods which can decreasing the amount of trees needed to be cut down, resulting to

less damage on forests and wildlife habitats. This is not as difficult as it seems to be as

there are limitless source for extracting fiber since a lot of it can be found in plants.

Pineapple is one of the best examples of these kind of plants as it is well known for

being a primary source of fiber. The pineapple plant (specifically the leaves) has great

amount of cellulose content as it is generally made up of 79-83%, making its fibers

great quality, According to Fritani, et al.(2020). Pineapple fibers are popular for

making traditional clothes like the Barong Tagalog because of the amazing qualities it

possess. Having this, pineapple fiber can be a great ingredient for making paper as it

has about 81% cellulose content, enough to make a good quality paper.

B. Research Problem, Hypothesis, Engineering Goals, Expected Outcomes

In this research study, the researchers aim to find the efficiency of

pineapple leaves for making alternative papers. This study wants to find out if the

leaves can be used to make a paper with good quality. In order to find it out, the

researchers must be able to answer the questions like how much leaves are needed to

get the right amount of fibers and also how much fibers (in grams) are needed to make

the paper.

.
Hypothesis

There will be a significant difference between the durability three papers made from

pineapple fibers.

Engineering Goals

The researchers can successfully produce an alternative paper made out of

pineapple fibers having great qualities.

Expected Outcomes

The researcher can successfully make an alternative paper using the fibers from

pineapple leaves.

C. Materials

The materials that will be needed for this study are pineapple leaves, scraper,

scissors, cooking pot, blender, weighing scale, silk screen, sponge, weights(for

making the paper),heat gun, and another weights(for testing). The pineapple leaves is

where the fibers will be extracted. The scissors is for cutting the pineapple leaves in

the gathering process while the scraper is for removing the outer skin of the leaves,

exposing the fibers within it. The cooking pot is for boiling the extracted fibers and

the blender is for blending the fibers into a smoother and finer version. The silk screen

is where the actual production of the paper starts. The sponge is for removing some

water that remained in the paper and the weights is for flattening the paper. The heat

gun is an alternative method of drying the paper as it speeds the drying process

however, traditional sun drying can also be used. Lastly, the weights with clips will be

used for the testing process.

Procedures

The researchers will gather the pineapple leaves from the pineapple plants in a

local garden by using a pair of scissors. The leaves will then be washed thoroughly in

preparation for the next procedure. The side of the leaves where the spikes are found

will be removed and the outer layer will be scraped off using the scraper until the

fibers are revealed. Once it is done through all the leaves, it will then be washed again

and put aside for later. The pineapple fibers will then be boiled in a cooking pot for

about 1-2 hours. This is done to separate the fibers from the other parts of the leaves.

The fibers will then be put in a blender with a cup of water to be blended for several

minutes until it gets a smooth and fine texture. The blended fiber will then be strained

in the silk screen until most of the liquid are removed. Using the sponge, the fibers

will then be shaped into a paper while absorbing some of the water in it. Weights will

then be put on the paper to flatten it for few hours. Once done, the paper will be dried

using a heat gun to speed up the process, although it is best to also dry it up under the

sun.

There will be three trials of making the paper, each having different amount of

pineapple fiber. The first paper will have 150g of pineapple fiber, the second one will

have 250g of fiber while the third will have 350 g. Each will be put in a test to see

their strength and durability. The papers will be hung up with weights clipped on its

bottom. They will be tested on how much weight they can without tearing apart or

getting damaged. The heavier the paper can hold , the stronger and more durable the

paper.
Risk and Safety

Be cautious in using sharp objects such as scissors and scrapers as it can injure

the person conducting this experiment. Avoid touching the blade of the bender,

especially when it is plugged in as it can accidentally cut the fingers when not careful.

The pineapple leaves have small but sharp spikes on its sides,which is why it is

important to properly handling it. Be careful when boiling the fibers as it may caused

burns and blisters if it is not handled cautiously. Do not put your hands directly to the

heat gun as may damage the skin when exposed for a long time.

Data Analysis

The data will be obtained from the following data table:

Test 1: Flexural Strength

Trials Amount of Pineapple Fibers Results

in Grams (g)
SET 1 150g

SET 2 250g

SET 3 350g
 D. Bibliography

Fitriani, Aprilia, N. a. S., & Arahman, N. (2020). Properties of nanocrystalline

cellulose from pineapple crown leaf waste. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science

and Engineering, 796(1), 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/796/1/012007

Novaes, E., Kirst, M., Chiang, V. L., Winter-Sederoff, H., & Sederoff, R. R. (2010).

Lignin and Biomass: A Negative Correlation for Wood Formation and Lignin Content

in Trees. Plant Physiology, 154(2), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.161281

Yan, B. P. G. (n.d.). A “Game of Trees.” https://fasps.denr.gov.ph/index.php/public-

relations/project-stories/biodiversity/23-a-game-of-trees#:~:text=The%20Philippines

%20is%20losing%20around,of%20the%20nation's%20land%20area.
II.Scanned
Data
Logbook
\
INTEL ISEF
FORMS
Research Title: The Efficacy of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves as a Sustainable
Paper Substitute
Researcher: Karl D. Bulan
School: Oriental Mindoro National High School

RESEARCH PLAN

E. Rationale

Paper is one of the most common material to be used in daily tasks/works whether

in education, office, business, or even in households. Paper is not limited in one purpose

as it has different types having different uses such as for writing, printing, cleaning,

packaging, etc. Most papers are commonly made from wood but some are also made

from other raw materials such as cotton, wheat straw, sugar cane waste, flax, bamboo,

linen rags, and hemp. Regardless of the material, all of these have a common factor

which is fiber. Fiber is essential for making paper as it has good qualities with its strength

and flexibility, making it a great element for manufacturing papers. Wood is by far the

most common material to be used for getting fibers as it has an abundant source and also

has high cellulose content which is needed for making good paper. Common woods such

as hard woods contain about 45% cellulose and 25% hemicellulose with lignin

composing about 25% of the wood, according to an article from the National Library of

Medicine. Being the largest source for mass production of paper, it also comes with

massive logging activities to deforestation and destruction of the environment causing

bad effects on wildlife and communities living nearby the area. According to an online

website written by Yan (n.d.) from the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources or DENR, the Philippines loses about 52,000 trees each day from logging, land
conversion, and slash-and-burn farming deleting approximately 47,000 hectares of forest

yearly.

Having alternative materials for making papers can reduce the demands for woods

which can decreasing the amount of trees needed to be cut down, resulting to less damage

on forests and wildlife habitats. This is not as difficult as it seems to be as there are

limitless source for extracting fiber since a lot of it can be found in plants. Pineapple is

one of the best examples of these kind of plants as it is well known for being a primary

source of fiber. The pineapple plant (specifically the leaves) has great amount of cellulose

content as it is generally made up of 79-83%, making its fibers great quality, According

to Fritani, et al.(2020). Pineapple fibers are popular for making traditional clothes like the

Barong Tagalog because of the amazing qualities it possess. Having this, pineapple fiber

can be a great ingredient for making paper as it has about 81% cellulose content, enough

to make a good quality paper.

F. Research Problem, Hypothesis, Engineering Goals, Expected Outcomes

In this research study, the researchers aim to find the efficiency of pineapple

leaves for making alternative papers. This study wants to find out if the leaves can be

used to make a paper with good quality. In order to find it out, the researchers must be

able to answer the questions like how much leaves are needed to get the right amount of

fibers and also how much fibers (in grams) are needed to make the paper.

.
Hypothesis

There will be a significant difference between the durability three papers made from

pineapple fibers.

Engineering Goals

The researchers can successfully produce an alternative paper made out of

pineapple fibers having great qualities.

Expected Outcomes

The researcher can successfully make an alternative paper using the fibers from

pineapple leaves.

G. Materials

The materials that will be needed for this study are pineapple leaves, scraper,

scissors, cooking pot, blender, weighing scale, silk screen, sponge, weights(for making

the paper),heat gun, and another weights(for testing). The pineapple leaves is where the

fibers will be extracted. The scissors is for cutting the pineapple leaves in the gathering

process while the scraper is for removing the outer skin of the leaves, exposing the fibers

within it. The cooking pot is for boiling the extracted fibers and the blender is for

blending the fibers into a smoother and finer version. The silk screen is where the actual

production of the paper starts. The sponge is for removing some water that remained in

the paper and the weights is for flattening the paper. The heat gun is an alternative

method of drying the paper as it speeds the drying process however, traditional sun

drying can also be used. Lastly, the weights with clips will be used for the testing

process.
Procedures

The researchers will gather the pineapple leaves from the pineapple plants in a

local garden by using a pair of scissors. The leaves will then be washed thoroughly in

preparation for the next procedure. The side of the leaves where the spikes are found will

be removed and the outer layer will be scraped off using the scraper until the fibers are

revealed. Once it is done through all the leaves, it will then be washed again and put aside

for later. The pineapple fibers will then be boiled in a cooking pot for about 1-2 hours.

This is done to separate the fibers from the other parts of the leaves. The fibers will then

be put in a blender with a cup of water to be blended for several minutes until it gets a

smooth and fine texture. The blended fiber will then be strained in the silk screen until

most of the liquid are removed. Using the sponge, the fibers will then be shaped into a

paper while absorbing some of the water in it. Weights will then be put on the paper to

flatten it for few hours. Once done, the paper will be dried using a heat gun to speed up

the process, although it is best to also dry it up under the sun.

There will be three trials of making the paper, each having different amount of

pineapple fiber. The first paper will have 150g of pineapple fiber, the second one will

have 250g of fiber while the third will have 350 g. Each will be put in a test to see their

strength and durability. The papers will be hung up with weights clipped on its bottom.

They will be tested on how much weight they can without tearing apart or getting

damaged. The heavier the paper can hold , the stronger and more durable the paper.
Risk and Safety

Be cautious in using sharp objects such as scissors and scrapers as it can injure the

person conducting this experiment. Avoid touching the blade of the bender, especially

when it is plugged in as it can accidentally cut the fingers when not careful. The

pineapple leaves have small but sharp spikes on its sides,which is why it is important to

properly handling it. Be careful when boiling the fibers as it may caused burns and

blisters if it is not handled cautiously. Do not put your hands directly to the heat gun as

may damage the skin when exposed for a long time.

Data Analysis

The data will be obtained from the following data table:

Test 1: Flexural Strength

Trials Amount of Pineapple Fibers Results

in Grams (g)
SET 1 150g

SET 2 250g

SET 3 350g
 H. Bibliography

Yan, B. P. G. (n.d.). A “Game of Trees.” https://fasps.denr.gov.ph/index.php/public-

relations/project-stories/biodiversity/23-a-game-of-trees#:~:text=The%20Philippines

%20is%20losing%20around,of%20the%20nation's%20land%20area.

Fitriani, Aprilia, N. a. S., & Arahman, N. (2020). Properties of nanocrystalline cellulose

from pineapple crown leaf waste. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and

Engineering, 796(1), 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/796/1/012007

Novaes, E., Kirst, M., Chiang, V. L., Winter-Sederoff, H., & Sederoff, R. R. (2010).

Lignin and Biomass: A Negative Correlation for Wood Formation and Lignin Content in

Trees. Plant Physiology, 154(2), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.161281

Researcher: Karl D. Bulan/09773919227
School: Oriental Mindoro National High School
Project Title: The Efficiency of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves as an
Alternative Paper
ABSTRACT

This research study was conducted to focus on finding the efficiency of

pineapple (Ananas Comosus) leaf fibers for the production of paper. This study aims

to explore the possibilities of other raw materials, such as pineapple, as an alternative

ingredient for the traditional wood in making papers.

The materials used to conduct this study are pineapple leaves, scissors, scraper

(spatula/spoon), cooking pot, blender, silk screen, sponge, weights, and rice. The

pineapple leaves are scraped using the spatula/spoon to expose the fibers. It was then

boiled for about 1-2 hours until the fibers started to loosen. The boiled fibers were

blended in a blender to give it a smoother and finer texture. Once it started to liquify,

that fibers were strained on the silk screen to remove the excess water. A sponge was

used to absorb extra liquid and weights were put on top of the fibers to flatten it out.

Once done, the paper was dried using a heat gun. The durability test for the papers

was done using rice as the weights.

This procedure was done in three set-ups, each having different amounts of

pineapple fibers in grams. The first set-up used 150 grams of fibers, the second one

used 250 g and the third used 350 g. Out of the three, the set-up with three hundred

fifty (350) g of pineapple fibers held the most weight of around 1200 g of rice. The

results shows that the more pineapple fibers is used, the more durable the paper

become.
III. Research
Paper

The Efficacy of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves as a Sustainable Paper Substitute

 A Science Investigatory Project
Presented to Science Technology & Engineering Department
S.Y. 2022-2023

Karl D. Bulan
Researcher

09773919227
bulankarldagle@gmail.com

Arlan E. Bolasco

Adult Sponsor/Adviser

Oriental Mindoro National High School

Junior High School Department
J.P. Rizal Street, San Vicente East, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
 ABSTRACT

This research study was conducted to focus on finding the efficiency of

pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf fibers for the production of paper. This study aims

to explore the possibilities of other raw materials, such as pineapple, as an alternative

ingredient for the traditional wood in making papers.

The materials used to conduct this study are pineapple leaves, scissors, scraper

(spatula/spoon), cooking pot, blender, silk screen, sponge, weights, and rice. The

pineapple leaves are scraped using the spatula/spoon to expose the fibers. It was then

boiled for about 1-2 hours until the fibers started to loosen. The boiled fibers were

blended in a blender to give it a smoother and finer texture. Once it started to liquify,

that fibers were strained on the silk screen to remove the excess water. A sponge was

used to absorb extra liquid and weights were put on top of the fibers to flatten it out.

Once done, the paper was dried using a heat gun. The durability test for the papers

was done using rice as the weights.

This procedure was done in three set-ups, each having different amounts of

pineapple fibers in grams. The first set-up used 150 grams of fibers, the second one

used 250 g and the third used 350 g. Out of the three, the set-up with three hundred

fifty (350) g of pineapple fibers held the most weight of around 1200 g of rice. The

results shows that the more pineapple fibers is used, the more durable the paper

become.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT.………………………………………………………………………24

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………........28

Background of the Study………………………………………………………..28

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………….28

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………….29

Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………...29

MATERIALS AND
METHODS…………………………………………………………………..….30

Gathering of Materials…………………………………………………………..30

Extracting the Fibers……………………………………………………………..30

Boiling of the Fibers…….………………………….……………………………30

Blending of the Fibers …………………...……………………………………..30

Making the Paper Using Silk Screen…………………..………………………...31

Drying the Paper…..…………………………………………………………......31

Testing the Durability of the Papers……………………………………………..31

RESULTS AND
DISCUSSIONS……………………………………………………………….......32

Conclusions……………………………………………………………………..33

Recommendation……………………………………………………………….33

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………34

APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………….35

Appendix A…………………………………………………………………35-38
 LIST OF TABLE

Table No Title
Page

1 Durability of Different Set-up 32

 INTRODUCTION

As one of the most commonly used material in today’s world, paper is used in

many applications such as writing, drawing, packaging, cleaning, and many more. Its

versatility helps it to be applicable in various fields of works such as for education,

business, office, and even in households. By definition, paper is a network of fibers

made into flat sheet. Paper is made from raw materials that contain fibers but

generally, most papers are made out of wood.

Wood is the most popular material to be used for producing papers as it has

many great characteristics such as having a decent cellulose content and being an

abundant source. This unfortunately means that massive logging activities become

inevitable as huge amount of materials are needed for the mass production of papers

which ultimately results to deforestation and destruction of wildlife habitats. A

staggering 52,000 trees are chopped down for papers daily in our country which

results to the yearly loss of about 47, 000 hectares of forest, Based on an article article

written by Yan(2020) from the website of the Department of Environment and

Natural Resources.

However, With the use of alternative fibers, paper can now be made without

having to limit the material,specifically wood, for production as there are many

options available. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) plant is one of the best examples as it

is rich in fibers or cellulose content, making it an amazing ingredient for making

papers. According to Fritani et al (2020), pineapple leaves are generally made up of

79-83% cellulose, 1% hemicellulose and about 5-15% lignin which is why its fiber is

are used for production of textiles, paper, and reinforcement in polymers,

 In this research study, the researchers aim to find and explore the efficiency of

pineapple leaves fiber as an alternative paper. This study also also wants to find out if

pineapple fibers can be used to make paper that will be durable enough that can be

used in daily application.

The significance of this research study is to show the limitless possibilities of

other raw materials like the pineapple (Ananas Comosus) plant as an alternative to

commonly used material like wood in producing paper. By encouraging others to use

alternative fibers, more people in the business and companies will be enjoined to go

for the alternatives which can cause for the demands for wood to decrease. With the

decreasing of the needs for wood, less logging activities will be done which can help

to also lessen the damage and destruction to the forests and wildlife that may reside

within the local area.

The scope of this study is the problems surrounding or involving the use of

alternative material like the pineapple (Ananas Comosus) plant for making and

producing papers instead of the typical wood. This study is however limited to the

kind of materials that can be used in making papers as not all of it are applicable or

incapable of being a reliable component for conducting a research study like this.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Gathering of Materials

The materials used for conducting this experiment are the pineapple leaves

weighing around one and a half (1.5) kg, scissors, scraper (spatula/spoon), cooking

pot, fuel(coal or gas), blender, silk screen, sponge, and weights (rice). The pineapple

leaves will be collected from a local garden by cutting it from the plant with the use of

scissors. Other materials and equipment are in the possession of the researchers.

Extracting the Fibers

The fibers are extracted by scraping of the outer skin of the pineapple leaves

using a spatula and spoon until of the fibers are exposed. This procedure was done

multiple times until the desire amount of fibers were obtained. The fibers were rinsed

and soaked for a few minutes.

Boiling of the Fibers

After rinsing and soaking, the fibers will be boiled in a cooking pot for about

1-2 hours. This is to separate the fibers from the other parts of the pineapple leaves

like the excess skin that was not removed from the previous procedure.
Blending of the Fibers

Once the pineapple fibers are boiled, it is then shredded into finer and smoother

texture. It is blended for about 10-20 minutes for a smooth and fine texture, the

researchers are optional if it needs more time to blend for it to become smoother.

Making the Paper using Silk Screen

After achieving a smooth and fine texture of the fibers, it is now then poured

on top of the silk screen. Once it is poured, the researchers evenly distributed the

fibers by making it flat. No bubbles underneath the Fibers should be seen, nor gaps

between the fibers.

Drying the Paper

After evenly flattening the fibers on the silk screen, it is then dried using a heat

gun until the paper became dry. The paper was also dried under the sun to completely

dry and remove any moisture present within it.

Testing the Durability of the Papers

For testing of the durability the papers, the researchers hang the papers and

attached weights that clipped to it. More weights were added until the papers started

to tear or get damaged. The durability test is based on how much weight in grams can

each papers hold or handle without tearing. Once the data are all gathered from the

conducted experiment, it is now then analyzed to see the final results.

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Research Problem #1 - What is the amount of pineapple fibers needed to make the

paper?

Table 1. Durability of Different Set-ups

TRIALS Weight it can carry

SET-UP A 200 grams of rice

(150 grams of pineapple fibers)

SET-UP B 500 grams of rice

(250 grams of pineapple fibers)

SET-UP C 1 200 grams of rice

(350 grams of pineapple fibers)

The researchers conducted a durability test with three set-ups of paper having

different amount of pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf fibers to see which paper is the

most durable or which one can hold/withstand the heavier weight with out tearing or

getting damaged. The first set-up or set-up A used one hundred (100) g of pineapple

fibers and had the durability strength of two hundred (200) g. The second set-up or

Set-up B had two hundred fifty (250) g of pineapple fibers and yield a durability

strength of around five hundred (500) g. Lastly, the third set-up or Set-up C used a

total of six hundred (600) g of the pineapple leaf fibers which was able to hold one

point two (1.2) kg, getting the most durability strength out of the three set-ups.
Conclusion

This study on using pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf as paper has successfully

conducted the experiments and was able to produce the outputs having the qualities

and standards to be an alternative paper. With this, the researchers have proven that

fibers from pineapple plant (specifically the leaves) is a reliable material to be used

for the production of papers and has the possibilities to be a sustainable alternative to

other common ingredients like wood. Based on the experiment conducted by the

researchers, the results shows that out of the three set-ups done, Set-up C produced

the paper with the best qualities, Having three hundred fifty (350) g of pineapple leaf

fibers used for making the paper, the final product was able to hold around one

thousand two hundred (1 200) g of weight without tearing or getting damaged.

Recommendation

For this research study, it is recommended to have precise measurements of

the amount, weight, or size of certain materials as some, such as the pineapple fibers,

have major effects on the experiments conducted. It is also important to be cautious

on using sharp objects such as scissors and blender as they may lead to unintentional

injury when not properly handled. It is advised to be extra careful when working with

flame or flammable materials as they may cause burns or blisters to the conductor of

the experiment. As for the improvement of the study, it was also suggested by the

panelist to find alternatives other than pineapple such as gabi, taro, and malunggay

which can be used in making paper. Add to this, it was also suggested to have other

products or materials other than paper to be as our variable.

 References

Yan, B. P. G. (n.d.). A “Game of Trees.” https://fasps.denr.gov.ph/index.php/public-

relations/project-stories/biodiversity/23-a-game-of-trees#:~:text=The%20Philippines

%20is%20losing%20around,of%20the%20nation's%20land%20area.

Fitriani, Aprilia, N. a. S., & Arahman, N. (2020). Properties of nanocrystalline

cellulose from pineapple crown leaf waste. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science

and Engineering, 796(1), 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/796/1/012007

Novaes, E., Kirst, M., Chiang, V. L., Winter-Sederoff, H., & Sederoff, R. R. (2010).

Lignin and Biomass: A Negative Correlation for Wood Formation and Lignin Content

in Trees. Plant Physiology, 154(2), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.161281

 APPENDICES
Procedures in the Study

Scraping of the pineapple leaves

Extracting of the Fibers

Boiling of the pineapple fibers

Blending of the fibers

Pouring the fibers on the silk screen

Sorting/Fixing the fibers into paper

Drying the pineapple leaves paper

The Finished Product

IV. ABSTRAC
T
Researcher: Karl D. Bulan/09773919227
School: Oriental Mindoro National High School
Project Title: The Efficacy of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Leaves as a Sustainable
Paper Substitute
ABSTRACT

This research study was conducted to focus on finding the efficiency of

pineapple (Ananas Comosus) leaf fibers for the production of paper. This study aims

to explore the possibilities of other raw materials, such as pineapple, as an alternative

ingredient for the traditional wood in making papers.

The materials used to conduct this study are pineapple leaves, scissors, scraper

(spatula/spoon), cooking pot, blender, silk screen, sponge, weights, and rice. The

pineapple leaves are scraped using the spatula/spoon to expose the fibers. It was then

boiled for about 1-2 hours until the fibers started to loosen. The boiled fibers were

blended in a blender to give it a smoother and finer texture. Once it started to liquify,

that fibers were strained on the silk screen to remove the excess water. A sponge was

used to absorb extra liquid and weights were put on top of the fibers to flatten it out.

Once done, the paper was dried using a heat gun. The durability test for the papers

was done using rice as the weights.

This procedure was done in three set-ups, each having different amounts of

pineapple fibers in grams. The first set-up used 150 grams of fibers, the second one

used 250 g and the third used 350 g. Out of the three, the set-up with three hundred

fifty (350) g of pineapple fibers held the most weight of around 1200 g of rice. The

results shows that the more pineapple fibers is used, the more durable the paper

become.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, we would like to thank God as he is the one that helped and

supported us throughout the course of Research. We would also like to thank him for

guiding and giving us our daily bread that gave us strength to persevere on our daily

tasks. We are also thankful for his presence even through hardships and tough times

we experienced. And lastly, we thank him for leading us through success from

making our research paper to finishing and defending our research study. No other

words can express our gratitude for him.

We also want to give a special thanks to our adviser, Sir Arlan E. Bolasco for

teaching us and for her guidance in preparation for finishing our research study. We

would also like to thank our adult sponsors for guiding, supporting, and providing our

needs for completing this study. We thank Mrs Irene and Mr. Ananias Aguila for

providing us financially and for feeding us while conducting study. To Mrs. Cathy

and Mr. Jordan Tatunay, we would also like to give thanks as they also provided and

supported us to help us in our research study. And last but not the least, to Mrs. Ana

Bulan who also provided the necessary equipment for conducting our experiments.

We would also like to thank our friends, classmates, and fellow researchers

for giving us moral support, guiding us throughout the research period, and helping us

in order to finish and defend our study. We thank Mar Jeowell Guetan and AJ Suarez

who cooperated and helped in conducting our experiments and in finishing our
research paper. A special thanks is also given to Jazmine Vicente and Prolet Clerigo

as they helped us in making some of the parts of our research paper, even through

sleepless nights. We would like to thank our other classmates like Jhon Lloyd

Aboboto, Arond Villa Del Rey, and Khen Gian Rodaje for sharing their papers as a

guide for completing ours. Lastly, we thank all of the students from 10-Newton who

cheered and supported us in conducting and finishing our research study.

We, the researchers, would like to thank these people once again as we would

not have done and finished our research study without your support, guidance, and

love that you have given us throughout the period of Research.